Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SHADING CREAM FORMULATIONS
Background of the Invention
Field of the Invention
The invention relates to shaving cream formulations. More specifically, the
invention relates to cationic
shaving cream formulations comprising a separate antiseptic component.
Description of the Related Art
Currently used shaving creams are primarily anionic and stiffen or harden the
hair. This often results in
irritation to the skin during and after shaving,'and may result in ingrown
hairs and pimpling of the skin. Thus, there is
a need for shaving creams which soften, rather than harden, hair and soothe
the skin, resulting in significantly less
irritation and a smoother shave. The invention addresses this need.
Summary of the Invention
A shaving cream formulation comprising a cationic surfactant and a separate
antiseptic component.
Preferably, the cationic surfactant is a quaternary ammonium compound and,
more preferably, is selected from the
group consisting of cetrimonium chloride, benzalkonium chloride,
behenyltrimonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium
chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride,
tetramethylammonium chloride,
tetraethylammonium chloride, octyltrimethylammonium chloride,
dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride,
hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
decyldimethylbenzylammonium
chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, didodecyldimethylammonium
chloride,
dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, tallowtrimethylammonium chloride,
cocotrimethylammonium chloride, the
corresponding hydroxides thereof, Quaternium-5, Quaternium-31 and Quaternium-
18. The antiseptic component
preferably is selected from the group consisting of oil of Melaleuca
alternifolia and oil Lavandula angustifolia. The
shaving cream formulation may also, preferably, comprise one or more agents
selected from the group consisting of
biological additive, neutral surfactant, emulsifying agent, opacifying agent,
moisturizer, humectant, emollient, film
forming agent, chelating agent, skin conditioning agent, pH adjuster,
preservative, antioxidant, coloring agent,
viscosity enhancing agent and fragrance. The sharing cream formulation also,
preferably, does not comprise an anionic
surfactant. The sharing cream formulation preferably contains the cationic
surfactant at about 5% to about 15%, or
to about 10%, by weight.
These formulation may be used as part of a method of shaving, comprising the
steps of topically applying a
shaving cream formulation comprising a cationic surfactant and a separate
antiseptic component to the skin and
shaving the skin upon which the shaving cream formulation is applied.. The
formulation may also be used as part of a
method of shaving, comprising the steps of identifying an individual afflicted
with or likely to be afflicted with acne,
eczema, ingrown hairs (folliculitis) or otherwise sensitive skin, topically
applying a shaving cream formulation
comprising a cationic surfactant and a separate antiseptic component to the
skin, and shaving the skin upon which the
shaving cream formulation is applied. The skin may be facial skin, leg skin,
or underarm skin
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Detailed Descriution of the Preferred Embodiments
The invention provides shaving cream formulations for topical application to
the skin prior to shaving. In
contrast to currently available anionic shaving cream formulations which are
formulated to harden or stiffen the hair
to be shaved, and typically do not contain a separate antiseptic component,
the present cationic shaving formulations
soften the hair and thus are gentle, non-irritating and significantly reduce
the occurrence of ingrown hairs and other
sources of infection and dermal irritation. The formulations also comprise a
separate antiseptic agent which heals
shaving cuts; prevents rashes, burns and irritation; and prevents and treats
acne and eczema. Such acne and eczema
are particularly associated with facial skin of adolescent males, who are
often only beginning to shave their facial
hair. Such acne and eczema are also particularly associated with body skin,
especially leg and underarm skin of
adolescent females, who are often only beginning to shave their body,
especially leg and underarm hair.
The compositions of the invention provide better shaving comfort, a smoother
shave and have moisturizing
properties in contrast to standard, currently available shaving creams. Such
currently available shaving creams tend
to dry the skin.
Preferably, the shaving cream formulations of the invention are applied
directly to the skin prior to, or less
preferably during, shaving. The quantity applied will vary depending on the
amount, density, and hardness of the hair
to be removed, and the personal preference of the user.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the formulations comprise one or
more, or combinations thereof,
cosmetically acceptable cationic surfactants. In a preferred embodiment, the
cationic surfactant is a quaternary
ammonium hydroxide or salt thereof (for example and preferably, the chloride
salts of the quaternary ammonium).
Suitable cationic surfactants for use in the shaving cream formulations of the
invention include cetrimonium chloride,
cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, behenyltrimethylammonium chloride,
cetylpyridinium chloride,
tetramethylammonium chloride, tetraethylammonium chloride,
octyltrimethylammonium chloride,
dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride,
octyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
decyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride,
didodecyldimethylammonium
chloride, dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride, tallowtrimethylammonium
chloride, cocotrimethylammonium
chloride, and the corresponding hydroxides thereof. Further suitable cationic
surfactants include those materials
having the CTFA (the International Cosmetic Ingredients Dictionary)
designations Quaternium-5, Quaternium-31 and
Duaternium-18. Mixtures of any of the foregoing materials are also suitable
for use in the invention.
In a preferred embodiment, the cationic surfactant is present in an amount
between about 5% by weight and
about 25% by weight, and more preferably between about 5% wt and about 15% wt,
and most preferably between
about 5% wt and about 10% wt. The cationic surfactant is also preferably
present in an amount of about 6%, about
7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11 %, about 12%, about 13%, or about
14% by weight.
The topical formulations described herein further comprise one or more
antiseptic agents to promote healing
of cuts which occur while shaving, and for preventing ingrown hairs and
irritation. The antiseptic is beneficial for
individuals with, or likely to be afflicted with, acne. Currently available
shaving cream compositions do not
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incorporate antiseptics as distinct components from the cationic surfactants.
Rather, so-called aftershave
formulations are typically formulated for use as antiseptics after shaving,
and contain relatively high concentrations of
antiseptic agents such as alcohol. The present formulations are thus more
convenient than the conventional shaving
creamjantiseptic aftershave combination because the present formulations
obviate the need to apply aftershaves to
soothe topical irritation which occurs during shaving.
In a preferred embodiment, the antiseptic is a biological additive (for
example, a botanical or herbal) having
antiseptic properties, particularly oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree
oil) andlor oil of Lavandula Angustifolia,
although other standard antiseptic agents well known to one of ordinary skill
in the art (for example, isopropyl alcohol
and triclosan) may also be used.
Tea tree oil is particularly preferred due to its particular antiseptic, anti-
inflammatory and antifungal
properties. The preferred shaving cream formulations of the invention are
particularly useful for preventing and
treating ingrown hairs (folliculitis), treating cuts which occur while
shaving, and treating and preventing acne. The
combination of cationic surfactant and tea tree oil is particularly beneficial
to individuals with acne because the
softening action of the cationic surfactant in combination with the tea tree
oil, optionally in combination with
moisturizers and emollients, soothes and protects the skin, and prevents
worsening of the condition which may occur
when shaving with anionic shaving creams due to the irritation associated with
the bristling effect of these
compositions in combination with passing a razor over areas of the skin
affected with acne. Tea tree oil is also
preferable to standard acne medications such as benzoyl peroxide because,
unlike these compounds, tea tree oil does
not dry or irritate the skin, and cleans much more deeply than benzoyl
peroxide which works only at the surface of the
skin. Thus, the use of topical acne medications while shaving with anionic
shaving creams is extremely irritating to
acne. The present shaving cream compositions are more preferable, and satisfy
the long-felt need for conditioning
shaving formulations, due in part to the combination of separate, effective,
cationic surfactant and antiseptic
components.
Alternatively, other additives, especially biological additives, may also be
incorporated into the shaving
cream formulations. Such additives may enhance the stability of, enhance or
otherwise alter the texture of, or
enhance or otherwise alter the odor of the formulation.
As used herein, the term "biological additive" indicates any compound obtained
from a natural source,
including plants, animals, bacteria and yeast, which has a medicinal or
otherwise beneficial effect when topically
applied to the skin. Examples of biological additives include ail of Melaleuca
alternifolia, oil of Lavandula angustifolia,
Carica papaya extract, Echinacea angustifolia extract, Mimosa tenuiflora
extract, Hydrocotyl (centellal asiatica
extract, gingko biloba extract, oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil),
Matricaria chamomila (chamomile) extract,
Hypericum perforatum extract, Aloe barbedensis extract, and the like. The
biological sources for "biological additive"
may also include, but are not limited to the following: Aloe Vera, Aloe
Barbedensis; Arnica, Arnica Montana;
Bladderwrack (seaweed), Fucus Vesciculosis; Birch, Betula Alba (Pendula);
Chamomile, Matricaria Chamomila
(Chamomila Recutita); Marsh Mallow, Althea Officinalis; Meadow Sweet, Spirea
Ulmaria (Filipendula); Mintllemon
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Balm, Melissa Officinalis; Mimosa, Mimosa Tenuiflora; Myrrh Tincture,
Commiphor Myrrha; Neem, Melia Azadirachta;
Nettle (stinging), Urtica Dioica; Papaya, Carica Papaya; Propolis (bee glue),
Propolis Cera; Raspberry, Rubis Idaeus;
Red Poppy, Papaver Rhoeas; Rose Hip (dog rose), Rosa Carima; Rosemary,
Rosemarinus Officinalis; Sage, Salvia
Officinalis; St. Johns Wort, Hypericum Perforatum; Strawberry, Fragaria Vesca;
Thea Sinensis (green tea), Camelia
Sinensis; Walnut, Juglans Regia; Witchhazel (distlextrl, Hamamelis Virginiana;
Yarrow, Achillea Millefolium; Wild Yam,
Dioscorea Villosa; Hawthorn, Crataegus MonoginalOxyantha; Herma (blacklrodl,
Lawsoma Ehemus; Hops, Humulus
Lupulus; Horse Chestnut, Aesculus Hippocastanum; Horse Tail, Equisitum
Arvense; Ivy, Hedera Helix; LindenlLime Tree
Blossoms, Tilia Argentea Cordata; Madder, Rubia Tinctorum; Marigold, Calendula
Officinalis; Centella Asiatica,
Centella Asiatica Urban (hydrocotyl Asiatica); Carrot (roots), Daucus Carota;
Comfrey (Allantoine), Symphytum
Officinale; Coneflower (Echinacea), Echinacea Angustifolia; Cucumber, Cucumis
Sativus (Frucus Cucumis); Fenugreek,
Trigonella Foenum Greacum; Gingko, Gingko Biloba; Ginseng, Panax Ginseng;
Great Burdock, Radix BardanealArctium
Lappa; Tea Tree Oil, Oil of Melaleuca Alternifolia; Colts Foot, Tussilago
Farfara; Clover, Trifolium Pratense; Speedwell,
Veronica Officinalis.
Further biological additives, along with the biological or medicinal
properties of the biological additives
described herein and of other known biological additives are know to those of
skill in the art. References, including
encyclopedias and treatises, known to those of skill in the art, that
described such biological additives, along with the
biological or medicinal properties of the biological additives described
herein, include: Guenther - The Essential Oils,
Van Nostrand; Int. Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary, Vol 1 & 2, C.T.F.A. 1995;
Int. Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook,
C.T.F.A. 1995; British Herbal Pharmacopoeia, British Herbal Medicine Assoc.,
1983; Clinical Applications of Ayurvedic
& Chinese Herbs, K. Bone, Phytotherapy Press, 1996; A Handbook of Chinese
Healing Herbs, D. Reed, Shambala,
Boston, 1995; Echinacea - Nature's Immune Enhancer, S. Foster, Healing Arts
Press, Rochester, 1991; Encyclopedia
of Herbs, D. Brown, RD Press, 1995; Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, A.
Chevalier, Dorling Kingers Ley, 1996;
L'Angelica - Herbal Extracts; Cosmetochem - Herbasol Extracts.
The shaving cream compositions described herein may be formulated for topical
application using methods
well known in the cosmetic arts. These formulations may additionally comprise
one or more emulsifying agents (e.g.
cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, polysorbate-60, cetomacrogol),
humectantslmoisturizers (for example, glycerin,
glycerol, sorbitol and other polyols), skin conditioning agents (for example,
triethanolamine, lactic acid, propylene
glycol, sweet almond oil, apricot kernel oily nonionic surfactants (for
example, coco betaine, lauryl pyrrolidone, ceteth
20, ethoxylated and propoxylated alcohols, sorbitan laurate, sorbitan
palmitate, sorbitan stearate, sorbitan oleate,
polysorbate 60), colorants such as staining dyes and pigments (for example,
calcium, barium and aluminum lakes, iron
oxides, titanium dioxide and mica), antioxidants (for example, tocopherols,
retinoids, ascorbyl palmitate,
thiodipropionic acidl, viscosity-enhancing agents (for example, cetearyl
alcohol, polyethylene glycol Myristyl, Cetyl
alcohol), opacifying agents (for example, titanium dioxide, ethylglycol
monostearate), film forming.agents (for example,
polyvinylpyrrolidone), emollients (for example, cetearyl octanoate, laneth-40,
paraffin liquid, polysorbate-601, skin
conditioning agents (for example, propylene glycol, sweet almond oil),
biological additives (for example, botanicals and
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herbals), germicides (for example, antibiotics, Triclosanl, anesthetics (for
example, benzyl alcohol, benzocainel,
chelating agents (for example, EDTA, EGTA), hydrotropes (for example, urea,
triethanol lactatelsodium lactate,
sorbitol, glycerin, propylene glycol), pH adjusters (for example, lactic acid,
citric acid, sodium bicarbonate),
preservatives (for example, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben,
butylparaben, phenoxyethanol octhilinone,
BHA, BHT), paraffin and fragrances (for example, strawberry extract, mangifera
indica). It will be appreciated by
those of skill in the art that particular compounds may be properly classified
in one, two or more of the above-listed
classifications or compound types.
In a preferred embodiment, one or more skin conditioning agents) is present in
the formulation in a combined
amount of from about 1 % to 5°l° by weight, more preferably from
about 1 %, about 2%, about 3%, or about 4% by
weight.
In a preferred embodiment, one or more emollients is present in the
formulation in a combined amount of
from about 1 % to 10% by weight, more preferably about 3% to 8% by weight, and
most preferably about 4%, about
5%, about 6% or about 7% by weight.
One or more nonionic or anionic surfactants is preferably present in the
formulations in an amount from
about 5% to 15% by weight, preferably about 8% to 12%, including about 9%,
about 10%, and about 11 % by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, one or more moisturizerslhumectants may be
present in the formulation in
an amount from about 1 % to 10% by weight, more preferably about 5%, about 6%,
or about 8% by weight.
One or more emulsifying agents, may also be present in a combined amount of
between about 1 % and about
15% by weight, more preferably between about 5% and about 12% by weight.
One or more preservatives may be present in a combined amount of between about
0.1 % and 5% by weight,
and most preferably about 0.5% by weight.
One or more opacifying agents may also be present in a combined amount of
between about 0.5% and 5% by
weight, more preferably between about 1 % and 3% by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, one or more biological additives may be
present in the formulation in an
amount from about 1 % to 5% by weight, more preferably about 2.5% by weight.
One or more film forming agents may also be present in a combined amount of
between about 0.5% and 2%
by weight, more preferably about 1% by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, one or more chelating agents may be present
in the formulation in an
amount from about 0.1 % to 0.5°l° by weight, more preferably
about 0.25% by weight.
In another preferred embodiment, one or more hydrotropes may be present in the
formulation in an amount
from about 1 % to 10% by weight, more preferably about 5% by weight.
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EXAMPLES
The following examples are illustrative, but not limiting, of the shaving
cream formulations of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1
A preferred shaving cream formulation was prepared. The components of this
formulation, and their
respective percentages, by weight, are listed in Table 1. As noted above, many
of the components of the formulation,
as listed in Table 1, are not necessarily elements of the formulation of the
invention. Only as recited in the claims, or
as explicitly recited in the written description, are particular components
necessary components of the formulation of
the invention.
TABLE 1
Cationic Shavinn Cream Formulation
COMPOUND APPROX, WEIGHTTYPE OF COMPOUND
%
de-ionized water 44.5 solvent
coco amido betaine 8 surfactant
cetyl alcohol 7 emulsifying agent
titanium dioxide 2 opacifying agent
sorbitol 5 moisturizerlhumectant
polysorbate-60 2 emulsifying agent
cetrimonium chloride 7 cationic surfactant
urea 5 hydrotrope
cetearyl octanoate 2 emollient
laneth-40 2.5 emollient
oil of Melaleuca Alternifolia1 biological additive
(tea tree oil)
oil of Lavandula Angustifolia1 biological additive
(Lavender oil)
lauryl pyrrolidone 1.5 surfactant
polyvinylpyrrolidone 1 film forming agent
sodium EDTA 0.2 chelating agent
triethanolamine 1 skin conditioning agent
lactic acid 0.2 pH adjuster, skin conditioning
agent
phenoxyethanol and methyllethyllpropyllbutyl0.3 preservative
parabens
Cetyl alcohol, polysorbate-60, cetearyl octanoate, laneth-40, lauryl
pyrrolidone and polyvinylpyrrolidone were
mixed and heated to 65-70°C. To this mixture was added the cetrimonium
chloride and half of the deionized water
(70°C), followed by mixing until all of the ethanol was evaporated. To
the resulting mixture was added the remaining
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half of the deionized water (cold), EDTA, sorbitol, urea titanium dioxide,
coco amido betaine, triethanolamine and lactic
acid. The cold deionized water, sorbitol and EDTA were premixed, as were the
triethanolamine and lactic acid.
Phenoxyethanol and methyllethyllpropyl/butyl parabens were then added to the
mixture, which was cooled to 40°C,
followed by addition of the tea tree and lavender oils.
EXAMPLE 2
Another preferred shaving cream formulation was prepared having the following
composition:
TABLE 2
Cationic Shaving Cream Formulation
COMPOUND APPROX. WEIGHTTYPE OF COMPOUND
%
Cetomacrogol 2 nonionic emulsifier
myristyl alcohol
8 emulsifying agent
polysorbate 60 2 nonionic emulsifier
laneth-40 2.5 emollient
paraffin soft white 2 vaseline
cetearyl octanoate 2 emollient
benzyl alcohol 1 mild anesthetic
cetrimonium chloride 7 cationic surfactant
deionized water 50 solvent
sorbitol 5 moisturizerlhumectant
EDTA 0.2 chelating agent
urea 5 hydrotrope
titanium dioxide 2 opacifying agent
coco amido betaine 8 surfactant
triethanolamine 1 skin conditioning
agent
lactic acid 0.2 skin conditioning
agent
phenonid 0.4 preservative
oil of Melaleuca Alternifolia1 biological additive
(tea tree oil)
oil of LavandulaAngustifolia1.5 biological additive
(lavender oil)
The first seven compounds listed in Table 2 were mixed and heated to 65-
70°C. To this mixture was added
the cetrimonium chloride and half of the deionized water (70°C),
followed by mixing until all of the ethanol was
evaporated. To the resulting mixture was added the remaining half of the
deionized water (cold), EDTA, sorbitol, urea
titanium dioxide, coco amido betaine, triethanolamine and lactic acid. The
cold deionized water, sorbitol and EDTA
were premixed, as were the triethanolamine and lactic acid. Phenonid was then
added to the mixture, which was
cooled to 40°C, followed by addition of the tea tree and lavender oils.
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Although the foregoing invention has been described in detail by way of
illustration and examples for
purposes of clarity of understanding, it is readily apparent to those of
ordinary skill in the art in light of the teachings
of this invention that certain changes and modifications, particularly with
regard to specific exemplary components
and to the specific ranges of the components of the formulations, may be made
thereto without departing from the
spirit and scope of protection afforded the invention described, and claimed,
herein.
.g.
