Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CLEANSING ARTICLES CONTAINING ISOLATED BENEFIT AREAS
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to disposable, articles suitable for cleansing
and
therapeutically treating the skin, hair and any other sites in need of such
treatment. These articles
each comprise a two layer substrate sheet, a cleansing component, and a
therapeutic benefit
component. Consumers use the articles by wetting them with water and rubbiilg
them on the area
to be cleansed and/or therapeutically treated (e.g. conditioned).
The invention also encompasses methods for cleansing and therapeutically
treating the skin
and hair using the articles of the present invention.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Cleansing products have evolved into a variety of product forms during their
use in
civilized society. Exemplary product forms include solid bars, lotions, gels,
creams, etc. No
matter what the form, however, most forms attempt to achieve the same goal of
providing the user
with a mild, non-irritating, non-drying, invigorating, clean-feeling bathing
or cleansing experience.
Ideally, such benefits are derived in conjunction with additional aesthetic
benefits, like
moisturization or some other type of therapeutic treatment.
Today, activities like physical fitness and incessant mobility have become
more integral
parts of the lives of consumers. As a result, personal caxe product
characteristics that have become
increasingly important to consumers now include safety, efficacy, cost
effectiveness, convenience
and compactness. In view of these desirable characteristics for a personal
c'arP product, there is a
need for a personal care product that is suitable for cleansing skin and/or
hair as well as providing
a therapeutic benefit thereto in a manner that is, most of all, convenient and
effective
Applicants have surprisingly found that the articles of the present invention
provide
effective cleansing and therapeutic benefits to the skin and/or hair in a
convenient, inexpensive, and
sanitary,manner. The present invention provides the convenience of not needing
to carry, store, or
use a separate implement (such as a washcloth or sponge), a cleanser, and a
therapeutic benefit
product. These articles are convenient to use because they are in the form of
a single, disposable
personal care article that is useful for cleansing as well as application of a
therapeutic or aesthetic
benefit agent. Moreover, these articles are suitable for use within or in
conjunction with another
personal care implement that is designed for more extensive use. In this
instance, the articles of the
present invention are disposed within or attached to a separate personal care
implement that is not
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readily disposable, e.g., a bath towel or washcloth. In addition, the
disposable articles of the present
invention may be removeably attached to a handle or grip suitable for moving
the article over the
surface to be cleansed and therapeutically treated (e.g., conditioned).
Although in preferred embodiments the articles of the present invention are
suitable for
personal care applications, they may also be useful in a variety of other
industries such as the
automotive care, marine vehicle care, household care, animal care, etc. where
surfaces or areas are
in need of cleansing and/or application of a benefit agent, e.g., wax,
conditioner, UV protectant,
etc..
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the articles are suitable
for personal
care applications and are useful for cleansing and conditioning the skin,
hair, and other surfaces in
need of such treatment. Consumers use these articles by wetting them with
water and rubbing them
on the area to be treated. The article consists of a two Iayer substrate
sheet, a cleansing component
disposed adjacent to the substrate sheet, and a therapeutic benefit component
which is also disposed
adjacent to the substrate sheet wherein said therapeutic benefit component
occupies less than about
50 cm' of the substrate sheet per gram of therapeutic benefit component.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an article suitable for cleansing wherein the
article
comprises:
a) a substrate sheet which comprises:
1) a first substrate layer; and
2) a second substrate layer attached to said first layer;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet; and
c) a therapeutic benefit component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet
wherein said therapeutic benefit component occupies less than about 50 cm2 of
the substrate
sheet per gram of therapeutic benefit component.
In a preferred embodiment, the present invention also relates to an article
suitable for
cleansing wherein the article comprises:
a) a substrate sheet which comprises:
1) a first substrate layer; and
2) a second substrate layer sealed to said first layer to thereby form at
least one reservoir
seal in at least one surface of said substrate sheet wherein the reservoir
seal is in a
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form selected from the group consisting of shapes, designs, logos, and
combinations
thereof;
b) a cleansing component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet; and
c) a therapeutic benefit component disposed within said reservoir seal
wherein said therapeutic benefit component occupies less than about 50 cm2
ofthe substrate
sheet per grain of therapeutic benefit component.
In another embodiment, the cleansing article of the present invention may be
modified to
impart solely therapeutic benefits. This article comprises:
a) a substrate sheet which comprises:
1) a first substrate layer; and
2) a second substrate layer attached to said first layer; and
b) a therapeutic benefit component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet
wherein said therapeutic benefit component occupies less than about 50 cm2 of
the substrate
sheet per grayn of therapeutic benefit component.
The present invention also relates to methods of cleansing and conditioning
the skin and
hair which comprises the steps of a) wetting such articles with water and b)
contacting the skin or
hair with the wetted articles.
All percentages and ratios used herein, unless otherwise indicated, are by
weight and all
measurements made are at 25°C, unless otherwise designated. The
invention hereof can comprise,
consist of, or consist essentially of, the essential as well as optional
ingredients and components
described therein.
In the description of the invention various embodiments and/or individual
features are .
disclosed. As will be apparent for the skilled practitioner all combinations
of such embodiments
and features are possible and can result in preferred executions of the
invention.
All documents referred to herein, including patents, patent applications, and
printed
publications, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety in this
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein, "disposable" is used in its ordinary sense to mean an article
that is disposed
or discarded after a limited number of usage events, preferably less than 25,
more preferably less
than about 10, and most preferably less than about 2 entire usage events.
As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the present
invention exhibit a
Moisture Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about
0.75 gms, even more
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preferably, less than about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25
gms, even still more
preferably less than about 0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1
gms. The
determination of the Moisture Retention is discussed later.
The articles of the present invention, which are preferably personal care
articles, comprise
the following essential components.
SUBSTRATE SHEET
The articles of the present invention are preferably disposable and
substantially dry and
comprise a substrate sheet that further comprises at least two layers,
hereafter referred to as the
first and second substrate layers. Preferably, such layers are non-scouring.
As used herein, ' i~on-
scouring" means that the layer exhibits an Abrasive Value of greater than
about 15, preferably
greater than about 30, more preferably greater than about 50, even more
preferably greater than
about 70, and most preferably greater than about 80 as determined by the
Abrasiveness Value
Methodology described below. Preferably, the first and second substrate layers
are soft yet
invigorating to the skin of the consumer when used. These substrate layers as
well as any others
which may be optionally included are each defined as having both a top (or
exterior) and bottom (or
interior) surface. The bottom or interior surfaces of the layers are those
which face the inside or
innermost portion of the article of the present invention whereas the top or
exterior surfaces of the
layers are those which face the outside or outermost portion of the article.
Without being limited by theory, the substrate sheet enhances cleansing and/or
therapeutic
treatment. The layers of the substrate sheet can have the same or differing
textures on each siuface
such that the outermost surfaces of the article may also have the same or
differing textures. The
substrate sheet of the article may act as an efficient lathering and
exfoliating implement. By
physically coming into contact with the skin or hair, the substrate
significantly aids in cleansing and
removal of dirt, makeup, dead skin, and other debris. In preferred
embodiments, however, the
substrate is non-scouring or nonabrasive to the skin.
FIRST AND SECOND SUBSTRATE LAYERS
The first and second substrate layers of the substrate sheet are preferably
materials selected
from the group consisting of nonwovens, wovens, and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the layers
are Iofty, non-scouring, and of low-density. As used herein, "lofty" means
that the layer has
density of from about 0.00005 g/cm3 to about 0.1 g/cm3, preferably from about
0.001 g/cm3 to
about 0.09 g/crn3 and a thickness of from about 0.04 inches to about 2 inches
at 5 gms/in2.
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Materials suitable for the first and second substrate layers include those
selected from the
group consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, formed films, battings, foams,
sponges, reticulated
foams, vacuum-formed laminates, scrims, polymeric nets, and combinations
thereof. More
preferably, the first and second substrate layers comprise materials selected
from the group
consisting of cellulosic nonwovens, formed films, battings, and combinations
thereof. As used
herein, "nonwoven" means that the layer does not comprise fibers which are
woven into a fabric
but the layer need not comprise fibers at all, e.g., formed films, sponges,
foams, scrims, etc.. When
the layer comprises fiber, the fibers can either be random (i.e., randomly
aligned) or they can be
carded (i.e., combed to be oriented in primarily one direction). Furthermore,
the first and second
substrate layers can each be composite materials composed of a combination of
additional layers,
i.e., plies, of random and carded fibers.
A preferred material suitable for the first and second substrate layers is
batting.
Preferably, the batting comprises synthetic materials. As used herein,
"synthetic" means that the
materials are obtained primarily from various man-made materials or from
natural materials that
have been fiu-ther altered. Suitable synthetic materials include, but are not
limited to, acetate
fibers, acrylic fibers, cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic fibers, polyamide
fibers, polyester fibers,
polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, rayon fibers, polyethylene foam,
polyurethane foam, and
combinations thereof. Preferred synthetic materials, particularly fibers, may
be selected from the
group consisting of nylon fibers, rayon fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyester
fibers, and combinations
thereof. Preferred polyolefin fibers are fibers selected from the group
consisting of polyethylene,
polypropylene, polybutylene, polypentene, and combinations and copolymers
thereof. More
preferred polyolefin fibers are fibers selected from the group consisting of
polyethylene,
polypropylene, and combinations and copolymers thereof. Preferred polyester
fibers axe fibers
selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene
terephthalate,
polycyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate, and combinations and copolymers
thereof. More
preferred polyester fibers are fibers selected from the group consisting of
polyethylene
terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and combinations and copolymers
thereof. Most
preferred synthetic fibers comprise solid staple polyester fibers that
comprise polyethylene
terephthalate homopolymers. Suitable synthetic materials may include solid
single component (i.e.,
chemically homogeneous) fibers, multiconstituent fibers (i.e., more than one
type of material
making up each fiber), and multicomponent fibers (i.e., synthetic fibers which
comprise two or
more distinct filament types which are somehow intertwined to produce a larger
fiber), and
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combinations thereof. Preferred fibers include bicornponent fibers,
multiconstituent fibers, and
combinations thereof. Such bicomponent fibers may have a core-sheath
configuration or a side-
by-side configuration. In either instance, the first and second substrate
layers may each comprise
either a combination of fibers comprising the above-listed materials or fibers
which themselves
comprise a combination of the above-listed materials.
For the core-sheath fibers, preferably, the cores comprise materials selected
from the group
consisting of polyesters, polyolefins having a Tg of at least about
10°C higher than the sheath
material, and combinations thereof. Conversely, the sheaths of the bicomponent
fibers preferably
comprise materials selected from the group consisting of polyolefins having a
Tg of at least about
10°C lower than the core material, polyesters polyolefins having a Tg
of at least about 10°C lower
than the core material, and combinations thereof.
In any instance, side-by side configuration, core-sheath configuration, or
solid single
component configuration, the fibers of the batting layer may exhibit a helical
or spiral or crimped
configuration, particularly the bicomponent type fibers.
Furthermore, the fibers of the first and second substrate layers which
comprise batting
preferably have an average thickness of from about 0.5 microns to about 150
microns. More
preferably, the average thickness of the fibers is from about 5 microns to
about 75 microns. In an
even more preferred embodiment, the average thickness of the fibers is from
about 8 microns to
about 40 microns. Furthermore, the fibers of the of the first and second
substrate layers may be of
varying sizes, i.e., the fibers of the batting layer may comprise fibers
having different average
thicknesses. Also, the cross section of the fibers can be round, flat, oval,
elliptical or otherwise
shaped.
The first and second substrate layers may comprise a variety of both natural
and synthetic
fibers or materials. As used herein, "natural" means that the materials are
derived from plants,
animals, insects or byproducts of plants, animals, and insects. The
conventional base starting
material is usually a fibrous web comprising any of the common synthetic or
natural textile-length
fibers, or combinations thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of natural materials useful in the present invention
include, but are
not limited to, sills fibers, keratin fibers and cellulosic fibers.
Nonlimiting examples of keratin
fibers include those selected from the group consisting of wool fibers, camel
hair fibers, and the
like. Nonlimiting examples of cellulosic fibers include those selected from
the group consisting of
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wood pulp fibers, cotton fibers, hemp fibers, jute fibers, flax fibers, and
combinations thereof.
Cellulosic fiber materials are preferred in the present invention.
Nonwovens made from natural materials consist of webs or sheets most commonly
formed
on a fine wire screen from a liquid suspension of the fibers. See C.A. Hampel
et al., The
Encyclopedia of Chemistry, third edition, 1973, pp. 793-795 (1973); The
Encyclopedia Americana,
vol. 21, pp. 376-383 (1984); and G.A. Smook, Handbook of Pulp and Paper
Technologies,
Technical Association for the Pulp and Paper Industry (1986); which are
incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety.
In one embodiment, the first andlor second substrate layer is apertured,
preferably when
the layer comprises cellulosic or formed film materials. The apertures in the
layer will generally
range in average diameter between about 0.5 mm and 5 mm. More preferably, the
apertures will
range in size between about 1 mm to 4 mm in average diameter. Preferably, no
more than about
10% of the apertures in the layer will fall outside these size ranges. More
preferably, no more than
about 5% of the apertures in the Iayer will fall outside these size ranges.
For apertures which are
not circular in shape, the "diameter" of the aperture refers to the diameter
of a circular opening
having the same surface area as the opening of the non-circular shaped
aperture.
Within the first and second substrate layers, the apertures will generally
occur at a
frequency of from about 0.5 to 12 apertures per straight linear centimeter.
More preferably, the
apertures in the surface of the layer will occur at a frequency of from about
1.5 to 6 apertures per
C
straight linear centimeter.
The apertures must at least be placed within the substrate layer. Such
apertures need not
protrude completely through one surface of the layer to the other. They,
however, may do so.
Additionally, apertures may or may not be both layers of the substrate sheet
such that the article is
apertured through it's entire volume.
Apertures may be formed in the substrate layers as they are being formed or
fabricated.
Alternatively, apertures may be formed in the substrate layers after they are
completely formed.
Natural material nonwovens useful in the present invention may be obtained
from a wide
variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable commercially
available paper
layers useful herein include Airtex~, an embossed airlaid cellulosic layer
having a base weight of
about 71 gsy, available from James River, Green Bay, WI; and Walkisoft~, an
embossed airlaid
cellulosic having a base weight of about 75 gsy, available from Wallcisoft
U.S.A., Mount Holly,
NC.
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Additional suitable nonwoven materials include, but are not limited to, those
disclosed in
U. S. Patent Nos. 4,447,294, issued to Osborn on May 8, 1984; 4,603,176 issued
to Bjorkquist on
July 29, 1986; 4,981,557 issued to Bjorkquist on January 1, 1991; 5,085,736
issued to Bjorkquist
on February 4, 1992; 5,138,002 issued to Bjorkquist on August 8, 1992;
5,262,007 issued to Phan
et al. on November 16, 1993; 5,264,082, issued to Phan et al. on November 23,
1993; 4,637,859
issued to Trokhan on January 20, 1987; 4,529,480 issued to Trokhan on July 16,
1985; 4,687,153
issued to McNeil on August 18, 1987; 5,223,096 issued to Phan et al. on June
29, 1993 and
5,679,222, issued to Ra,sch et al. on October 21, 1997, each of which is
incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety.
Methods of making nonwovens are well known in the art. Generally, these
nonwovens can
be made by air-laying, water-laying, meltblowing, coforming, spunbonding, or
carding processes in
which the fibers or filaments are first cut to desired lengths from long
strands, passed into a water
or air stream, and then deposited onto a screen through which the fiber-laden
air or water is passed.
The resulting layer, regardless of its method of production or composition, is
then subjected to at
Least one of several types of bonding operations to anchor the individual
fibers together to form a
self sustaining web. In the present invention the first and second substrate
layers can be prepared
by a variety of processes including, but not limited to, air-entanglement,
hydroentanglement,
thermal bonding, and combinations of these processes.
Nonlimiting examples of synthetic materials useful in the present invention
include those
selected from the group consisting of acetate fibers, acrylic fibers,
cellulose ester fibers, modacrylic
fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyvinyl
alcohol fibers, rayon fibers,
polyethylene foam, polyurethane foam, and combinations thereof. Examples of
suitable synthetic
materials include acrylics such as acrilan, creslan, and the acrylonitrile-
based fiber, orlon; cellulose
ester fibers such as cellulose acetate, arnel, and acele; polyamides such as
nylons (e.g., nylon 6,
nylon 66, nylon 610, and the like); polyesters such as fortrel, kodel, and the
polyethylene
terephthalate fiber, polybutylene terephalate fiber, dacron; polyolefins such
as polypropylene,
polyethylene; polyvinyl acetate fibers; polyurethane foams and combinations
thereof. These and
other suitable fibers and the nonwovens prepared therefrom are generally
described in Riedel,
"Nonwoven Bonding Methods and Materials," Nonwoven World (1987); The
Encyclopedia
Americana, vol. 11, pp. 147-153, and vol. 26, pp. 566-581 (1984); U. S. Patent
No. 4,891,227, to
Thaman et al., issued January 2, 1990; and U. S. Patent No. 4,891,228, each of
which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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Nonwovens made from synthetic materials useful in the present invention can be
obtained
from a wide variety of commercial sources. Nonlimiting examples of suitable
fixst and second
substrate layer materials usefi~l herein include HEF 40-047, an apertured
hydroentangled material
containing about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of
about 61 grams per
square meter (gsm), available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; HEF 140-102, an
apertured
hydroentangled material containing about 50% rayon and 50% polyester, and
having a basis weight
of about 67 gsm, available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; Novonet~ 149-616,
a thermo-bonded
grid patterned material containing about 100% polypropylene, and having a
basis weight of about
60 gsm available from Veratec, Inc., Walpole, MA; Novonet~ 149-801, a thermo-
bonded grid
patterned material containing about 69% rayon, about 25% polypropylene, and
about 6% cotton,
and having a basis weight of about 90 gsm, available from Veratec, Inc.
Walpole, MA; Novonet~
149-191, a thermo-bonded grid patterned material containing about 69% rayon,
about 25%
polypropylene, and about 6% cotton, and having a basis weight of about 120
gsm, available from
Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; HEF Nubtex~ 149-801, a nubbed, apertured
hydroentangled material,
containing about 100% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 84 gsm,
available from
Veratec, Inc. Walpole, MA; Keybak~ 951V, a dry formed apertured material,
containing about
75% rayon, about 25% acrylic fibers, and having a basis weight of about 51
gsm, available from
Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Keybak~ 1368, an apertured material, containing
about 75%
rayon, about 25% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 47 gsm,
available from Chicopee,
New Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~ 1236, an apertured, hydroentangled material,
containing about
100% rayon, and having a basis weight from about 48 gsm to about 138 gsm,
available from
Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Duralace~ 5904, an apertured, hydroentangled
material,
contailiing about 100% polyester, and having a basis weight from about 48 gsm
to about 138 gsm,
available from Chicopee, New Brunswick, NJ; Chicopee~ 5763, a carded
hydroapertured material
(8x6 apertures per inch, 3X2 apertures per cm), containing about 70% rayon,
about 30% polyester,
and a optionally a latex binder (Acrylate or EVA based) of up to about 5% w/w,
and having a basis
weight from about 60 gsm to about 90 gsm, available form Chicopee, New
Brunswick, NJ;
Chicopee~ 9900 series (e.g., Chicopee 9931, 62 gsm, 50/50 rayon/polyester, and
Chicopee 9950
50 gsm, 50/50 rayon/polyester), a carded, hydroentangled material, containing
a fiber composition
of from 50% rayon/50% polyester to 0% rayon/100% polyester or 100% rayon/0%
polyester, and
having a basis weight of from about 36 gsm to about 84 gsm, available form
Chicopee, New
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Brunswick, NJ; Sontara 8868, a hydroentangled material, containing about SO%
cellulose and
about 50% polyester, and having a basis weight of about 72 gsm, available from
Dupont Chemical
Corp. Preferred non-woven substrate materials have a basis weight of about
from 24 gsm to about
96 gsm, more preferably from about 36 gsm to about 84 gsm, and most preferably
from about 42
gsm to about 78 gsm.
The first and second substrate layers may also comprise a polymeric mesh
sponge as
described in European Patent Application No. EP 702550A1 published March 27,
1996, which is
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Such polymeric mesh sponges
comprise a plurality
of plies of an extruded tubular netting mesh prepared from nylon or a strong
flexible polymer, such
as addition polymers of olefin monomers and polyamides of polycarboxylic
acids.
The first and second substrate layers may also comprise formed films and
composite
materials, i.e., multiple materials containing formed films. Preferably, such
formed films comprise
plastics which tend to be soft to the skin. Suitable soft plastic formed films
include, but are not
limited to, polyolefins such as low density polyethylenes (LDPE). In such
cases where either the
first or second substrate layer or both comprise a plastic formed film, it is
preferred that that layer
be apertured, e.g., macroapertured or microapertured, such that the layer is
fluid permeable. In one
embodiment, the apertured first and/or second substrate layer comprises a
plastic formed film
which is only microapertured. The surface aberrations of the microapertures,
i.e., the male side,
are preferably located on the interior or bottom surface of the substrate
layer and preferably face
toward the inside of the substrate, i.e., toward the cleansing component. In
certain embodiments
which include apertures having petal-like edged surface aberrations, without
being limited by
theory, it is believed that when the surface aberrations of the apertures face
toward the surfactant-
containing cleansing component, the application of pressure by the hand to the
article allows the
petal-like edges of the surface aberrations to fold inward thereby creating
numerous valves on the
interior surface of the layer which in effect meter out the cleansing
component contained within the
article thereby extending the article's useful life.
In another embodiment, the first andlor second substrate layer comprises a
plastic formed
film which is both microapertured and macroapertured. In such embodiments, the
layer is well-
suited to contact the area to be cleansed and therapeutically treated given
the cloth-like feel of such
microapertured filins. Preferably, in such an embodiment, the surface
aberrations of the
microapertures face opposite of the surface aberrations of the macroapertures
on the substrate
layer. In such an instance, it is believed that the macroapertures maximize
the overall
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wetting/lathering of the article by the three-dimensional thickness formed
from the surface
aberrations which are under constant compression and decompression during the
use of the article
thereby creating lathering bellows.
In any case, in such an embodiment, the first and/or second substrate layer
comprising a
formed film preferably has at least about 100 apertures/cm2, more preferably
at least 500
apertures/cm2, even still more preferably at least about 1000 aperi:ures/cm2,
and most preferably at
least about 1500 apertures/cm2 ofthe substrate.
Suitable formed films and formed film-containing composite materials useful in
the first
and/or second substrate layers of the present invention include, but are not
limited to, those
disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,342,314 issued to Radel et al. on August 3,
1982, commonly
assigned co-pending application U. S. Serial No. 08/326,571 and PCT
Application No.
US95/07435, filed June 12, 1995 and published January 1 l, 1996, and U. S.
Patent No. 4,629,643,
issued to Curro et al. on December 16, 1986, each of which is incorporated by
reference herein in
its entirety. Furthermore, the first and/or second substrate layers may be a
formed film composite
material comprising at least one formed film and at least one nonwoven wherein
the layer is
vacuum formed. A suitable formed film composite material includes, but is not
limited to, a
vacuum laminated composite formed film material formed by combining a carded
polypropylene
nonwoven having a basis weight of 30 gsm with a formed film.
Additionally, the first and second substrate layers are bonded to one another
in order to
maintain the integrity of the article. This bonding may consist of spot
bonding (e.g., hot point
bonding), continuous joining (e.g., laminated, etc.) in a discontinuous
pattern, or by bonding at the
external edges (or periphery) of the layers and/or at discrete loci or
combinations thereof. When
spot bonding is used in the present articles, it is preferred that the spot
bonds are separated by a
distance of not less than about 1 cm. In any instance, however, the bonding
may be arranged such
that geometric shapes and patterns, e.g. diamonds, circles, squares, etc., are
created on the exterior
surfaces of the layers and the resulting article. Preferred methods of bonding
or sealing the first
and second substrate layers to one another are selected from the group
consisting of heat sealing,
ultrasonic sealing, adhesive bonding, embossing, male/female plate heat
sealing, and combinations
thereof.
In preferred embodiments, the second substrate layer is sealed to the first
substrate layer to
thereby form at least one reservoir seal in at least one suxface of the
substrate sheet. In one
embodiment, there are a plurality of reservoir seals formed in at least one
surface of the substrate
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
sheet. In even more preferred embodiments, such reservoir seals are shaped in
a form selected from
the group consisting of shapes, designs, logos, and combinations thereof.
Preferably, the reservoir
seals are shaped in the form of geometric shapes. Additionally, such reservoir
seals are preferably
at least about 0.1 mm deep, more preferably, at least about 0.5 mm deep, and
most preferably, at
least about 2 mm deep. Similarly, it is preferred that such reservoir seals be
about 1 mm wide.
More preferably, the reservoir seals are about 2 mm wide. Most preferably, the
reservoir seals are
about 4 mm wide. In one embodiment, such reservoir seals are formed in both a
top surface and
bottom surface of the substrate sheet. In another embodiment, there axe a
plurality of reservoir
seals which are formed in both the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate
sheet.
It is also envisioned in the articles of the present invention that the first
and second
substrate layers may be surface modified to form a single composite layer
having 2 surfaces or
sides with different textures. Thus, in effect, the substrate sheet can be
construed as comprising a
single composite layer with dual textured sides or surfaces.
In any event, it is preferred that the bonded area present between the first
and second
substrate layers (as well as any additional layers) be not greater than about
50% of the total surface
area of the layers, preferably not greater than about 15%, more preferably not
greater than about
10%, and most preferably not greater than about 8%.
Each of the layers discussed herein comprises at least two surfaces, namely an
interior
surface and an exterior surface, each of which may have the same or different
texture and
abrasiveness. Preferably, the articles of the present invention comprise
substrate layers that are
soft to the skin. However, differing texture substrates can result from the
use of different
combinations of materials or from the use of different manufacturing processes
or a combination
thereof. For instance, a dual textured substrate sheet can be made to provide
a personal care article
with the advantage of having a more abrasive side for exfoliation and a
softer, absorbent side for
gentle cleansing and/or therapeutic treatment. In addition, the separate
layers of the substrate sheet
can be manufactured to have different colors, thereby helping the user to fiu-
ther distinguish the
surfaces.
Furthermore, each of the layers of the articles as well as the articles
themselves may be
made into a wide variety of shapes and forms iilcluding flat pads, thick pads,
thin sheets, ball-
shaped implements, irregularly shaped implements. The exact size of the layers
will depend upon
the desired use and characteristics of the article and may range in surface
area size from about a
square inch to about hundreds of square inches. Especially convenient layer
and article shapes
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
include, but are not limited to, square, circular, rectangular, hourglass,
mitt-type or oval shapes
having a surface area of from about 5 in2 to about 200 in.2, preferably from
about 6 in2 to about 120
in2, and more preferably from about 15 inz to about 100 in2, and a thickness
of from about 0.5 mm
to about 50 mm, preferably from about 1 mm to about 25 mm, and more preferably
from about 2
mm to about 20 mm.
CLEANSING COMPONENT
The articles of the present invention comprise a cleansing component, which
further
comprises one or more surfactants. The cleansing component is disposed
adjacent to the substrate
sheet. In certain embodiments, the cleansing component is impregnated into
and/or on said first and
second substrate layers of the substrate sheet. In another embodiment, the
cleansing component is
deposited onto the interior surface of the first and/or second substrate
layers. In this instance, the
cleansing component is sandwiched in between said first and second substrate
layers.
The articles of the present invention comprise from about 10% to about 1,000%,
preferably from about 50% to about 600%, and more preferably from about 100%
to about 250%,
based on the weight of the water insoluble substrate, of the surfactant. Also,
the articles of the
present invention preferably comprise at least about 1 gram, by weight of the
substrate sheet, of a
surfactant. The cleansing component may be added to the substrate without
requiring a drying
process.
The surfactants of the cleansing component are preferably lathering
surfactants. As used
herein, "lathering surfactant" means a surfactant, which when combined with
water and
mechanically agitated generates a foam or lather. Such surfactants are
preferred since increased
lather is important to consumers as an indication of cleansing effectiveness.
In certain
embodiments, the surfactants or combinations of surfactants are mild. As used
herein, "mild"
means that the surfactants as well as to the articles of the present invention
demonstrate skin
mildness at least milder than common bar soap matrices which typically
comprise a combination of
natural soap and synthetic surfactant (e.g., Lever 20000 and Zest~). Methods
for measuring
mildness, or inversely the ixritancy, of surfactant containing articles, are
based on a skin barrier
destruction test. In this test, the milder the surfactant, the lesser the skin
barrier is destroyed. Skin
barrier destruction is measured by the relative amount of radio-labeled
(tritium labeled) water (3H-
H20) which passes from the test solution through the skin epidermis into the
physiological buffer
contained in the diffusate chamber. This test is described by T. J. Franz in
the J. Invest. Dermatol.,
1975, 64, pp. 190-195; and in U. S. Patent No. 4,673,525, to Small et al.,
issued June 16, 1987,
13
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
which are both incorporated by reference herein in their entirety. Other
testing methodologies for
determining surfactant mildness well known to one skilled in the art can also
be used.
A wide variety of lathering surfactants are useful herein and include those
selected from the
group consisting of anionic lathering surfactants, nonionic lathering
surfactants, cationic lathering
surfactants, amphoteric lathering surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
Anionic Lathering Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of anionic lathering surfactants useful in the
compositions of the
present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers,
North American
edition (1986), published by Allured Publishing Corporation; McCutcheon's,
Functional Materials,
North American Edition (1992); and U. S. Patent No. 3,929,678, to Laughlin et
al., issued
December 30, 1975, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety.
A wide variety of anionic surfactants are potentially useful herein.
Nonlimiting examples
of anionic lathering surfactants include those selected from the group
consisting of alkyl and alkyl
ether sulfates, sulfated monoglycerides, sulfonated olefins, alkyl aryl
sulfonates, primary or
secondary alkane sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, acyl taurates, acyl
isethionates, alkyl
glycerylether sulfonate, sulfonated methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids,
alkyl phosphates, acyl
glutamates, aryl sarcosinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acylated peptides, alkyl
ether carboxylates, acyl
lactylates, anionic fluorosurfactants, and combinations thereof. Combinations
of anionic
surfactants can be used effectively in the present invention.
Anionic surfactants for use in the cleansing component include alkyl and alkyl
ether
sulfates. These materials have the respective formulae R10-S03M and
Rl(CH2H40)x-0-S03M,
wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched allcyl group
from about 8 to
about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and M is a water-soluble canon such as
ammonium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
The alkyl sulfates
are typically made by the sulfation of monohydric alcohols (having from about
8 to about 24
carbon atoms) using sulfur trioxide or other known sulfation technique. The
alkyl ether sulfates
are typically made as condensation products of ethylene oxide and monohydric
alcohols (having
from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) and then sulfated. These alcohols can
be derived from
fats, e.g., coconut oil or tallow, or can be synthetic. Specific examples of
alkyl sulfates which may
be used in the cleansing component are sodium, ammonium, potassium, magnesium,
or TEA salts
of lauryl or myristyl sulfate. Examples of alkyl ether sulfates which may be
used include
ammonium, sodium, magnesium, or TEA laureth-3 sulfate.
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
Another suitable class of anionic surfactants are the sulfated monoglycerides
of the form
R1C0-0-CH2-C(OH)H-CH2-0-S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated,
branched or
unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 caxbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble canon
such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine,
diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine. These are typically made by the reaction of glycerin with
fatty acids (having
from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) to form a monoglyceride and the
subsequent sulfation of
this monoglyceride with sulfur trioxide. An example of a sulfated
monoglyceride is sodium
cocomonoglyceride sulfate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include olefin sulfonates ofthe form
R1S03M, wherein
Rl is a mono-olefin having from about 12 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a
water-soluble
cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine,
diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine. These compounds can be produced by the sulfonation of alpha
olefins by
means of uncomplexed sulfur trioxide, followed by neutralization of the acid
reaction mixture in
conditions such that any sultones which have been formed in the reaction are
hydrolyzed to give the
corresponding hydroxyalkanesulfonate. An example of a sulfonated olefin is
sodium C14/C16
alpha olefin sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants are the linear alkylbenzene sulfonates of
the form Rl-
C6H4-S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched
alkyl group from
about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-soluble cation such as
ammonium, sodium,
potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine, diethanolamine and monoethanolamine.
These are formed
by the sulfonation of linear allcyl benzene with sulfixr trioxide. An example
of this anionic
surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
Still other anionic surfactants suitable for this cleansing component include
the primary or
secondary allcane sulfonates of the form R1S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or
unsaturated,
branched or unbranched alkyl chain from about 8 to about 24 caxbon atoms, and
M is a water-
soluble cation such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium,
triethanolamine,
diethanolamine and monoethanolamine. These are commonly formed by the
sulfonation of
paraffins using sulfur dioxide in the presence of chlorine and ultraviolet
light or another known
sulfonation method. The sulfo~ation can occur in either the secondary or
primary positions of the
alkyl chain. An example of an alkane sulfonate useful herein is alkali metal
or ammonium C 13-
C17 paraffin sulfonates.
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkyl sulfosuccinates, which
include
disodium N-octadecylsulfosuccinamate; diaxnmonium lauryl sulfosuccinate;
tetrasodium N-(1,2-
dicarboxyethyl)-N-octadecylsulfosuccinate; diamyl ester of sodium
sulfosuccinic acid; dihexyl
ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid; and dioctyl esters of sodium sulfosuccinic
acid.
Also useful are taurates which are based on taurine, which is also known as 2-
aminoethanesulfonic acid. Examples of taurates include N-alkyltaurines such as
the one prepared
by reacting dodecylamine with sodium isethionate as detailed in U.S. Patent
No. 2,658,072 which
is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Other examples based of
taurine include the acyl
taurines formed by the reaction of n-methyl taurine with fatty acids (having
from about 8 to about
24 carbon atoms).
Another class of anionic surfactants suitable fox use in the cleansing
component is the acyl
isethionates. The acyl isethionates typically have the formula R1C0-O-
CH2CH2S03M wherein
Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group having
from about 10 to
about 30 carbon atoms, and M is a canon. These are typically formed by the
reaction of fatty
acids (having from about 8 to about 30 carbon atoms) with an alkali metal
isethionate. Nonlimiting
examples of these acyl isethionates include ammonium cocoyl isethionate,
sodium cocoyl
isethionate, sodium lauxoyl isethionate, and mixtures thereof.
Still other suitable anionic surfactants are the allcylglyceryl ether
sulfonates of the form
Rl-OCH2-C(OH)H-CH2-S03M, wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble canon
such as ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, triethanolamine,
diethanolamine and
monoethanolamine. These can be formed by the reaction of epichlorohydrin and
sodium bisulfite
with fatty alcohols (having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) or other
known methods. One
example is sodium cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include the sulfonated fatty acids of the
form Rl-
CH(S04)-COOH and sulfonated methyl esters of the from Rl-CH(S04)-CO-0-CH3,
where Rl is
a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched alkyl group from about 8 to
about 24 carbon
atoms. These can be formed by the sulfonanon of fatty acids or alkyl methyl
esters (having from
about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms) with sulfur trioxide or by another k~iown
sulfonanon technique.
Examples include alpha sulphonated coconut fatty acid and lauryl methyl ester.
Other anionic materials include phosphates such as monoalkyl, diallcyl, and
trialkylphosphate salts formed by the reaction of phosphorous pentoxide with
monohydric branched
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
or unbranched alcohols having from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. These
could also be
formed by other known phosphation methods. An example from this class of
surfactants is sodium
mono or dilaurylphosphate.
Other anionic materials include acyl glutamates corresponding to the formula
R1C0-
N(COOH)-CH2CH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, and M is a water-
soluble canon.
Nonlizniting examples of wluch include sodium lauroyl glutamate and sodium
cocoyl glutamate.
Other anionic materials include alkanoyl sarcosinates corresponding to the
formula
R1CON(CH3)-CH2CH2-C02M wherein R1 is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched alkyl or alkenyl group of about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and M
is a water-soluble
cation. Nonliminng examples of which include sodium lauroyl sarcosinate,
sodium cocoyl
sarcosinate, and ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate.
Other anionic materials include alkyl ether carboxylates corresponding to the
formula Rl-
(OCH2CH2)x-OCH2-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched
alkyl or alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 1 to 10, and
M is a water-soluble
cation. Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium laureth carboxylate.
Other anionic materials include acyl lactylates corresponding to the formula
R1C0-[O-
CH(CH3)-CO]x-C02M wherein Rl is a saturated or unsaturated, branched or
unbranched allcyl or
alkenyl group of about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms, x is 3, and M is a water-
soluble cation.
Nonlimiting examples of which include sodium cocoyl lactylate.
Other anionic materials include the carboxylates, nonlimiting examples of
which include
sodium lauroyl carboxylate, sodium cocoyl carboxylate, and ammonium lauroyl
carboxylate.
Anionic flourosurfactants can also be used.
Other anionic materials include natural soaps derived from the saponification
of vegetable
and/or animal fats & oils exmaples of which include sodium laurate, sodium
myristate, palrnitate,
stearate, tallowate, cocoate.
Any counter canon, M, can be used on the anionic surfactant. Preferably, the
counter
canon is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium,
monoethanolamine,
diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. More preferably, the counter canon is
ammonium.
Nonionic Latherin;~ Surfactants
Nonlimiting examples of nonionic lathering surfactants for use in the
compositions of the
present invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers,
North American
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
edition (1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's,
Functional
Materials. North American Edition (1992); both of which are incorporated by
reference herein in
their entirety.
Nonionic lathering surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group
consisting of alkyl glucosides, alkyl polyglucosides, polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides, alkoxylated
fatty acid esters, sucrose esters, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Alkyl glucosides and alkyl polyglucosides are useful herein, and can be
broadly defined as
condensation products of long chain alcohols, e.g., C8-30 alcohols, with
sugars or starches or
sugar or starch polymers, i.e., glycosides or polyglycosides. These compounds
can be represented
by the formula (S)ri O-R wherein S is a sugar moiety such as glucose,
fructose, mannose, and
galactose; n is an integer of from about 1 to about 1000, and R is a C8-30
alkyl group. Examples
of long chain alcohols from which the alkyl group can be derived include decyl
alcohol, cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myr~styl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, and
the like. Preferred
examples of these surfactants include those wherein S is a glucose moiety, R
is a C8-20 alkyl
group, and n is an integer of from about 1 to about 9. Commercially available
examples of these
surfactants include decyl polyglucoside (available as APG 325 CS from Henkel)
and lauryl
polyglucoside (available as APG 600CS and 625 CS from Henkel). Also useful are
sucrose ester
surfactants such as sucrose cocoate and sucrose laurate.
Other useful nonionic surfactants include polyhydroxy fatty acid amide
surfactants, more
specific examples of which include glucosamides, corresponding to the
structural formula:
0 R1
~R~ C N Z
wherein: Rl is H, C1-C4 alkyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy- propyl, preferably
Cl-C4 alkyl, more
preferably methyl or ethyl, most preferably methyl; R2 is C5-C31 alkyl or
alkenyl, preferably
C~-C 19 alkyl or alkenyl, more preferably C9-C 1 ~ alkyl or alkenyl, most
preferably C 11 C 15 ~yl
or alkenyl; and Z is a polhydroxyhydrocarbyl moiety having a linear
hydrocarbyl chain with a least
3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative
(preferably ethoxylated or
propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably is a sugax moiety selected from the group
consisting of
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, mannose, xylose, and mixtures
thereof. An
especially preferred surfactant corresponding to the above structure is
coconut alkyl N-methyl
glucoside amide (i.e., wherein the R2C0- moiety is derived from coconut oil
fatty acids).
Processes fox making compositions containing polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are
disclosed, for
example, in G.B. Patent Specification 809,060, published February 18, 1959, by
Thomas Hedley
& Co., Ltd.; U. S. Patent No. 2,965,576, to E.R. Wilson, issued December 20,
1960; U. S. Patent
No. 2,703,798, to A.M. Schwartz, issued March 8, 1955; and U. S. Patent No.
1,985,424, to
Piggott, issued December 25, 1934; each of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their
entirety.
Other examples of nonionic surfactants include amine oxides. Amine oxides
correspond to
the general formula RIR2R3N-~0, wherein Rl contains an alkyl, alkenyl or
monohydroxy alkyl
radical of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, from 0 to about 10 ethylene
oxide moieties, and
from 0 to about 1 glyceryl moiety, and R2 and R3 contain from about 1 to about
3 carbon atoms
and from 0 to about 1 hydroxy group, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl,
hydroxyethyl, or hydroxypropyl
radicals. The arrow in the formula is a conventional representation of a
semipolax bond. Examples
of amine oxides suitable for use in this invention include dimethyl-
dodecylamine oxide, oleyldi(2-
hydroxyethyl) amine oxide, dimethyloctylamine oxide, dimethyl-decylamine
oxide, dimethyl-
tetradecylaxnine oxide, 3,6,9 trioxaheptadecyldiethylamine oxide, di(2-
hydroxyethyl)-
tetradecylamine oxide, 2-dodecoxyethyldimethylannine oxide, 3-dodecoxy-2-
hydroxypropyldi(3-
hydroxypropyl)amine oxide, dimethylhexadecylamine oxide.
Nonlimiting examples of preferred nonionic surfactants for use herein are
those selected
form the group consisting of C8-C14 glucose amides, C8-C14 alkyl
polyglucosides, sucrose
cocoate, sucrose Iaurate, lauramine oxide, cocoamine oxide, and mixtures
thereof.
Cationic Lathering Surfactants
Cationic lathering surfactants axe also useful in the articles of the present
invention.
Suitable cationic lathering surfactants include, but are not limited to, fatty
amines, di-fatty
quaternary amines, tri-fatty quaternary amines, imidazolinium quaternary
amines, and
combinations thereof. Suitable fatty amines include monalkyl quaternary amines
such as
cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. A suitable quaternary amine is
dialklamidoethyl
hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate. The fatty amines, however, are preferred. It
is preferred that a
lather booster is used when the cationic lathering surfactant is the primary
lathering surfactant of
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
the cleansing component. Additionally, nonionic surfactants have been found to
be particularly
useful in combination with such cationic lathering surfactants.
Amuhoteric Latherin~~Surfactants
The term "amphoteric lathering surfactant," as used herein, is also intended
to encompass
zwitterionic surfactants, which are well known to formulators skilled in the
axt as a subset of
amphoteric surfactants.
A wide variety of amphoteric lathering surfactants can be used in the
compositions of the
present invention. Particularly useful axe those which are broadly described
as derivatives of
aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines, preferably wherein the nitrogen is in
a cationic state, in
which the aliphatic radicals can be straight or branched chain and wherein one
of the radicals
contains an ionizable water solubilizing group, e.g., carboxy, sulfonate,
sulfate, phosphate, or
phosphonate.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric surfactants useful in the compositions of
the present
invention are disclosed in McCutcheon's, Detergents and Emulsifiers, North
American edition
(1986), published by allured Publishing Corporation; and McCutcheon's,
Functional Materials.
North American Edition (1992); both of which are incorporated by reference
herein in their
entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants are those
selected from the
group consisting of betaines, sultaines, hydroxysultaines, alkyliminoacetates,
iminodialkanoates,
aminoallcanoates, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of betaines include the higher alkyl betaines, such as coco dimethyl
carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl caxboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alphacaxboxyethyl
betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl betaine
(available as Lonzaine 16SP
from Lonza Corp.), lauryl bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl
dimethyl gamrna-
-carboxypropyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl
betaine, coco dimethyl
sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl sulfoethyl betaine, lauryl bis-(2-
hydroxyethyl) sulfopropyl
betaine, amidobetaines and amidosulfobetaines (wherein the RCONH(CH2)3 radical
is attached to
the nitrogen atom of the betaine), oleyl betaine (available as amphoteric
Velvetex OLB-50 from
Henkel), and cocamidopropyl betaine (available as Velvetex BIB-35 and BA-35
from Henkel).
Examples of sultaines and hydroxysultaines include materials such as
cocamidopropyl
hydroxysultaine (available as Mirataine CBS from Rhone-Poulenc).
Preferred for use herein are amphoteric surfactants having the following
structure:
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
0 R2
II +I
R 1-(C -N H-(C H2)m)n N'R4-X
R3
wherein R1 is unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, straight or branched
chain alkyl having from
about 9 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred Rl has from about 11 to about 18
carbon atoms;
more preferably from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms; more preferably still
from about 14 to
about 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer from 1 to about 3, more preferably from
about 2 to about
3, and more preferably about 3; n is either 0 or 1, preferably 1; R2 and R3
are independently
selected from the group consisting of alkyl having from 1 to about 3 carbon
atoms, unsubstituted
or mono-substituted with hydroxy, preferred R2 and R3 are CH3; X is selected
from the group
consisting of C02, S03 and SOq.; R4 is selected from the group consisting of
saturated or
unsaturated, straight or branched chain alkyl, unsubstituted or
monosubstituted with hydroxy,
having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms. When X is C02, R4 preferably has 1 or 3
carbon atoms,
more preferably 1 carbon atom. When X is S03 or SOq., R4 preferably has from
about 2 to about-
4 carbon atoms, more preferably 3 carbon atoms.
Examples of amphoteric surfactants of the present invention include the
following
compounds:
Cetyl dimethyl betaine (this material also has the CTFA designation cetyl
betaine)
C Hg
C 16H33 ~N-C H2-C 02
C H3
Cocamidopropylbetaine
3
R-0-NH- C H ~ NH C H -C 0
( 2)3 I 2 2
C H3
wherein R has from about 9 to about I3 carbon atoms
Cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine
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0 CH3 OH
R-C-NH-(C H2)3 ~N-C H 2-C H-C H2-S 03
C H3
wherein R has from about 9 to about 13 carbon atoms,
Examples of other useful amphoteric surfactants are alkyliminoacetates, and
iminodiallcanoates and aminoalkanoates of the formulas RN[CH2)mC02M]2 and
RNH(CH2)mC02M wherein m is from 1 to 4, R is a Cg-C22 alkyl or alkenyl, and M
is H, allcali
metal, alkaline earth metal ammonium, or alkanolammoniurn. Also included are
imidazolinium and
ammonium derivatives. Specific examples of suitable amphoteric surfactants
include sodium
3-dodecyl-aminopropionate, sodium 3-dodecylaminopropane sulfonate, N-higher
alkyl aspartic
acids such as those produced according to the teaching of U. S. Patent
2,438,091 which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety; and the products sold under
the trade name
"Miranol" and described in U. S. Patent 2,528,378, which is incorporated
herein by reference in its
entirety. Other examples of useful amphoterics include amphoteric phosphates,
such as
coamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate (commercially available as
Monaquat PTC, from
Mona Corp.). Also useful are amphoacetates such as disodium
lauroamphodiacetate, sodium
lauroamphoacetate, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred lathering surfactants are selected from the group consisting of
anionic lathering
surfactants selected from the group consisting of ammonium lauroyl
sarcosinate, sodium trideceth
sulfate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium laureth
sulfate, ammonum
lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, ammonium cocoyl isethionate, sodium
cocoyl isethionate,
sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium cetyl sulfate, sodium monolauryl phospate,
sodium
cocoglyceryl ether sulfonate, sodium C9-C22 soap, and combinations thereof;
nonionic lathering
surfactants selected from the group consisting of lauramine oxide, cocoamine
oxide, decyl
polyglucose, lauryl polyglucose, sucrose cocoate, C12-14 glucosamides, sucrose
laurate, and
combinations thereof; catioiuc lathering surfactants selected from the group
consisting of fatty
amines, di-fatty quaternary amines, tri-fatty quaternary amines, imidazolinium
quaternary amines,
and combinations thereof; amphoteric lathering surfactants selected from the
group consisting of
disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium lauroamphoacetate, cetyl dimethyl
betaine,
cocoamidopropyl betaine, cocoamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine, and combinations
thereof.
22
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THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT COMPONENT
The articles of the present invention further essentially comprise a
therapeutic benefit
component. This benefit component is disposed adjacent to the substrate sheet
and comprises from
about 10% to about 1000%, more preferably, from about 10% to about 500%, and
most
preferably from about 10% to about 250%, by weight of the water insoluble
substrate, of a
therapeutic benefit agent.
In one embodiment, the therapeutic benefit component is disposed on a surface
of the first
and/or second substrate layer in at least one location in a form selected from
the group consisting of
shapes, designs, logos, and combinations thereof. Suitable shapes include
those selected from the
group consisting of dots, straight lines, wavy lines, stars, rectangles,
triangles, ellipses, and
combinations thereof. Exemplary logos may include "P&G" and Olay~. In a
preferred
embodiment, the benefit component is disposed on at least one surface of the
first and/or second
substrate layers in a plurality of locations. In this instance, the benefit
component is therefore
disposed on an interiox or an exterior surface of the substrate sheet or on
both surfaces. In certain
embodiments, the therapeutic benefit component is disposed between the first
and second substrate
layers of the article of the present invention. In this instance, the benefit
component is sandwiched
within the substrate sheet. In any case, the benefit component is disposed on
the layers in isolated
areas, e.g., in the form of shapes, designs, or logos.
In another embodiment of the present invention where reservoir seals are
formed, the
therapeutic benefit component is disposed within the reservoir seals for
effective delivery to the
surface to be treated.
In either instance where the therapeutic benefit component is disposed on the
surface of
either or both layers or within the reservoir seals, the therapeutic benefit
component occupies less
than about 50 em2 of the surface area of the substrate sheet per gram of
benefit component. This
occupied surface area is determined from an overhead or top view perspective
by the total
therapeutic benefit component-occupied surface area per 1 gram of benefit
component. Therefore,
it is conceivable that the occupied surface area of the substrate sheet may be
one surface, two
surfaces (top and bottom), or more surfaces of the substrate sheet.
Preferably, the surface area
occupied by the benefit component is less than about 40 cmz of the substrate
sheet per gram of
benefit component, more preferably, less than about 25 cm2lgm benefit
component, and most
preferably, less than about 10 cm2/gm benefit component. Without being limited
by theory,
Applicants have found that the claimed reduced surface areas occupied by the
therapeutic benefit
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
component wluch result in "isolated pockets" of benefit agents provide a more
effective therapeutic
benefit to the user than is offered by benefit agents which are coated in a
relatively thinner layer
onto substrates. It is believed that the reduced surface area occupancy of the
benefit component or
agent minimizes interaction with the cleansing component thereby extending the
amount of benefit
component which is preserved for therapeutic treatment upon completion of the
cleansing process.
Without being limited by theory, Applicants have found that therapeutic
benefits alone
may be provided with an article of the present invention which comprises: a) a
substrate sheet that
comp a first and second substrate layer wherein said second substrate layer is
attached to said first
layer; and b) a therapeutic benefit component disposed adjacent to said
substrate sheet wherein the
occupied surface area of said therapeutic benefit component is less than about
50 cm2/gm
Preferably, the therapeutic benefit agent of the benefit component is selected
from the
group consisting of hydrophobic conditioning agents, hydrophilic conditioning
agents, structured
conditioning agents, and combinations thereof.
Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise one or more hydrophobic
conditioning
agents which are useful for providing a conditioning benefit to the skin or
hair during the use of the
article. The articles of present invention preferably comprise from about 0.5%
to about 1,000%,
more preferably from about 1% to about 200%, and most preferably from about
10% to about
100%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate, of a hydrophobic
conditioning agent.
The hydrophobic conditioning agent may be selected from one or more
hydrophobic
conditioning agents such that the weighted arithmetic mean solubility
parameter of the hydrophobic
conditioning agent is less than or equal to 10.5. It is recognized, based on
this mathematical
definition of solubility parameters, that it is possible, for example, to
achieve the required weighted
arithmetic mean solubility parameter, i.e., less than or equal to 10.5, for a
hydrophobic
conditioning agent comprising two or more compounds if one of the compounds
has an individual
solubility parameter greater than 10.5.
Solubility parameters are well known to the formulation chemist of ordinary
skill in the art
and are routinely used as a guide for determining compatibility's and
solubilities of materials in the
formulation process.
The solubility parameter of a chemical compound, 8, is defined as the square
root of the
cohesive energy density for that compound. Typically, a solubility parameter
for a compound is
24
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
calculated from tabulated values of the additive group contributions for the
heat of vaporization
and molar volume of the components of that compound, using the following
equation:
1/2
~Ei
i
~ mi
i
wherein ~i Ei = the sum of the heat of vaporization additive group
contributions, and
~ m = the sum of the molar volume additive group contributions
i i
Standard tabulations of heat of vaporization and molar volume additive group
contributions for a
wide variety of atoms and groups of atoms are collected in Barton, A.F.M.
Handbook of Solubility
Parameters, CRC Press, Chapter 6, Table 3, pp. 64-66 (1985), which is
incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety. The above solubility parameter equation is described
in Fedors, R.F., "A
Method for Estimating Both the Solubility Parameters and Molar Volumes of
Liquids", Pol~ner,
Engineering and Science, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 147-154 (February 1974), which is
incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters obey the law of mixtures such that the solubility
parameter for a
mixture of materials is given by the weighted arithmetic mean (i.e. the
weighted average) of the
solubility parameters for each component of that mixture. See, Handbook of
Chemistry and
Ph,~ics, 57th edition, CRC Press, p. C-726 (1976-1977), which is incorporated
by reference herein
in its entirety.
Formulation chemists typically report and use solubility parameters in units
of
(cal/cm3) 1/2. The tabulated values of additive group contributions for heat
of vaporization in the
Handbook of Solubility Parameters are reported in units of kJ/mol. However,
these tabulated heat
of vaporization values are readily converted to cal/mol using the following
well-known
relationships:
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
1 Jlmol = 0.239006 cal/mol and 1000 J = 1 kJ.
See Cordon, A.J. et al., The Chemist's Companion, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 456-
463, (1972),
which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Solubility parameters have also been tabulated for a wide variety of chemical
materials.
Tabulations of solubility parameters are found in the above-cited Handbook of
Solubility
Parameters. Also, see "Solubility EfFects In Product, Package, Penetration,
And Preservation",
C.D. Vaughan, Cosmetics and Toiletries, vol. 103, October 1988, pp. 47-69,
which is incorporated
by reference herein in its entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of hydrophobic conditioning agents include those selected
from the
group consisting of mineral oil, petrolatum, lecithin, hydrogenated lecithin,
lanolin, lanolin
derivatives, C7-C40 branched chain hydrocarbons, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-
C30 carboxylic
acids, C1-C30 alcohol esters of C2-C30 dicarboxylic acids, monoglycerides of
C1-C30 carboxylic
acids, diglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, triglycerides of Cl-C30
carboxylic acids, ethylene
glycol monoesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-
C30 carboxylic
acids, propylene glycol monoesters of Cl-C30 carboxylic acids, propylene
glycol diesters of C1-
C30 carboxylic acids, C1-C30 carboxylic acid monoesters and polyesters of
sugars,
polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, polyalkarylsiloxanes,
cylcomethicones having 3 to 9
silicon atoms, vegetable oils, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polypropylene
glycol C4-C20 alkyl
ethers, di C8-C30 alkyl ethers, and combinations thereof.
Mineral oil, which is also known as petrolatum liquid, is a mixture of liquid
hydrocarbons
obtained from petroleum. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition, Entry 7048, p.
1033 (1983) and
International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p.415-417
(1993), which are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Petrolatum, which is also known as petroleum jelly, is a colloidal system of
nonstraight-
chain solid hydrocarbons and high-boiling liquid hydrocarbons, in which most
of the liquid
hydrocarbons are held inside the micelles. See The Merck Index, Tenth Edition,
Entry 7047, p.
1033 (1983); Schindler, Drug. Cosmet. Ind., 89, 36-37, 76, 78-80, 82 (1961);
and International
Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Fifth Edition, vol. 1, p. 537 (1993), which
axe incorporated by
reference herein in their entirety.
Lecithin is also useful as a hydrophobic conditioning agent. It is a naturally
occurring
mixture of the diglycerides of certain fatty acids, linked to the choline
ester of phosphoric acid.
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
Straight and branched chain hydrocarbons having from about 7 to about 40
carbon atoms
are useful herein. Nonlimiting examples of these hydrocarbon materials include
dodecane,
isododecane, squalane, cholesterol, hydrogenated polyisobutylene, docosane
(i.e. a C22
hydrocarbon), hexadecane, isohexadecane (a commercially available hydrocarbon
sold as
Permethyl~ lOlA by Presperse, South Plainfield, NJ). Also useful are the C7-
C40 isoparaffns,
which are C7-C40 branched hydrocarbons. Polydecene, a branched liquid
hydrocarbon, is also
useful herein and is commercially available under the tradenames Puresyn 100~
and Puresyn
3000~ from Mobile Chemical (Edison, NJ).
Also useful are C1-C30 alcohol esters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids and of C2-C30
dicarboxylic acids, including straight and branched chain materials as well as
aromatic derivatives.
Also useful are esters such as monoglycerides of Cl-C30 carboxylic acids,
diglycerides of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, triglycerides of C1-C30 carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol
monoesters of C1-C30
carboxylic acids, ethylene glycol diesters of C1-C30 carboxylic acids,
propylene glycol monoesters
of Cl-C30 carboxylic acids, and propylene glycol diesters of CI-C30 carboxylic
acids. Straight
chain, branched chain and aryl carboxylic acids are included herein. Also
useful are propoxylated
and ethoxylated derivatives of these materials. Nonlimiting examples include
diisopropyl sebacate,
diisopropyl adipate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palinitate, myristyl
propionate, ethylene glycol
distearate, 2-ethylhexyl palinitate, isodecyl neopentanoate, di-2-ethylhexyl
maleate, cetyl palinitate,
myristyl myristate, stearyl stearate, cetyl stearate, behenyl behenrate,
dioctyl maleate, dioctyl
sebacate, diisopropyl adipate, cetyl octanoate, diisopropyl dilinoleate,
carpylic/capric triglyceride,
PEG-6 caprylic/capric triglyceride, PEG-S caprylic/capric triglyceride, and
combinations thereof.
Also useful are vaxious Cl-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and related
materials.
These esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more
carboxylic acid moieties.
Depending on the constituent acid and sugar, these esters can be in either
liquid or solid form at
room temperature. Examples of liquid esters include: glucose tetraoleate, the
glucose tetraesters of
soybean oil fatty acids (unsaturated), the mannose tetraesters of mixed
soybean oil fatty acids, the
galactose tetraesters of oleic acid, the arabinose tetraesters of linoleic
acid, xylose tetralinoleate,
galactose pentaoleate, sorbitol tetraoleate, the sorbitol hexaesters of
unsaturated soybean oil fatty
acids, xylitol pentaoleate, sucrose tetraoleate, sucrose pentaoletate, sucrose
hexaoleate, sucrose
hepatoleate, sucrose octaoleate, and mixtures thereof Examples of solid esters
include: sorbitol
hexaester in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties are palinitoleate and
arachidate in a 1:2 molar
ratio; the octaester of raffinose in which the carboxylic acid ester moieties
are linoleate and
27
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
behenate in a 1:3 molar ratio; the heptaester of maltose wherein the
esterifying carboxylic acid
moieties are sunflower seed oil fatty acids and lignocerate in a 3:4 molar
ratio; the octaester of
sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid moieties are oleate and
behenate in a 2:6 molar
ratio; and the octaester of sucrose wherein the esterifying carboxylic acid
moieties are laurate,
linoleate and behenate in a 1:3:4 molar ratio. A preferred solid material is
sucrose polyester in
which the degree of esterification is 7-8, and in which the fatty acid
moieties are C 18 mono- and/or
di-unsaturated and behenic, in a molar ratio of unsaturates: behenic of 1:7 to
3:5. A particularly
preferred solid sugar polyester is the octaester of sucrose in which there are
about 7 behenic fatty
acid moieties and about 1 oleic acid moiety in the molecule. Other materials
include cottonseed oil
or soybean oil fatty acid esters of sucrose. The ester materials are further
described in, U. S.
Patent No. 2,831,854, U. S. Patent No. 4,005,196, to Jandacek, issued January
25, 1977; U. S.
Patent No. 4,005,195, to Jandacek, issued January 25, 1977, U. S. Patent No.
5,306,516, to Letton
et al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent No. 5,306,515, to Letton et al.,
issued April 26, 1994; U.
S. Patent No. 5,305,514, to Letton et al., issued April 26, 1994; U. S. Patent
No. 4,797,300, to
Jandacek et al., issued January 10, 1989; U. S. Patent No. 3,963,699, to Rizzi
et al, issued June
15, 1976; U. S. Patent No. 4,518,772, to Volpenhein, issued May 21, 1985; and
U. S. Patent No.
4,517,360, to Volpenhein, issued May 21, 1985; each of which is incorporated
by reference herein
in its entirety.
Nonvolatile silicones such as polydialkylsiloxanes, polydiarylsiloxanes, and
polyalkarylsiloxanes are also useful oils. These silicones are disclosed in U.
S. Patent No.
5,069,897, to Orr, issued December 3, 1991, which is incorporated by reference
herein in its
entirety. The polyalkylsiloxanes correspond to the general chemical formula
R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR3
wherein R is an allcyl group (preferably R is methyl or ethyl, more preferably
methyl) and x is an
integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the desired molecular weight.
Commercially available
polyalkylsiloxanes include the polydimethylsiloxanes, which are also known as
dimethicones,
nonlimiting examples of which include the Vicasil~ series sold by General
Electric Company and
the Dow Corning~ 200 series sold by Dow Corning Corporation. Specific examples
of
polydimethylsiloxanes useful herein include Dow Corning~ 225 fluid having a
viscosity of 10
centistokes and a boiling point greater than 200°C, and Dow Corning~
200 fluids having
viscosities of 50, 350, and 12,500 centistokes, respectively, and boiling
points greater than 200°C.
Also useful are materials such as trimethylsiloxysilicate, which is a
polymeric material
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
corresponding to the general chemical formula [(CH2)3Si01/2]x[Si02]y, wherein
x is an integer
from about 1 to about 500 and y is an integer from about 1 to about 500. A
commercially
available trimethylsiloxysilicate is sold as a mixture with dimethicone as Dow
Corning~ 593 fluid.
Also useful herein are dimethiconols, which are hydroxy terminated dimethyl
silicones. These
materials can be represented by the general chemical formulas
R3Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H and
HOR2Si0[R2Si0]xSiR20H wherein R is an alkyl group (preferably R is methyl or
ethyl, more
preferably methyl) and x is an integer up to about 500, chosen to achieve the
desired molecular
weight. Commercially available dimethiconols are typically sold as mixtures
with dimethicone or
cyclomethicone (e.g. Dow Corning~ 1401, 1402, and 1403 fluids). Also useful
herein are
polyalkylaryl siloxanes, with polymethylphenyl siloxanes having viscosities
from about 15 to about
65 centistokes at 25°C being preferred. These materials are available,
for example, as SF 1075
methylphenyl fluid (sold by General Electric Company) and 556 Cosmetic Grade
phenyl
trimethicone fluid (sold by Dow Corning Corporation). Allcylated silicones
such as methyldecyl
silicone and methyloctyl silicone are useful herein and are commercially
available from General
Electric Company. Also useful herein are alkyl modified siloxanes such as
alkyl methicones and
alkyl dimethicones wherein the alkyl chain contains 10 to 50 carbons. Such
siloxanes are
commercially available under the tradenames ABIL WAX 9810 (C24-C28 alkyl
methicone) (sold by
Goldschmidt) and SF 1632 (cetearyl methicone)(sold by General Electric
Company).
Vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils axe also useful herein.
Examples of
vegetable oils and hydrogenated vegetable oils include safflower oil, castor
oil, coconut oil,
cottonseed oil, menhaden oil, avocado oil, palin kernel oil, palm oil, peanut
oil, soybean oil,
rapeseed oil, linseed oil, rice bran oil, pine oil, sesame oil, sunflower seed
oil, hydrogenated
safflower oil, hydrogenated castor oil, hydrogenated coconut oil, hydrogenated
cottonseed oil,
hydrogenated menhaden oil, hydrogenated palm kernel oil, hydrogenated palm
oil, hydrogenated
peanut oil, hydrogenated soybean oil, hydrogenated rapeseed oil, hydrogenated
linseed oil,
hydrogenated rice bran oil, hydrogenated sesame oil, hydrogenated sunflower
seed oil, and mixtures
thereof.
Also useful are C4-C20 alkyl ethers of polypropylene glycols, C1-C20
carboxylic acid
esters of polypropylene glycols, and di-C8-C30 alkyl ethers. Nonlimiting
examples of these
materials include PPG-14 butyl ether, PPG-15 stearyl ether, dioctyl ether,
dodecyl octyl ether, and
mixtures thereof.
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
Hydrophobic chelating agents are also useful herein as hydrophobic
conditioning agents.
Suitable agents are described in U. S. Patent No. 4,387,244, issued to Scanlon
et al. on June 7,
1983, and copending U. S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 09/258,747 and
09/259,485, filed in the
names of Schwartz et al. on February 26, 1999.
Hydrophilic Conditioning Agents
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise one or more
hydrophilic
conditioning agents. Nonlimiting examples of hydrophilic conditioning agents
include those
selected from the group consisting of polyhydric alcohols, polypropylene
glycols, polyethylene
glycols, urea, pyrolidone carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated C3-
C6 diols and triols,
alpha-hydroxy C2-C6 carboxylic acids, ethoxylated and/or propoxylated sugars,
polyacrylic acid
copolymers, sugars having up to about 12 carbons atoms, sugar alcohols having
up to about 12
carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of usefi~l hydrophilic
conditioning agents
include materials such as urea; guanidine; glycolic acid and glycolate salts
(e.g., ammonium and
quaternary alkyl ammonium); lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g., ammonium and
quaternary alkyl
ammonium); sucrose, fiuctose, glucose, eruthrose, erythritol, sorbitol,
mannitol, glycerol,
hexanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like;
polyethylene glycols
such as PEG-2, PEG-3, PEG-4, PEG-12, PEG-30, PEG-50, polypropylene glycols
such as PPG-9,
PPG-12, PPG-15, PPG-17, PPG-20, PPG-26, PPG-30, PPG-34; alkoxylated glucose;
hyaluroiiic
acid; cationic skin conditioning polymers (e.g., quaternary ammonium polymers
such as
Polyquaternium polymers); and mixtures thereof Glycerol, in particular, is a
preferred hydrophilic
conditioning agent in the articles of the present invention. Also useful are
materials such as aloe
vera in any of its variety of forms (e.g., aloe vera gel), chitosan and
chitosaii derivatives, e.g.,
chitosan lactate, lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; and
mixtures thereof.
Also usefiil are propoxylated glycerols as described in propoxylated glycerols
described in U. S.
Patent No. 4,976,953, to Orr et al., issued December 11, 1990, which is
incorporated by reference
herein in its entirety.
The therapeutic benefit component may be made into a variety of forms. In one
embodiment of the present invention, the therapeutic benefit component is in
the form of an
emulsion. For instance, oil-in-water, water-in-oil, water-in-oil-in-water, and
oil-in-water-in-silicone
emulsions are useful herein. As used iii the context of emulsions, "water" may
refer not only to
water but also water soluble or water miscible agents like polyols, glycerin.
Similarly, "oil" is
meant to encompass hydrophobic materials.
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Preferred therapeutic benefit components comprise an emulsion, which Further
comprises
an aqueous phase and an oil phase. As will be understood by the skilled
artisan, a given
component will distribute primarily into either the aqueous or oil phase,
depending on the water
solubility/dispersibility of the therapeutic benefit agent in the component.
In one embodiment, the
oil phase comprises one or more hydrophobic conditioning agents. In another
embodiment, the
aqueous phase comprises one or more hydrophilic conditioning agents.
Therapeutic benefit components of the present invention, which are emulsion
form,
generally contain an aqueous phase and an oil or lipid phase. Suitable oils or
lipids may be derived
from animals, plants, or petroleum and may be natural or synthetic (i.e., man-
made). Such oils are
discussed above in the Hydrophobic Conditioning Agents section. Suitable
aqueous phase
components include the Hydrophilic Conditioning Agents, which are discussed
above. Preferred
emulsion forms include water-in-oil emulsions, water-in-silicone emulsions,
and other inverse
emulsions. Additionally, preferred emulsions also contain a hydrophilic
conditioning agent such as
glycerin such that a glycerin-in-oil emulsion results.
Therapeutic benefit components in emulsion form will preferably further
contain from
about 1% to about 10%, more preferably from about 2% to about 5%, of an
emulsifier, based on
the weight of therapeutic benefit component. Emulsifiers may be nonionic,
aiuonic or cationic.
Suitable emulsifiers are disclosed in, for example, U.S. Patent 3,755,560,
issued August 28, 1973,
Dickert et al.; U.S. Patent 4,421,769, issued December 20, 1983, Dixon et al.;
and McCutcheon's
Deter ents and Emulsifiers, North American Edition, pages 317-324 (1986).
Therapeutic benefit
components in emulsion form may also contain an anti-foaming agent to minimize
foaming upon
application to the skin. Anti-foaming agents include high molecular weight
silicones and other
materials well known in the art for such use.
The therapeutic benefit component may also be in the form of a microemulsion.
As used
herein, "microemulsion" refers to thermodynamic stable mixtures of two
immiscible solvents (one
apolar and the other polar) stabilized by an amphiphilic molecule, a
surfactant. Preferred
microemulsions include water-in-oil microemulsions.
Structured Conditioning Agents
The therapeutic benefit component may comprise structured conditioning agents.
Suitable
structured conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, vesicular
structures such as
ceramides, liposomes, and the like.
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In another embodiment, the therapeutic benefit agents of the benefit component
are
comprised within a coacervate-forming composition or coacervate. Preferably,
the coacervate-
forming composition comprises a cationic polymer, an anionic surfactant, and a
dermatologically
acceptable carrier for the polymer and surfactant. The cationic polymer may be
selected from the
group consisting of natural backbone quaternary ammonium polymers, synthetic
backbone
quaternary ammonium polymers, natural backbone amphoteric type polymers,
synthetic backbone
amphoteric type polymers, and combinations thereof.
More preferably, the cationic polymer is selected from the group consisting of
natural
backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected from the group consisting of
Polyquaternium-4,
Polyquaternium-10, Polyquaternium-24, PG-hydroxyethylcellulose allcyldimonium
chlorides, guar
hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, hydroxypxopylguar hydroxypropyltrimonium
chloride, and
combinations thereof; synthetic backbone quaternary ammonium polymers selected
from the group
consisting of Polyquaternium-2, Polyquaternium-6, Polyquaternium-7,
Polyquaternium-11,
Polyquaternium-16, Polyquaternium-17, Polyquaternium-18, Polyquaternium-28,
Polyquaternium-
32, Polyquaternium-37, Polyquaternium-43, Polyquaternium-44, Polyquaternium-
46,
polymethacylamidopropyl trimonium chloride, acrylamidopropyl trimonium
chloride/acrylamide
copolymer, and combinations thereof; natural backbone amphoteric type polymers
selected from
the group consisting of chitosan, quaternized proteins, hydrolyzed proteins,
and combinations
thereof; synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymers selected from the group
consisting of
Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-39, Polyquaternium-47, adipic
acid/dimethylaminohydroxypropyl diethylenetriamine copolymer,
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylyaminoethyl methacyrlate copolymer,
vinylcaprolactam/
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylinethacrylate copolymer,
vinaylcaprolactam/
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylinethacrylamide terpolymer,
polyvinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylinethacrylamide copolymer, polyamine,
and
combinations thereof; and combinations thereof. Even more preferably, the
cationic polymer is a
synthetic backbone amphoteric type polymer. Even still more preferably, the
cationic polymer is a
polyamine.
When the cationic polymer is a polyamine, it is preferred that the cationic
polyamine
polymer be selected from the group consisting of polyethyleneimines,
polyvinylamines,
polypropyleneimines, polylysines and combinations thereof. Even more
preferably, the cationic
polyamine polymer is a polyethyleneimine.
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In certain embodiments in which the cationic polymer is a polyamine, the
polyamine may
be hydrophobically or hydrophilically modified. In this instance, the cationic
polyamine polymer is
selected from the group consisting of benzylated polyamines, ethoxylated
polyamines, propoxylated
polyamines, alkylated polyamines, amidated polyamines, esterified polyamines
and combinations
thereof. The coacervate-forming composition comprises from about 0.01% to
about 20%, more
preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1%
to about 5%, by
weight of the coacervate-forming composition, of the cationic polymer.
Suitable anionic surfactants include those discussed above as related to the
"cleansing
component." Preferably, for the coacervate-forming composition, the anionic
surfactant is selected
from the group consisting of sarcosinates, glutamates, sodium alkyl sulfates,
ammonium alkyl
sulfates, sodium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium
laureth-n-sulfates,
sodium laureth-n-sulfates, isethionates, glycerylether sulfonates,
sulfosuccinates and combinations
thereof. More preferably, the anionic surfactant is selected from the group
consisting of sodium
lauroyl sarcosinate, monosodium lauroyl glutamate, sodium alkyl sulfates,
ammonium allcyl
sulfates, sodium alkyleth sulfates, ammonium alkyleth sulfates, and
combinations thereof.
Suitable coacervate-forming compositions are further described in copending U.
S. patent
applications Serial Nos. 09/39'7,747, filed in the name of Schwartz et al.;
09/397,746, filed in the
name of Heinrich et al.; 09/397,712, filed in the name of Schwartz et al.;
09/397,723, filed in the
name of Heinrich et al.; and 09/397,722, filed in the name of Venkitaraman et
al.; each of which
were filed on September 16, 1999.
Alternatively, the coacervate-forming composition or coacervate may comprise
an anionic
polymer, a cationic surfactant, and a dermatologically acceptable Garner for
the polymer and
surfactant. The anionic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of
polyacrylic acid
polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, copolymers of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and
other natural or
synthetic polymers (e.g., polystyrene, polybutene, polyurethane, etc.),
naturally derived gums, and
combinations thereof. Suitable gums include alginates (e.g., propylene glycol
alginate), pectins,
chitosans (e.g., chitosan lactate), and modified gums (e.g., starch octenyl
succinate), and
combinations thereof. More preferably, the anionic polymer is selected from
the group consisting
of polyacrylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide polymers, pectins, chitosans, and
combinations
thereof. Preferred articles of the present invention comprise from about 0.01%
to about 20%, more
preferably from about 0.05% to about 10%, and most preferably from about 0.1%
to about 5%, by
33
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
weight of the coacervate-forming composition, of the anionic polymer. Suitable
cationic
surfactants include, but are not limited to, those discussed herein.
The therapeutic benefit component of the article is suitable for providing
therapeutic or
aesthetic skin or hair benefits by deposition onto such surfaces of not only
conditioning agents but
also various agents including, but not limited to, anti-acne actives, anti-
wrinkle actives, anti-
microbial actives, anti-fungal actives, anti-inflammatory actives, topical
anesthetic actives,
artificial tanning agents and accelerators, anti-viral agents, enzymes,
sunscreen actives, anti-
oxidants, skin exfoliating agents, and combinations thereof.
It should also be understood that the therapeutic benefit component may be
contained
within the cleansing component of the present invention or vice versa such
that they form a unitary
component with indistinguishable ingredients.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ARTICLE COMPONENTS AND ARTICLE ITSELF
Abrasiveness Value Methodolo~y
The Abrasiveness Value indicates the "non-scouring" property of the first and
second
substrate layers of the present articles. The substrate layers of the present
invention are mildly
exfoliating but are not rough to the skin. Therefore, the Abrasiveness Value
determination involves
rubbing the substrate layers along a test surface using a mechanical device
and then examining the
resulting scratch marks produced on the test surface using different analysis
techniques.
The following equipment is needed for the methodology.
1. Martindale Toothbrush Wear and Abrasion Tester: Model 103, serial nos. 103-
1386/2
upwards. Martindale 07-Ol-88 made by James H. Heal and Co. Ltd. Textile
Testing and QC
Equipment. Foot area: 43x44mm. 1Kg weight.
2. Capped Polystyrene strips llx8cm. Clear general purpose polystyrene layer
on white High
Impact Polystyrene, e. g., EMA Model Supplies SS-20201L.
3. Substrates to be tested.
4. Glossmeter, e.g. Sheen Tri-Microgloss 20-60-85
Prepare the polystyrene strips for scratching by removing plastic protective
coating from
the side to be scratched and rinsing with ethanol (do not use tissue). Place
the strip onto a non-
abrasive surface and allow strip to dry in the air. Then, attach the
polystyrene strip to the base of a
Maxtindale wear tester with tape along the edges. Align the strip centrally
under the path of the
scrubbing device, with the length of the strip in the direction of movement.
Cut a 2.5" x 2.5"
substrate sample. Attach the substrate sample to the scrubbing foot of the
Martindale wear tester,
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
with double sided tape, aligning the machine direction of the substrate with
the direction of travel.
Secure the scrubbing foot assembly into the instrument with the screws
supplied. Slot 1Kg weight
on to the top of the scrubbing foot assembly and ensure the scrubbing foot
moves only in one
direction (forward and backwards). Cover the entire Martindale wear tester
with a safety screen.
Set the machine to perform 50 cycles in 1 minute and allow to nui. (Frequency
= 0.833Hz). Once
the machine has stopped take off the footer assembly and lift the polystyrene
strip off the base of
the machine. Label the polystyrene indicating the substrate used and store in
a plastic bag.
Next, the strips are analyzed. The strips are placed on a black construction
paper
background and at least 5 samples of the same substrate are analyzed to get a
reproducible average.
The Glossmeter is placed orthogonally (such that light beam is at right angles
to scratches) and
centrally over the scratched side of the polystyrene strip. A 20° angle
is selected and the sample is
measured yielding the Abrasiveness Value. As the Abrasiveness Value decreases
the scratchiness
or scouring property of a substrate increases.
Moisture Retention Methodolo~y
As described above, the articles of the present invention are considered to be
"substantially
dry". As used herein, "substantially dry" means that the articles of the
present invention exhibit a
Moisture Retention of less than about 0.95 gms, preferably less than about
0.75 gms, even more
preferably, less than about 0.5 gms, even more preferably less than about 0.25
gms, even still more
preferably less than about 0.15 gms, and most preferably, less than about 0.1
gms. The Moisture
Retention is indicative of the dry feel that users perceive upon touching the
articles of the present
invention as opposed to the feel of "wet" wipes.
In order to determine the Moisture Retention of the present articles and other
disposable
substrate-based products, the following equipment and materials are needed.
Bounty White Paper Towel Procter & Gamble SKU 37000
63037
Basis Weight = 42. l4gsm
Balance Accurate to O.Og
Lexan 0.5" thickness
large enough to cover samples
completely
and weighs 1000g
Weight A 2000g weight or combination
to equal
2000g
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Next, weigh two paper towels separately and record each weight. Place one
paper towel on
flat surface (e.g. lab bench). Place the sample article on top of that towel.
Place the other paper
towel on top of sample article. Next, place the Lexan and then the 2000g
weights) on top of the
sandwiched sample article. Wait 1 minute. After the minute, remove weights)
and Lexan. Weigh
the top and bottom paper towel and record the weight.
Calculate the Moisture Retention by subtracting the initial paper towel weight
from the
final weight (after 1 minute) for both the top and bottom paper towels. Add
the weight differences
obtained for the top and bottom paper towels. Assuming multiple articles are
tested, average the
total weight differences to obtain the Moisture Retention.
MULTIPLE ARTICLE EMBODIMENT
The articles of the present invention may also be packaged individually or
with additional
articles suitable for providing separate benefits not provided by the primary
article, e.g., aesthetic,
therapeutic, functional, or otherwise, thereby forming a personal care kit.
The additional article of
this personal care kit preferably comprises a substrate sheet comprising at
least one layer and either
a cleansing component containing a surfactant or a therapeutic benefit
component disposed onto or
impregnated into that layer of the substrate of the additional article.
The additional article of the present invention may also serve a fimctional
benefit in addition
to or in lieu of a therapeutic or aesthetic benefit. For instance, the
additional article may be useful
as a drying implement suitable for use to aid in the removal of water from the
skin or hair upon
completion of a showering or bathing experience.
MULTIPLE CHAMBERED EMBODIMENT
The articles of the present invention may also comprise one or more chambers.
Such
chambers or compartments result from the connection (e.g., bonding) of the
substrate layers to one
another at various loci to define enclosed areas. These chambers are useful,
e.g., for separating
various article components from one another, e.g., the surfactant-containing
cleansing component
from a conditioning agent. The separated article components which provide a
therapeutic or
aesthetic or cleansing benefit may be released from the chambers in a variety
of ways including, but
not limited to, solubilization, emulsification, mechanical transfer,
puncturing, popping, bursting,
squeezing of the chamber or even peeling away a substrate layer which composes
a portion of the
chamber.
OPTIONAL COMPONENTS
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The articles of the present invention may contain a variety of other
components such as are
conventionally used in a given product type provided that they do not
unacceptably alter the
benefits of the invention. These optional components should be suitable for
application to human
skin and hair, that is, when incorporated into the article they are suitable
for use in contact with
human skin without undue toxicity, incompatibility, instability, allergic
response, and the like,
within the scope of sound medical or formulator's judgment. The CTFA Cosmetic
Ingredient
Handbook, Second Edition (1992) describes a wide variety of nonlimiting
cosmetic and
pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in the skin care industry, which are
suitable for use in
the articles of the present invention. Examples of these ingredient classes
include: enzymes,
abrasives, skin exfoliating agents, absorbents, aesthetic components such as
fragrances, pigments,
colorings/colorants, essential oils, skin sensates, astringents, etc. (e.g.,
clove oil, menthol, camphor,
eucalyptus oil, eugenol, menthyl lactate, witch hazel distillate), anti-acne
agents (e.g., resorcinol,
sulfur, salicylic acid, erythromycin, zinc, etc.), anti-caking agents,
antifoaming agents, additional
antimicrobial agents (e.g., iodopropyl butylcarbamate), antioxidants, binders,
biological additives,
buffering agents, bulking agents, chelating agents, chemical additives,
colorants, cosmetic
astringents, cosmetic biocides, denaturants, drug astringents, external
analgesics, film formers or
materials, e.g., polymers, for aiding the film-forming properties and
substantivity of the
composition (e.g., copolymer of eicosene and vinyl pyrrolidone), humectants,
opacifying agents, pH
adjusters, propellants, reducing agents, sequestrants, skin bleaching agents
(or lightening agents)
(e.g., hydroquinone, kojic acid, ascorbic acid, magnesium ascorbyl phosphate,
ascorbyl
glucosamine), skin soothing and/or healing agents (e.g., panthenol and
derivatives (e.g., ethyl
panthenol), aloe vera, pantothenic acid and its derivatives, allantoin,
bisabolol, and dipotassium
glycyrrhizinate), skin treating agents, including agents for preventing,
retarding, arresting, and/or
reversing skin wrinkles (e.g., alpha-hydroxy acids such as lactic acid and
glycolic acid and beta-
hydroxy acids such as salicylic acid), thickeners, hydrocolloids, particular
zeolites, and vitamins
and derivatives thereof (e.g. tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, beta carotene,
retiiioic acid, retinol,
retinoids, retinyl palinitate, niacin, niacinamide, and the like). The
articles of the present invention
may include carrier components such as are known in the art. Such carriers can
include one or
more compatible liquid or solid filler diluents or vel>icles which are
suitable for application to skin
or hair.
The articles of the present invention may optionally contain one or more of
such optional
components. Preferred articles optionally contain a safe and effective amount
oftherapeutic benefit
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
component comprising a therapeutic benefit agent selected from the group
consisting of vitamin
compounds, skin treating agents, anti-acne actives, anti-wrinkle actives, anti-
skin atrophy actives,
anti-inflammatory actives, topical anesthetics, artificial tanning actives and
accelerators, anti-
microbial actives, anti-fimgal actives, sunscreen actives, anti-oxidants, skin
exfoliating agents, and
combinations thereof. As used herein, "a safe and effective amount" means an
amount of a
compound or component sufficient to significantly induce a positive effect or
benefit, but low
enough to avoid serious side effects, (e.g., undue toxicity or allergic
reaction), i.e., to provide a
reasonable benefit to risk ratio, within the scope of sound medical judgment.
The optional components useful herein can be categorized by their therapeutic
or aesthetic
benefit or their postulated mode of action. However, it is to be understood
that the optional
components useful herein can in some instances provide more than one
therapeutic or aesthetic
benefit or operate via more than one mode of action. Therefore,
classifications herein are made for
the sake of convenience and are not intended to limit the component to that
particular application or
applications listed. Also, when applicable, the pharmaceutically-acceptable
salts of the
components are useful herein.
Vitamin Compounds
The present articles may comprise vitamin compounds, precursors, and
derivatives thereof.
These vitamin compounds may be in either natural or synthetic form. Suitable
vitamin compounds
include, but are not limited to, Vitamin A (e.g., beta carotene, retinoic
acid, retinol, retinoids,
retinyl palinitate, retinyl proprionate, etc.), Vitamin B (e.g., niacin,
niacinamide, riboflavin,
pantothenic acid, etc.), Vitamin C (e.g., ascorbic acid, etc.), Vitamin D
(e.g., ergosterol,
ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol, etc.), Vitamin E (e.g., tocopherol acetate,
etc.), and Vitamin K (e.g.,
phytonadione, menadione, phthiocol, etc.) compounds.
In particular, the articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and
effective amount
of a vitamin B3 compound. Vitamin B3 compounds are particularly useful for
regulating skin
condition as described in co-pending U. S. Application Serial No. 08/834,010,
filed April 1l, 1997
(corresponding to international publication WO 97/39733 Al, published October
30, 1997) which
is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The therapeutic component
of the present
invention preferably comprise from about 0.01% to about 50%, more preferably
from about 0.1%
to about IO%, even more preferably from about 0.5% to about IO%, and still
more preferably from
about 1% to about 5%, most preferably from about 2% to about 5%, ofthe vitamin
B3 compound.
As used herein, "vitamin B3 compound" means a compound having the formula:
38
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
~a
wherein R is - CONH2 (i.e., niacinamide), - C00H (i.e., nicotinic acid) or -
CH20H (i.e., nicotinyl
alcohol); derivatives thereof; and salts of any of the foregoing.
Exemplary derivatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds include nicotinic
acid
esters, including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid, nicotinyl amino
acids, nicotinyl alcohol
esters of carboxylic acids, nicotinic acid N-oxide and niacinamide N-oxide.
Examples of suitable vitamin B3 compounds are well known in the art and are
commercially available from a number of sources, e.g., the Sigma Chemical
Company (St. Louis,
MO); ICN Biomedicals, Inc. (Irvin, CA) and Aldrich Chemical Company
(Milwaukee, WI).
The vitamin compounds may be included as the substantially pure material, or
as an
extract obtained by suitable physical and/or chemical isolation from natural
(e.g., plant) sources.
Skin Treating Agents
The articles of the present invention may contain one or more skin treating
agents.
Suitable skin treating agents include those effective for preventing,
retarding, arresting, and/or
reversing skin wrinkles. Examples of suitable skin treating agents include,
but are not limited to,
alpha hydroxy acids such as lactic acid and glycolic acid and beta hydroxy
acids such as salicylic
acid.
Anti-Acne Actives
Examples of useful anti-acne actives for the axticles of the present invention
include, but
are not limited to, the keratolytics such as salicylic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic
acid), derivatives of
salicylic acid such as 5-octanoyl salicylic acid, and resorcinol; retinoids
such as retinoic acid and
its derivatives (e.g., cis and traps); sulfur-containing D and L amino acids
and their derivatives and
salts, particularly their N-acetyl derivatives, a preferred example of which
is N-acetyl-L-cysteine;
lipoic acid; antibiotics and antimicrobials such as benzoyl peroxide,
octopirox, tetracycline, 2,4,4'-
trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether, 3,4,4' trichlorobanilide, azelaic acid
and its derivatives,
phenoxyethanol, phenoxypropanol, phenoxyisopropanol, ethyl acetate,
clindamycin and
meclocycline; sebostats such as flavonoids; and bile salts such as scymnol
sulfate and its
derivatives, deoxycholate, and cholate.
Anti-Wrinkle and Anti-Skin Atrophy Actives
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WO 01/54661 PCT/USO1/02468
Examples of anti-wrinkle and anti-skin atrophy actives useful for the articles
of the present
invention include, but are not limited to, retinoic acid and its derivatives
(e.g., cis and trans);
retinol; retinyl esters; niacinamide, salicylic acid and derivatives thereof;
sulfur-containing D and L
amino acids and their derivatives and salts, particularly the N-acetyl
derivatives, a preferred
example of which is N-acetyl-L-cysteine; thiols, e.g., ethane thiol; hydroxy
acids, phytic acid, lipoic
acid; lysophosphatidic acid, and skin peel agents (e.g., phenol and the like).
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Actives (NSAIDS)
Examples of NSAIDS useful for the articles of the present invention include,
but are not
limited to, the following categories: propionic acid derivatives; acetic acid
derivatives; fenamic acid
derivatives; biphenylcaxboxylic acid derivatives; and oxicams. All of these
NSAIDS axe fully
described in U. S. Patent 4,985,459 to Sunshine et al., issued January 15,
1991, incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety. Examples of useful NSAIDS include acetyl
salicylic acid,
ibuprofen, naproxen, benoxaprofen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, fenbufen,
ketoprofen, indoprofen,
pirprofen, carprofen, oxaprozin, pranoprofen, miroprofen, tioxaprofen,
suprofen, alininoprofen,
tiaprofenic acid, fluprofen and bucloxic acid. Also useful are the steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs
including hydrocortisone and the like.
Topical Anesthetics
Examples of topical anesthetic drugs useful for the articles of the present
invention include,
but are not limited to, benzocaine, lidocaine, bupivacaine, chlorprocaine,
dibucaine, etidocaine,
mepivacaine, tetracaine, dyclonine, hexylcaine, procaine, cocaine, ketamine,
pramoxine, phenol,
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Artificial Taamin~ Actives and Accelerators
Examples of artificial tanning actives and accelerators useful for the
articles of the present
invention include, but are not limited to, dihydroxyacetaone, tyrosine,
tyrosilie esters such as ethyl
tyrosinate, and phospho-DOPA.
Antimicrobial and Antifun~al Actives
Examples of antimicrobial and antifungal actives useful for the articles of
the present
invention include, but are not limited to, 13-lactam drugs, quinolone drugs,
ciprofloxacin,
norfloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, amikacin, 2,4,4' trichloro-2'-hydroxy
diphenyl ether, 3,4,4'-
trichlorocarbanilide, phenoxyethanol, phenoxy propanol, phenoxyisopropanol,
doxycycline,
capreomycin, chlorhexidine, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, clindamycin,
ethambutol,
hexamidine isethionate, metronidazole, pentamidine, gentamicin, kanamycin,
lineomycin,
CA 02396627 2002-07-08
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methacycline, methenamine, minocycline, neomycin, netilinicin, paromomycin,
streptomycin,
tobramycin, miconazole, tetracycline hydrochloride, erythromycin, zinc
erythromycin, erythromycin
estolate, erythromycin stearate, amikacin sulfate, doxycycline hydrochloride,
capreomycin sulfate,
chlorhe~dine gluconate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, chlortetracycline
hydrochloride, oxytetra-
cycline hydrochloride, clindamycin hydrochloride, ethambutol hydrochloride,
metronidazole
hydrochloride, pentamidine hydrochloride, gentamicin sulfate, kanamycin
sulfate, lineomycin
hydrochloride, methacycline hydrochloride, methenamine hippurate, methenamiiie
mandelate,
minocycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, netilinicin sulfate, paromomycin
sulfate, streptomycin
sulfate, tobramycin sulfate, miconazole hydrochloride, amanfadine
hydrochloride, amanfadine
sulfate, octopirox, parachlorometa xylenol, nystatin, tolnaftate, zinc
pyrithione and clotrimazole.
Anti-viral Agents
The articles of the present invention may further comprise one or more anti-
viral agents.
Suitable anti-viral agents include, but are not limited to, metal salts (e.g.,
silver nitxate, copper
sulfate, iron chloride, etc.) and organic acids (e.g., malic acid, salicylic
acid, succinic acid, benzoic
acid, etc.). In particular compositions which contain additional suitable anti-
viral agents include
those described in copending U. S. patent applications Serial Nos. 09/421,084
(Beerse et al.) ;
09/421,131 (Biedermann et al.); 09/420,646 (Morgan et al.); and 09/421,179
(Page et al.), which
were each filed on October 19, 1999.
Enz es
The article of the present invention may optionally include one or more
enzymes.
Preferably, such enzymes. are dermatologically acceptable. Suitable enzymes
include, but are not
limited to, keratinase, protease, amylase, subtilisin, etc..
Sunscreen Actives
Also useful herein are sunscreening actives. A wide variety of sunscreening
agents are
described in U.S. Patent No. 5,087,445, to Haffey et al., issued February 11,
1992; U.S. Patent
No. 5,073,372, to Turner et al., issued December 17, 1991; U.S. Patent No.
5,073,371, to Turner
et al. issued December 17, 1991; and Segarin, et al., at Chapter VIII, pages
189 et seq., of
Cosmetics Science and Technolo~y, all of which are incorporated herein by
reference in their
entirety. Nonlimiting examples of sunscreens which are useful in the
compositions of the present
invention are those selected from the group consisting of 2-ethylhexyl p-
methoxycinnamate, 2-
ethylhexyl N,N-dimethyl p-aminobenzoate, p-aminobenzoic acid, 2-
phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic
acid, octocrylene, oxybenzone, homomenthyl salicylate, octyl salicylate, 4,4'-
methoxy t-
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butyldibenzoylinethane, 4-isopropyl dibenzoylinethane, 3-benzylidene camphor,
3-(4-
methylbenzylidene) camphor, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silica, iron oxide,
and mixtures thereof.
Still other useful sunscreens are those disclosed in U.S. Patent No.
4,937,370, to Sabatelli, issued
June 26, 1990; and U.S. Patent No. 4,999,186, to Sabatelli et al., issued
March 12, 1991; these
two references are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Especially preferred examples
of these sunscreens include those selected from the group consisting of 4-N,N-
(2-
ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 4-N,N-
(2-
ethylhexyl)methylaminobenzoic acid ester with 4-hydroxydibenzoylinethane, 4-
N,N- (2-ethylhexyl)-
methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 2-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzophenone, 4-
N,N-(2-
ethylhexyl)-methylaminobenzoic acid ester of 4-(2-
hydroxyethoxy)dibenzoyhnethane, and mixtures
thereof. Exact amounts of sunscreens which can be employed will vary depending
upon the
sunscreen chosen and the desired Sun Protection Factor (SPF) to be achieved.
SPF is a commonly
used measure of photoprotection of a sunscreen against erythema. See Federal
Re ig-ster, Vol. 43,
No. 166, pp. 38206-38269, August 25, 1978, which is incorporated herein by
reference in its
entirety.
Hydrocolloids
Hydrocolloids may also be optionally included in the articles of the present
invention.
Hydrocolloids are well known in the art and are helpful in extending the
useful life of the
surfactants contained in the cleansing component of the present invention such
that the articles may
last throughout at least one entire showering or bathing experience. Suitable
hydrocolloids include,
but are not limited to, xanthan gum, caxboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose,
hydroxylpropyl cellulose, methyl and ethyl cellulose, natural gums, gudras
guar gum, bean gum,
natural starches, deionitized starches (e.g., starch octenyl succinate) and
the like.
Exothermic Zeolites
Zeolites and other compounds which react exothermically when combined with
water may
also be optionally included in the articles of the present invention.
Oil-soluble Polymeric Gelling Agents
The articles of present invention preferably comprise one or more polymeric
materials
which are oil-soluble and form a gel with hydrophobic materials (e.g. oils) of
the therapeutic benefit
component. Such polymers are beneficial for structuring these materials
resulting in flexible gels
with improved stability and shear-resistance.
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When a hydrophobic gel is present, the articles preferably comprise from about
0.05% to
about 100%, by weight of the substrate sheet, more preferably from about 0.1 %
to about 20%, and
most preferably from about 1% to about 10%, of an oil-soluble polymeric
gelling agent, calculated
based on the dry weight of the polymeric gelling agent.
Particularly suitable are at least partially cross-linked oil-soluble
polymeric materials with
a softening point < 160° C. Suitable materials come from the chemical
groups of PE
(polyethylenes), PVA (polyvinyl alcohols) and derivatives, PVP
(polyvinylpyrrolidones) and
derivatives, PVP/Alkene Copolymers, PVP/VA copolymers, PVM/MA (methyl vinyl
ethex/maleic
anhydride) copolymers and their esters and ethers, particularly poly (alkyl
vinyl ether-co-malefic
anhydride) copolymers, ethylene/VA copolymers, styrene/isoprene,
styrene/ethylene/butylene,
styrene/ethylene/propylene, styrene/ethylene/butylene/styrene and
styrene/butadiene copolymers.
Suitable materials are available e.g. from Dupont (ELVAX~ types), BASF
(LUVISKOL~ types),
Shell (I~RATON~ polymers) and ISP (PVP, GANTREZ~ and GANEX~ types).
Hydrogel Forming Polymeric Gellin~A~ents
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the articles may optionally
comprise an
aqueous gel, i.e., a "hydrogel", formed from a hydrogel forming polymeric
gelling agent and water.
More specifically, the hydrogel is contained within the cleansing component or
the therapeutic
benefit component of the article. When an aqueous gel is present, the articles
preferably comprise
from about 0.1 % to about 100%, by weight of the water insoluble substrate,
more preferably from
about 3% to about 50%, and most preferably from about 5% to about 35%, of a
hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent, calculated based on the dry weight of the hydrogel
forming polymeric
gelling agent.
In general, the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent materials of the
present invention
are at least partially crosslinked polymers prepared from polymerizable,
unsaturated acid-
containing monomers which are water-soluble or become water-soluble upon
hydrolysis. These
include monoethylenically unsaturated compounds having at least one
hydrophilic radical, including
(but not limited to) olefixiically unsaturated acids and anhydrides which
contain at least one carbon-
carbon olefinic double bond. With respect to these monomers, water-soluble
means that the
monomer is soluble in deionized water at 25°C at a level of at least
0.2%, preferably at least 1.0%.
Upon polymerization, monomeric units as described above will generally
constitute from
about 25 mole percent to 99.99 mole percent, more preferably from about 50
mole percent to 99.99
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mole percent, most preferably at least about 75 mole percent of the polymeric
gelling agent material
(dry polymer weight basis), of acid-containing monomers.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent herein is partially crosslinked
to a sufficient
degree preferably that is high enough such that the resulting polymer does not
exhibit a glass
transition temperature (Tg) below about 140°C, and accordingly, the
term "hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent," as used herein, shall mean polymers meeting this
parameter. Preferably
the hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent does not have a Tg below about
180°C, and more
preferably does not have a Tg prior to decomposition of the polymer, at
temperatures of about
300°C or higher. The Tg can be determined by differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC) conducted
at a heating rate of 20.0 C°/minute with 5 mg or smaller samples. The
Tg is calculated as the
midpoint between the onset and endset of heat flow change corresponding to the
glass transition on
the DSC heat capacity heating curve. The use of DSC to determine Tg is well
known in the art,
and is described by B. Cassel and M. P. DiVito in "Use of DSC To Obtain
Accurate
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Data", American Laboratory, January 1994, pp 14-19,
and by B.
Wunderlich in Thermal Anal, Academic Press, Inc., 1990.
The hydrogel forming polymeric material is characterized as highly absorbent
and able to
retain water in its absorbed or "gel" state. Preferred hydrogel forming
polymeric gelling agent
hereof will be able to absorb at least about 40 g water (deionized) per gram
of gelling agent,
preferably at least about 60 g/g, more preferably at least about 80 g/g. These
values, referred to as
"Absorptive Capacity" herein can be determined according to the procedure in
the Absorptive
Capacity "Tea Bag" test described above.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agent hereof will, in general, be at
least partially
crosslinked. Suitable cross-linking agents are well know in the art and
include, for example, (1)
compounds having at least two polymerizable double bonds; (2) compounds having
at least one
polymerizable double bond and at least one functional group reactive with the
acid-containing
monomer material; (3) compounds having at least two functional groups reactive
with the acid-
containing monomer material; and (4) polyvalent metal compounds wluch can form
ionic cross-
linkages.
Cross-linking agents having at least two polymerizable double bonds include
(i) di- or
polyvinyl compounds such as divinylbenzene and divinyltoluene; (ii) di- or
poly-esters of
wisatuxated mono- or poly-carboxylic acids with polyols including, for
example, di- or triacrylic
acid esters of polyols such as ethylene glycol, trimethylol propane,
glycerine, or polyoxyethylene
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glycols; (iii) bisacrylamides such as N,N-methylenebisacrylamide; (iv)
carbamyl esters that can be
obtained by reacting polyisocyanates with hydroxyl group-containing monomers;
(v) di- or poly-
allyl ethers of polyols; (vi) di- or poly-allyl esters of polycarboxylic acids
such as diallyl phthalate,
diallyl adipate, and the like; (vii) esters of unsaturated mono- or poly-
carboxylic acids with mono-
allyl esters of polyols such as acrylic acid ester of polyethylene glycol
monoallyl ether; and (viii) di-
or tri-allyl amine.
Cross-linlang agents having at least one polymerizable double bond and at
least one
functional group reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include N-
methylol
acrylamide, glycidyl acrylate, and the like. Suitable cross-linking agents
having at least two
functional groups reactive with the acid-containing monomer material include
glyoxal; polyols such
as ethylene glycol and glycerol; polyamines such as allcylene diamines (e.g.,
ethylene diamine),
polyallcylene polyamines, polyepoxides, di- or polyglycidyl ethers and the
like. Suitable polyvalent
metal cross-linking agents which can form ionic cross-linkages include oxides,
hydroxides and
weak acid salts (e.g., carbonate, acetate and the like) of alkaline earth
metals (e.g., calcium;
magnesium) and zinc, including, for example, calcium oxide and zinc diacetate.
Cross-linking agents of many of the foregoing types are described in greater
detail in
Masuda et al., U. S. Patent 4,076,663, issued February 28, 1978, and Allen et
al., U. S. Patent
4,861,539, issued August 29, 1989, both incorporated herein by reference.
Preferred cross-linking
agents include the di- or polyesters of unsaturated mono- or polycarboxylic
acids mono-allyl esters
of polyols, the bisacrylamides, and the di- or tri-allyl amines. Specific
examples of especially
preferred cross-linking agents include N,N'-methylenebisacrylaxnide and
trimethylol propane
triacrylate.
The cross-linking agent will generally constitute from about 0.001 mole
percent to 5 mole
percent of the resulting hydrogel-forming polymeric material. More generally,
the cross-linking
agent will constitute from about 0.01 mole percent to 3 mole percent of the
hydrogel-forming
polymeric gelling agent used herein.
The hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents hereof may be employed in their
partially
neutralized form. For purposes of this invention, such materials are
considered partially
neutralized when at least 25 mole percent, and preferably at least 50 mole
percent of monomers
used to form the polymer are acid group-containing monomers which have been
neutralized with a
base. Suitable neutralizing bases canons include hydroxides of alkali and
allcaline earth metal (e.g.
KOH, NaOH), ammonium, substituted ammonium, and amines such as amino alcohols
(e.g., 2-
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amino-2 methyl-1,3 propanediol, diethanolamine, and 2-amino-2 methyl-1
propanol. This
percentage of the total monomers utilized which are neutralized acid group-
containing monomers is
referred to herein as the "degree of neutralization." The degree of
neutralization will preferably not
exceed 98%.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein are well
known in the
art, and are described, for example, in U. S. Patent 4,076,663, Masuda et al.,
issued February 28,
1978; U. S. Patent 4,062,817, Westerman, issued December 13, 1977; U. S.
Patent 4,286,082,
Tsubakimoto et al., issued August 25, 1981; U. S. Patent 5,061,259, Goldman et
al., issued
Octobex 29, 1991, and U. S. Patent 4,654,039, Brandt et al., issued March 31,
1987 each of which
is incorporated herein in its entirety.
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents suitable for use herein axe also
described in U.
S. Patent 4,731,067, Le-Khac, issued March 15, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,743,244,
Le-Khac, issued
May 10, 1988, U. S. Patent 4,813,945, Le-Khac, issued March 21, 1989, U. S.
Patent 4,880,868,
Le-Khac, issued November 14, 1989, U. S. Patent 4,892,533, Le-Khac, issued
January 9, 1990, U.
S. Patent 5,026,784, Le-Khac, issued June 25, 1991, U. S. Patent 5,079,306, Le-
I~hac, issued
January 7, 1992, U. S. Patent 5,151,465, Le-Khac, issued September 29, 1992,
U. S. Patent
4,861,539, Allen, Fairer, and Flesher, issued August 29, 1989, and U. S.
Patent 4,962,172, Allen,
Farrer, and Flesher, issued October 9, 1990, each of which is incorporated
herein by reference in its
entirety.
Suitable hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of particles
are
commercially available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Portsmouth, VA, USA
(SanwetT""
Superabsorbent Polymers) Nippon Shokubai, Japan (AqualicT"", e.g., L-75, L-76)
and Dow
Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA (Dry TechT"").
Hydrogel forming polymeric gelling agents in the form of fibers are
commercially available
from Camelot Technologies Ine., Leominster, MA, USA (FibersorbT"", e.g., SA
7200H, SA 7200M,
SA 7000L, SA 7000, and SA 7300).
The articles of the present invention may also contain other hydrophilic
gelling agents.
These include carboxylic acid-containing polymers as otherwise described
above, except which
have relatively lower degrees of crosslinking, such that they exhibit a Tg
below 140°C, as well as a
variety of other water soluble or colloidally water soluble polymers, such as
cellulose ethers (e.g.
hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxy propylinethyl cellulose),
polyvinylpyrrolidone,
polyvinylalcohol, guar gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum and xanthan gum. Preferred
among these
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additional hydrophilic gelling agents are the acid-containing polymers,
particularly carboxylic acid-
containing polymers. Especially preferred are those that comprise water-
soluble polymer of acrylic
acid crosslinked with a polyalkenyl polyether of a polyhydric alcohol, and
optionally an acrylate
ester or a polyfunctional vinylidene monomer.
Preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are polymers of a
rnonomeric mixture
containing 95 to 99 weight percent of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic
monomer selected from
the group consisting of acrylic, methacrylic and ethacrylic acids; about 1 to
about 3.5 weight
percent of an acrylate ester of the formula:
R1 O
CH2=C-C-O-R
wherein R is an alkyl radical containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and Rl is
hydrogen, methyl or
ethyl; and 0.1 to 0.6 weight percent of a polymerizable cross-linking
polyalkenyl polyether of a
polyhydric alcohol containing more than one alkenyl ether group per molecule
wherein the parent
polyhydric alcohol contains at least 3 carbon atoms and at least 3 hydroxyl
groups.
Preferably, these polymers contain from about 96 to about 97.9 weight percent
of acrylic
acid and from about 2.5 to about 3.5 weight percent of acrylic esters wherein
the alkyl group
contains 12 to 22 carbon atoms, and Rl is methyl, most preferably the acrylate
ester is stearyl
methacrylate. Preferably, the amount of crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether
monomer is from about
0.2 to 0.4 weight percent. The preferred crosslinking polyalkenyl polyether
monomers are allyl
pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane diallylether or allyl sucrose. These
polymers axe fully described
in U. S. Patent No. 4,509,949, to Huang et al., issued April 5, 1985, this
patent being incorporated
herein by reference.
Other preferred copolymers useful in the present invention are the polymers
which contain
at least two monomeric ingredients, one being a monomeric olefinically-
unsaturated carboxylic
acid, and the other being a polyallcenyl, polyether of a polyhydric alcohol.
Additional monomeric
materials may be present in the monomeric mixture if desired, even in
predominant proportion.
The first monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are
the olefinically-unsaturated carboxylic acids containing at least one
activated carbon to-carbon
olefinic double bond, and at least one carboxyl group. The preferred
carboxylic monomers are the
acrylic acids having the general structure
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R2
I
CHZ=C-COOH
wherein R2 is a substituent selected from the class consisting of hydrogen,
halogen, and the
cyanogen (-C=N) groups, monovalent alkyl radicals, monovalent allcaryl
radicals and monovalent
cycloaliphatic radicals. Of this class, acrylic, methacrylic, and ethacrylic
acid are most preferred.
Another usefu.I carboxylic monomer is malefic anhydride or the acid. The
amount of acid used will
be from about 95.5 to about 98.9 weight percent.
The second monomeric ingredient useful in the production of these carboxylic
polymers are
the polyalkenyl polyethers having more than one alkenyl ether grouping per
molecule, such as
alkenyl groups in which an olefinic double bond is present attached to a
terminal methylene
grouping, CH2=C<.
The additional monomeric materials which may be present in the polymers
include
polyfimctional vinylidene monomers containing at least two terminal CH2<
groups, including for
example, butadiene, isoprene, divinyl benzene, divinyl naphthlene, allyl
acrylates, and the like.
These polymers are fully described in U. S. Patent No. 2,798,053, to Brown,
issued July 2, 1957,
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
Examples of carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include
Carbomer
934, Carbomer 941, Carbomer 950, Carbomer 951, Carbomer 954, Carbomer 980,
Carbomer 981,
Carbomer 1342, acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate cross polymer (available as
Carbopol 934,
Carbopol 941, Carbopol 950, Carbopol 951, Carbopol 954, Carbopol 980, Carbopol
981,
Carbopol 1342, and the Pemulen series, respectively, from B. F. Goodrich).
Other carboxylic acid copolymers useful in the present invention include
sodium salts of
acrylic acid/acrylamide copolymers sold by the Hoechst Celanese Corporation
under the trademark
of Hostaceren PN73. Also included are the hydrogel polymers sold by Lipo
Chemicals Inc. under
the trademark of HYPAN hydrogels. These hydrogels consist of crystalline
plicks of nitrates on a
C-C backbone with various other pendant groups such as carboxyls, amides, and
amidines. An
example would include HYPAN SA 100 H, a polymer powder available from Lipo
Chemical.
Neutralizing agents for use in neutralizing the acidic groups of these
polymers include
those previously described.
Cationic Surfactants
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Cationic surfactants are typically categorized as non-lathering surfactants
but may be used
in the articles of the present invention provided they do not negatively
impact the desired benefits
ofthe articles.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein are disclosed in
McCutcheon's,
Detergents and Emulsifiers, North American edition (1986), published by
allured Publishing
Corporation; and McCutcheon's, Functional Materials, North American Edition
(1992); both of
which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
Nonlimiting examples of cationic surfactants useful herein include cationic
alkyl
ammonium salts such as those having the formula:
Rl R2 R3 R4 N+ X_
wherein Rl, is selected from an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms, or
aromatic, aryl or alkaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R2, R3, and R4
are independently selected from hydrogen, an alkyl group having from about 1
to about 18 carbon
atoms, or aromatic, aryl or allcaryl groups having from about 12 to about 18
carbon atoms; and X
is an anion selected from chloride, bromide, iodide, acetate, phosphate,
nitrate, sulfate, methyl
sulfate, ethyl sulfate, tosylate, lactate, citrate, glycolate, and mixtures
thereof. Additionally, the
alkyl groups can also contain ether linkages, or hydroxy or amino group
substituents (e.g., the
alkyl groups can contain polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol
moieties).
More preferably, Rl is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about I8 carbon
atoms; R2
is selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 18 carbon
atoms; R3 and Rq. are
independently selected from H or an allcyl group having from about 1 to about
3 carbon atoms; and
X is as described in the previous paragraph.
Most preferably, Rl is an alkyl group having from about 12 to about 18 caxbon
atoms;
R2, R3, and Rq. are selected from H or an alkyl group having from about 1 to
about 3 carbon
atoms; and X is as described previously.
Alternatively, other useful cationic surfactants include amino-amides, wherein
in the above
structure RI is alternatively RSCO-(CH2)n -, wherein RS is an alkyl group
having from about 12
to about 22 caxbon atoms, and n is an integer from about 2 to about 6, more
preferably from about
2 to about 4, and most preferably from about 2 to about 3. Nonlimiting
examples of these cationic
emulsifiers include stearamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate,
stearamidopropyl
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ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl dimethyl (myristyl acetate)
ammonium chloride,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium tosylate, stearamidopropyl
dimethyl ammonium
chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl airunonium lactate, and mixtures thereof.
Nonlimiting examples of quaternary ammonium salt cationic surfactants include
those
selected from the group consisting of cetyl ammonium chloride, cetyl ammonium
bromide, lauryl
ammonium chloride, lauryl ammonium bromide, stearyl ammonium chloride, stearyl
ammonium
bromide, cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl dimethyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, lauryl dimethyl ammonium bromide, stearyl dimethyl ammonium
chloride,
stearyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, cetyl
trimethyl
ammonium bromide, lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonum
bromide,
stearyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, stearyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,
lauryl dimethyl
ammonium chloride, stearyl dimethyl cetyl ditallow dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dicetyl
ammonium chloride, dicetyl ammonium bromide, dilauryl ammonium chloride,
dilauryl ammonium
bromide, distearyl ammonium chloride, distearyl ammonium bromide, dicetyl
methyl ammonium
chloride, dicetyl methyl ammonium bromide, dilauryl methyl ammonium chloride,
dilauryl methyl
ammonium bromide, distearyl methyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl
ammonium chloride,
distearyl methyl ammonium bromide, and mixtures thereof. Additional quaternary
ammonium
salts include those wherein the C 12 to C22 alkyl carbon chain is derived from
a tallow fatty acid or
from a coconut fatty acid. The term "tallow" refers to an alkyl group derived
from tallow fatty
acids (usually hydrogenated tallow fatty acids), which generally have mixtures
of alkyl chains in
the C16 to C18 range. The term "coconut" refers to an allcyl group derived
from a coconut fatty
acid, which generally have mixtures of allcyl chains in the C 12 to C 14
range. Examples of
quaternary ammonium salts derived from these tallow and coconut sources
include ditallow
dimethyl ammonium chloride, ditallow dimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate,
di(hydrogenated
tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(hydrogenated tallow) dimethyl ammonium
acetate,
ditallow dipropyl ammonium phosphate, ditallow dimethyl ammonium nitrate,
di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride, di(coconutalkyl)dimethyl ammonium
bromide,
tallow ammonium chloride, coconut ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl PG-
dimonium chloride
phosphate, stearamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl
dimethyl (myristyl
acetate) ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl cetearyl ammonium
tosylate,
stearamidopropyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethyl
ammonium lactate, and
mixtures thereof.
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Preferred cationic surfactants useful herein include those selected from the
group consisting
of dilauryl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride,
dimyristyl
dimethyl ammonium chloride, dipalinityl dimethyl ammonium chloride, distearyl
dimethyl
ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
Chelators
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of a
chelator or chelating agent. As used herein, "chelator" or "chelating agent"
means an active agent
capable of removing a metal ion from a system by forming a complex so that the
metal ion cannot
readily participate in or catalyze chemical reactions. The inclusion of a
chelating agent is
especially useful for providing protection against UV radiation that can
contribute to excessive
scaling or skin texture changes and against other environmental agents, which
can cause skin
damage.
A safe and effective amount of a chelating agent may be added to the
compositions of the
subject invention, preferably from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably
from about 1% to
about 5%, of the composition. Exemplary chelatoxs that are useful herein are
disclosed in U.S.
Patent No. 5,487,884, issued 1/30/96 to Bissett et al.; International
Publication No. 91/16035,
Bush et al., published 10/31/95; and International Publication No. 91116034,
Bush et al., published
10/31/95. Preferred chelators useful in compositions of the subject invention
are furildioxime and
derivatives thereof.
Flavonoids
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise a flavonoid
compound.
Flavonoids are broadly disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,686,082 and 5,686,367, both
of which are
herein incorporated by reference. Flavonoids suitable for use in the present
invention are
flavanones selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted flavanones,
mono-substituted
flavanones, and mixtures thereof; chalcones selected from the group consisting
of unsubstituted
chalcones, mono-substituted chalcones, di-substituted chalcones, tri-
substituted chalcones, and
mixtures thereof; flavones selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted
flavones, mono-
substituted flavones, di-substituted flavones, and mixtures thereof; one or
more isoflavones;
coumaxins selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted coumarins, mono-
substituted
coumarins, di-substituted coumarins, and mixtuxes thereof; chromones selected
from the group
consisting of unsubstituted chromones, mono-substituted chromones, di-
substituted chromones, and
mixtures thereof; one or more dicoumarols; one or more chromanones; one or
more chromanols;
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isomers (e.g., cis/trans isomers) thereof; and mixtures thereof. By the term
"substituted" as used
herein means flavonoids wherein one or more hydrogen atom of the flavonoid has
been
independently replaced with hydroxyl, C1-C8 allcyl, Cl-C4 alkoxyl, O-
glycoside, and the like or a
mixture of these substituents.
Examples of suitable flavonoids include, but are not limited to, unsubstituted
flavanone,
mono hydroxy flavanones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy flavanone, 6-hydroxy flavanone, 7-
hydroxy flavanone,
etc.), mono-alkoxy flavanones (e.g., 5-methoxy flavanone, 6-methoxy flavanone,
7-methoxy
flavanone, 4'-methoxy flavanone, etc.), unsubstituted chalcone (especially
unsubstituted trans-
chalcone), mono-hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2'-hydroxy chalcone, 4'-hydroxy
chalcone, etc.), di-
hydroxy chalcones (e.g., 2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',4'-dihydroxy chalcone,
2,2'-dihydroxy
chalcone, 2',3-dihydroxy chalcone, 2',5'-dihydroxy chalcone, etc.), and tri-
hydroxy chalcones (e.g.,
2',3',4'-trihydroxy chalcone, 4,2',4' trihydroxy chalcone, 2,2',4' trihydroxy
chalcone, etc.),
unsubstituted flavone, 7,2'-dihydroxy flavone, 3',4'-dihydroxy naphthoflavone,
4'-hydroxy flavone,
5,6-benzoflavone, and 7,8-benzoflavone, unsubstituted isoflavone, daidzein
(7,4'-dihydroxy
isoflavone), 5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxy isoflavone, soy isoflavones (a mixture
extracted from soy),
unsubstituted coumarin, 4-hydroxy coumarin, 7-hydroxy coumarin, 6-hydroxy-4-
methyl coumarin,
unsubstituted chromone, 3-formyl chromone, 3-formyl-6-isopropyl chromone,
unsubstituted
dicoumarol, unsubstituted chromanone, unsubstituted chromanol, and mixtures
thereof.
Preferred for use herein are unsubstituted flavanone, methoxy flavanones,
unsubstituted
chalcone, 2', 4-dihydroxy chalcone, and mixtures thereof Most preferred are
unsubstituted
flavanone, unsubstituted chalcone (especially the trans isomer), and mixtures
thereof.
They can be synthetic materials or obtained as extracts from natural sources
(e.g., plants).
The naturally sourced material can also further be derivatized (e.g., a
glycoside, an ester or an ether
derivative prepared following extraction from a natural source). Flavonoid
compounds useful
herein are commercially available from a number of sources, e.g., Indofine
Chemical Company,
Inc. (Somerville, New Jersey), Steraloids, Inc. (Wilton, New Hampshire), and
Aldrich Chemical
Company, Inc. (Milwaukee, Wisconsin).
Mixtures ofthe above flavonoid compounds may also be used.
The herein described flavonoid compounds are preferably present in the instant
invention at
concentrations of from about 0.01% to about 20%, more preferably from about
0.1% to about
10%, and most preferably from about 0.5% to about 5%.
Sterols
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The articles of the present invention may comprise a safe and effective amount
of one or
more sterol compounds. Examples of useful sterol compounds include sitosterol,
stigmasterol,
campesterol, brassicasterol, Ianosterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and mixtures
thereof. These can be
synthetic in origin or from natural sources, e.g., blends extracted from plant
sources (e.g.,
phytosterols).
Anti-Cellulite Aeents
The articles of the present invention may also comprise a safe and effective
amount of an
anti-cellulite agent. Suitable agents may include, but axe not limited to,
xanthine compounds (e.g.,
caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, and aminophylline).
Skin Lightening Agents
The articles of the present invention may comprise a skin lightening agent.
When used, the
compositions preferably comprise from about 0.1% to about 10%, more preferably
from about
0.2% to about 5%, also preferably from about 0.5% to about 2%, by weight of
the composition, of
a skin lightening agent. Suitable skin lightening agents include those known
in the art, including
kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid and derivatives thereof, e.g., magnesium
ascorbyl phosphate or
sodium ascorbyl phosphate or other salts of ascorbyl phosphate. Skin
lightening agents suitable for
use herein also include those described in copending patent application Serial
No. 08/479,935, filed
on June 7, 1995 in the name of HiIIebrand, corresponding to PCT Application
No. U.S. 95/07432,
filed 6/12/95; and copending patent application Serial No. 08/390,152, filed
on February 24, 1995
in the names of Kalla L. Kvalnes, Mitchell A. DeLong, Barton J. Bradbury,
Curtis B. Motley, and
Jolm D. Carter, corresponding to PCT Application No. U.S. 95/02809, filed
3/1/95, published
9/8/95.
Binders
The articles of the present invention may optionally comprise binders. Binders
or binding
materials are useful for sealing the vaxious layers of the present articles to
one another thereby
maintaining the integrity of the article. The binders may be in a variety of
forms including, but not
limited to, spray on, webs, separate layers, binding fibers, etc. Suitable
binders may comprise
latexes, polyamides, polyesters, polyolefins and combinations thereof.
Additional Layers
In another embodiment, the article of the present invention may comprise one
or more
additional layers which one having ordinary skill in the art would recognize
as separate and distinct
from the first and second substrate layers yet which are attached to these
layers at some point. The
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additional layers are suitable for enhancing the overall grippability of the
side of the article closest
to the hand or other means for exerting mechanical action on the surface to be
cleansed and
therapeutically treated. Also, the additional layers are suitable for
enhancing the soft feel of the
side of the article which contacts the area to be cleansed and therapeutically
treated. In any
instance, these additional layers may also be referred to as consecutively
numbered layers in
addition to the two essential layers of the articles of the present invention,
e.g., third layer, fourth
layer, etc..
Suitable additional layers may comprise those materials which are disclosed
above as
suitable for the first and second substrate layers. Other materials suitable
for any additional layers
may be those that are macroscopically expanded or embossed. As used herein,
"macroscopically
expanded, refers to webs, ribbons, and films which have been caused to conform
to the surface of a
three-dimensional forming structure so that both surfaces thereof exhibit a
three-dimensional
forming pattern of surface aberrations corresponding to the macroscopic cross-
section of the
forming structure, wherein the surface aberrations comprising the pattern are
individually
discernible to the normal naked eye (i.e., normal naked eye having 20/20
vision) when the
perpendicular distance between the viewer's eye and the plane of the web is
about 12 inches.
As used herein, "embossed" it is meant that the forming structure of the
material exhibits a
pattern comprised primarily of male projections. On the other hand, "debossed"
refers to when the
forming structure of the material exhibits a pattern comprised primarily of
female capillary
networks.
Preferred macroscopically expanded films comprise formed filins which are
structural
elastic-like films. These films are described in U. S. Patent No. 5,554,145,
issued September 10,
1996, to Roe et al., which is incorporated by reference herein in its
entirety.
Materials suitable for use in the additional layer having a thickness of at
least one
millimeter include, but are not limited to, those web materials disclosed in
U. S. Patent No.
5,518,801, issued to Chappell et al. on May 21, 1996, which is incorporated by
reference herein in
its entirety.
METHODS OF MANUFACTURE
The personal care articles of the present invention are manufactured by adding
the
cleansing component to the first and/or second substrate layers via a
conventional method which
may include, but is not limited to, sprinkling, dip coating, spraying, slot
coating, and roll transfer
(e.g., pressure roll or kiss roll). The first and second layers are then
placed on top of one another.
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The layers are sealed together by a conventional sealing method which may
include, but is not
limited to, heat, pressure, glue, ultrasound, etc. Heat sealing devices vary
in design, and where a
seal may not be able to be effected an interposing layer of a low-melting heat-
sealable fibrous web
such as the polyamide fibrous web known as Wonder Under (manufactured by
Pellon, available
from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL) may be used between layers for this and
other examples
without changing the effect or utility of the articles.
The therapeutic benefit component is added to the first and/or second
substrate layer via a
conventional method which may include, but is not limited to, pipetting, multi-
pipetting using an
x/y table to control the pipetting head, bead coating using a hotmelt
applicator head with jetting
capability (e.g. ITW Dynatec Dyna BF series coating heads), slot coating,
screen printing, gravure
printing, spraying and roll transfer.
The manufacturing step may take place before or after sealing depending on the
location of
the therapeutic benefit component on the finished article. The sealed sheets
are then partitioned into
units for the consumer's use. Optional manufacturing steps may include
calendaring to flatten the
article, drying, creping, shrinking, stretching, embossing, or otherwise
mechanically deforming.
METHODS OF CLEANSING AND DELIVERING A THERAPEUTIC BENEFIT AGENT TO
THE SI~1N OR HAIR
The present invention also relates to methods of cleansing and conditioning
the skin and/or
hair. These methods comprise the steps of A) wetting with water an article
suitable for cleansing
that comprises a) a substrate sheet which comprises: 1) a first substrate
layer; and 2) a second
substrate layer attached to said first layer; b) a cleansing component
disposed adjacent to said
substrate sheet; and c) a therapeutic benefit component disposed adjacent to
said substrate sheet
wherein said therapeutic benefit component occupies less than about 50 cm2 of
the substrate sheet
per gram of therapeutic benefit component; and B) contacting the skin or hair
with the wetted
article. In this method, it is preferred that the skin or hair is first
contacted and cleansed with a
surface of the article and is then contacted with another surface that
contains the therapeutic benefit
component. Another method of this invention comprises the steps of A) wetting
with water an
article suitable for cleansing that comprises a) a substrate sheet which
comprises: 1) a first
substrate layer; and 2) a second substrate layer sealed to said first layer to
thereby form at least one
reservoir seal in at least one surface of said substrate sheet wherein the
reservoir seal is in a form
selected from the group consisting of shapes, designs, logos, and combinations
thereof; b) a
cleansing component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet; and c) a
therapeutic benefit
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component disposed within said reservoir seal wherein said therapeutic benefit
component occupies
less than about 50 cm2 of the substrate sheet per gram of therapeutic benefit
component; and B)
contacting the skin or hair with the wetted article.
As Applicants have found that therapeutic benefits alone may be provided with
an article
of the present invention, another method of the present invention comprises
the steps of: A)
wetting with water an article which comprises: a) a substrate sheet that comp
a first and second
substrate layer wherein said second substrate layer is attached to said first
layer; and b) a
therapeutic benefit component disposed adjacent to said substrate sheet
wherein the occupied
surface area of said therapeutic benefit component is less than about 50
cm2/gm; and B) contacting
the skin or hair with the wetted article.
The articles of the present invention are water-activated and are therefore
intended to be
wetted with water prior to use. As used herein, "water-activated" means that
the present invention
is presented to the consumer in dry form to be used after wetting with water.
It is found that when
the articles of the present invention include a lathering surfactant they
produce a lather or are
"activated" upon contact with water and further agitation. Accordingly, the
article is wetted by
immersion in water or by placing it under a stream of water. When the articles
of the present
invention comprise a lathering surfactant in the cleansing component, lather
may be generated from
the article by mechanically agitating and/or deforming the article either
prior to or during contact of
the article with the skin or hair. The resulting lather is useful for
cleansing the skin or hair. During
the cleansing process and subsequent rinsing with water, any therapeutic or
aesthetic benefit agents
are deposited onto the skin or hair. Deposition of the therapeutic or
aesthetic benefit agents are
enhanced by the physical contact of the substrate with the skin or hair as
well by the inclusion of
one or more deposition aids.
EXAMPLES
The following examples further describe and demonstrate embodiments within the
scope of
the present invention. In the following examples, all ingredients are listed
at an active level. The
examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations
of the present invention, as many variations thereof are possible without
departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
Ingredients are identified by chemical or CTFA name.
I. Cleansing Components
Example 1
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Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner.
Shave 53.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Sodium Cocyl Isethionate 27.77
Paraffin 16.72
Sodium Allcyl Glycerol Sulfonate14.90
(AGS)
Soaps 11.41
Glycerine 8.57
Water 5.50
Stearic Acid 5.74
Sodium Isethionate 3.04
NaCI 1.41
EDTA 0.10
Etidronic Acid 0.10
Polyox 0.03
Perfume 0.70
Miscellaneous (including pigments)4.01
Total 100
Mix the bar soap shavings with 37.0 gms glycerin (99.7%), 9.5 gms water, and
0.5 gms
perfume. Heat mixture to 200°F while stirring continuously. Cold-mill
mixture on a standard 3-
roll mill and store cleansing component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 2
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Sodium Soap 52.40
Sodium Alkyl Glycerol Sulfonate 16.50
(AGS)
Magnesium Soap 13.40
Glycerine 0.19
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Water 5.50
Stearic Acid 1.60
Sodium Isethionate 3.00
NaCl 3.89
EDTA 0.10
Etidronic Acid 0.10
Perfume 0.70
Miscellaneous (including 2.62
pigments)
Total 100
Mix the bar soap shavings with 45.0 gms glycerin (99.7%), 4.5 gms water, and
0.5 gms
perfume. Heat mixture to 200°F while stirring continuously. Cold-mill
mixture on a standaxd 3-
roll mill and store cleansing component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 3
Prepare a representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the
present
invention in the following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
Soap (Magnesium and Sodium) 80.16
Water 11.50
Stearic Acid 5.70
NaCI 1. I O
EDTA 0.25
Perfume 1.15
Miscellaneous (including 0.14
pigments)
Total 100
Store the bar soap flakes in a suitable sealed container.
Example 4
Prepare a representative powdery cleansing component for the articles of the
present
invention in the following manner.
Shave 40.0 gms of a bar soap which includes the following components:
Component Wt
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Soap (Magnesium and Sodium) 80.16
Water 11.50
Stearic Acid 5.70
NaCI 1.10
EDTA 0.25
Perfume 1.15
Miscellaneous (including 0.14
pigments)
Total 100
Blend the bar soap flakes with sodium bicarbonate in a 90:10 weight ratio.
Mill the
mixture twice in a standard 3-roll mill. Collect the flakes and store in a
suitable sealed container.
Example 5
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner. Blend the cleansing component of Example 2 with 0.1 % by
weight of the bar
soap flakes of a protease enzyme. Next, blend the resultant mixture with 2% by
weight of the
cleansing component of a dry hydrocolloid, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and
mill. Store the
enzyme-containing cleansing component in a suitable sealed container.
Example 6
Prepaxe a representative liquid cleansing component which includes the
following
components.
Component Wt%
Sodium coconut alkyl glyceryl 7.2
sulfonate (AGS)
Ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) 10.4
Alkyl laureth sulfate (AE3S) 10.4
Polyethylene oxide) (PolyOx WSR 0.5
N-3000,
Union Carbide)
Xanthan gum 1.4
Water 70.1
Example 7
Prepare a representative cleansing component for the articles of the present
invention in the
following manner. Heat 3 lbs of soap shavings of Example 2 with 3/4 cup of
isopropyl alcohol
(99%) until the soap is melted. When the soap has melted, add the remaining
alcohol. Add 10 oz.
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table sugar dissolved in as little water as possible. Blend about 4 tsp. of a
dye into 8 oz. glycerin.
Add the glycerin (99.7%). Stir. Continue to heat until consistency changes
from a thin liquid to
rope-like ribbons falling offthe stirring implement and an aliquot of material
hardens when dropped
on a cold surface. Pour the mixture into a suitable container to harden. The
mixture has the
advantage of being remeltable upon heating which allows easy processing to
prepare articles.
Example 8
Prepare a representative tear-free liquid cleansing component which includes
the following
components.
Component Wt%
Cocamido propyl betaine 17.1
Sodium trideceth sulfate ~ 8.3
POE 100 sorbitan monooleate 7.5
Misc. (including perfume, preservative,2.0
dye)
Water 65.1
Distinguishing characteristics of this composition are its non-irntating
properties to skin
and eyes.
Example 9
Prepare a representative liquid cleansing component which includes the
following
components.
Component Wt%
Polyquaternium 10 0.50
Sodium Lauroamphoacetate 5.4
Sodium Laureth 3 Sulfate 11.6
Disodium EDTA 0.20
Sodium citrate dihydrate 0.50
Citric acid, anhydrous 1.0
PEG-6 caprylic/capric glycerides2.0
Cocamide MEA 2.0
Glycerin 3.5
MgS04-7H20 (Epsom salts) 1.5
Maleated Soybean Oil 2.5
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Deodorized Soybean Oil 5.0
Misc. (including perfume, caustic,1.5
colorant)
Water 62.8
The mixture is mild for use on sensitive skin.
EXamble 10
Prepare a representative liquid cleansing component by mixing the following
components.
Component Wt%
Polyquaternium-10 0.1
Sodium sulfate 1.5
Lauryl alcohol 0.3
Sodium laureth sulfate 5.8
Citric acid, anhydrous 0.2
Cocamidopropyl betaine 15.5
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 1.5
Misc. (including perfume, blue 1.0
colorant)
Water 74.1
Example 11
Prepare a representative cleansing component by mixing the following
components.
Component Wt%
Decylpolyglucose 14.8
Cocamidopropyl betaine 14.8
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 14.8
Butylene glycol 3.6
PEG 14M 1.8
Polyquaternium-10 0.9
Dex panthenol 0.7
Phenoxyethanol 0.5
Benzyl alcohol 0.5
Methylparaben 0.45
Propylparaben 0.25
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Disodium EDTA 0.2
Water 55.1
Example 12
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
EGDS 3.1
Cocamidopropyl betaine 4.0
TEA soap (Molecular Weight about9.5
330)
Monoalkyl phosphate 15.0
Cocamine oxide 7.5
1,2-propanediol 1.0
Ethanol 3.0
Miscellaneous (perfume, colorant,8.9
preservative)
Water 48.0
Heat the mixture to 50 degrees Celsius, stirring continuously, until the
mixture has lost
38% of its original weight, and it has a paste-like consistency. The paste
advantageously is easy to
process with substrate layers and requires no further drying.
Example 13
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
SEFA* Cottonate 57.5
Citric acid 0.3 0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 3.5
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate 10.7
Ethylene vinyl acetate polymer 8.0
(Elvax 40W)
Silicone polymer microbeads (Tospearly20.0
145A)
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
Melt the ethylene vinyl acetate polymer into the SEFA cottonate at 90 degrees
Celsius and
high shear mix. Add the surfactant powders and citric acid and mix. Add the
silicone polymer
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microbeads, mix, and cool to set. The composition is remeltable and easy
impregnate into or coat
onto substrate layers.
Exam 1p a 14
Prepaxe a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Sodium laureth-10 carboxylate 50.0
(Empicol CBSS*)
C12-I4, 12E0 Alcohol Ethoxylate 50.0
(Empilan
KB12*)
*available from Albright & Wilson
Melt alcohol ethoxylate. Blend in the carboxylate until homogeneous. Next,
cool the
mixture to solidify until ready for use. The composition is remeltable and
easy impregnate into or
coat onto cloths.
Example 15
Prepaxe a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
C16-18, 150E0 Alcohol Ethoxylate22.0
(Empilan
KM50*)
Cocamidopropyl betaine (Empigen 20.0
BS)*
MEA Laureth-3 ethoxylate sulphate20.0
(Marlinat
MEA)
Citric Acid anhydrous 0.15
Sodium Lauroyl sarcosinate 20.0
Propylene glycol 17.85
*available from Albright & Wilson
Heat the mixture to 70°C, stirring continuously until it has a paste
like consistency. Cool
to solidify until ready to use.
Example 16
Prepaxe a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Monosodium lauroyl glutamate 22.0
Cocamidopropyl betaine 2.0
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Sodium chloride 1.0
Glycerin 2.5
Water 72.5
Heat the components together with gentle stirring until homogeneous.
Example 17
Prepare a representative cleansing component which includes the following
components.
Component Wt%
Triethanolamine 2.9
Polyquaternium-39 0.1
Monolauryl phosphate 4.0
C 12-C 14N-methyl Glucose amides5 .0
Cocamidopropylhydroxysultaine2 2.0
Sodium decyl sulfate 0.5
Citric acid monohydrate 0.3
Perfume, Preservatives & misc. 4.0
Water 81.2
1 Available from Hoechst Celanese
2 Available from Rhone Poulenc
Add ingredients slowly in the following order at 60C until each is dissolved
in the water:
TEA, lauryl phosphate, glucose amide. Cool to 45C and add sultaine,
polyquaternium-39 and
sulfate, stirring as before. Add perfume, preservatives and cool to room
temperature.
Example 18
Prepare a representative cleansing component by mixing the following
components.
Component Wt%
Lauroyl polyglucosel 20.0
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 4.0
Perfume, Preservatives & 4.0
misc.
Water 72.0
1 Available as Plantaren 1200 from Henkel
II. Therapeutic Benefit Components
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Examples 19-23
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example Exampl Exampl Example Exampl
19 a 20 a 21 22 a 23
Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
SEFA* Cottonate48.0 48.0 30.0 50.0
SEFA* Behenate 12.0 - 13.0 - -
Petrolatum 10.0 10.0 6.4 10.0
Glyceryl Tribehenate5.0 5.0 9.8 - -
Avocado Oil 42.4
Polymethyl 6.5
silsesquioxane2
Poly(Octadecyl - - - 14.1
vinyl
ether-co-malefic
anhydride copolymer)
Polyethylene - 9.0 - -
Wax
Synthetic Beeswax- 3.0 - - -
Tococpheryl - 2.0 - 2.0
Acetate
Trihydroxystearinl - 13.0 -
-
Cholesterol 25.0 23.0 20.8 25.0 37.0
Esters
Urea - - 20.0 - -
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
lavailable as Thixcin R from Rheox
z Available as Tospearl from Kobo, Inc or GE Silicones
Component Example ExampleExample Example
24 25 26 27
Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt%
SEFA* Cottonate 75.0 33.5 40.0 80.0
SEFA* Behenate 25.0 8.4 10.0 10.0
Petrolatum - 7.0 - -
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Glyceryl Tribehenate- 3.5 - -
Stearyl Alcohol - - 5.0 -
Paraffin - - 15.0 -
Cholesterol Ester- 17.5 - -
Ozokerite Wax - - - 10.0
Glycerin - 28.0 - -
Triglyceryl monostearate- 1.9 - -
Decaglyceryl - 0.2 - -
dipalinitate
Nonylphenol polyglycine- - 30.0 -
ether'
lHamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co
Examples 28-32
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component by mixing the following
components.
Component Example Example Example Example Exampl
28 29 30 31 a 32
Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
Petrolatum 35.87 35.87 - - 34.0
(white)
Mineral oil 11.0 13.0 - - 10.0
Jojoba oil - - - 4.5
Castor oil 10.0 9.0 - -
Cocoa butter 5.0
Diisostearyl20.0 20.0 - -
trimethylpopane
siloxy silicate
Polydimethylsilo- - 0.9 1.5
xane,
500 cSt fluid
Decamethylcyclo- - - 16.5
pentasiloxane
Octamethylcyclo- - - 10.0
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tetrasiloxane
Polydimethylsilo- - 7.0 7.5
xane, gum
Stearyl - - - 3.0
methicone
wax
Polybutene - - - 4.5
Candelilla 4.6 4.6 - - 6.0
wax
Paraffin - - - 15.0 2.0
wax
Microcrystalline- - - 6.0 4.0
wax
Beeswax 3.0 3.0 - - 4.0
Ozokerite 6.0 6.0 - -
wax
Carnauba 3.0 3.0 - -
wax
Hydrogenated0.50 0.50 4.9 -
castor oil
Silica - - - 4.5
Sodium - - - 1.5
magnesium
silicate
Tocopherol 0.03 0.03 - -
Cyclomethicone- - 46.0 -
Stearyl alcohol- - 31.0 - 9.0
Cetyl alcohol 9.0
Glyceryl - - 3.2 -
stearate
Acetylated 15.0
monoglyceride
Diisostearyl- - - 6.0
maleatel
Glyceryl - - - 9.5
distearate
Glycerin - - - 6.0
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Water - - - 3.0
Nonylphenol - - 6.0 -
polyglycine
etherz
Micronized 5.0 - -
titanium
dioxide
Octyl 5.0 - - -
methoxycinnama
to
Fragrance 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.0
&
misc.
1 Available as Myvacet 7-07, about half acetylated, from Eastman Chemical Co.
2 Available as Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Example 3 3
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component which includes the
following
components.
Component Example
33
Wt
Polydecenel 53.3
Stearyl Alcohol 7.7
12-Hydroxystearic 13.5
acid
Nonylphenol polyglycine25.0
ether
Octyl methoxycinnamate1.5
lPuresyn 3000, Mobil Chemical Co.
Examples 34-36
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component which includes the
following
components.
Component Example Example Example
34 35 36
Wt % Wt % Wt
Glycerin 90.0 90.0 88.0
Decaglyceryl dipahnitatel10.0 2.0 10.0
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Deceglyceryl dibehenate 8.0
Tribehenin 2.0
1 Available as Polyaldo 10-2-P from Lonza
Examples 37-41
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in
the following manner.
Component ExampleExample Example ExampleExampl
37 38 39 40 a 41
Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt%
Hydrophobic Phase:
SEFA* cottonate 4.65 4.65 15.5 15.5
SEFA* behenate 0.35 0.35 8.0 8.0
Tribehenin 6.0 6.0
Petrolatmn 4.0 4.0 4.4
Cocoa butter . 15.5
C10-C30 13.0 13.0
Cholesterol/Lanosterol
esters
C30-C45
alkylinethiconel
Polyglyceryl-4 5.0 5.0
isostearate (and)
Cetyl
dimethicone (and)
Hexy1 laurate2
PEG 30 3.0
dipolyhydroxystearate3
Tetraglyceryl 2.1
monostearate
Decaglyceryl 0.90
dipalinitate
Ceresin wax 5.5
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Beeswax 7.0
Lecithin, purified 10.0
1-Monostearin 10.0
Hydrophilic Phase:
Glycerin 70.0 66.5 42.30 42.30 40.0
Water 3.5 5.0
PVM/MA decadiene 0.25
crosspolymer4
Sodium hydroxide 0.25
(10%
solution)
Gelatin 2.6
Active skin care
ingredients:
Panthenol 20.0 10.0 2.50
Nicotinamide 5.0 2.50 3.0
Urea 5.0 2.50 2.50
Allantoin 0.20 0.20
Acetamidopropyl 2.0
trimoruum chloride
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
' Available as AMS-C30 from Dow Corning
2 Available as Abil WE-09 from Goldschmidt
3 Available as Arlacel P135 from ICI
4Available as Stabileze 06 from ISP
Heat the hydrophobic phase to 70C, add the hydrophobic active skin care
ingredients, and
stir until homogenous. Premix the hydrophilic phase ingredients with the
hydrophilic active skin
care ingredients, heating gently if necessary to dissolve or disperse them.
Add these slowly to the
hydrophobic phase, continuing to stir. Homogenize (high shear mixer;
ultrasonic homogenizer; or
high pressure homogenizer such as Microfluidizer from Microfluidics Corp.).
Apply immediately
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to substrate surface or cool rapidly to below room temperature in ice or ice
water. Store in
controlled environment, under nitrogen if needed for chemical stability.
Examples 42-46
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component Example Example ExampleExample Exampl
42
43 44 45 a 46
Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate 15.0 16.0
SEFA* behenate 7.5 4.0
Tribehenin 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 4.4
Cocoa butter 15.5
Polydecenel 50.0 46.5
C10-C30 13.0 10.5 .
Cholesterol/Lanost
erol esters
PEG 30 3.0 3.0
dipolyhydroxystear
ate
Ceresin wax 5.5
Beeswax 7.0
Aluminum/magnes 7.5
ium
hydroxystearate
in
mineral oilz
C30-38 2.5
Olefin/isopropyl
maleate
copolymer3
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Polyethylene 1.0
wax4
Lecithin, 10.0
purified
Fragrance 1.0
and
misc.
1-Monostearin 10.0
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 30.0 25.0 34.80 20.0 38.0
Water 8.0 8.0 5.0
PEG 2000 17.0
PVM/MA 0.25
decadiene
crosspolymer
Sodium hydroxide 0.25
(10% solution)
Gelatin 9.50 9.50 2.6
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Nicotinamide 2.50
Menthol in 2.50
50%
beta cyclodextrin
Ascorbic acid 2.50
(natuxal)
Tocopheryl 1.00 2.50
acetate
Sorbitol 2.50
Lactic acid 2.5
Urea 2.50
Allantoin 0.20
Triclosan 1.50
Chloxhexidine 0.50
Benzoyl peroxide 5.0
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15% Salicylic 12.0
acid
in PPG 15
stearyl
ether
Salicylic 2.5
acid
1 Available as Puresyn 3000 from Mobil
2 Available as Gilugel Min from Giulini Chemie
3 Available as Performa 1608 from New Phase Technologies
4 Available as Performalene 400 from New Phase Technologies
Examples 47-51
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component Example Example Example Example Exampl
47 48 49 50 a 51
Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate20.5 15.5 16.0
Mineral oil 7.50
SEFA* behenate8.0 8.0 8.0
~
Tribehenin 9.5 6.0 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 22.6 3.0 4.0
(white
or superwhite)
Candelilla 4.50
wax
Paraffin wax 3.00 14.0
Microcrystalline 1.50
wax
Beeswax 3.00
C10-C30 18.0 13.0 13.0
Cholesterol/Lanoste
rol esters
Laurylmethicone 5.0
copolyoh
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Acetylated 11.3
monoglyceridez
Stearyl alcohol 6.8
Cetyl alcohol 6.8
Stearic acid
PEG 30 4.5 3.0
dipolyhydroxysteax
ate
Decaglyceryl 0.90
dipalinitate3
Tetraglyceryl 2.10
monostearate
Fragrance, 1.0 3.0 2.0
misc.
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 22.8 27.5 25.0 38.0 41.0
Decaglyceryl 2.5
dipalinitate3
Calcium silicate 15.0
microspheres4
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Guar 1.00
hydroxypropyltrimo
nium chloride
Chitosan glycolate 2.50
Nicotinamide 1.50 2.50 2.50
0.2% Carbopol 38.0
940
aqueous solution,
pH 6.0
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Retinol 2.50
Phytantriols 1.00
Urea 2.50 3.0 2.50
Vitamin C 2.50
Borage oil 2.50
Ascorbyl palinitate 1.50
Acetamidopropyl2.50
trimonium
chloride6
1 Available as Dow Q2-5200, Dow Corning
2 Available as Myvacet 7-07, about half acetylated, from Eastman Chemical Co.
3 Available as Polyaldo 10-2-P from Lonza
4 Available as Celite C from Celite Co.
Available as Hydagen CMF from Henkel
6 Available as Incromectant AQ from Croda
Example 48: Glycerin incorporated into microspheres, then blended into molten
lipid phase and .
cooled for storage or applied to cloth.
Examples 52-57
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component Example Example Exampl ExampleExample Example
52 53 a 54 55 56 57
Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt%
Hydrophobic
Phase:
SEFA* cottonate16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
Mineral oil
SEFA* behenate 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0
Tribehenin 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
Petrolatum 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0
(white
or superwhite)
C10-C30 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0 13.0
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CholesterollLanos
terol esters
Stearyl 2.0
dimethicone
Dimethicone 4.0
hydroxystearate
Dimethicone 2.0
copolyol
behenate
PEG 30 3.00 3.00
dipolyhydroxyste
arate
Sodium lauroyl 2.00
glutamate
Sodium stearoyl 2.00
lactylate
Calcium stearate- ' S.0
Decaglyceryl0,90 0.90 0.90 0.90
dipalinitate
Tetraglyceryl2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10
monostearate
Fragrance, 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
xnisc.
Hydrophilic
Phase:
Glycerin 44.5 42.5 35.5 35.5 25.0 43.0
75% 4.50 4.50
Polyethyleneimine
' in water,
pH 6.5
Water 2.0
Decaglyceryl 2.50 2.50
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dipalinitate
Fumed silica 20.0
Propylene 2.0
glycol
alginate2
Active skin
care
ingredients:
Nicotinamide 2.00 2.00
Chitosan 1.50
Green tea 4.50
extract
Aloe vera 3.0
gel
Vitamin C 2.5
0
Ascorbyl 2.00 2.50
palinitate
Acetamidopropyl 2.00 2.00
trimonium
chloride
1 Available as Epomin SP-018 from Nippon Shokubai Co.
Z Available as Kelcoloid HVF from Kelco
Examples 58-61
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component Example Example Example Example
58 59 60 61
Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
SEFA* cottonate 16.00 24.51 29.62 38.00
Petrolatum 4.00 6.13 7.40 10.00
Cholesterol esters13.00 19.91 24.06 29.00
Polyethylene 14.00 21.45 25.91 11.00
Waxl
PEG 30 , 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
Dipolyhydroxystearatez
Glycerine 50.00 25.00 10.00 10.00
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1 available as Perfonnalene 400 from New Phase Technologies
2 available as Arlacel P135 from IJniqema
Examples 62-67
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component ExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExample
62 63 64 65 66 67
Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt% Wt%
SEFA* behenate 5.00
Lanolin Solidsl28.20 28.20 30.90 27.90 27.90 27.90
Tocopheryl 2.00
Acetate
Cetearylmethicone214.10 14.10 9.40 9.40 9.40 9.40
C24-28 4.70 4.70
Alkylinethicone3
C30-45 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70
Allcylinethicone4
Polyethylene 5.00 5.00
Wax
Cetyl Dimethicone 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Copolyols
PEG 30 3.00
Dipolyhydroxystearate
Glycerin 50.00 50.00 46.00 50.00 50.00 40.00
D-Panthenol 2.00
Niacinamide 2.00
PEG-30 4.00
PEG-4 6.00
1 available as Coronet Lanolin from Croda
z available as SF1632 from GE Silicones
3 available as Abil Wax 9810 from Th. Goldschmidt
4 available as DC-AMS C30 from Dow Corning
available as Abil EM 90 from Th. Goldschmidt
Examples 68-74
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Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component ExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExampleExample
68 69 70 71 72 73 74
Wt Wt % Wt % Wt Wt Wt Wt
% % % %
Polymethylsilses3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
-quioxanel
SEFA* cottonate 8.00
SEFA* behenate 4.00 4.00
Cholesterol16.50 17.00 30.00 13.00 13.00 5.00
esters
Lanolin 16.50 22.00
Avocado 19.50 19.49 35.24 19.50 19.50
Oil
Cetearylmethico 5.00
nee
C24-28 5.00
Alkylinethicone3
Poly(Octadecyl6.50 6.50 11.75 26.00 10.00
vinyl ether-co--
maleic anhydride
copolymer)
4
Poly(Octadecyl 6.50 6.50
vinyl ether-co-
(ethylene
glycol
hexyl vinyl
ether-)
co-malefic
anhydride
copolymer)
4
D&C Red 0.006 0.006
7 in
castor oil
PEG-30 4.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00
Dipolyhydroxyst
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earate
Glycerin 50.50 50.00 10.00 50.00 32.00 50.50 50.00
PEG-3 0 10.00
PEG-12 8.00
1 available as Tospearl from Kobo Inc.
2 available as SF1632 from GE Silicones
3 available as Abil Wax 9810 from Th. Goldschmidt
ø available as "Gantrez" types from ISP
Examples 75-77
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
Component Example Example Example
75 76 77
Wt % Wt % Wt
SEFA* cottonate 4.00 5.00
SEFA* behenate 8.00 6.00
Tocopheryl acetate 2.00
Tribehenin 6.00 8.00 6.00
Petrolatum 5.00 5.00 5.00
Cholesterol Esters 15.00 15.00 15.00
Diene copolymer (Proposed)8.00 8.00
1
Hydrogenated Phosphatidylcholin2 5.00
Quaternium-18 hectorite 12.00
in mineral
oil3
PEG 30 Dipolyhydroxystearate4.00 4.00 4.00
Glycerine 50.00 50.00 50.00
1 available as Aquapel 15L or Aquapel 32S from Mobil
2 available as Phospholipon 80H from Nattermann
3 available as Bentone Gel MIO from Rheox
Examples 78-81
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 37-41.
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Component Example Example Example Example
78 79 80 81
Wt%. Wt% Wt% Wt%
Hydrophobic Phase:
Lecithin, purifiedl10.3 10.3 10.8 10.3
Decane 19.2 15.0
Mineral Oil 5.0
Isohexadecane 11.3 19.0
Tricontanyl PVP' 26.0
Carnauba wax 33.3 29.0 33.3
Stearyl alcohol 13.0
12-hydroxystearic 19.4
acid
Hydrophilic Phase:
Glycerin 31.8 18.8 19.6 18.7
Propylene glycol 11.3 18.8 19.6 18.7
Active skin care
ingredients:
Triclosan 0.20
Salicylic acid 0.40
D-panthenol 2.0
Nicotinamide 4.0
1 Available as Epikuxon 200 from Lucas Meyer
2 Available as Ganex WP-660 from ISP
Stir all ingredients together until microemulsion forms. Add skin care
ingredients first to
the phase which most closely matches their solubility parameter. When adding
waxes, heat slowly
just to the wax melting point, disperse by stirring, and add to cloth or cool
to room temperature and
store.
Examples 82-83
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
pxesent invention in
the following manner.
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Component Example Examule
82 83
Wt % Wt
Hydrophobic Phase:
Isohexadecane 43.0 28.3
Sodium dioctyl . 7.0 7.1
sulfosuccinate2
Hydrophilic Phase:
Glycerin 19.0 23.6
Water 19.0 7.8
Carnauba wax 29.0
Gelatin ~ 6.0
Active skin care
ingredients:
Titanium dioxide, 4.2
cosmetic
Titanium dioxide, 4.2
micronized
Salicylic acid 1.8
i Available as Epikuron 200 from Lucas Meyer
Available as Aerosol OT from Pfaltz and Bauer
Add skin care ingredients first to the phase which most closely matches their
solubility parameter.
Then, stir all ingredients together until microemulsion forms. Coat onto
substrate surface.
Examples 84-89
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention in
the followuig manner.
Component Exampl Exampl Example ExampleExampl Example
a 84 a 85 86 87 a 88 89
Part A Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
Sodium lauxoyl15.0 6.51 6.20 5.9
ether sulfate
ISLES, add
as 27%
active)
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Cocamidopropyl13.5 5.85 5.57 5.82 5.19 5.3
betainel
Sodium lauroyl1.35 0.60 0.57 6.01 5.36 0.54
sarcosinate2
~~
Decylpolyglucose3 5.80 5.18
Lauryl alcohol1.31 0.56 0.54 0.54
Polyethyleneimine47.87 3.38 3.22 2.64 2.36 3.2
Citric acid 0.32 0.11 0.11 0.09
(add as
50% aqueous
solution)
Tetrasodium 0.28
EDTA
Sulfuric acid 5.4 2.37 2.25 2.2
Preservative, 0.62 0.45 0.43 2.86 2.55 0.3
fragrance
Sodium sulfate7.9 3.47 3.21 3.0
Glycerin 26.45 56.7 46.4 44.1 39.36 44.8
Sorbitol 5.0
SEFA* cottonate 12.8
~SEFA* behenate 8.0
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 4.2
Polyacrylamide 7.5
and
isoparaffms
Polyurethane 34.1
latex
in 50%
isopropanol6
Polyacrylate 7.5
copolymer'
Polystyrene ~ 1.1
sulfonates
copolymer8
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Chitosan lactate 5.4
Part C - Physical gelling agents
12-Hydroxystearic10.0 10.66
acid
Stearyl alcohol10.0 20.0 20.0 7.11 15.0
* SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
1 Available as Tegobetaine F from Goldschmidt
2 Available as Hamposyl L-30 (type 721) from Hampshire Chemical, 31% active
3 Available as Plantaren 2000NP from Henkel
4Available as Epomin SP-018, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon Shokubai
Co.
S Available as Carbopol Ultrez from B.F. Goodrich
6 Available as Sancure 2710 from B.F. Goodrich, prepared as premix comprising
about 20%
polymer, 30% water, 50% IPA
6 Available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp.
' Available as AQ38S from Eastman Chemical
Blend the surfactants and fatty alcohol while heating to 65°C with a
low speed impeller
mixer. Remove from heat, allow to cool to 65°C while continuing to mix.
Add the cationic
polymer and stir until homogeneous. Slowly add remaining Part A ingredients
while stirring.
Homogenize to disperse the SEFA as an emulsion. Titrate with concentrated
sulfuric acid until a
pH of about 6.5 is reached. Prepare a dried mixture by spreading the Part A
composition in trays
and drying in a suitable (vacuum or convection) oven at a temperature not
exceeding 65°C until
essentially no water remains. Blend the dried Part A ingredients with the
polymeric gelling agents
from Part B, heat to dissolve or disperse. Blend the xesulting composition
with the physical gelling
agents. Heat to melt and dissolve gelling agents into the composition. Apply
to substrate
surfaces) or cool to room temperature and store.
Examples 90-95
Prepare a representative conditioning component for the articles of the
present invention as
described in Examples 84-89.
Component ExampleExampl Example ExampleExampl Exampl
90 a 91 92 93 a 94 a 95
Part A Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt % Wt
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Sodium lauroyl8.87 11.4 10.8 10.8
sarcosinatel
Polyethyleneimine27.39 7.50 7.50 9.5 9.0 9.0
Water 4.43 3.00 3.00 5.7 5.4 5.4
Sulfuric acid6.36 QS QS 8.1 7.7 7.7
Fragrance,
misc.
Glycerin 34.45 52.5 45.0 41.3 39.25 34.25
Propylene 2.50
glycol
Urea 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Panthenol 2.0 1.9 1.9
Nicotinamide 2.50 2.50 2.0 1.9 1.9
Salicylic
acid
Polymethylsilsesqu 4.20 4.20
ioxane3
Mica, pearlescent 3.85 3.85
Stearylinethicone 5.0
wax
SEFA cottonate 5.0
Petrolatum 5.0
Part B - Polymer gelling agents
Gelatin 0.1
Polyacrylamide16.0 12.0 12.0
and isoparaffm4
Part C - Physical gelling agents
12-Hydroxysteaxic12.0 12.0 10.5
acid
Carnauba wax 18.0 14.1 14.1
Stearyl alcohol8.0 8.0 7.0
1 Available as Hamposyl L-95 from Hampshire Chemical, dry
ZAvailable as Epomin SP-018, molecular weight about 1800, from Nippon Shokubai
Co.
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3 Available as Tospearl 145A from Lobo, Inc.
4 Available as Sepigel 305 from Seppic Corp.
III. Intermediate Articles
Example 96
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of
a
permeable, fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide
fibers. The permeable
web is Wonder Under manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co.,
Chicago, IL.
The cleansing component is applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18
cm. The cleansing
component is air dried. A layer of 2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the
same size as the web is
placed over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a basis weight of 2
oz/yd2 and is comprised
of a blend of fibers of about 23 microns and 40 microns average diameter, at
least some of which
are crimped. The thickness of the batting is about 0.23 in. measured at 5 gsi.
The batting has an
air permeability of about 1270 cfm/ft2 and a foam permeability critical
pressure of about 2.7 cm
H20. The batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no adhesive. A layer
of a nonwoven is
placed under the fusible web to form the second side of the article. The
nonwoven is a spunlace
blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with ~a styrene-butadiene
adhesive, which is
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm.
The shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval. The layers are sealed
together using
point bonds in a grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-
platen heat sealing device
such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA.
The point bonds
measure about 4 mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing
points evenly spaced.
The article is trimmed and ready for use.
Example 97
Prepare a representative skin cleansing article in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one , side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which
is an airlaid,
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lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate
placing it in contact with the
surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the
same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per
square meter (gsm).
The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonc sealer which seals a dot pattern
comprising a grid of
4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into
individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded corners, which has a
total of about 51
sealing points per article.
IV. Articles of the Present Invention
Example 98
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of any one of Examples 37-41 is
applied to
one side of the finished article of Example 96. The composition is applied to
the article as a hot
liquid (70-80°C) using a pipette such that the coating is in the form
of dots of about 6mm diameter.
Each dot contains about O.lg composition and these dots are located in some of
the sealing points.
Example 99
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23
is
applied to one side of the finished article of Example 96. The composition is
applied to the article
as a hot liquid (60-70°C) using a pipette such that the coating is in
the form of dots of about 6mm
diameter. Each dot contains about O.lg composition and these dots are located
in some of the
sealing points.
Example 100
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 90 is applied to one
side of the
finished article of Example 96. The composition is applied to the article as a
hot liquid (60-70°C)
using a pipette such that the coating is in the form of dots of about 4mm
diameter. Each dot
contains about O.lg composition and these dots axe located in some of the
sealing points.
Example 101
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of any one of the Examples 58-77
is
applied to one side of the finished article of Example 97. The composition is
applied to the article
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as a hot liquid (70-80°C) using an extrusion jetting head such that the
coating is in the form of dots
of about 6mm diameter. Each dot contains about O.lg composition and these dots
are located in
some ofthe sealing points.
Example 102
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Three grams of the skin conditioning component of any one of the Examples 58-
77 is
applied half to each side of the finished article of Example 97. The
composition is applied as a hot
liquid (70-80°C) using an extrusion jetting head such that the coating
is in the form of dots of about
4mm diameter. Each dot contains about 0. 1g composition and these dots are
located in some ofthe
sealing points.
Example 103
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 65 is applied to one
side of the
finished article of Example 97. The composition is applied as a hot liquid (60-
70°C) using an
extrusion jetting head to create two stripes of coating Smm wide and 100mm
long, 2 cm apart.
Example 104
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 59 is applied, half
to each
side, to the finished article of Example 97. The composition is applied as a
hot liquid (60-70°C)
using an extrusion jetting head to create two stripes of coating Smm wide and
100mm long, 2 cm
apart on each side of the article.
Example 105
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following mannex.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. The skin
conditioning component of
Example 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23 is applied as a warm liquid (60°C) to one
side of a second web
using a coating head. The coating is intermittent to create patches of coating
15ri1m wide and
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70mm long containing 2g of skin conditioner, where each article will contain
one patch of skin
conditioner. The second web is is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting,. The
coated second web is
continuously fed over the first substrate placing the coated side in contact
with the surfactant layer.
The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with
PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-
sheath
composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm).
The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into
individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded corners, which has a
total of about 51
sealing points per article.
Example 106
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 59 is applied to one
side of the
finished article of Example 97. The composition is screen printed as a hot
liquid (60-70°C) to
create a printed Olay~ logo covering a surface area of l Ocm2.
Example 107
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 19, 20, 21, 22, or 23
is
applied to one side of the finished article of Example 97. The composition is
applied to one side of
the article as a hot liquid (60-70°C) using an extrusion jetting head
such that the coating is in the
form of dots of about 4mm diameter. Each dot contains about O.lg composition
and these dots are
located in some of the sealing points.
Example 108
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 90 is applied to one
side of the
finished article of Example 97. The composition is applied to one side of the
article as a hot liquid
(60-70°C) using a pipette such that the coating is in the form of dots
of about Smm diameter. Each
dot contains about 0. 1g composition and these dots are located in some ofthe
sealing points.
Example 109
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
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mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydxoapertuxed
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which
is an airlaid,
lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate
placing it in contact with the
surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier
bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent
fibers of the
same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per
square meter (gsm).
The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot
pattern comprising a grid of
4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into
individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm rectangles with rounded corners. Two grams of
the skin
conditioning component of any one of the Examples 58-77 is applied to one side
of the finished
article. The composition is applied as a hot liquid (70-80°C) using an
extrusion jetting head such
that the coating is in the form of dots of about 4mrn diameter. Each dot
contains about O.lg
composition and these dots are located in some of the sealing points to form a
patch of coating dots
on a central area of the cloth.
Example 110
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate
web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first
substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicornponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter
(gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is
continuously fed
over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
The webs axe
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continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into
individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners. Two grams of
the skin
conditioning component of Example 69 is applied to one side of the finished
article. The
composition is applied as a hot liquid (70-80°C) using an extrusion
jetting head such that the
coating is in the form of dots of about 4mm diameter. Each dot contains about
O.lg composition
and these dots are located in some of the sealing points.
Example 111
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the cleansing component of Example 12 is applied to one side of
a
permeable, fusible web comprised of low-melting heat-sealable polyamide
fibers. The permeable
web is Wonder Under manufactured by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co.,
Chicago, IL.
The cleansing component is applied to an oval area approximately 13 cm by 18
cm. The cleansing
component is air dried. A layer of 2 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to the
same size as the web is
placed over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a basis weight of 2
oz/yd2 and is comprised
of a blend of fibers of about 23 microns and 40 microns average diameter, at
least some of which
are crimped. The thickness of the batting is about 0.23 in. measured at 5 gsi.
The batting has an
air permeability of about 1270 cfin/ft2 and a foam permeability critical
pressure of about 2.7 cm
H20. The batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no adhesive. A layer
of a nonwoven is
placed under the fusible web to form the second side of the article. The
nonwoven is a spunlace
blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene
adhesive, which is
hydroaperiured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm.
The shape of the article is about 122 mm x 160 mm oval. The layers are sealed
together using
point bonds in a grid pattern with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure
platen heat sealing device
such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA.
The point bonds
measure about 4 mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing
points evenly spaced.
Two grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 69 is applied to one
side of the finished
article. 'The composition is applied as a hot liquid (70-80°C) using an
extrusion jetting head such
that the coating is in the form of dots of about Smm diameter. Each dot
contains about O.lg
composition and these dots are located in some of the sealing points. The
article is trimmed and
ready for use
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Examples 112-114
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
cleansing
components of Examples 1, 2 and 5 in the following manner.
Eight grams of cleansing component is applied to one side of a permeable,
fusible web
comprised of low-melting heat-sealable fibers in four quadrants forming a
rectangle about 10
inches by 12 inches, leaving space at the edge and between quadrants to seal
layers without the
presence of surfactant. The permeable web is a fibrous, low density
polyethylene (LDPE or
LLDPE) material commonly available from sewing supply distributors. A layer of
4 oz/sq yd
polyester batting cut to the same size as the web is placed over the fusible
web. The polyester
batting has a basis weight of 4 oz/yd2 and is comprised of polyester fibers of
about 30 microns
average diameter and is adhesive bonded, available for example as Mountain
Mist Extra Heavy
Batting #205 from Steams Textiles, Cincinnati, OH. A layer of fibrous nonwoven
which is a
hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis weight
of about 65 gsm
(available as Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is
placed under the
fusible web. The layers are sealed together in a rectangular windowpane shape
with a heat sealing
die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer
available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure
to cause the batting
to melt and flow into the first layer and hence form an adequate seal, usually
about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit and 30 psi machine pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is sufficient.
The seal is
continuous around the edges and has a single windowpane cross-member in each X-
and Y-
direction measuring about 2 mm width. After cooling, three grams of the skin
conditioning
component of any one of the Examples 58-77 is applied to one side of the
finished article. The
composition is applied as a hot liquid (70-80°C) using an extrusion
jetting head such that the
coating is in the form of dots of about 7mm diameter. Each dot contains about
0.3g of
composition. The article is trimmed and the corners rounded and it is stored
until ready for use.
Examples 115-116
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
surfactant powders
of Examples 3 and 4 in the following manner.
Four grams of dry surfactant powder is applied to one side of a permeable,
fusible web
comprised of low-melting heat-sealable fibers. The permeable web is Wonder
Under manufactured
by Pellon, available from H. Levinson & Co., Chicago, IL. The powder is
sprinkled evenly over an
oval area approximately 17 cm by 19 cm. A layer of 2 oz/sq yd polyester
batting cut to the same
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size as the web is placed over the fusible web. The polyester batting has a
basis weight of 2 oz/yd2
and is comprised of a blend of fibers of about 23 microns and 40 microns
average diameter, at least
some of which are crimped. The thickness of the batting is about 0.23 in.
measured at 5 gsi. The
batting has an air permeability of about 1270 ciin/ft2 and a foam permeability
critical pressure of
about 2.7 cm H20. The batting is believed to be heat-bonded, utilizing no
adhesive. A second
nonwoven layer is prepared which is hydroapertured, comprising polyester
fibers of about 10
microns diameter and containing within it an interlaced polypropylene scrim
having a fiber diameter
about 150 microns, laced at about 0.8 cm intervals. The second layer is cut
larger than the
required article dimensions and placed in a convection oven at a temperature
of about 150 degrees
Celsius for about 10 minutes, until the X- and Y-dimensions of the layer have
shrunk to about 70
percent of their original size and the layer has a macroscopic thickness of
about 0.12 in. measured
at 5 gsi. The layer has a macroscopic average basis weight of about 64 gsm
before shrinking, and
apertures measuring about 0.5 mm average diameter. The second layer is placed
under the fusible
web and the layers are sealed together using point bonds and also a 2 mm wide
seal around the
perimeter with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing
device such as a Sentinel
Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The point bonds
measure about 3
mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing points evenly
spaced. The article is
trimmed, and 2.5 grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 30 is
applied to one side of
the finished article. The composition is applied as a hot liquid (about
50°C) to the article surfaces
using a pipette such that the coating is in the form of dots, each containing
about O.lg composition
and these dots are located in some of the sealing points. The composition
quickly cools on the
article surface and is stored in a sealed, metallized film package until ready
for use.
Examples 117-122
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing
components of Examples 6, 8, 9, 16, 17, and 18 in the following manner.
Liquid surfactant composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by
coating with a
brush until 2 grams of solid surfactant has been applied, in a windowpane
design avoiding the
edges and the sealing loci. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and
30% PET fibers,
bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertuxed to form
holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. The substrates are air
dried in a convection
oven at 45C for about 6 hours or until dry to the touch. A second substrate
which is an airlaid,
lofty, low density batting is placed over the first substrate placing it in
contact with the surfactant
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layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier
bicomponent
fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicornponent fibers of
the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The layers
are sealed together in a rectangular windowpane shape with a heat sealing die
utilizing a pressure-
platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available
from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to cause the batting to
melt and flow into the
first layer and hence form an adequate seal, usually about 300 degrees
Fahrenheit and 30 psi
machine pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is sufficient. The seal is
continuous around the edges
and has a single windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-direction measuring
about 2 ruin
width. After cooling the article is trimmed and 3 grams of the skin
conditioning component of
Example 31 is applied as a hot liquid (about 50°C) using a pipette to
one surface of the article such
that the coating is in the form of dots, each containing about O.lg
composition. The composition
quickly cools on the article surface and is stored in a sealed, metallized
film package until ready for
use.
Examples 123-128
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing
component of Example 7 and the skin conditioning components of Examples 24
through 29 in the
following manner.
Four strips of surfactant are extruded continuously on a moving first web
which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15
denier PET fibers,
35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent
fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about
100 grams per square
meter (gsm), and is airlaid and heat bonded with no adhesive. The surfactant
is heated to melting
point and held in a reservoir at about 65°C and fed by pump to an
extrusion head which
continuously meters 4 cylindrical strands onto the web at even spacing across
the web, to achieve a
final add-on rate of about 5 grams of composition per finished article. A
second web which is a
microapertured and macroapertured formed film which is the formed film of U.S.
Patent No.
4,629,643 is continuously fed onto the first web, macroapertured male side
towards the batting and
surfactant. The skin conditioning component is coated onto the exposed batting
surface at a rate of
3 grams of composition per finished article in two stripes 5mm wide and l Ocm
long. The coating is
applied while hot, cooling on the article surface to solidify. The webs are
continuously sealed and
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cut into 120mm by 160 mm rectangles with rounded corners using a heated metal
roll and a
pressure roll applied against the formed film side. The articles are packaged
until ready for use.
Examples 129-131
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing
component of Example 6 and the skin conditioning components of Examples 79, 81
and 83 in the
following manner.
Liquid surfactant composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by
coating with a
brush until 2 grams of solid surfactant has been applied, in a windowpane
design avoiding the
edges and the sealing loci. The substrate is an airlaid, lofty, low density
batting comprising a blend
of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and
PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of
about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The composition is dried. A second
substrate which is a
high wet strength, adhesive bonded cellulose paper towel with good loft and a
basis weight of about
53 gsm is placed over the surfactant exposed side of the batting. A useful
towel is available from
The Procter & Gamble Company and marketed as Bounty Rinse & Reuse ~, which
retains its Z-
direction height when wet, and which has a thickness of about 0.047 inches at
5 gsi. The layers are
sealed together in a rectangular windowpane shape with a heat sealing die
utilizing a pressure-
platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available
from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to form an adequate seal.
The seal is
continuous around the edges and has a single windowpane cross member in each X-
and Y-
direction measuring about 2 mm width. The article is trimmed, and 1.5 grams of
skin conditioning
component is applied to the lofty batting side of the article by an extrusion
jetting head to form dots
of coating, the jetting head is supplied with composition at 60°C. The
composition dots are quickly
dried on the article surface such that the dots do not expand substantially in
size. The article is
stored in a sealed, metallized film package until ready for use.
Example 132
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 12 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
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PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate
web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first
substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter
(gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is
continuously fed
over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The skin conditioning
liquid of Example 78
is coated onto the web at 60°C to form one stripe of dimensions 4mm by
50mm at about 0.5 grams
of composition per finished article. The web is cut into individual articles
measuring about 120
mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners and packaged until ready for use.
Example 133-134
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner,
utilizing the skin conditioning components of Examples 79 and 80.
The low water activity cleansing component of Example 2 is three-roll milled
with
aluminosilicate (available as Advera 401 N from The PQ Corporation, Valley
Forge, PA, which
generates heat due to an exothermic reaction upon exposure to water) in a
ratio of 1:1. Ten grams
the cleansing component is applied to one side of a layer of batting. The
batting is an airlaid, lofty,
low density batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent
fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of
the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The
surfactant is applied fibers in four quadrants together forming a rectangle
about 10 inches by 12
inches, leaving space at the edge and between quadrants to seal layers without
the presence of
surfactant. A second nonwoven layer is prepared which is hydroapertured,
comprising polyester
fibers of about 10 microns diameter and containing within it an interlaced
scrim having a fiber
diameters about 100 microns n,nning across the width of the nonwoven and about
250 microns
orthogonal to the width, laced (bonded) at about 1 cm intervals. Such a scrim
is available from
Conwed plastics, Minneapolis, MN. The second nonwoven has a basis weight of
about 70 gsm,
and is slightly creped due to web tension during manufacture of the nonwoven,
and subsequent
relaxation of the tension. The layers are sealed together using point bonds
and also a 2 mm wide
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seal around the perimeter with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen
heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The
point bonds
measure about 3 mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing
points evenly spaced.
The article is trimmed, and 4 grams of skin conditioning component is applied
to the lofty batting
side of the article using an extrusion jetting head to apply the composition
at 60°C in dots in some
of the sealing points. The composition quickly cools on the article surface
and is stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until ready for use.
Examples 135-142
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner,
utilizing the skin conditioning components of Examples 84-88, 93, 94 and 95.
Four grams of the surfactant composition of Example 11 is spread evenly by
hand across a
lofty batting. The batting is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting
comprising a blend of 30% 15
denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). A layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a
hydroentangled blend
of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis weight of about 65 gsm
(available as
Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is placed under
over the surfactant
coated side of the batting. The layers axe sealed together using interlocking
sealing plates using an
unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced evenly in a
hexagonal grid pattern.
The thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base and are
spaced about 2 cm
apart, center-to-center. The land area between the dimples on the unheated
plate is concave
inwards by several mm, forming an interconnected trough. The heated plate has
an external ridge
which fit precisely into the trough on the land area of the unheated plate.
The heated plate contacts
the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using pressure-
platen heat sealing device
such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA.
The resulting
unfinished article has pronounced thimble shapes rising up on the batting
side, and shorter dimples
or 'buttons' xising up on the cellulose/polyester substrate side of the
article, making both sides easy
to grip. The article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm. Three
grams of skin
conditioning component per article is pipetted into the trough area while the
composition is hot, and
allowed to cool and solidify. The article is packaged until ready for use.
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Examples 143-144
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin
conditioning components of Examples 91 and 92 in the following manner.
The liquid cleansing component of Example 16 is applied to a first substrate
by dipping a
120 mm by 160 mm section of the substrate in a bath of the composition until
it has incxeased its
weight by about 8 grams. The substrate is a batting comprising a blend of 30%
15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35%
10 denier
bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight
of about 100
grams per square meter (gsm). The substrate is dried. A piece of a second
substrate which is a
spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive and
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter, having a basis weight of
about 70 gsm is
placed over the first substrate. The substrates are sealed together using an
ultrasonic sealer which
seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced
evenly across the
article. Four grams of skin conditioning component is applied, half to each
side of the article by
using an extrusion jetting head to apply dots of formulation into some of the
sealing points. The
extrusion jetting head is fed by a hot melt tank at 60°C. Each dot
contains about O.lg of
conditioner. The composition quickly cools on the article surface and is
stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until ready for use.
Examples 145-149
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin
conditioning components of Examples 32 through 36 in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a xate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrata is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate
web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first
substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter
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(gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is
continuously fed
over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin conditioning
component is slot coated
from a hot reservoir pumped through a slot dye containing a shim such that two
thick stripes, Smm
wide and 2cm apart are coated onto both sides of the substrate web at a rate
equal to 3 grams of
skin conditioning component per finished article (about 140 gsm add-on per
side), and passed
across a cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the article outer
surfaces. The web is cut
into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 xmn rectangles with
rounded corners.
Examples 150-170
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles utilizing the
skin
conditioning components of Examples 37 through 57 in the following manner.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 4.4 grams of
cleansing component per finished axticle. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate
web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first
substrate placing it in contacf
with the surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter
(gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is
continuously fed
over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin. conditioning
component is bead coated
from a hot reservoir pumped through an extrusion jetting head onto both sides
of the substrate web
at a rate equal to 3 grams.of skin conditioning component per finished article
(about 140 gsm add-
on per side) in dots each containing about 0.2g of conditioner and located in
the sealing points. It is
then passed across a cooling fan so the composition cools quickly on the
article outer surfaces. The
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coating reservoir is continuously mixed to maintain stability of the emulsion.
The web is cut into
individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded
corners.
Example 171
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component which includes the
following components.
Component Example Example
A B
SEFA* Cottonate
Petrolatum
Stearyl Alcohol 4.0
Stearic Acid 3.0
Lanolin
Ethylene vinyl acetate
polymers
Polydecene2 2.0
Sodium lauroyl sarcosinate325.0
Lauryl betaine4
Lauroamphoacetates 5.25
Sodium laureth-3 10.5
sulfate6
Cocamide MEA' 2.80
Sulfixric acid QS
Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium0.50
chloride
Cholesterol$ 9.0
Nonylphenol polyglycine
ether9
Micronized titanium
dioxide
Octyl methoxycinnamate
Nicotinamide
Glycerin 10.0 3.00
Water 48.5 55.95
PEG 6 caprylic/capric 3.40
glycerides
Maleated soybean 1.50
oil
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Soybean oil (deodorized) 8.0
Palm kernel fatty 2.60
acids
Polyquaternium-10 0.40
Fragrance, preservative, 4.60
misc.
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
1 Available Elvax 40W from DuPont .
2 Available as Puresyn 3000 from Mobil
3 Available as Hamposyl L95 (solid) or L30 (30% active in water) from
Hampshire Chemical, e.g.
4 Available as Empigen BS98 from Albright & Wilson (80% betaine, 20% salt)
Available Empigen CDL60 from Albright & Wilson
6 Available as Empicol ESC3 from Albright & Wilson
Available as Empilan CME/G from Albright & Wilson
$ Available as Super Hartolan from Croda
9Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Melt the lipid components, add the water (if applicable) and humectant(s), add
the
surfactant and continue to heat and stir until homogeneous. Cool to room
temperature and add the
skin care actives) and deposition agent(s). Adjust pH to about 7.0 with
sulfuric acid. Set aside
temporarily.
A first substrate and a second substrate are cut to about 12 inch by 9 inch
rectangles. 'The
first substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded
with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 miri in
diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm. The second substrate is a batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15
denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The substrates are sealed together in a
windowpane design
with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808
heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyaunis, MA with sufficient temperature
and pressure to cause
the batting to melt and flow into the first layer and hence form an adequate
seal, usually about
300°F and 30 psi machine pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is
sufficient. The seal is continuous
around the edges and has a single windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-
direction measuring
about 2 mm width. After cooling the article is trimmed to about 11 inches by
8.5 inches. 10 grams
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of the skin cleansing and conditioning component of either Example A or B is
dried down to a
paste and applied to the surfaces of the article using a pipette, half to each
side, in dots each
containing 0.2g of composition.
Example 172
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Prepare a representative skin conditioning component which includes the
following components.
Component Example Example
C D
SEFA* Cottonate 62.0 52.0
Petrolatum 4.5
Stearyl Alcohol
Stearic Acid
Lanolin 20.0 13.0
Ethylene vinyl acetate10.0 10.0
polymers
Polydecene2 2.0
Sodium lauroyl saxcosinate33.00 3.0
Lauryl betaine4 1.50 2.0
Lauroamphoacetate5
Sodium laureth-3
sulfate6
Cocamide MEA'
Sulfuric acid
Guar hydroxypropyltrimonium 0.50
chloride
Cholesterol$ 1.0
Nonylphenol polyglycine 5.0
ether9
Micronized titanium 4.0
dioxide
Octyl methoxycinnamate. 4.0
Nicotinamide 2.5
Glycerin
Water
PEG 6 caprylic/capric
glycerides
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Maleated soybean
oil
Soybean oil (deodorized)
Palm kernel fatty
acids
Polyquaternium-10
Fragrance, preservative,
misc.
*SEFA is an acronym for sucrose esters of fatty acids
1 Available Elvax 40W from DuPont
z Available as Puresyn 3000 from Mobil
3 Available as Hamposyl L95 (solid) or L30 (30% active in water) from
Hampshire Chemical, e.g.
4 Available as Empigen BS98 from Albright & Wilson (80% betaine, 20% salt)
Available Empigen CDL60 from Albright & Wilson
6 Available as Empicol ESC3 from Albright & Wilson
' Available as Empilan CME/G from Albright & Wilson
$ Available as Super Hartolan from Croda
9Hamplex TNP, Hampshire Chemical Co.
Melt the lipid components, add the water (if applicable) and humectant(s), add
the
surfactant and continue to heat and stir until homogeneous. Cool to room
temperature and add the
skin care actives) and deposition agent(s). Adjust pH to about 7.0 with
sulfuric acid. Set aside
temporarily.
A first substrate and a second substrate are cut to about 12 inch by 9 inch
rectangles. The
first substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded
with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in
diameter and having a
basis weight of about 70 gsm. The second substrate is a batting comprising a
blend of 30% 15
denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% IO
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The substrates are sealed together in a
windowpane design
with a heat sealing die utilizing a pxessure-platen heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808
heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature
and pressure to cause
the batting to melt and flow into the first layer and hence form an adequate
seal, usually about
300°F and 30 psi machine pressure sealing for 6-10 seconds is
sufficierxt. The seal is continuous
around the edges and has a single windowpane cross-member in each X- and Y-
direction measuring
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about 2 mm width. After cooling the article is trimmed to about 11 inches by
8.5 inches, and 8
grams of skin cleansing and conditioning component of either Example C or D is
dot coated onto
the articles, 4 grams per side using an X Y table, which is a programmable
controlled metering
system comprising a heated reservoir maintained at about 70°C, a pump,
an on-off valve, a multi-
pipette head and a motorized X Y coordinate control system for the coating
head. The dots contain
about 0.4g of composition and are about 8mm in diameter. The composition cools
quickly on the
surface of the articles. The articles are packaged until ready for use.
Examples 173-175
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
First, prepare liquid cleansing components which include the following
components:
Component Example Example 174 Example
173 175
Sodium laureth 3 sulfate 3.60
Sodium C13/C14 methyl5.00 5.60 4.50
branched sulfate
Sodium paraffin Sulfonate 6.40
Sodium alpha olefin 5.20
sulfonate
S odium lauryl sulfate5 .5 0
Sodium lauroamphoacetate4.50 5.30 3.65
Cocamide MEA 3.55 3.20 2.80
Succinic acid 2.80 ' 5.70 6.00
Sodium succinate 0.10 0.14 0.30
Citric acid 3.00 4.30 5.00
Sodium citrate 1.60 1.10 1.40
Malonic acid 4.00 2.20
Glycerine 10.00 15.00 8.50
Palm kernel 12-18 2.00 3.00
fatty acid
Perfume 1.00 1.20 1.00
MgS04-7H20 0.89 0.90 0.80
Water 54.21 47.61 52.25
Salicylic acid 1.85
Triclosan 0.25
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Trichlorocarbanilide 1.10
Zinc pyrithione 2.00
The cleansing components are applied to one side of a first substrate by
brushing onto one
side of the substrate until 10 grams of composition have been added to a 11
inch by 8.5 inch
section. The substrate is a lofty, low density batting comprising a blend of
30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35%
10 denier
bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight
of about 100 gsm.
The first substrate is dried. A second substrate is laminated to the untreated
side of the first
substrate using an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a
grid of 4 mm diameter
sealing points spaced evenly across the web at 2 cm intervals. The second
substrate is a spunlace
blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene
adhesive, which is
hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm.
The skin conditioning component of Example 20 is dot coated using an extrusion
jetting head fed
by a reservoir of heated composition (60-70°C) on the outer surface of
the second substrate at a
rate of about 3 grams of composition per article. The dots each contain about
O.lg of compostion
and are about 5mm in diameter. The article is allowed to cool, and packaged
until ready for use.
The article confers sustained antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial activity
against both gram
negative and gram positive microorganisms, lathers well, and is relatively
mild to the skin.
Example 176
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
Four grams of the surfactant composition of Example 11 is spread evenly by
hand across a
lofty batting. The batting is a 4 oz/sq yd polyester batting cut to a size of
130 mm by 175 mm,
comprising polyester fibers of about 30 microns average diameter and is
adhesive bonded, available
for example as Mountain Mist Extra Heavy Batting #205 from Steams Textiles,
Cincinnati, OH.
A layer of fibrous nonwoven wluch is a hydroentangled blend of 55% cellulose
and 45% polyester
having a basis weight of about 65 gsm (available as Technicloth II from The
Texwipe Company,
Saddle River, NJ) is placed over the surfactant coated side of the batting.
The layers are sealed
together using interlocking sealing plates using an unheated plate having
inverted thimble-shaped
reservoirs spaced evenly in a hexagonal grid pattern. The thimble shaped
reservoirs are about 1.2
cm diameter at the base and are spaced about 1.5 cm apart, center to-center.
The land area
between the dimples on the unheated plate is convex upwards by several mm,
forming an
interconnected ridge. The heated plate has an external trough which fits
precisely onto the ridge of
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the unheated plate. The heated plate contacts the cellulose/polyester
substrate and a heat seal is
effected using a pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model
808 heat sealer
available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The resulting unfinished article has
topographical features
on both sides, assisting lather generation and also making it easy to grip and
slide across the skin
surface during use. The article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160
mm.
A skin conditioning inverse emulsion paste is prepared for use with the
article, as follows:
Component Per cent
PEG 30-dipolyhydroxystearate3.0
SEFA cottonate 20.0
Petrolatum 4.0
Tribehenin 5.0
C10-C30 Cholesterol/Lanosterol13.0
Esters
SEFA behenate 5.0
Glycerin 50.0
The lipid soluble ingredients are heated to 70C while stirring. Glycerin is
slowly added with
vigorous stirring. The composition is homogenized. Three grams of the skin
conditioning inverse
emulsion paste is pipetted hot into some of the depressed zones on the
cellulose/polyester side of the
article at about 0.2 g per dot. The composition quickly cools to a semi-solid
paste. The article is
packaged until ready for use.
Examples 177-181
Prepare representative skin conditioning articles in the following manner
using the skin
conditioning components of Examples 20, 34, 39, 80, and 85.
The conditioning component is applied to one side of a first substrate by
extruding it
through a coating head continuously in four strips, each 5 mm wide, separated
by a distance of 20
mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making
a pair of
parallel lines on each side of the web. The composition is extruded at a rate
to yield 3 grams of
composition per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70%
rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured to
form holes about 2
mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which
is an airlaid,
lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first substrate
placing it in contact with the
first substrate on the side containing no skin conditioning component. The
batting comprises a
blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET
core and PE
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sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and has a
basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs axe
continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter
sealing points
spaced evenly across the web. The web is cut into individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x
160 mm rectangles with rounded corners, which has a total of about 51 sealing
points per article.
Examples 182-186
Prepare representative skin conditioning articles in the following manner
using the skin
conditioning components of Examples 20, 33, 39, 80, and 94.
The conditioning component is applied to one side of a first substrate by
extruding it
through an extrusion jetting head to form dots each containing about O.OSg of
composition and of
about 3mm diameter. The composition is extruded at a rate to yield 1.1 grams
of composition per
finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET
fibers, bonded with
a styrene-butadiene adhesive, wluch is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm
in diameter and
having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid,
lofty, low density
batting is continuously fed over the first substrate placing it in contact
with the first substrate on
the side containing no skin conditioning component. The batting comprises a
blend of 10% 15
denier PET fibers, 50% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 40% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about 80
grams per square meter (gsm). The webs axe continuously fed to an ultrasonic
sealer which seals a
dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly
across the web. The
web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles
with rounded
corners, which has a total of about 51 sealing points per article. The article
is convenient for
application to smaller areas of skin, for example the face, elbows, neck
and/or feet.
Examples 187-191
Prepare representative skin . cleansing and conditioning axticles utilizing
the skin
conditioning components of Examples 20, 33, 39, 80, and 94.
The cleansing component of Example 11 is applied to one side of a first
substrate by
extruding it through a coating head continuously in four lines separated by a
distance of 20 mm, 40
mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair
of parallel lines
on each side of the web. The cleansing component is extruded at a rate to
yield 0.52 grams of
cleansing component per finished article. The substrate is a spunlace blend of
70% rayon and 30%
PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-butadiene adhesive, which is hydroapertured
to form holes about
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2 mm in diameter and having a basis weight of about 70 gsm. A second substrate
web which is an
airlaid, lofty, low density batting is continuously fed over the first
substrate placing it in contact
with the surfactant layer. The batting comprises a blend of 10% 15 denier PET
fibers, 50% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 40% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 80 grams per
square meter
(gsm). A third substrate web which is the same as the second substrate web is
continuously fed
over the second substrate web placing it in contact with the second substrate.
The webs are
continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm
diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. Skin conditioning
component is dot coated
from a hot reservoir pumped through an extrusion jetting head onto both sides
of the substrate web
at a rate equal to 1.25 grams of skin conditioning component per finished
article. The composition
is distributed in dots each containing about 0.07g of composition and having a
diameter of about
4mm and located in some of the sealing points. The article is passed across a
cooling fan so the
composition cools quickly on the article outer surfaces. The web is cut into
individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x 90 mm rectangles with rounded corners.
Example 192 " .
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning kits in the following
manner.
A skin cleansing article is prepared. The cleansing component of Example 11 is
applied to
one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head
continuously in four lines
separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm respectively, measuring
widthwise across
the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web. The
cleansing component is
extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing component per finished
article. The substrate is a
spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene .adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about
70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is
continuously fed over the
first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant layer. The batting
comprises a blend of 30%
15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). The webs are continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which
seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced
evenly across the web.
The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm
rectangles with rounded
corners.
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A skin conditioning article is prepared. The conditioning component of Example
39 is
applied to one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating
head continuously in four
strips, each 5 mm wide, separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mm
respectively,
measuring widthwise across the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each
side of the web. The
composition is extruded at a rate to yield 3 grains of composition per
finished article. The
substrate is a spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a
styrene-butadiene
adhesive, which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mrn in diameter and
having a basis weight
of about 70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting
is continuously fed
over the first substrate placing it in contact with the first substrate on the
side containing no skin
conditioning component. The batting comprises a blend of 30% 15 denier PET
fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier
bicomponent fibers of
the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams
per square meter
(gsm). The webs are continuously fed to an ultrasonic sealer which seals a dot
pattern comprising
a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced evenly across the web. The web
is cut into
individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 160 mm rectangles with rounded
corners, which has
a total of about 51 sealing points per article.
The skin cleansing article and the skin conditioning axticle are packaged
together in a single
package.
Example 193
Prepare representative. skin cleansing and conditioning kits in the following
manner.
A skin cleansing article is prepared. The cleansing component of Example 11 is
applied to
one side of a first substrate by extruding it through a coating head
continuously in four lines
separated by a distance of 20 mm, 40 mm, and 20 mrn respectively, measuring
widthwise across
the web, making a pair of parallel lines on each side of the web. The
cleansing component is
extruded at a rate to yield 4.4 grams of cleansing component per finished
article. The substrate is a
spunlace blend of 70% rayon and 30% PET fibers, bonded with a styrene-
butadiene adhesive,
which is hydroapertured to form holes about 2 mm in diameter and having a
basis weight of about
70 gsm. A second web which is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting is
continuously fed over the
first substrate placing it in contact with the surfactant layer. The batting
comprises a blend of 30%
15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per squaxe meter (gsm), The webs are continuously fed to an
ultrasonic sealer which
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seals a dot pattern comprising a grid of 4 mm diameter sealing points spaced
evenly across the web.
The web is cut into individual articles measuring about 120 mm x 480 mm
rectangles with rounded
corners.
A skin conditioning article is prepared. A substrate is prepared which is a
hydroentangled
blend of fibers, having softer, finer denier fibers on one side and coarser
fibers on the second side.
The substrate is prepared by airlaying two webs comprising 10 denier polyester
(PET) fibers, one
web on top of the other, each having a basis weight of about 20 gsm. A web of
polypropylene
scrim having a diameter about 100 microns, laced at about 0.8 cm intervals is
fed over the fibrous
webs continuously as a third web. Fourth and fifth webs comprising 3 denier
polyester fibers are
airlaid at about 20 gsm each on top of the web. The webs are hydroentangled
and to fix them into
a single web unit, and dried on drying cans until moisture free and about 20%
shrinkage due to
relaxation of the scrim has occurred. A low Tg (about 5°C) waterborne
acrylic adhesive copolymer
is added to the coarse fiber side of the web by kiss roll application at a
rate of about 7 gsm wet
add-on rate, and dried. The skin conditioning component of Example 26 is added
to the web by
slot coating the composition in a stripe 5mm by 90mm on both sides of the web
at a rate of about
25 gsm on each side. The substrate web is cut into individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x
100 mm rectangles with rounded corners using a hot cutting roll causing the
scrim fibers to shrink
back slightly from the edge of the article as they are cut.
The skin cleansing article and the skin conditioning article are packaged
together in a single
package.
Example 194
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
A first side is prepared. A first layer of the first side is prepared which is
a polyester
batting having a basis weight of 2 oz/yd2 and is comprised of a blend of
fibers of about 23 microns
and 40 microns average diameter, at least some of which are crimped. The
thickness of the batting
is about 0.23 in. measured at 5 gsi. The batting has an air permeability of
about 1270 cfm/ft2 and
a foam permeability critical pressure of about 2.7 cm H20. The batting is
believed to be heat-
bonded, utilizing no adhesive. The batting is cut into a 10 inch square. A
second layer of the first
side is prepared which is a 10 inch square sheet of microapertured 100 mesh
formed film prepared
by forming hydroapertures at high pressure on a drum comprising a 100 mesh
forming screen (e.g.,
as disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 4,629,643). The sheet is laid on the first
layer with the male
apertured side facing up. Twenty-five grams of the skin cleansing component of
Example 1 is
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placed on the center of the first side. The composition is slightly flattened,
shaped to be about 1/2
inch thick and several inches in diameter. A layer of an impermeable
polyethylene film is placed
across the composition, measuring the same 10 inch square dimension as the
first layer. Twenty-
five grams of the skin conditioning component of Example 88 is shaped the same
as the cleansing
component, and placed on top of the filin in the same x-y position as the
surfactant. A layer of a
microapertured and macroapertured formed film which (also disclosed in U. S.
Patent No.
4,629,643) is placed with the male side of the macroapertures facing towards
the composition and
the male side of the microapertures facing up. The layer is also cut to a 10
inch square. _ A last
layer is prepared which is a hydroentangled blend of fibers, having soft, fine
denier fibers. The
layer is prepared by airlaying two webs comprising 3 denier polyester (PET)
fibers, one web on top
of the other, each having a basis weight of about 17 gsm. A web of an
elastomeric scrim having
fibers of about 100 micron diameter in one direction laced with fibers of
about 40 micron diameter
in the other direction, laced at about 1.0 cm intervals, is fed over the
fibrous webs continuously as a
third web. Such a web is available from Conwed Plastics, Minneapolis, MN.
Fourth and fifth
webs comprising 3 denier polyester fibers are airlaid at about 17 gsm each on
top of the web. The
webs are hydroentangled to fix them into a single web unit, and dried on
drying cans until moisture
free. The web is creped due to web tension during the hydroentangling and
drying process and
subsequent relaxation after processing. A piece of the layer is cut to a size
of about 10 inches by
inches and placed over the top of the other layers. The layers are sealed
together with a
pressure-platen type heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat
sealer available from
Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. A recessed (unheated) bottom plate is used which is
shaped to contain the
composition, and a recessed (heated) top plate which matches the bottom plate
around the circular
sealing rim is used to effect a heat seal. Typical sealing conditions are
300°C for about 3.5 seconds
dwell time with a supply pressure of about 30 psig to the machine, but will
vary according to the
sealing apparatus used. The article is trimmed and packaged until ready for
use.
Examples 195-198
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
hotmelt cleansing
components of Examples 7, 13, 14, and 15 in the following manner.
A substrate is prepared which is a hydroentangled blend of fibers, having
softer, finer
denier fibers on one side acid coarser fibers on the second side. The
substrate is prepared by
airlaying two webs comprising 10 denier polyester (PET) fibers, one web on top
of the other, each
having a basis weight of about 20 gsm. A web of polypropylene scrim having a
diameter about
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100 microns, laced at about 0.8 cm intervals is fed over the fibrous webs
continuously as a third
web. Fourth and fifth webs comprising 3 denier polyester fibers are airlaid at
about 20 gsm each
on top of the web. The webs are hydroentangled and to fix them into a single
web unit, and dried
on drying cans until moisture free and about 20% shrinkage due to relaxation
of the scrim has
occurred. An intermediate Tg (about 15°C) waterborne acrylic copolymer
is added to the coarse
fiber side of the web by kiss roll application at a rate of about 5 gsm wet
add-on rate, and dried.
Surfactant is continuously added to the web by slot coating the composition
evenly across the web
coarse fiber side at a rate of about 80 gsm. The skin conditioning component
of Example 19 is
added to the web by dot coating the composition across the web soft fiber side
at a rate of about 3g
per finished article. The dots each contain about O.lg of composition and are
about Smm in
diameter, the dots of composition are located together in a patch such that
they are in the center of
the finished article. The substrate web is cut into individual articles
measuring about 120 mm x
480 mm rectangles with rounded corners using a hot cutting roll causing the
scrim fibers to shrink
back slightly from the edge of the article as they are cut.
Examples 199-203
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles using the skin
cleansing
components of Examples 6, 8, 10, 11 and 17 in the following manner.
A substrate is prepared which is a hydroentangled blend of fibers, having
softer, finer
denier fibers on one side and coarser fibers on the second side. The substrate
is prepared by
airlaying two webs comprising 10 denier polyester (PET) fibers, one web on top
of the other, each
having a basis weight of about 20 gsm. A web of an elastomeric scrim having
fibers of about 100
micron diameter in one direction laced with fibers of about 40 micron diameter
in the other
direction, laced at about 1.0 cm intervals, is fed over the fibrous webs
continuously as a third web.
Such a web is available from Conwed Plastics, Minneapolis, MN. Fourth and
fifth webs
comprising 3 denier polyester fibers are airlaid at about 20 gsm each on top
of the web. The webs
are hydroentangled and to fix them into a single web unit, and dried on drying
cans until moisture
free. An intermediate Tg (about 15°C) waterborne acrylic copolymer is
added to the coarse fiber
side of the web by kiss roll application at a rate of about 5 gsm wet add-on
rate, and dried. An
articles is prepared by cutting from web a 10 in. by 8 in. rectangle and
brushing on about 12 gm. of
liquid surfactant composition, and drying in a convection oven. The skin
conditioning component
of Example 19 is added to the web by dot coating the composition across the
web soft fiber side at
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a rate of about 3g per finished article. The dots each contain about O.lg of
composition and are
about 5mm in diameter. The articles axe packaged until ready for use.
Example 204
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
A first substrate is prepared. The first substrate is an airlaid, lofty, low
density batting
comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent
fibers with PET core
and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath
composition, and
has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The batting is
embossed with a
shaped, heated embossing roll leaving an imprinted land area surrounding
raised, button-like
repeating units which are shaped like light bulbs and which forms a material
representative of a
loop portion of a hook-and-loop type fastening system. Such a material is
available from PGI
Nonwovens, Benson, NC. 4.4 grams of the skin cleansing component of Example 11
is applied
evenly to the back (flat side) of a 10 inch by 8.5 inch rectangle of the first
substrate. A second
substrate which is a lofty, high wet strength, adhesive bonded cellulose paper
towel with a basis
weight of about 53 gsm is cut to a size of about 10 inches by 8.5 inches. A
useful towel is
available from The Procter & Gamble Company and marketed as Bounty Rinse &
Reuse ~, which
retains its Z-direction height when wet, and which has a thickness of about
0.047 inches at 5 gsi by
being wet-formed on a shaped belt. The substrates are heat bonded at the edge
and 4 dots in the
article center (5 mm diameter, spaced evenly from each other and the nearest
edge) using a
pressure-platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer
available from
Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The article is trimmed, and 3 grams of the skin
conditioning component of
Example 19 is applied hot by pipetting it into the four sealing points in the
centre of each side of
the article and allowing it to cool. The article is packaged until ready for
use.
Example 205
Prepare a representative skin cleansing and conditioning article in the
following manner.
A substrate is prepared on an airlaying process. A thin first web of 20 gsm
continuous
polypropylene filamented fiber is fed to a continuous forming screen.
Cellulose (Kraft fiber)
comprising a second web is airlaid onto the first web at a rate of 100 gsm.
The surfactant
composition of Example 4 is co-metered with the cellulose fibers at a rate of
about 80 gsm. A
third web which is the same as the first web is fed onto the airlaid
cellulose. A substrate is
prepared by heat bonding the edges and dot sealing about 51, 3 mm points of a
10 inch by 8.5 inch
rectangular section of the composite web. The skin conditioning component of
Example 93 is
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melted and dot coated using an extrusion jetting head to form dots containing
about O.lg of
composition onto both sides of the article at a rate of 3 grams of composition
per article, or 1.5
grams per side, followed by rapid cooling. ~ The article is packaged until
ready for use.
Example 206
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning in the following
manner.
The article of Example 205 is prepared with the exception that a biodegradable
polylactic
acid polymer is substituted for the polypropylene to make a biodegradable
article.
Example 207
A representative cleansing and conditioning article is prepared in the
following manner.
A layer of a lofty, high wet strength, adhesive bonded cellulose paper towel
with a basis
weight of about 53 gsm is cut to a size of about 10 inches by 9 inches with
folds in each direction.
A useful towel is available from The Procter & Gamble Company and marketed as
Bounty Rinse
& Reuse ~, which retains its Z-direction height when wet, and which has a
thickness of about
0.047 inches at 5 gsi by being wet-formed on a shaped belt. The cellulose
layer is dipped in the
surfactant composition of Example 8 until it absorbs six grams of the
composition, and the
composition is dried. The skin conditioning component of any one of the
Examples 58-77 is
melted and dot coated using an extrusion jetting head to form dots containing
about O.lg of
composition onto both sides of the axticle at a rate of 3 grams of composition
per article, or 1.5
grams per side, followed by rapid cooling. The article is packaged until ready
for use. The article
advantageously provides an easy to-hold cleaning implement which is gentle to
skin and provides
tear-free cleaning for a child's entire body, hair and face, is easy to
dispose of, and biodegradable.
Examples 208-209
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner,
utilizing the skin conditioning components of Examples 78 and 81.
The low water activity cleansing component of Example 2 is three-roll milled
with
aluminosilicate (available as Advera 401 N from The PQ Corporation, Valley
Forge, PA, which
generates heat due to an exothermic reaction upon exposure to water) in a
ratio of 1:1. Ten grams
the cleansing component is applied to one side of a layer of batting. The
batting is an airlaid, lofty,
low density batting comprising a blend of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3
denier bicomponent
fibers with PET core and PE sheath, and 35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of
the same core-
sheath composition, and has a basis weight of about 100 grams per square meter
(gsm). The
surfactant is applied fibers in four quadrants together forming a rectangle
about 10 inches by 12
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inches, leaving space at the edge and between quadrants to seal layers without
the presence of
surfactant. A second nonwoven layer is prepared which is hydroapertured,
comprising polyester
fibers of about 10 microns diameter and containing within it an interlaced
scrim having a fiber
diameters about 100 microns running across the width of the nonwoven and about
250 microns
orthogonal to the width, laced (bonded) at about 1 cm intervals. Such a scrim
is available from
Conwed plastics, Minneapolis, MN. The second rlonwoven has a basis weight of
about 70 gsm,
and is slightly creped due to web tension during manufacture of the nonwoven,
and subsequent
relaxation of the tension. The layers are sealed together using point bonds
and also a 2 mm wide
seal around the perimeter with a heat sealing die utilizing a pressure-platen
heat sealing device such
as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA. The
point bonds
measure about 3 mm diameter each and there are about 51 individual sealing
points evenly spaced.
The article is trimmed, and 4 grams of skin conditioning component is applied
to the lofty batting
side of the article using an extrusion jetting head to apply the composition
at 60°C in dots in some
of the sealing points. The composition quickly cools on the article surface
and is stored in a sealed,
metallized film package until ready for use.
Example 210
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles with the
liquid cleansing
component of Example 6 and the skin conditioning components of any one of
Examples 78-82 in
the following manner.
Liquid surfactant composition is applied to one side of a first substrate by
coating with a
brush until 2 grams of solid surfactant has been applied, in a windowpane
design avoiding the
edges and the sealing loci. The substrate is an airlaid, lofty, low density
batting comprising a blend
of 30% 15 denier PET fibers, 35% 3 denier bicomponent fibers with PET core and
PE sheath, and
35% 10 denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has
a basis weight of
about 100 grams per square meter (gsm). The composition is dried. A second
substrate which is a
high wet strength, adhesive bonded cellulose paper towel with good loft and a
basis weight of about
53 gsm is placed over the surfactant exposed side of the batting. A useful
towel is available from
The Procter & Gamble Company and marketed as Bounty Rinse & Reuse ~, which
retains its Z-
direction height when wet, and which has a thickness of about 0.047 inches at
5 gsi. The layers are
sealed together in a rectangular windowpane shape with a heat sealing die
utilizing a pressure-
platen heat sealing device such as a Sentinel Model 808 heat sealer available
from Sencorp,
Hyannis, MA with sufficient temperature and pressure to form an adequate seal.
The seal is
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continuous around the edges and has a single windowpane cross-member in each X-
and Y-
direction measuring about 2 mm width. The article is trimmed, and 1.5 grams of
skin conditioning
component is applied to the lofty batting side of the article by an extrusion
jetting head to form dots
of coating, the jetting head is supplied with composition at 60°C. If
necessary, the composition
dots are quickly dried on the article surface such that they do not expand
substantially in size.
Otherwise, the composition dots are allowed to cool. The article is stored in
a sealed, metallized
film package until ready for use.
Example 211
Prepare representative skin cleansing and conditioning articles in the
following manner,
utilizing the skin conditioning components of Example 89.
Four grams of the surfactant composition of Example 11 is spread evenly by
hand across a
lofty batting. The batting is an airlaid, lofty, low density batting
comprising a blend of 30% 15
denier PET fibers, 35% 3 deicer bicomponent fibers with PET core and PE
sheath, and 35% 10
denier bicomponent fibers of the same core-sheath composition, and has a basis
weight of about
100 grams per square meter (gsm). A layer of fibrous nonwoven which is a
hydroentangled blend
of 55% cellulose and 45% polyester having a basis weight of about 65 gsm
(available as
Technicloth II from The Texwipe Company, Saddle River, NJ) is placed under
over the surfactant
coated side of the batting. The layers are sealed together using interlocking
sealing plates using an
unheated plate having inverted thimble-shaped reservoirs spaced evenly in a
hexagonal grid pattern.
The thimble shaped reservoirs are about 1.2 cm diameter at the base and are
spaced about 2 cm
apart, center to-center. The land area between the dimples on the unheated
plate is concave
inwards by several mm, forming an interconnected trough. The heated plate has
an external ridge
which fit precisely into the trough on the land area of the unheated plate.
The heated plate contacts
the cellulose/polyester substrate and a heat seal is effected using pressure-
platen heat sealing device
such as a Sentiilel Model 808 heat sealer available from Sencorp, Hyannis, MA.
The resulting
unfinished article has pronounced thimble shapes rising up on the batting
side, and shorter dimples
or 'buttons' rising up on the cellulose/polyester substrate side of the
axticle, making both sides easy
to grip. The article is cut into a rectangle about 120 mm by 160 mm. Three
grams of skin
conditioning component per article is pipetted into the trough axea while the
composition is hot, and
allowed to cool and solidify. The article is packaged until ready for use.
Example 212
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A representative personal care kit comprising a skin cleansing and
conditioning article is
prepared by packaging the article of Example 176 with a drying article which
comprises at least
one substrate layer.
Example 213
A representative personal care kit comprising a skin cleansing and
conditioning article is
prepared by packaging the article of Example 172 with an drying article which
comprises at least
one substrate layer and a anti-cellulite composition which is impregnated into
said substrate layer.
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