Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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POUCHED COMPOSITIONS COMPRlStNG PERACID
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of detergent compositions,
especially
detergent compositions for use in the process of washing fabrics.
Background
io Many consumers do not want to come into contact with detergent ingredients
commonly used and found in detergent products, during the washing process.
The detergent industry has been trying to prevent or minimize the contact
between detergent ingredients and the consumer. For example, the detergent
industry developed detergent tablets which minimized the generation of
detergent ingredients in the form of dust when handled by a consumer during
the
washing process. However, these detergent tablets still produce dust when
handled by consumers during the washing process. Thus, there is stili a need
to
provide a detergent product which can be used by consumers wherein the
contact between the detergent ingredients therein and the consumer is
prevented
2o or futther minimized.
Attempts have been made to solve this problem by enclosing the detergent
ingredients with a film, to form a detergent pouch. These pouched detergents
have been further developed by the laundry industry to improve their water-
26 solubility profile and cleaning performance.
In addition, consumers like the benefits of having unit dose detergent
products,
for example detergent tablets and detergent pouches. Many consumers find unit
dose detergent products easier and quicker to use during the washing process.
3o For example, by using unit dose detergent products, the amount of detergent
to
be used during the washing process is already pre-selected for the consumer,
negating the need for the consumer to determine, and weight out, the desired
amount of detergent product which can be a difficult and time consuming
procedure.
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2
Unit dose detergent products in the form of a pouch are known. For example
EP0158464, US4846992, US4886615, US4929380 and US6037319 relate to a
detergent pouch. Multi-compartment pouches are also known. For example,
EP0236136 relates to a multi-compartment pouch. US4973410 relates to a
pouch containing an aqueous liquid laundry detergent comprising alkanolamine
which acts as an organic neutralisation system to improve product stability
and
detergent performance.
It is also known to use a multi-compartment pouch to separate bleach from
solid
ingredients which have a high moisture content. For example, EP0414463
relates to a multi-compartment pouch containing particulate sodium
percarbonate
and optionally other particulate materials in one compartment and powder
ingredients containing a high free moisture content, for example
aluminosilicates,
in a different compartment.
However, pouches, or compartments of multi-compartment pouches, which
contain a granular bleach composition, have a tendency to dispense bleach
ingredients into the wash liquor in an uneven manner. For example, the bleach
ingredients may be dispensed in a manner such that results in areas of the
wash
liquor having a high level of bleach activity, which increases the risk of
patchy
damage occurring to fabrics. This is especially true when the multi-
compartment
pouch is added directly to the drum of an automatic washing machine.
The inventors have overcome the above problem associated with the dispensing
of a composition comprising a bleach ingredient from a multi-compartment
pouch, by providing a composition in a water-soluble pouch, said pouch
comprises at least two compartments, each compartment contains a different
component of said composition, wherein a first compartment contains a first
component which comprises a liquid matrix and a source of peracid.
The inventors have found that it is the source of peracid that is the problem
and
the inventors have found that if the source of peracid is either dissolved in
a
liquid, and/or is in the form of a suspended particle, then the source of
peracid is
more evenly dispensed from a compartment of a multi-compartment pouch, and
do not remain in said compartment, or give rise to areas of increased bleach
activity.
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3
The multi-compartment pouch of the present invention also has the advantages
described above, for example, enabling the source of peracid and peracid
incompatible ingredients to be contained in different compartments of the
pouch to
increase the stability of said ingredients during storage, and to maintain the
performance of the composition contained in the multi-compartment pouch.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides an article comprising a composition in a water-
soluble
pouch, said pouch comprises at least two compartments, and each compartment
contains a different component of said composition, wherein a first
compartment
contains a first component and said first component comprises a liquid matrix
and a
source of peracid.
The present invention also provides a use of a composition in a water-soluble
pouch,
said pouch comprises at least two compartments, and each compartment contains
a
different component of said composition, wherein a first compartment contains
a first
component and said first component comprises a liquid matrix and a source of
peracid, in a laundry process.
In one particular embodiment there is provided an article comprising a water-
soluble pouch and a fabric care composition, wherein the pouch contains the
composition; wherein the composition comprises at least a first component and
a second component; wherein the pouch comprises at least a first compartment
and a second compartment; wherein the first compartment comprises the first
component; wherein the second compartment comprises the second
component; wherein the first component comprises a liquid matrix, a source of
peracid and a fabric softening agent.
Detailed Descriation of the Invention
Pouch and material thereof
The water-soluble pouch of the invention, herein referred to as "pouch",
comprises at
least two compartments. Each compartment contains a different component of a
composition. Said composition and components thereof are described in more
detail
hereinafter.
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3a
The pouch herein is typically a closed structure, made of materials described
herein,
enclosing a volume space which is separated into at least two, preferably two
compartments. The pouch can be of any form, shape and material which is
suitable
to hold the composition, e.g. without allowing the release of the composition
from the
pouch prior to contact of the pouch to water. The exact execution will depend
on, for
example, the type and amount of the composition in
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the pouch, the number of compartments in the pouch, the characteristics
required from the pouch to hold, protect and deliver or release the
composition
and/or components thereof.
The pouch may be of such a size that it conveniently contains either a unit
dose
amount of the composition herein, suitable for the required operation, for
example one wash, or only a partial dose, to allow the consumer greater
flexibility
to vary the amount used, for example depending on the size and/or degree of
soiling of the wash load.
The pouch is typically made from a water-soluble material, preferably a water-
soluble material, which encloses an inner volume space, said inner volume
space is divided into the compartments of the pouch. Said inner volume space
of
the pouch is preferably enclosed by a water-soluble material in such a manner
that the inner volume space is separated from the outside environment.
The composition, or components thereof, are contained in the volume space of
the pouch, and are typically separated from the outside environment by a
barrier
of water-soluble material. Typically, different components of the composition
which are contained in different compartments of the pouch, are separated from
each other by a barrier of water-soluble material.
The term "separated" means for the purpose of this invention "physically
distinct,
in that a first ingredient comprised by a compartment is prevented from
contacting a second ingredient if said second ingredient is not comprised by
the
same compartment which comprises said first ingredient".
The term "outside environment" means for the purpose of this invention
"anything
which is not contained within the pouch or compartment thereof, and is not
part
of the pouch or compartment thereof'.
The compartment is suitable to hold the component of the composition, e.g.
without allowing the release of the component from the compartment prior to
contact of the pouch to water. The compartment can have any form or shape,
depending on the nature of the material of the compartment, the nature of the
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component or composition, and the intended use and amount of the component
or composition.
The compartments of the pouch may be of a different colour from each other,
for
5 example a first compartment may be green or blue, and a second compartment
may be white or yellow. One compartment of the pouch may be opaque or semi-
opaque, and a second compartment of the pouch may be translucent,
transparent, or semi-transparent. The compartments of the pouch may be the
same size, having the same internal volume, or may be different sizes having
1o different internal volumes.
It may be preferred that the compartment which contains a component which is
liquid, also contains an air bubble, preferably the air bubble has a volume of
no
more than 50%, more preferably no more than 40%, more preferably no more
than 30%, more preferably no more than 20%, more preferably no more than
10%, more preferably no more than 5% of the volume space of said
compartment. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the
presence of the air bubble increases the tolerance of the compartment to the
movement of a liquid component within the compartment, thus reducing the risk
of the liquid component leaking from the compartment.
The pouch is preferably made from a water-soluble material, herein referred to
as "pouch material". The pouch itself, and typically the pouch material, is
typically
water-dispersible and has a water-dispersibility of at least 50%, preferably
at
least 75% or even at least 95%, as measured by the gravimetric method set out
hereinafter, using a glass-filter with a maximum pore size of 50 microns.
The pouch itself, and preferably the pouch material, is water-soluble, and has
a
water-solubility of at least 50%, preferably at least 75% or even at least
95%, as
measured by the method set out hereinafter using a glass-filter with a maximum
pore size of 20 microns, namely:
Gravimetric method for determining water-dispersibility and water-solubility
of the
material of the pouch:
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50 grams t 0.1 gram of materia( is added in a 400 ml beaker, whereof the
weight
-has been determined, and 245m1 1 ml of distilled water is added. This is
stirred
vigorously on magnetic stirrer set at 600 rpm, for 30 minutes. Then, the
mixture is
fiitered through a folded qualitafive sintered-glass filter with the pore
sizes as
defined above (max. 20 or 50 micron). The water is dried off from the
collected
filtrate by any conventional method, and the weight of the remaining material
is
determined (which is the dissolved or dispersed fraction). Then, the %
solubility
or dispersability can be calculated.
l0 Preferred pouch. materials are polymeric materials, preferably polymers
which
are formed into a film or sheet. The pouch material can, for example, be
obtained
by casting, blow-moulding, extrusion or blow extrusion of the polymeric
material,
as known in the art.
i5 Preferred polymers, copolymers or derivatives thereof suitable for use as
pouch
material are selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,
polyalkylene
oxides, acrylamide, acrylic acid, cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose
esters,
cellulose amides, polyvinyl acetates, polycarboxylic acids and salts,
polyaminoacids or peptides, polyamides, polyacrylamide, copolymers of
20 mateic/acrylic acids, polysaccharides including starch and gelatine,
natural gums
such as xanthum and carragum. More preferred polymers are selected from
polyacrylates and water-soluble acrylate copolymers,. methylcellulose,
carboxymethyicellulose sodium, dextrin, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl
cellulose,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, maltodextrin, polymethacrylates, and most
25 preferably selected from polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol copolymers
and
hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), and combinations thereof. Preferably,
the level of polymer in the pouch material, for example a PVA polymer, is at
least
60%.
30 The polymer can have any weight average molecular weight, preferably from
about 1000 to 1,000,000, or even 10,000 to 300,000 or even from 15,000 to
200,000 or even from 20,000 to 150,000.
Mixtures of polymers can also be used as the pouch material. This may in
35 particular be beneficial to control the mechanical and/or dissolution
properties of
the compartments or pouch, depending on the application thereof and the
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7
required needs. For example, it may be preferred that a mixture of polymers is
present in the pouch material, whereby one polymer has a higher water-
solubility
than another polymer, and/or one polymer has a higher mechanical strength than
another polymer. It may be preferred that a mixture of polymers is used,
having
different weight average molecular weights, for example a mixture of PVA or a
copolymer thereof of a weight average molecular weight of 10,000- 40,000,
preferably around 20,000, and of PVA or copolymer thereof, with a weight
average molecular weight of about 100,000 to 300,000, preferably around
150,000.
Also useful are polymer blend compositions, for example comprising
hydrolytically degradable and water-soluble polymer blend such as polylactide
and polyvinyl alcohol, achieved by the mixing of polylactide and polyvinyl
alcohol,
typically comprising 1-35% by weight polylactide and approximately from 65% to
99% by weight polyvinyl alcohol, if the material is to be water-soluble.
It may be preferred that the polymer present in the pouch material is from 60%
to
98% hydrolysed, preferably 80% to 90%, to improve the dissolution of the
material.
Most preferred pouch materials are films which comprise a PVA polymer with
similar properties to the film which comprises a PVA polymer and is known
under
the trade reference M8630, as sold by Chris-Craft Industrial Products of Gary,
Indiana, US. Other preferred films suitable for use herein have similar
properties
to films that are known under the trade reference PT film or the K-series of
films
supplied by Aicello, or VF-HP film supplied by Kuraray.
The pouch material herein may comprise other additive ingredients than a
polymer. For example, it may be beneficial to add plasticisers, for example
glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethyleneglycol, propylene glycol, sorbitol and
mixtures
thereof, additional water, disintegrating aids. It may be useful when the
pouched
composition is a detergent composition, that the pouch material itself
comprises
a detergent additive to be delivered to the wash water, for example organic
polymeric soil release agents, dispersants, dye transfer inhibitors.
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The pouch can be prepared according to the known methods in the art. More
specifically, the pouch is typically prepared by first cutting an
appropriately sized
piece of pouch material, preferably the pouch material is in the form of a
film.
The pouch material is then typically folded to form the necessary number and
size of compartments and the edges are sealed using any suitable technology,
for example heat sealing, wet sealing or pressure sealing. In a preferred
embodiment, a sealing source is contacted to the pouch material and heat or
pressure is applied to the pouch material, and the pouch material is sealed.
lo The pouch material is typically fitted around a mould and vacuum pulled so
that it
is flush with the inner surface of the mould, thus forming a vacuum formed
indent or niche in said pouch material. Preferably, the pouch material is
introduced to a mould, and a vacuum is applied to the mould, so that the pouch
material adopts the shape of the mould, also referred to as vacuum-forming.
Another preferred method is thermo-forming to get the pouch material to adopt
the shape of the mould. Thermo-forming typically involves the step of
formation
of an open pouch in a mould under application of heat, which allows the pouch
material to take on the shape of the mould.
Typically more than one piece of pouch material is used to make the pouch. For
example, a first piece of pouch material may be vacuum pulled into the mould
so
that said pouch material is flush with the inner walls of the mould. A second
piece
of pouch material may be positioned such that it at least partially overlaps,
preferably completely overlaps, with the first piece of pouch material. The
first
piece of pouch material and second piece of pouch material are sealed
together.
The first piece of pouch material and second piece of pouch material can be
the
same type of material or can be different types of material.
In a preferred process to make the pouch, a piece of pouch material is folded
at
least twice, or at least three pieces of pouch material are used, or at least
two
pieces of pouch material are used wherein at least one piece of pouch material
is
folded at least once. The third piece of pouch material, or a folded piece of
pouch
material, creates a barrier layer that, when the sachet is sealed, divides the
internal volume of said sachet into at least two or more compartments.
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The pouch can also be prepared by fitting a first piece of the pouch material
into
a mould, for example the first piece of film may be vacuum pulled into the
mould
so that said film is flush with the inner walls of the mould. A composition,
or
component thereof, is typically poured into the mould. A pre-sealed
compartment
made of pouch material, is then typically placed over the mould containing the
composition, or component thereof. The pre-sealed compartment preferably
contains a composition, or component thereof. The pre-sealed compartment and
said first piece of pouch material may be sealed together to form the pouch.
1o Source of peracid
The source of peracid herein is any source capable of releasing peracid into
the
wash liquor upon dispensing of the composition from the pouch. The source of
peracid may be a peracid or may be capable of forming peracid in-situ either
in
the compartment of then pouch during storage, or in the wash liquor upon
dissolution of the composition from the pouch. The source of peracid may
require
activation by, contact with, interaction with a second molecule, for example a
source of peroxide or water, before peracid is formed from, or released by,
the
source of peracid. For example, the source of peracid may be a peracid
precursor, such as TAED, or may be a pre-formed peracid, such as PAP. Peracid
precursors and pre-formed peracids are described in more detail hereinafter.
The source of peracid is either dissolved and/or suspended in the liquid
matrix of
the first component of the composition. The first component of the composition
is
described in more detail hereinafter. Preferably, the source of peracid is in
the
form of a suspended particle.
The source of peracid is preferably contained in a different compartment from
peracid incompatible ingredients. These peracid incompatible ingredients are
3o described in more detail hereinafter.
It may be preferred that the source of peracid is contained in a different
compartment to other optional bleaching ingredients and bleach auxiliary
ingredients. Optional bleaching ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients
are
described in more detail hereinafter. This prevents the optional bleach
ingredients and bleach auxiliary reagents from interacting with each, and
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activating, the source of peracid, before the composition is dispensed to the
wash liquor.
Peracid precursor
5
The source of peracid preferably comprises a peracid precursor. Preferred
peracid precursors are peroxyacid bleach precursors, perbenzoic acid
precursors
and derivatives thereof, cationic peroxyacid precursors, alkyl percarboxylic
acid
bleach precursors, amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursors and
1o combinations thereof.
It may be preferred that the composition and/or the first component thereof,
comprises at least two peroxyacid bleach precursors, preferably at least one
hydrophobic peroxyacid bleach precursor and at least one hydrophilic peroxy
acid bleach precursor.
It may even be preferred for a second component of the composition to comprise
a peracid precursor, which is in addition to the peracid precursor comprised
by
the first component of the composition. The peracid precursor of the second
component may be a different type of peracid precursor to the peracid
precursor
of the first component, or may the same type of peracid precursor to the
peracid
precursor of the first component. Preferably, if present, the peracid
precursor of
the second component is a different type to the peracid precursor of the first
component. For example, the peracid precursor of the first component may be a
hydrophilic peracid precursor and the peracid precursor of the second
component may be a hydrophobic peracid precursor, or vice versa. This allows
greater flexibility in the formulation of the composition and may also reduce
the
instability of the composition, and the peracid precursors comprised therein.
3o The peroxy acid bleach precursor preferably comprises a compound having a
oxy-benzene sulphonate group, preferably nonanoyl oxy benzene sulphonate
(NOBS), sodium 3,5,5-tri-methyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (iso-NOBS),
benzoyl oxy benzene sulphonate (BOBS), decanoyl oxy benzene sulphonate
(DOBS), dodecanoyl oxy benzene sulphonate (DDOBS) and/ or nonanoyl amido ,
caproic oxy benzene sulphonate (NAC-OBS). Other preferred peroxy acid bleach
precursor preferably comprises tetraacetyl ethylene diamine (TAED).
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Peroxyacid bleach precursor
Peroxyacid bleach precursors are compounds which react with hydrogen
peroxide in a perhydrolysis reaction to produce a peroxyacid. Generally
peroxyacid bleach precursors may be represented by the general formula:
0
wherein, L is a leaving group, and X is essentially any functionality, such
that on
lo perhydrolysis the structure of the peroxyacid produced has the general
formula:
O
11
X-C-OOH
Peroxyacid bleach precursors are preferably incorporated at a level of from
0.1 %
to 20% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 10% by weight, most preferably
from 1.5% to 5% by weight of the composition.
Suitable peroxyacid bleach precursors typically contain one or more N- or 0-
acyl
groups. These precursors can be selected from a wide range of classes.
Suitable classes include anhydrides, esters, imides, lactams and acylated
derivatives of imidazoles and oximes. Examples of useful materials within
these
classes are disclosed in GB-A-1586789. Suitable esters are disclosed in GB-A-
836988, 864798, 1147871, 2143231 and EP-A-0170386.
Leaving groups
The leaving group, hereinafter defined as "L group", must be sufficiently
reactive
for the perhydrolysis reaction to occur within the optimum time frame: for
example, a wash cycle. However, if the L group is too reactive, this peracid
source will be difficult to stabilise for use in the composition.
Preferred L groups are selected from the group consisting of:
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Y R 5Y
-O , -O R3 Y , and -O
O 1 A O 4
-N-C-R -N N -N-C-CH-R
IR 5 R3 Y
I
Y
R3 Y
I I
-O-C H=C-C H=C H2 -O-C H=C-C H=C H2
, 0 0
Y
O CH2-C ~CNR4 11 -O-C-R1 -N~C/NR4 -N__C/
p O
R3 ~-~
-O-C=CHR4 , and N-W CH-R4
R3 O
and mixtures thereof, wherein: R1 is an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group
containing
from 1 to 14 carbon atoms; R3 is an alkyl chain containing from 1 to 8 carbon
atoms; R4 is H or R3; R5 is an alkenyl chain containing from 1 to 8 carbon
atoms
1o and Y is H or a solubilizing group. Any of R1, R3 and R4 may be substituted
by
essentially any functional group including, for example alkyl, hydroxy,
alkoxy,
halogen, amine, nitrosyl, amide and ammonium or alkyl ammonium groups.
The preferred solubilizing groups are -S03-M+, -CO2-M+, -SO4-M+, -N+(R3)4X
and O<--N(R3)3 and most preferably -SO3-M+ and -CO2 M+ wherein: R3 is an
alkyl chain containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; M is a cation which provides
solubility to the bleach activator; and X is an anion which provides
solubility to the
bleach activator. Preferably, M is an alkali metal, ammonium or substituted
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ammonium cation, with sodium and potassium being most preferred, and X is a
halide, hydroxide, methylsulfate or acetate anion.
Perbenzoic acid precursor
Perbenzoic acid precursor compounds provide perbenzoic acid on perhydrolysis.
Suitable 0-acylated perbenzoic acid precursor compounds include the
substituted and unsubstituted benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, including for
example benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate:
&oso3-
Also suitable are the benzoylation products of sorbitol, glucose, and all
saccharides with benzoylating agents, including for example:
OAc
AcO O
OAc
T OAc
OBz
Wherein: Ac = COCH3; and Bz = Benzoyl.
Perbenzoic acid precursor compounds of the imide type include N-benzoyl
succinimide, tetrabenzoyl ethylene diamine and the N-benzoyl substituted
ureas.
Suitable imidazole type perbenzoic acid precursors include N-benzoyl imidazole
and N-benzoyl benzimidazole and other useful N-acyl group-containing
perbenzoic acid precursors include N-benzoyl pyrrolidone, dibenzoyl taurine
and
benzoyl pyroglutamic acid.
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Other perbenzoic acid precursors include the benzoyl diacyl peroxides, the
benzoyl tetraacyl peroxides, and the compound having the formula:
O O
COOH
Phthalic anhydride is another suitable perbenzoic acid precursor compound
herein:
O
0
O
Suitable N-acylated lactam perbenzoic acid precursors have the formula:
0
II
O C-C H2- i H2
R6-C-N-,
CH2-ECHZ ]n
wherein n is from 0 to 8, preferably from 0 to 2, and R6 is'a benzoyl group.
Perbenzoic acid derivative precursors
Perbenzoic acid derivative precursors provide substituted perbenzoic acids on
perhydrolysis.
Suitable substituted perbenzoic acid derivative precursors include any of the
herein disclosed perbenzoic precursors in which the benzoyl group is
substituted
by essentially any non-positively charged (i.e. non-cationic) functional group
including, for example alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogen, amine, nitrosyl and
amide
groups.
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A preferred class of substituted perbenzoic acid precursor compounds are the
amide substituted compounds of the following general formulae:
R1-C-N-R2-C-L R1-N-C-R2-C-L
0 R5 0 or R5 O 0
5
wherein R1 is an aryl or alkaryl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, R2 is
an
arylene, or alkarylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and R5 is H
or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and L can
be
essentially any leaving group. R1 preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon
10 atoms. R2 preferably contains from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. R1 may be aryl,
substituted aryl or alkylaryl containing branching, substitution, or both and
may
be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for
example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R2.
The
substitution can include alkyl, aryl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other
typical
15 substituent groups or organic compounds. R5 is preferably H or methyl. R1
and R5 should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms in total. Amide
substituted bleach activator compounds of this type are described in EP-A-
0170386.
Cationic peroxyacid precursors
Cationic peroxyacid precursor compounds produce cationic peroxyacids on
perhydrolysis.
Typically, cationic peroxyacid precursors are formed by substituting the
peroxyacid part of a suitable peroxyacid precursor compound with a positively
charged functional group, such as an ammonium or alkyl ammonium group,
preferably an ethyl or methyl ammonium group. Cationic peroxyacid precursors
are typically present in the compositions as a salt with a suitable anion,
such as
for example a halide ion or a methylsulfate ion.
The peroxyacid precursor compound to be so cationically substituted may be a
perbenzoic acid, or substituted derivative thereof, precursor compound as
described hereinbefore. Alternatively, the peroxyacid precursor compound may
be an alkyl percarboxylic acid precursor compound or an amide substituted
alkyl
peroxyacid precursor as described hereinafter
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Cationic peroxyacid precursors are described in patents US4,904,406;
US4,751,015; US4,988,451; US4,397,757; US5,269,962; US5,127,852;
US5,093,022; US5,106,528; G131,382,594; EP475,512, EP458,396; EP284,292;
and JP87-318,332.
Suitable cationic peroxyacid precursors include any of the ammonium or alkyl
ammonium substituted alkyl or benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonates, N-acylated
caprolactams, and monobenzoyltetraacetyl glucose benzoyl peroxides.
A preferred cationically substituted benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate is the 4-
(trimethyl ammonium) methyl derivative of benzoyl oxybenzene sulfonate:
O
0 S03_
A preferred cationically substituted alkyl oxybenzene sulfonate has the
formula:
SO
+ 0 0 3
N
O
Preferred cationic peroxyacid precursors of the N-acylated caprolactam class
include the trialkyl ammonium methylene benzoyl caprolactams, particularly
trimethyl ammonium methylene benzoyl caprolactam:
O O
N
N
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Other preferred cationic peroxyacid precursors of the N-acylated caprolactam
class include the trialkyl ammonium methylene alkyl caprolactams:
O O
(CH2) / N
n
where n is from 0 to 12, particularly from 1 to 5.
Another preferred cationic peroxyacid precursor is 2-(N,N,N-trimethyl
ammonium)
ethyl sodium 4-sulphophenyl carbonate chloride.
Alkyl percarboxylic acid bleach precursors
Alkyl percarboxylic acid bleach precursors form percarboxylic acids on
perhydrolysis. Preferred precursors of this type provide peracetic acid on
perhydrolysis.
Preferred alkyl percarboxylic precursor compounds of the imide type include
the
N-,N,N1 N1 tetra acetylated alkylene diamines wherein the alkylene group
contains from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, particularly those compounds in which the
alkylene group contains 1, 2 and 6 carbon atoms. Tetraacetyl ethylene diamine
(TAED) is particularly preferred.
Other preferred alkyl percarboxylic acid precursors include sodium 3,5,5-tri-
methyl hexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (iso-NOBS), sodium nonanoyloxybenzene
sulfonate (NOBS), sodium acetoxybenzene sulfonate (ABS) and penta acetyl
glucose.
Amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursors
Amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursor compounds are also suitable,
including those of the following general formulae:
R1-C N-R2-C-L R1-N-C-R2-C-L
0 R5 0 or R5 0 0
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wherein: R1 is an alkyl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms; R2 is an
alkylene
group containing from 1 to 14 carbon atoms; and R5 is H or an alkyl group
containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; and L can be essentially any leaving group.
R1 preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. R2 preferably contains from
4 to 8 carbon atoms. R1 may be straight chain or branched alkyl containing
branching, substitution, or both and may be sourced from either synthetic
sources or natural sources including for example, tallow fat. Analogous
structural variations are permissible for R2. The substitution can include
alkyl,
1o halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other typical substituent groups or organic
compounds. R5 is preferably H or methyl. R1 and R5 should not contain more
than 18 carbon atoms in total. Amide substituted bleach activator compounds of
this type are described in Patent EP-A-0170386.
Benzoxazin organic peroxyacid precursors
Also suitable are precursor compounds of the benzoxazin-type, as disclosed for
example in patents EP-A-332,294 and EP-A-482,807, particularly those having
the formula:
0
II
O
O I
N C-Ri
including the substituted benzoxazins of the type
R2 O 11
R3 O
O
R4
R5
wherein R1 is H, alkyl, alkaryl, aryl, arylalkyl, and wherein R2, R3, R4, and
R5
may be the same or different substituents selected from H, halogen, alkyl,
alkenyl, aryl, hydroxyl, alkoxyl, amino, alkyl amino, COOR6 (wherein R6 is H
or
an alkyl group) and carbonyl functions.
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An especially preferred precursor of the benzoxazin-type is:
O
11
C~O
41C O
aN I
Pre-formed peracid
The source of peracid preferably comprises a pre-formed peracid, the pre-
formed
peracid is typically an organic peroxyacid compound, which is capable of
acting
as a bleaching system.
A preferred class of organic peroxyacid compounds are the amide substituted
compounds of the following general formulae:
R1-C-N-R2-C-OOH R1-N C-R2-C-OOH
0 R5 0 or R5 O 0
wherein: R1 is an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group with from 1 to 14 carbon atoms;
R2
is an alkylene, arylene, and alkarylene group containing from 1 to 14 carbon
atoms; and R5 is H or an alkyl, aryl, or alkaryl group containing 1 to 10
carbon
atoms. R1 preferably contains from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. R2 preferably
contains
from 4 to 8 carbon atoms. R1 may be straight chain or branched alkyl,
substituted aryl or alkylaryl containing branching, substitution, or both and
may
be sourced from either synthetic sources or natural sources including for
example, tallow fat. Analogous structural variations are permissible for R2.
The
substitution can include alkyl, aryl, halogen, nitrogen, sulphur and other
typical
substituent groups or organic compounds. R5 is preferably H or methyl. R1 and
R5 should not contain more than 18 carbon atoms in total. Amide substituted
organic peroxyacid compounds of this type are described in EP-A-0170386.
Preferred pre-formed peracids are pre-formed mono peracids, meaning that the
peracid contains one peroxygen group. Preferred pre-formed mono peracids are
monoperoxycarboxylic acids.
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In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the pre-formed peracid has
the general formula
5 X-R-C(O)OOH
wherein: R is a linear or branched alkyl chain having at least 1 carbon atom;
and
X is hydrogen or a substituent group selected from the group consisting of
alkyl,
especially alkyl chains of from 1 to 24 carbon atoms, aryl, halogen, ester,
ether,
1o amine, amide, substituted phthalic amino, imide, hydroxide, sulphide,
sulphate,
sulphonate, carboxylic, heterocyclic, nitrate, aidehyde, phosphonate,
phosphonic
or mixtures thereof.
More particularly the R group preferably comprises up to 24 carbon atoms.
15 Alternatively, the R group may be a branched alkyl chain comprising one or
more
side chains which comprise substituent groups selected from the group
consisting of aryl, halogen, ester, ether, amine, amide, substituted phthalic
amino, imide, hydroxide, sulphide, sulphate, sulphonate, carboxylic,
heterocyclic,
nitrate, aidehyde, ketone or mixtures thereof._
In a preferred pre-formed peracid the X group, according to the above general
formula, is a phthalimido group. Thus, particularly preferred pre-formed
peracids
are those having general formula: -
D O
II O
C ~ I N-(R)-COOH
B ~ C
II
A O
where R is Cl-20 and where A, B, C and D are independently either hydrogen or
substituent groups individually selected from the group consisting of alkyl,
3o hydroxyl, nitro, halogen, amine, ammonium, cyanide, carboxylic, sulphate,
sulphonate, aldehydes or mixtures thereof.
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In a preferred aspect of the present invention R is an alkyl group having from
3 to
12 carbon atoms, more preferably from 5 to 9 carbon atoms. Preferred
substituent groups A, B, C and D are linear or branched alkyl groups having
from 1 to 5 carbon atoms, but more preferably hydrogen.
Preferred pre-formed peracids are selected from the group consisting of
phthaloyl amido peroxy hexanoic acid (PAP), phthaloyl amido peroxy heptanoic
acid, phthaloyl amido peroxy octanoic acid, phthaloyl amido peroxy nonanoic
acid, phthaloyl amido peroxy decanoic acid and mixtures thereof.
In a particularly preferred aspect of the present invention the peracid has
the
formula such that R is C5Hjo (i.e. PAP).
If the first component of the composition comprises a source of peracid which
is
a pre-formed peracid, then the pH of the first component may be lower than the
pH of the second component of the composition. In this embodiment of the
present invention, preferably the first component has a pH in range of from
3.0 to
6.0, preferably from 4.0 to 5Ø In this embodiment of the present invention,
the
second component preferably comprises a source of alkalinity, for example a
source of carbonate; such as sodium carbonate and/or sodium bicarbonate.
Composition and components thereof
The composition herein is contained within a pouch. The composition is made up
of at least two components which are contained in different compartments of
the
pouch. These components of the composition are described in more detail
hereinafter.
The compositions herein are cleaning compositions or fabric care compositions,
preferably hard surface cleaners, more preferably laundry or dish washing
compositions, including pre-treatment or soaking compositions and rinse
additive
compositions.
Typically, the composition comprises such an amount of a cleaning composition,
that one or a multitude of the pouched compositions is or are sufficient for
one
wash.
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First component
The first component comprises a liquid matrix. Preferably the first component
comprises (by weight of the first component) at least 20%, or even at least
30%
liquid matrix, preferably at least 40%, or even at least 50%, or at least 60%,
or at
least 70%, or at least 80%, or even at least 90% liquid matrix. The first
component may comprise dispersed and/or suspended solid particles, which are
dispersed and/or suspended in the liquid matrix of the first component. For
example, ingredients which do not readily dissolve in the liquid matrix of the
first
1o component may be present in the form of a suspended particle. These
ingredients include the source of peracid herein. If present, the suspended
particles are preferably uniformly dispersed throughout the liquid matrix,
although
it may also be preferred for these suspended particles to be dispersed in an
uneven manner. It may also be preferred for all of the suspended particles to
be
suspended in only one region of the liquid matrix.
By liquid, or liquid matrix, it is typically meant being in liquid form at
ambient
temperature and pressure, for example at 20 C and atmospheric pressure.
2o The first component preferably comprises a viscous liquid matrix,
preferably
having a viscosity of at least 300mPas, more preferably at least 400mPas, more
preferably at least 500mPas, more preferably at least 750mPas, more preferably
at least 1000mPas, more preferably at least 1500mPas, more preferably at least
2000mPas, more preferably at least 5000mPas, or at least 10000mPAs, or at
least 25000 mPas, or at least 50000mPas. This is especially preferred if the
source of peracid is in the form of a suspended particle, and further reduces
the
risk of patchy damage occurring to fabric, compared to when the source of
peracid is suspended or dispersed in a non-viscous liquid matrix.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the viscous liquid
matrix
enables the suspended source of peracid to remain adequately dispersed or
suspended in the liquid matrix of the first component, and prevents the source
of
peracid from forming large solid complexes, which, when dispersed from the
pouch during the washing process, may settle onto the fabric in the wash load
and give rise to an increased risk in patchy damage.
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The viscosity of the viscous liquid matrix is typically measured at a shear
rate of
from 20s-1 to 50s-1, preferably 25s-1 or 25s-1 to 50s-1. The skilled person
will
know to use a shear rate outside of this range if the rheology of the viscous
liquid
is such that the viscosity of said liquid can not be accurately measured at a
shear rate within this range. The viscous liquid matrix may also have a yield
stress of from 10Nm-2 to 200Nm"2.
The liquid matrix of the first component may be nonaqueous, preferably
comprising less than 1% or less than 0.5% free water. The first component may
1o comprise (by weight of the first component) less than 5% free water,
preferably
less than 4%, or less than 3%, or less than 2%, or less than 1%, or less than
0.5% free water.
The liquid matrix of the first component may comprise a solvent. Preferred
solvents do not dissolve or damage the pouch material. More preferably the
solvent is a long chain, low polarity solvent. By long chain it is meant
solvents
comprising a carbon chain of greater than 6 carbon atoms and by low polarity
it is
meant a solvent having a dielectric constant of less than 40. Preferred
solvents
include C12_14 paraffin and more preferably C12_14 iso-paraffin. Other
solvents
include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, propanol, iso-propanol,
derivatives
thereof and combinations thereof. Other solvents suitable for use herein
include
diols. Other solvents suitable for use herein include glycerol, di-propylene
glycol,
butyl alcohol, butoxy- propoxy propanol, paraffin oil and 2 amino- 2 methyl
propanol, and combinations thereof.
The first component is preferably free from peracid incompatible ingredients.
Peracid incompatible ingredients are described hereinafter. This increases the
stability of the composition, components thereof and ingredients thereof,
since
the source of peracid is contained separately from the peracid incompatible
ingredients, preventing the peracid source and incompatible ingredients from
interacting with each other, thus avoiding one or more of these ingredients,
and/or the source of peracid itself, being degraded, destroyed and/or
inactivated
during storage of the composition in the water-soluble pouch.
Second component
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The second component of the composition is contained in a different
compartment of the pouch to the first component of the composition.
Preferably the second component comprises a bleach incompatible ingredient.
the bleach incompatible ingredient is described in more detail hereinafter.
Preferably the second component is free from a source of peracid.
Preferably the second compartment which comprises a bleach incompatible
ingredient, preferably where the bleach incompatible ingredient is deactivated
or
1o destroyed by the source of peracid, is made of pouch material which more
readily
dissolves compared to the pouch material which forms the first compartment
which contains the first component. For example, the pouch material of the
second compartment may be thinner than the pouch material of the first
compartment. Or the pouch material of the second material may be coated with a
coating which promotes or enhances the water-dispersability or water-
solubility of
the pouch material. Or the pouch material of the first component may be coated
with a coating that reduces the water-solubility of the pouch material. This
enables the second compartment to dissolve or disperse faster than the first
compartment, to enable the second component to be dispensed into the wash
liquor before the first component.
The sequential release of components of the composition increases the cleaning
performance of the composition. This is especially preferred if the second
component comprises a bleach incompatible ingredient, since the bleach
incompatible ingredient is dispensed into the wash liquor and is able to start
functioning before the bleaching ingredient is dispensed into the wash liquor.
Bleach incompatible ingredients are described in more detail hereinafter.
If the bleach incompatible ingredient degrades, destroys or inactivates the
3o bleaching ingredient, then the reverse is preferred and the first
compartment
and/or second compartment is preferably treated such that the first component
is
dispensed into the wash liquor before the second component. Preferably the
second component is dispensed into the wash liquor at least 5 seconds before,
more preferably at least 10 seconds, or at least 20 seconds, or at least 45
seconds, or at least 1 minute, or at least 3 minutes, or at least 5 minutes,
or even
at least 10 minutes, before the first component of the composition.
Alternatively,
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preferably the first component is dispensed into the wash liquor at least 5
seconds before, more preferably at least 10 seconds, or at least 20 seconds,
or
at least 45 seconds, or at least 1 minute, or at least 3 minutes, or at least
5
minutes, or even at least 10 minutes, before the second component of the
5 composition.
In this embodiment of the present invention, the component which is dispensed
first into the wash liquor may preferably comprise other ingredients which It
is
beneficial to have acting in the wash liquor at the start of the washing
cycle. For
10 example, such ingredients include surfactants and builders, especially
water-
soluble builders. Also, if the composition herein comprises a, fabric
softening
agent, it may be preferred that said fabric softening agent is comprised by
the
component of the composition which is dispersed into the wash liquor last.
This
improves the softening performance of the composition.
The second component may comprise a liquid matrix or a solid matrix.
Preferably
the second component comprises a liquid matrix. Preferably the second
component comprises -(by weight of the second component) at least 20%, or
even at least 30% liquid matrix, preferably at least 40%, or even at least
50%, or
2o at least 60%, or at least 70%, or at least 80%, or even at least 90% liquid
matrix.
The second component may comprise as a liquid matrix, a solvent as described
hereinabove. This solvent may be the same type of solvent as the solvent
comprised by the first component, or may be a different type of solvent to the
solvent comprised by the first component.
The second component preferably comprises an aqueous liquid matrix, and
preferably comprises (by weight of the second component) from 1% free water,
preferably. , from 2%, or from 3%, or from 4%, or from 5% free-water, and
preferably comprises (by weight of the second component) to 25% free water,
preferably to 20%, or to 15%, or to 10% water. If the first component
comprises a
non-aqueous liquid matrix, then preferably the second component comprises an
aqueous liquid matrix. In this preferred embodiment of the present invention,
ingredients which prefer, or are more easily, formulated, in a non-aqueous
environment, are preferably comprised by the first component of the
composition,
whilst -ingredients which prefer, or are more easily formulated, in an aqueous
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environment, are preferably comprised by the second component of the
composition.
The second component preferably comprises a low-viscous liquid matrix,
preferably having a viscosity of less than 300mPas, preferably less than
200mPas, or less than lOOmPas, or less than 50mPas, or less than 25mPas.
This is especially preferred if the first component comprises a viscous liquid
matrix.
1o The viscosity of the low-viscous liquid matrix is typically measured at a
shear rate
of from 20s"' to 50s-1, preferably 25s-1 or 25s' to 50s-1. The skilled person
will
know to use a shear rate outside of this range if the rheology of the low-
viscous
liquid is such that the viscosity of said liquid can not be accurately
measured at a
shear rate within this range.
The second component may also comprise a source of peracid and/or optional
bleaching ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients. Preferably the
bleaching
ingredient of the second component is a different type of bleaching ingredient
to
the source of peracid and/or other optional bleaching ingredients and bleach
2o auxiliary ingredients of the first component. Preferably, the peracid
source and
other optional bleaching ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients of the
first
component and the bleaching ingredient of the second component, when
contacted together, form an activated bleaching system, especially when in an
aqueous and/or oxidative environment.
Since these bleaching ingredient are comprised by different components of the
composition, and contained in different compartments of the pouch, then the
level of bleach activity of the bleaching system of the composition, is
reduced, at
least initially, until these bleaching ingredients are dispersed such that
they come
into contact with each other. Since, at this stage of the washing cycle, the
bleaching ingredient is already adequately dispersed, then the risk of patchy
damage occurring to fabrics in the wash load is reduced. The bleaching
ingredients may be sequentially released as described hereinbefore, to further
reduce the risk of patchy damage occurring to fabric.
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A preferred embodiment of the present invention is a composition, wherein the
second component comprises a peracid incompatible ingredient, preferably
selected from the group consisting of enzyme, perfume, chelant or combinations
thereof. This reduces the instability of the peracid incompatible ingredient
and
may reduce the instability of the source of peracid, and improves the
performance of the composition herein.
Another preferred embodiment of the present invention is a composition,
wherein
the second component comprises a bleach auxiliary ingredient, preferably
1o selected from the group consisting of bleach booster, bleach catalyst or
combinations thereof. This reduces the instability of the bleach system of the
composition during storage.
Optional ingredients
The composition and components thereof may comprise a variety of different
ingredients including builder compounds, surfactants, enzymes, alkalinity
sources, colourants, perfume, lime soap dispersants, organic polymeric
compounds including polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents, crystal growth
inhibitors, heavy metal ion sequestrants, metal ion salts, enzyme stabilisers,
corrosion inhibitors, suds suppressers, solvents, fabric softening agents,
optical
brighteners and hydrotropes.
The preferred amounts of ingredients described herein are % by weight of the
composition herein as a whole.
Optional bleach ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients
Source of peroxide
3o The source of peroxide is typically a hydrogen peroxide source. Suitable
hydrogen peroxide sources include the inorganic perhydrate salts.
Examples of inorganic perhydrate salts include perborate, percarbonate,
perphosphate, persulfate and persilicate salts. The inorganic perhydrate salts
are
normally the alkali metal salts. The inorganic perhydrate salt may be included
as
the crystalline solid without additional protection. For certain perhydrate
salts
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however, the preferred embodiments utilize a coated form of the inorganic
perhydrate salt which provides better storage stability for the perhydrate
salt.
Sodium perborate can be in the form of the monohydrate of nominal formula
NaBO2H2O2 or the tetrahydrate NaBO2H2O2.3H20.
Alkali metal percarbonates, particularly sodium percarbonate are preferred
perhydrates for use herein. Sodium percarbonate is an addition compound
having a formula corresponding to 2Na2CO3.3H202, and is available
1o commercially as a crystalline solid. The percarbonate is most preferably in
a
coated form which provides in-product stability.
A suitable coating material providing in product stability comprises a salt of
a
water soluble alkali metal, or mixtures thereof. For example salts of sulphate
and/or carbonate. Such coatings together with coating processes have
previously
been described, for example in GB-1,466,799, granted to Interox on 9th March
1977. The weight ratio of the coating material to percarbonate lies in the
range
from 1: 200 to 1: 4, more preferably from 1: 99 to 1: 9, and most preferably
from 1: 49 to 1: 19.
Another suitable coating material providing in product stability, comprises
sodium
silicate of Si02 : Na20 ratio from 1.8 : 1 to 3.0 : 1, preferably 1.8:1 to
2.4:1,
and/or sodium metasilicate, preferably applied at a level of from 2% to 10%,
(normally from 3% to 5%) of Si02 by weight of the inorganic perhydrate salt.
Magnesium silicate can also be included in the coating. Coatings that contain
silicate salts or other inorganics are also suitable.
Bleach catalyst
The composition herein may comprise a bleach catalyst. The term "bleach
catalyst" used herein includes compounds which are catalytic bleach boosters.
Preferably the bleach catalyst is a metal containing bleach catalyst, more
preferably a transition metal containing bleach catalyst, and even more
preferably a manganese or cobalt-containing bleach catalyst.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise an effective amount of
a bleach catalyst. The term "an effective amount" is defined as "an amount of
the
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bleach catalyst present in the compositions, or during use, that is
sufficient,
under whatever comparative or use conditions are employed, to result in at
least
partial oxidation of the material sought to be oxidized by the composition or
method." Preferably the compositions of the present invention comprise from 1
ppb (0.0000001%), more preferably from 100 ppb (0.00001%), yet more
preferably from 500 ppb (0.00005%), still more preferably from 1 ppm (0.0001
%)
to 99.9%, more preferably to 50%, yet more preferably to 5%, still more
preferably to 500 ppm (0.05%) by weight of the composition, of a bleach
catalyst
as described herein below.
Preferred types of bleach catalysts include manganese-based complexes.
Preferred examples of these catalysts include MnlV2(u-O)3(1,4,7-trimethyl-
1,4,7-
triazacyclononane)2-(PF6)2, Mnll12(u-O)1(u-OAc)2(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-
triazacyclononane)2-(CI04)2, MnlV4(u-O)g(1,4,7-triazacyclononane)4-(CIO4)2,
MnIIIMnlV4(u-O)1(u-OAc)2-(1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane)2-(CI04)3,
and mixtures thereof.
Preferred bleach catalysts include Co, Cu, Mn, Fe,-bispyridylmethane and -
bispyridylamine complexes. Highly preferred catalysts include Co(2,2'-
2o bispyridylamine)C12, Di(isothiocyanato)bispyridylamine-cobalt (II),
trisdipyridylamine-cobalt(II) perchlorate, Co(2,2-bispyridylamine)2O2CIO4, Bis-
(2,2'-bispyridylamine) copper(II) perchlorate, tris(di-2-pyridylamine)
iron(II)
perchlorate, and mixtures thereof. Preferred examples include binuclear Mn
complexes with tetra-N-dentate and bi-N-dentate ligands, including N4Mnlll(u-
O)2MnIVN4)+and [BipY2Mnlll(u-O)2MnlVbipY2]-(CIO4)3=
The most preferred cobalt catalyst useful herein are cobalt pentaamine acetate
salts having the formula [Co(NH3)5OAc] Ty, wherein OAc represents an acetate
moiety, and especially cobalt pentaamine acetate chloride, [Co(NH3)5OAc]CI2;
3o as well as [Co(NH3)5OAc](OAc)2; [Co(NH3)5OAc](PF6)2; [Co(NH3)5OAc](SO4);
[Co(NH3)5OAc](BF4)2; and [Co(NH3)5OAc](NO3)2 (herein "PAC").
Other suitable bleach catalysts include transition-metal bleach catalyst
comprising
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i) a transition metal selected from the group consisting of Mn(II), Mn(III),
Mn(IV), Mn(V), Fe(II), Fe(III), Fe(IV), Co(l), Co(II), Co(III), Ni(I), Ni(II),
Ni(III), Cu(I), Cu(II), Cu(III), Cr(II), Cr(III), Cr(IV), Cr(V), Cr(VI),
V(III), V(IV),
V(V), Mo(IV), Mo(V), Mo(VI), W(IV), W(V), W(VI), Pd(II), Ru(II), Ru(III),
5 and Ru(IV), preferably Mn(II), Mn(III), Mn(IV), Fe(II), Fe(III), Fe(IV),
Cr(II),
Cr(III), Cr(IV), Cr(V), Cr(VI), and mixtures thereof;
ii) a cross-bridged macropolycyclic ligand being coordinated by four or five
donor atoms to the same transition metal, said ligand comprising:
a) an organic macrocycle ring containing four or more donor atoms
(preferably at least 3, more preferably at least 4, of these donor atoms
are N) separated from each other by covalent linkages of 2 or 3 non-
donor atoms, two to five (preferably three to four, more preferably four)
of these donor atoms being coordinated to the same transition metal
atom in the complex;
b) a cross-bridged chain which covalently connects at least 2 non-
adjacent donor atoms of the organic macrocycle ring, said covalently
connected non-adjacent donor atoms being bridgehead donor atoms
which are coordinated to the same transition metal in the complex,
and wherein said cross-bridged chain comprises from 2 to about 10
atoms (preferably the cross-bridged chain is selected from 2, 3 or 4
non-donor atoms, and 4-6 non-donor atoms with a further donor
atom); and
iii) optionally, one or more non-macropolycyclic ligands, preferably selected
from the group consisting of H20, ROH, NR3, RCN, OH-, OOH-, RS ,
RO-, RCOO-, OCN-, SCN-, N3-, CN-, F, CI-, Br , I-, 02-, N03-, N02-,
S042-, S032-, P043-, organic phosphates, organic phosphonates,
organic sulfates, organic sulfonates, and aromatic N donors such as
pyridines, pyrazines, pyrazoles, imidazoles, benzimidazoles, pyrimidines,
triazoles and thiazoles with R being H, optionally substituted alkyl,
optionally substituted aryl.
A particularly useful bleach catalyst is [Mn(Bcyclam)CI2]:
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31
Cl~ ~ . N\
Mn
Cl~ ~N
\ f
"Bcyclam" (5,12-dimethyl-1,5,8,12-tetraaza-bicyclo[6.6.2]hexadecane) is
prepared according to J. Amer. Chem. Soc., (1990), 112, 8604.
The bleach catalysts herein may be co-processed with adjunct materials so as
to
reduce the colour impact if desired for the aesthetics of the product, or to
be
included in enzyme-containing particles as exemplified hereinafter, or the
compositions may be manufactured to contain catalyst "speckles".
Other preferred bleach catalysts are compounds which form complexes with
transition metals, and catalyze the bleaching of a substrate by reacting with
the
atmospheric oxygen in the wash liquor. A preferred bleach catalyst of this
type
have the general formula]:
[MaLkXn]Ym
wherein:
a is an integer from 1 to 10,preferably 1 to 4;
2o k is an is an integer from 1 to 10;
n is an integer from 1 to 10, preferably 1 to 4;
m is zero or an integer from 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 4;
M is a metal selected Mn(II)-(III)-(IV)-(V), Cu(l)-(ll)-(lll), Fe(II)-(III)-
(IV)-(V), Co(I)-
(II)-(III), Ti(II)-(III)-(IV), V(II)-(III)-(IV)-(V), Mo(II)-(III)-(IV)-(V)-
(VI) and W(IV)-(V)-
(VI), preferably selected from Fe(II)-(III)-(IV)-(V);
X represents a coordinating species selected from 02- , RBO22-, RCOO-, RCONR-,
OH-, NO3 , NO, S2-, RS-, P043 , P030R3-, H20, CO32-, HC03 , ROH, N(R)3, ROO-,
022-, 02 , RCN, CI", Br, OCN-, SCN-, CN", N3 , F, I-, RO-, C104 , and CF3SO3 ;
Y represents a non-coordinated counterion selected from CIO4 , BR4 ,[MX4]",
[MX4]2-, PFs , RCOO", NO3 , RO", N+(R)4, ROO", O22", O2 , CI-, Br, F, I-,
CF3SO3 ,
S2062", OCN, H20 and BF4;
each R is independently selected from hydrogen, hydroxyl, -R' and OR'; wherein
R' is independently selected from alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl,
heterocycloalkyl, aryl,
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heteroaryl or a carbonyl derivative group; R' being optionally substituted
with one
or more functional groups E;
E is independently selected from F, Cl, Br, I, OH, OR', HN2, NHR', N(R')2,
N(R')2,
N(R')3+, C(O)R', OC(O)R', COOH, COO- (Na+, K+), COOR', C(O)NH2, C(O)NHR',
C(O)N(R')2, heteroaryl, R', SR', SH, P(R')2, P(O)(R')2, P(O)(OH)2, P(O)(OR')2,
NO2, SO3H, S03 (Na+, K+), S(O)2R', HNC(O)R', and N(R')C(O)R';
L is a ligand having the general formula:
RI-Qi
\ N-EQ-N]-Q4-R4
RZ-Q2/ I n
Q3
i
R3
wherein:
n=1 or 2, whereby if n=2, then each Q3-R3 groups is independently defined;
R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, -NH-C(NH)-NH2, -R and -OR, wherein R=
alky(en)yl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl or a carbonyl
derivative
group, R being optionally substituted by one or more functional groups E;
Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 are independently selected from a group of structures having
the
formula:
R5 R7
I I
Tlbla --E E C
I c
n
R6 Ra
wherein a= 0 to 5, b= 0 to 5, c= 0 to 5, n=1 or 2, and a+b+c= a number from 1
to
5;
Y is selected from the group consisting of 0, S, SO, -SO2-, C(O), arylene,
alkylene, heteroarylene, heterocycloalkylene, (G)P, P(O), and (G)N, wherein G
is
selected from hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, each except
hydrogen
being optionally substituted by one or more functional groups E;
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R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently selected from the group consisting of
hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, -R and -OR;
R represents alkyl alkenyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl and
a
carbonyl derivative group being optionally substituted with one or more
functional
groups E; or R5 together with R6, or R7 together with R8, or both, represent
oxygen; or R5 together with R7 and/or independently R6 together with R8; or R5
together with R8 and/or independently R6 together with R7, represent C1-6
alkylene optionally substituted with C1-4 alkyl, -F, -CI, -Br, or -I; provided
that at
least two of R1, R2, R3, R4 comprise coordinating heteroatoms and no more
1o than six heteroatoms are coordinated to the same transition metal atom;
Q is selected from -(CH2)2_4, -CH2CH(OH)CH2, , optionally substituted
with methyl or ethyl, OH , N , and
N
R
Bleach boosters
Bleach boosters as defined herein include catalytic bleach booster compounds.
Preferred bleach boosters suitable for use herein are described in US5817614.
Other preferred bleach boosters for use herein are quaternary imine salts
2o described in EP728183. Preferred quaternary imine salts have the general
formula:
R1 R4
R
C=N+ X-
I I
R2 R3
wherein;
R, and R4 are hydrogen or a Cl-C30 substituted or unsubstituted radical
selected
from the group consisting of phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, alkyl and
cycloalkyl
radicals;
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R2 is hydrogen or a CI-C3o substituted or unsubstituted radical selected from
the
group consisting of phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic ring, alkyl, cycloalkyl, nitro,
halo,
alkoxy, keto, carboxylic and carboalkoxy radicals;
R3 is a Cl-C30 substituted or unsubstituted radical selected from the group
consisting of phenyl, aryi, heterocydic ring, alkyl, cydoalkyl, nitro, halo,
and
cyano radicals;
R, with Rz, and R2 with R3 respectively together fomn a cycloalkyl, polycyclo,
heterocyclic or aromatic ring system;
)C is a counterion stable in the presence of oxidising agents.
Other preferred bleach boosters are sulfoimines having the following general
formuia:
Ri
C=N-S02-R3
R2
is whereft
R, may be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, aryi,
heterocyclic,
alkyl or cycloalkyl group;
R2 may be hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, aryl,
heterocyclic,
alkyl or cycloalkyl group or a keto, carboxylic, carboalkoxy or a R,C=N-S02-R3
group;
R3 may be substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, aryl, heterocyclic, alkyl or
cycloalkyl group or a nitro, halo or cyano group;
Ra with R2 and/or R2 with R3 may respectively form a cycloalkyl, heterocyclic
or
aromatic ring system.
Other preferred bleach boosters are arylimium zwitterions having the following
general formula:
OS03
Rl, or
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wherein R, is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, and linear or
branched Cl-C1$ substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain; or having the
general
formula:
NRI S03-
5
wherein R, is selected from the group consisting of a linear or branched Cl-
C18
substituted or unsubstituted alkyl chain.
Other preferred bleach boosters have the following general structure:
G R22
LR20 + ~1 `lc I v
Ri9
Ris
wherein:
the net charge is from +3 to -3;
m is 1 to 3 when G is present and m is 1 to 4 when G is not present;
n is an integer from 0 to 4;
each R20 is independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted radical
selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, fused aryl,
heterocyclic ring, fused heterocyclic ring, nitro, halo, cyano, sulfanato,
alkoxy,
keto, carboxylic and carboalkoxy radicals, and any two vicinal R20
substituents
may combine to form a fused aryl, fused carbocyclic or fused heterocyclic
ring;
R18 may be a substituted or unsubstituted radical selected from the group
consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclic ring,
silyl, nitro,
halo, cyano, sulfanato, alkoxy, keto, carboxylic and carboalkoxy radicals;
Rl9 may be a substituted or unsubstituted, saturated or unsaturated, radical
selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aryl,
aralkyl and
heterocyclic ring; G is selected from the group consisting of (1) -0-, (2) -
H(R23)-
and (3) -N(R23R24)-; R21-R24 are substituted or unsubstituted radicals
independently selected from the group consisting of H, oxygen, linear or
branched Cl-C12 alkyls, alkylenes, alkoxys, aryls, alkaryls, aralkyls,
cycloalkyls
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and heterocyclic rings; provided that any of R18, Ri9, R20, R21-R24 may be
joined
together with any other of R18, R19, R20, R21-R24 to form part of a common
ring;
and geminal R21-R22 may combine to form a carbonyl;
and vicinal R21-R24 may combine to form a substituted or unsubstituted fused
unsaturated moiety;
X- is a suitable charge-balancing counter-ion;
and v is an integer from I to 3.
Other preferred bleach boosters are sulphonyi-oxaziridine compounds,
1o oxaziridine quaternary salt compounds, derivatives thereof and combinations
thereof.
A highly preferred bleach booster is dihydroisoquinolinium N-propyl sulfonate.
Peracid incompatible ingredient
Peracid incompatible ingredients are ingredients which are themselves either
inactivated or destroyed upon storage with a source of peracid. Other peracid
incompatible ingredients are ingredients which, upon storage with a peracid
source, inactivate or destroy said peracid source. Examples of peracid
incompatible ingredients include perfumes, enzymes, chelants and combinations
thereof.
Preferably the peracid incompatible ingredients are contained in a different
compartment of the pouch to the peracid source. The peracid incompatible
ingredient may be contained in the same compartment as the optional bleaching
ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients, this is especially preferred if
the
peracid incompatible ingredient is more sensitive to the source of peracid
than to
the optional bleaching ingredients and bleach auxiliary ingredients, and this
is
3o also preferred if, in addition to the above, the pouch comprises only two
compartments.
Perfumes
Perfumes suitable for use herein include perfumes comprising perfume
components which are natural materials such as extracts, essential oils,
absolutes, resinoids, resins, concretes and combinations thereof. Other
preferred
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37
perfumes for use herein include perfumes comprising synthetic materiais such
as
hydrocarbons, alcohols, aidehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters, acetals,
ketals, nitriles and combinations thereof. The synthetic materials can be
saturated or unsaturated compounds, aliphatic, carboxylic and heterocyclic
compounds. Perfumes suitable for use herein may comprise a mixture of organic
perfume components and synthetic perfume components. The perfume may be
an encapsulated perfume. The perfume may comprise a carrier molecule. The
perfume may be in the form of a suspended partide.
1o Enzymes
Enzymes suitable for herein are preferably selected from the group consisting
of
cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, proteases, giuco-amyiases, amyiases,
xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases,
keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases,
pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, ' maianases, 13-glucanases,
arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase and mixtures thereof.
Preferred enzymes include protease, amylase, lipase, peroxidases, cutinase
and/or cellulase in conjunction with one or more plant cell wall degrading
2o enzymes.
The cellulases usable in the present invention indude both bacterial or fungal
cellulase. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 12 and an
activity above 50 CEVU (Cellulose Viscosity Unit). Especially suitable
cellulases
are the cellulases having color care benefits. Carezyme and Celluzyme (Novo
Nordisk A/S) are especially useful. Cellulases are normally incorporated in
the
composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the
composition.
Peroxidase enzymes are used to prevent the transfer of dyes or pigments
removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash
solution. Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example,
horseradish peroxidase, ligninase and haloperoxidase such as chioro- and
bromo-peroxidase. Also suitable is the laccase enzyme. Said peroxidases are
normally incorporated in the composition at levels from 0.0001% to 2% of
active
enzyme by weight of the composition.
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Suitable lipase enzymes for use herein include lipases such as Ml Lipase and
Lipomax (Gist-Brocades) and Lipolase and Lipolase Uitra-(Novo) which have
found to be very effective when used in combination with the composition of
the
present invention. Also suitable are cutinases, which can be considered as a
special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial
activation.
The lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the composition at
levels from 0.0001% to 2% of active enzyme by weight of the composition.
io Suitable proteases are the subtilisins which are obtained from particuiar
strains of
B. subtilis and B. licheniformis (subtilisin BPN and BPN'). One suitable
protease
is obtained from a strain of Bacillus, having maximum activity throughout the
pH
range of 8-12, developed and sold as ESPERASE by Novo Industries A/S of
Denmark, hereinafter "Novo". Other suitable proteases include ALCALASE ,
ts DURi4ZYM and SAVlNASE from Novo and MAXATASE . MAXACALit,
PROPERASE and MAXAPEM (protein engineered Maxacal) from Gist-
Brocades. Also suitable for the present invention are proteases described in
patent applications EP 251 446 and WO 91/06637, protease BLAP described
in W091/02792 and their variants described in WO 95123229. The proteoiytic
2o enzymes are incorporated in the composition of the present invention a
level of
from 0.0001% to 2%, preferably from 0.001% to 0.2%, more preferably from
0.005% to 0:1 % pure enzyme by weight of the composition.
Amyiases (a and/or 2) can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based
stains.
25 Examples of commercial a-amylases prodUcts are Purafect Ox Am from
Genencor and Termamyl , Ban@, Fungamyl and Duramyl ,- Natalase e all
available from Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark. The amylolytic enzymes are
incorporated in the composition of the present invention a level of from
0.0001%
to 2%, preferably from 0.00018% to 0.06%, more preferably from 0.00024% to
30 0.048% pure enzyme by weight of the composition
Chelant
The composition herein preferably comprises a chelant. By chelant it is meant
herein components which act to sequester (chelate) heavy metal ions.
Preferably
35 the chelant comprises at least one nitrogen atom. These components may also
have calcium and magnesium chelation capacity, but preferentially they show
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39
selectivity to binding heavy metal ions such as iron, manganese and copper.
Chelants are generally present in the composition at a level of from 0.05% to
2%,
preferably from 0.1% to 1.5%, more preferably from 0.25% to 1.2% and most
preferably from 0.5% to 1 % by weight of the composition herein.
Thickening agent
The first component and/or the second component, preferably the first
component, may comprise a thickening agent. Preferably the first component
lo comprises a thickening agent. Preferred thickening agents are stable in the
presence of the peracid source. The thickening agent any have other functions
in
the composition, for example the thickening agent may be a surfactant. The
thickening agent, if present, is present in the composition in the pouch, and
the
term "thickening agent" used herein, does not include compounds or ingredients
present in the pouch material.
Preferred thickening agents comprise one or more, preferably two or more
surfactants. Other preferred thickening agents comprise at least one
surfactant
and at least one electrolyte, preferred electrolytes are inorganic saits.
Other
suitable thickening agents are tertiary amine oxides comprising a C8_22 alkyl
chain
or tertiary alkyl amine oxides comprising two or more C1_5 alkyl chains.
Preferred
thickening agents comprise a tertiary amine oxide in combination with an
anionic
surfactant.
Other preferred thickening agents comprise a polymeric material, preferably a
polymer of acrylic acid. Other preferred thickening agents are synthetic homo-
polymers, co-polymers, ter-polymers, or a combination thereof, of acrylic acid
,
maleic acid, asparic acid, or vinyl ester, and having a molecular weight of at
least
200kDa, preferably at least 300kDa, more preferably at least 500kDa, even more
preferably at least 750kDa, most preferably at least 1000kDa. Preferably, the
said polymer is hydrophobically modified. Preferably the said polymer is a
cross-
linked polyacrylate. Preferred cross-linked polyacrylates are selected from
the
group consisting of acrylic acid polymer cross-linked with alkyl ethers of
pentaerythrol or sucrose, vinyl ester acrylate cross-polymer, CIo-C30 alkyl
acrylate
cross-polymer, polymer of acrylic acid covalently bound with hydrophobic
groups,
acrylonitrogen co-polymer, steareth 20 methacrylate co-polymer. A preferred
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thickening agent comprises a polymer with similar properties to the polymer
known under the trade name as Acusol.
Other preferred thickening agents are gums selected from the group consisting
of
5 karaya gum, tragacanth gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, alginates, carragean,
xanthan gum, or a combination thereof. Preferably the said gum has a molecular
weight of at least 100kDa, preferably at least 200kDa, more preferably at
least
500kDa, even more preferably at least 750kDa, most preferably at least
1000kDa.
Other preferred thickening agents are starches. The said starches are natural
or
synthetically modified polymers of amylose and amylopectin.
Other preferred thickening agents are carboxy methyl celluloses or derivatives
thereof, having an average molecular weight of at least 200kDa, preferably at
least 300kDa, more preferably at least 500kDa, even more preferably at least
750kDa, most preferably at least 1000kDa. Preferred carboxy methyl celluloses
and derivatives thereof are selected from the group consisting of carboxy
methyl
cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC, hydrophobically modified HEC,
2o hydroxypropyl cellulose HPC, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose,
hydroxybutylmethyl
cellulose.
Other preferred thickening agents are polyethylene glycols, having a molecular
weight of at least 100kDa, preferably at least 200kDa, more preferably at
least
500kDa, even more preferably at least 750kDa most preferably at least 1000kDa.
Preferred thickening agents are clays selected from the group consisting of
smectite clay, hectorite clay, bentonite clay or a combination thereof.
3o Effervescence system
The first component preferably comprises an effervescence system. The
effervescence system improves the dispensing of the bleaching ingredient
comprised by the first component, and reduces the risk of patchy damage
occurring to fabric. Preferably the first component is a non-aqueous liquid
and
comprises an effervescence system. This prevents effervescence occurring until
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41
the pouch is dissolved or disintegrated, or starts to dissolved or
disintegrate, in
the wash liquor.
A preferred effervescence system comprises an acid source capable of reacting
with an alkali source in the presence of water to produce a gas. The gas
produced by this interaction, includes nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide
gas.
The acid source may be any organic, mineral or inorganic acid, or a derivative
thereof, or a mixture thereof. Preferably the acid source comprises an organic
acid. Suitable acid sources include citric, malic, maleic, fumaric, aspartic,
1o glutaric, tartaric succinic or adipic acid, monosodium phosphate, boric
acid, or
derivatives thereof. Citric acid, maleic or malic acid are especially
preferred.
As discussed hereinbefore, the effervescence system preferably comprises an
alkali source, however, for the purpose of the invention, it should be
understood
that the alkali source may be part of the component or can be part of a
composition comprising the component, or can be present in the washing liquor,
whereto the component, or a composition comprising the component, is added.
Any alkali source which has the capacity to react with the acid source to
produce
a gas may used herein. Preferred alkali sources can be perhydrate bleaches,
including perborate, and silicate material.
Preferably the gas is carbon dioxide, and therefore the alkali source is a
preferably a source of carbonate, which can be any source of carbonate known
in the art. In a preferred embodiment, the carbonate source is a carbonate
salt.
Examples of preferred carbonates are the alkaline earth and alkali metal
carbonates, including sodium or potassium carbonate, bicarbonate and sesqui-
carbonate and any mixtures thereof with ultra-fine calcium carbonate such as
are
disclosed in German Patent Application No. 2,321,001 published on November
15, 1973. Alkali metal percarbonate salts are also suitable sources of
carbonate
species, which may be present combined with one or more other carbonate
sources.
The molecular ratio of the acid source to the alkali source present in the
component is preferably from 50:1 to 1:50, more preferably from 20:1 to 1:20
more preferably from 10:1 to 1:10, more preferably from 5:1 to 1:3, more
preferably from 3:1 to 1:2, more preferably from 2:1 to 1:2.
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Detersive surfactants
Nonionic alkoxylated surfactant
Essentially any alkoxylated nonionic surfactants can be comprised by the
composition herein. These nonionic surfactants are in addition to the
alkoxylated
compound of the invention. The ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic
surfactants are preferred. Preferred alkoxylated surfactants can be selected
from
the classes of the nonionic condensates of alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated
io alcohols, nonionic ethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols, nonionic
ethoxylate/propoxylate condensates with propylene glycol, and the nonionic
ethoxylate condensation products with propylene oxide/ethyiene diamine
adducts.
Highly preferred are nonionic alkoxylated alcohol surfactants, being the
condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from I to 75 moles of
alkylene
oxide, in particular about 50 or from I to 15 moles, preferably to 11 moles,
particularly ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, are highly preferred
nonionic
surfactants. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight
or
2o branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from 6 to 22 carbon
atoms. Particularly preferred are the condensation products of alcohols having
an
alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from 2 to 9 moles and in
particular 3 or 5 moles, of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol.
Nonionic aolyhydroxv fatty acid amide surfactant
Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides are highly preferred nonionic surfactant
comprised
by the composition, in particular those having the structural formula R2CONRIZ
wherein :R' is H, CI-18, preferably C1-C4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-
hydroxy propyl, ethoxy, propoxy, or a mixture thereof, preferable CI-C4 alkyl,
3o more preferably C1 or C2 alkyl, most preferably C1 alkyl (i.e., methyl);
and R2 is
a C5-C31 hydrocarbyl, preferably straight-chain C5-C19 or C7-C19 alkyl or
alkenyl, more preferably straight-chain Cg-C17 atkyl or alkenyl, most
preferably
straight-chain C11-C17 alkyl or aikenyl, or mixture thereof; and Z is a
polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3
hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative
(preferably
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ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z preferably will be derived from a
reducing
sugar in a reductive amination reaction; more preferably Z is a glycityl.
A highly preferred nonionic polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactant for use
herein
is a C12-C14, a C15-C17 and/or C16-C18 alkyl N-methyl glucamide.
It may be particularly preferred that the composition herein comprises a
mixture
of a C12-C18 alkyl N-methyl glucamide and condensation products of an alcohol
having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20 carbon atoms with from 2 to 9
1o moles and in particular 3 or 5 moles, of ethylene oxide per mole of
alcohol.
The polyhydroxy fatty acid amide can be prepared by any suitable process. One
particularly preferred process is described in detail in WO 9206984. A product
comprising about 95% by weight polyhydroxy fatty acid amide, low levels of
undesired impurities such as fatty acid esters and cyclic amides, and which is
molten typically above about 80 C, can be made by this process.
Nonionic fatty acid amide surfactant
Fatty acid amide surfactants or alkoxylated fatty acid amides can also be
comprised by the composition herein. They include those having the formula:
R6CON(R7) (R8 ) wherein R6 is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21,
preferably from 9 to 17 carbon or even 11 to 13 carbon atoms and R7 and R8
are each individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C4
alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and -(C2H40)xH, where x is in the range of from 1
to
11, preferably 1 to 7, more preferably form 1-5, whereby it may be preferred
that
R7 is different to R8, one having x being 1 or 2, one having x being from 3 to
11
or preferably 5.
Nonionic alkyl esters of fatty acid surfactant
Alkyl esters of fatty acids can also be comprised by the composition herein.
They
include those having the formula: R9COO(R10) wherein R9 is an alkyl group
containing from 7 to 21, preferably from 9 to 17 carbon or even 11 to 13
carbon
atoms and R10 is a C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, or -(C2H4O)xH, where x is
in the range of from 1 to 11, preferably 1 to 7, more preferably form 1-5,
whereby
it may be preferred that R10 is a methyl or ethyl group.
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Nonionic alkylpolysaccharide surfactant
Alkylpolysaccharides can also be comprised by the composition herein, such as
those disclosed in US Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21, 1986,
having a hydrophobic group containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms and a
polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from 1.3
to 10
saccharide units.
Preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
R2O(CnH2nO)t(glycosyl)x
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl,
hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl
groups
contain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3; t is from 0 to 10, and x is
from
1.3 to 8. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose.
Polyethylene/propylene glycols
The composition herein may comprise polyethylene and/or propylene glycol,
particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to
2o 8000 and most preferably about 4000.
Anionic surfactant
The composition herein, preferably comprises one or more anionic surfactants.
Any anionic surfactant useful for detersive purposes is suitable. Examples
include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and
substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of
the
anionic sulphate, sulphonate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactants. Anionic
sulphate surfactants are preferred.
Other anionic surfactants include the isethionates such as the acyl
isethionates,
N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride, alkyl succinates and
sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (especially saturated and
unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) diesters of sulfosuccinate (especially
saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters), N-acyl sarcosinates. Resin acids
and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated
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rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from
tallow oil.
Anionic sulphate surfactant
5 Anionic sulphate surfactants suitable for use herein include the linear and
branched primary and secondary alkyl sulphates, alkyl ethoxysulphates, fatty
oleoyl glycerol sulphates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulphates, the C5-
C17 acyl-N-(C1-C4 alkyl) and -N-(C1-C2 hydroxyalkyl) glucamine sulphates, and
sulphates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulphates of alkylpolyglucoside
10 (the nonionic non-sulphated compounds being described herein).
Alkyl sulphate surfactants are preferably selected from the linear and
branched
primary C9-C22 alkyl sulphates, more preferably the C11-C15 branched chain
alkyl sulphates and the C12-C14 linear chain alkyl sulphates.
Alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants are preferably selected from the group
consisting
of the C10-C18 alkyl sulphates which have been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 50
moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. More preferably, the alkyl ethoxysulfate
surfactant is a C11-C18, most preferably C11-C15 alkyl sulphate which has been
ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 7, preferably from 1 to 5, moles of ethylene
oxide per
molecule.
Anionic sulphonate surfactant
Anionic sulphonate surfactants suitable for use herein include the salts of C5-
C20 linear or branched alkylbenzene sulphonates, alkyl ester sulphonates, in
particular methyl ester sulphonates, C6-C22 primary or secondary alkane
sulphonates, C6-C24 olefin sulphonates, sulphonated polycarboxylic acids,
alkyl
glycerol sulphonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulphonates, fatty oleyl glycerol
sulphonates, and any mixtures thereof.
Anionic carboxylate surfactant
Suitable anionic carboxylate surfactants include the alkyl ethoxy
carboxylates,
the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactants and the soaps ('alkyl
carboxyls'),
especially certain secondary soaps as described herein.
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Suitable alkyl ethoxy carboxylates include those with the formula RO(CH2CH2O)x
CH2C00-M+ wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x ranges from 0 to 10, and
the ethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount of
material
where x is 0 is less than 20 % and M is a cation. Suitable alkyl polyethoxy
polycarboxylate surfactants include those having the formula RO-(CHR1-CHR2-
O)X-R3 wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x is from 1 to 25, R1 and R2 are
selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl acid radical, succinic
acid
radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, and mixtures thereof, and R3 is
selected
from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted
hydrocarbon
1o having between 1 and 8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
Suitable soap surfactants include the secondary soap surfactants which contain
a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. Preferred secondary soap
surfactants for use herein are water-soluble members selected from the group
consisting of the water-soluble salts of 2-methyl-l-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-
decanoic acid, 2-propyl-l-nonanoic acid, 2-butyl-l-octanoic acid and 2-pentyl-
l-
heptanoic acid. Certain soaps may also be included as suds suppressers.
Alkali metal sarcosinate surfactant
Other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkali metal sarcosinates of
formula R-
CON (R1) CH2 COOM, wherein R is a C5-C17 linear or branched alkyl or alkenyl
group, R1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group and M is an alkali metal ion. Preferred
examples are the myristyl and oleoyl methyl sarcosinates in the form of their
sodium salts.
Cationic surfactant
Another preferred surfactant is a cationic surfactant, which may preferably be
present at a level of from 0.1 % to 60% by weight of the composition herein,
more
preferably from 0.4% to 20%, most preferably from 0.5% to 5% by weight of the
composition herein.
When present, the ratio of the anionic surfactant to the cationic surfactant
is
preferably from 35:1 to 1:3, more preferably from 15:1 to 1:1. most preferably
from 10:1 to 1:1.
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Preferably the cationic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
cationic
ester surfactants, cationic mono-alkoxylated amine surfactants, cationic bis-
alkoxylated amine surfactants and mixtures thereof.
Amphoteric surfactant
Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the amine oxide
surfactants and the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids.
Zwitterionic surfactant
Zwitterionic surfactants can also be comprised by the composition herein.
These
surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary
amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or
derivatives
of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium
compounds. Betaine and sultaine surfactants are exemplary zwitterionic
surfactants for use herein.
Building agent
Water-soluble building agent
The composition herein may comprises a water-soluble building agent, typically
present at a level of from 0% to 36% by weight, preferably from 1% to 35% by
weight, more preferably from 10% to 35%, even more preferably from 12% to
30% by weight of the composition or particle. Preferably, the water-soluble
builder compound is an alkali or earth alkali metal salt of phosphate present
at
the level described above.
Suitable examples of water-soluble phosphate builders are the alkali metal
tripolyphosphates, sodium, potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium
and potassium and ammonium pyrophosphate, sodium and potassium
orthophosphate, sodium polymeta/phosphate in which the degree of
polymerisation ranges from about 6 to 21, and salts of phytic acid.
Other typical water-soluble building agents include the water soluble
monomeric
polycarboxylates, or their acid forms, homo or copolymeric polycarboxylic
acids
or their salts in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two
carboxylic
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radicals separated from each other by not more that two carbon atoms, borates,
phosphates, and mixtures of any of the foregoing.
Water-insoluble building agent
The composition herein preferably comprises a water-insoluble building agent.
Examples of water insoluble builders include the sodium aluminosilicates.
Suitable aluminosilicate zeolites have the unit cell formula
Naz[(AI02)z(Si02)y].
xH2O wherein z and y are at least 6; the molar ratio of z to y is from 1.0 to
0.5
1o and x is at least 5, preferably from 7.5 to 276, more preferably from 10 to
264.
The aluminosilicate material are in hydrated form and are preferably
crystalline,
containing from 10% to 28%, more preferably from 18% to 22% water in bound
form.
Suds suppressing system
The composition may comprise a suds suppresser at a level less than 10%,
preferably 0.001% to 10%, preferably from 0.01% to 8%, most preferably from
0.05% to 5%, by weight of the composition Preferably the suds suppresser is
either a soap, paraffin, wax, or any combination thereof. If the suds
suppresser is
a suds suppressing silicone, then the detergent composition preferably
comprises from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight a suds suppressing silicone.
Suitable suds suppressing systems for use herein may comprise essentially any
known antifoam compound, including, for example silicone antifoam compounds
and 2-alkyl alcanol antifoam compounds.
By antifoam compound it is meant herein any compound or mixtures of
compounds which act such as to depress the foaming or sudsing produced by a
solution of the composition herein, particularly in the presence of agitation
of that
solution.
Particularly preferred antifoam compounds for use herein are silicone antifoam
compounds defined herein as any antifoam compound including a silicone
component. Such silicone antifoam compounds also typically contain a silica
component. The term "silicone" as used herein, and in general throughout the
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industry, encompasses a variety of relatively high molecular weight polymers
containing siloxane units and hydrocarbyl group of various types. Preferred
silicone antifoam compounds are the siloxanes, particularly the
polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end blocking units. Preferably the
composition herein comprises from 0.005% to 0.5% by weight suds suppressing
silicone.
Polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents
1o The composition herein may also comprise from 0.01% to 10 %, preferably
from
0.05% to 0.5% by weight of polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents. These
polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents are in addition to the polymeric
material
of the water-soluble film. The polymeric dye transfer inhibiting agents are
preferably selected from polyamine N-oxide polymers, copolymers of N-
vinylpyrrolidone and N-vinylimidazole, polyvinylpyrrolidonepolymers or
combinations thereof.
Cationic fabric softening agents
Cationic fabric softening agents are preferably present in the composition
herein.
Suitable cationic fabric softening agents include the water insoluble tertiary
amines or dilong chain amide materials as disclosed in GB-A-1 514 276 and EP-
B-0 011 340. Preferably, these water-insoluble tertiary amines or dilong chain
amide materials are comprised by the solid component of the composition
herein. Cationic fabric softening agents are typically incorporated at total
levels of
from 0.5% to 15% by weight, normally from 1 % to 5% by weight.
Other optional ingredients
Other optional ingredients suitable for inclusion in the composition herein
include
optical brighteners, perfumes, colours and filler salts, with sodium sulphate
being
a preferred filler salt.
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Exaoles
Abbreviations used in the following examoles
s Abbreviation Descrintion
PAP N,N- Phthaloyl amido peroxy caproic acid
TAED Tetra acetyl ethylene diamine
TCPAP N,N' Terephthaloyl di(6-amino peroxycaproic
acid
io NOBS Nonanoly oxy benzene sulfonate
NAC-OBS Nonanoly amido. caproic oxy benzene
sulpfonate
Percarbonate Sodium percarbonate of the nominal formula
2Na2CO3.3H20
15 Anionic surfactant Sodium linear C11-C13 alkyl benzene sulfonate
Nonionic surfactant C12-Cle predominantly linear primary alcohol
condensed with an average of from 1 to 7
moles of ethylene oxide
Cationic surfactant R2.N+(CH3)(C2H4OH)Z, wherein R2 = C1rC12
20 Zeolite A Hydrated sodium aluminosilicate of the
formula Na12(Al02Si02)12.27H20 having a
primary particle size in the range of from 0.1
to 10 micrometers (weight expressed on an
anhydrous basis)
25 Quaternary imine salt di-hydroisoquinolinium N-propyl sulfonate
Brightener Disodium 4,4'-bis-(2-sulfostyryl)biphenyl,
supplied by Ciba-Geigy under the trademark
Tinopal CBS
Amylase Amylolytic enzyme having an activity of from
30 15mg/g to 25mg/g active enzyme, supplied by
Novo Industries A/S under the trademark
Termamyl
Cellulase Cellulolytic enzyme having an activity of from
1 mg/g to 5mg/g active enzyme, supplied by
35 Novo Industries A/S under the trademark
Carezyme
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Lipase Lipolytic enzyme having an activity of from
5mg/g to 20mg/g active enzyme, supplied by
Novo lndustries,A/S under the trademark
Lipolase Ultra
Mannanase Mannanase enzyme having an activity of from.
25mg/g active enzyme
Protease Proteolytic enzyme having an activity of from
15mg/g to 75mg/g active enzyme, supplied by
Novo Industries A/S under the trademark as
Savinase, or supplied by Genencor under the
trademark FN2, FN3, or FN4
Perfume Un-encapsulated or an encapsulated perfume
Sulphate Anhydrous sodium sulphate
Carbonate Anhydrous sodium carbonate
Smectite clay Montrnorillonite clay or hectorite day
Examnle 1
A detergent composition in a dual-compartment pouch, which is in accord with
the present invention, is described. The dual compartment pouch is made from a
TM
Monosol M8630 film as supplied by Chris-Craft Industrial Products. The
ingredients of the first component and second component of the composition,
which are contained in different compartments of the pouch, are described. The
first component comprises mineral oil as a liquid matrix, and.comprises PAP in
the form of suspended particles, which are suspended in the mineral oil. The
second component is a liquid.
First component incaredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
PAP 2% to 10%
Mineral 00 4% to 15%
Second comDonent ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
Anionic surfactant 5% to 20%
Nonionic surfactant 5% to 20%
Cationic surfactant 0% to 5%
Citric acid 0.5% to 2%
Fatty acid 12% to 20%
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Brightener 0.1 % to 0.4%
Amylase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Cellulase 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Lipase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Mannanase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Protease 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Perfume 0% to 3%
Propanediol 10% to 20%
Monoethanolamine 5% to 20%
1o Water 0% to 20%
First & second component ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
Miscellaneous ingredients to 100%
Examples 2, 3 and 4
As the detergent composition described in example 1, except that the pouch is
made from a PT film supplied by Aicello (example 2), or a K-series film
supplied
by Aicello (example 3), or VF-HP film supplied by Kuraray (example 4).
2o Examples 5, 6 and 7
As the detergent composition described in example 1, except that from 0.1 % to
20% TAED (example 5), from 0.1 % to 20% NOBS (example 6) and from 0.1 /a to
20% NAC-OBS (Example 7) are used instead of PAP as the bleaching ingredient
in the first component, respectively, and from 0% to 15% percarbonate is
comprised by the second component.
Examples 8, 9 and 10
As the detergent compositions described in example 5, 6 and 7,respectively,
except that a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and propanediol (having a
weight
ratio of 4:1) is used instead of mineral oil as the liquid matrix of the first
component.
Example 11
A detergent composition in a dual-compartment pouch, which is in accord with
the present invention, is described. The dual compartment pouch is made from a
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Monosol M8630 film as supplied by Chris-Craft Industrial Products. The
ingredients of the first component and second component of the composition,
which are contained in different compartments of the pouch, are described. The
first component is a liquid, which comprises PAP in the form of suspended
particles, and mineral oil as the liquid matrix. The second component is a
solid.
First component ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
PAP 2% to 10%
Mineral oil 4% to 15%
Second component ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
Anionic surfactant 10% to 20%
Nonionic surfactant 0% to 20%
Cationic surfactant 0% to 5%
Zeolite A 5% to 30%
Quaternary imine salt 0% to 1%
Brightener 0.1 % to 0.4%
Amylase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Cellulase 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
2o Lipase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Mannanase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Protease 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Perfume 0% to 3%
Sulphate 5% to 30%
Carbonate 5% to 30%
First & second component ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
Miscellaneous ingredients to 100%
3o Examples 12, 13 and 14
As the detergent composition described in example 11, except that from 0.1 %
to
20% TAED (example 12), from 0.1 % to 20% NOBS (example 13) and from 0.1 %
to 20% NAC-OBS (Example 14) are used instead of PAP as the bleaching
ingredient in the first component, respectively, and from 0% to 15%
percarbonate
is comprised by the second component.
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Examale 15. 16 and 17
As the detergent composition described in example -11, except that the pouch
is
made from a PT film supplied by Aicello (example 15), or a K-series film
supplied
by Aicello.(example 16), or VF-HP film supplied by Kuraray (example 17).
Examale 18
A detergent composition in a dual-compartment pouch, which is in accord with
the present invention, -is described. The dual compartment pouch is made from
a
Monosol M8630 film as supplied by Chris-Craft Industrial Products. The
io ingredients of the first component and second component of the composition,
which are contained in differentcompartments of the pouch, are described. The
first component is a liquid, which comprises PAP in the forrin of suspended
particles, and mineral oil as the liquid matrix. Zeolite A is the form of
suspended
particles. The second component is a liquid.
First component inaredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
PAP 2% to1096
Mineral oil 4% to 25%
Zeolite A 5% to 25%
Citric acid 0% to 596
Carbonate 0% to 10%
Brightener 0.1 % to 0.4%
NeodolTM 24-7 nonionic surfactant 10% to 20%
Anionic surfactant 5% to 20%
Monoethanolamine 5% to 15%
Smectite day 0% to 15%
Second component inaredients Amount (%wt of total comaosition)
Cationic surfactant 0% to 5%
3o Amylase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Cellulase 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Lipase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Mannanase 0% to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Protease 0.01 % to 0.4% (% active enzyme)
Perfume 0% to 3%
Propanediol 10% to 15%
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Monoethanolamine 1% to 15%
Water 0% to 20%
First & second component ingredients Amount (%wt of total composition)
5 Miscellaneous ingredients to 100%
Examples 19, 20 and 21
As the detergent composition described in example 18, except that from 0.1 %
to
20% TAED (example 19), from 0.1 % to 20% NOBS (example 20) and from 0.1 %
1o to 20% NAC-OBS (Example 21) are used instead of PAP as the bleaching
ingredient in the first component, respectively, and from 0% to 15%
percarbonate
is comprised by the second component.
Examples 22, 23 and 24
15 As the detergent composition described in example 18, except that the pouch
is
made from a PT film supplied by Aicello (example22), or a K-series film
supplied
by Aicello (example23), or VF-HP film supplied by Kuraray (example 24).
Examples 25, 26 and 27
20 As the detergent composition described in examples 5, 6 and 7,
respectively,
except that the percarbonate is comprised by the first component.
Examples 28, 29 and 30
As the detergent composition described in examples 12, 13 and 14,
respectively,
25 except that the percarbonate is comprised by the first component.
Examples 31, 32 and 33
As the detergent composition described in examples 22, 23 and 24,
respectively,
except that the percarbonate is comprised by the first component.
Examples 34, 35 and 36
As the detergent compositions described in example 12, 13 and 14,
respectively,
except that a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and propanediol (having a
weight
ratio of 4:1) is used instead of mineral oil as the liquid matrix of the first
component.
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Examples 37, 38 and 39
As the detergent compositions described in example 22, 23 and 24,
respectively,
except that a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and propanediol (having a
weight
ratio of 4:1) is used instead of mineral oil as the liquid matrix of the first
component.
Example 40
As the detergent composition described in example, except that TPCAP is
comprised by the first component instead of PAP.
Example 41
As the detergent described in example 1, except that the first component
comprises from 10% to 30% water, instead of mineral oil, and the first
component also comprises (by weight of the total composition) from 1% to 10%
magnesium sulfate and from 1% to 5% succinic acid.
Example 42
Laundry articles making up one washing load are cleaned in an automatic
washing machine with from one to three pouches weighing from 20g to 50g
which are added either to the drum of the automatic washing machine or the
dispenser draw of the automatic washing machine. The pouches contain a
detergent compositions described in any of examples 1 to 41.
