Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02414133 2008-05-22
AUTOMATIC DISHWASI-IING ME'I'IIOD EMPLOYING
AN ORGANIC SOLVENT SYSTEM
Technical field
The present invention is in the field of dishwashing, in particular it relates
to dishwashing
methods suitable for the removal of cooked-, baked- and burnt-on soils from
cookware
and tableware.
Background of the invention
Cooked-, baked- and burnt-on soils are amongst the most severe types of soils
to remove
from surfaces. Traditionally, the removal of cooked-, baked- and burnt-on
soils from
cookware and tableware requires soaking the soiled object prior to a
mechanical action.
Apparently, the automatic dishwashing process alone does not provide a
satisfactory
removal of cooked-, baked- and bumt-on soils. lvlanual dishwashing process
requires a
tremendous rubbing effort to remove cooked-, balced- and burnt-on soils and
this can be
detrimental to the safety and condition of the cookware/tableware.
The use of cleaning compositions containing solvent for helping in the removal
of
cooked-, baked- and burnt-on solids is known in the art. For example, US-A-
5,102,573
provides a method for treating hard surfaces soiled with cooked-on, baked-on
or dried-on
food residues comprising applying a pre-spotting composition to the soiled
article. The
composition applied comprises surfactant, builder, amine and solvent. US-A-
5,929,007
provides an aqueous hard surface cleaning composition for removing hardened
dried or
baked-on grease soil deposits. The composition comprises nonionic surfactant,
chelating
agent, caustic, a glycol ether solvent system, organic amine and anti-
redeposition agents.
WO-A-94/28108 discloses an aqueous cleaner concentrate composition, that can
be
diluted to form a more viscous use solution comprising an effective thickening
amount of
a rod micelle thickener composition, lower alkyl glycol ether solvent and
hardness
sequestering agent. The application also describes a method of cleaning a food
preparation unit having at least one substantially vertical surface having a
baked food soil
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coating. In practice, however, none of the art has been found to be very
effective in
removing baked-on, polyinerized soil from metal and other substrates.
The use of solvents in the automatic dishwashing context is also known. JP-A-
10,017,900 discloses an automatic dishwashing auxiliary composition comprising
non-
ionic low foaming surfactant, organic solvent and water. The composition
delivers
detergency and drying benefits. JP-A-11,117,000 discloses a cleaning assistant
composition for automatic dishwashing machines comprising surfactant, organic
high-
molecular polyelectrolyte, water-soluble solvent and water. The claimed
assistant
composition helps in the cleaning of stubborn dirt such as that due to oil or
lipstick.
There is still the need for a method and products having improved efficacy for
the
removal of cooked-, baked- and burnt-on soils from cookware and tableware
using an
automatic dishwashing machine and avoiding the use of a pre-treatment step.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
method of
removing- cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil (such as grease, meat, dairy,
fruit, pasta
and any other food especially difficult to remove after the cooking process)
from
cookware a.nd tableware (including stainless steel, glass, plastic, wood and
ceramic
objects). The method comprises washing the cookware/tableware in an automatic
dishwashing machine in the presence of an organic solvent system (comprising a
single
solvent compound or a mixture of solvent compounds) having a volatile organic
content
above 1 inm Hg of less than about 50%, preferably less than about 20% and more
preferably less than about 10% by weight of the solvent system. Herein
volatile organic
content of the solvent system is defined as the content of organic components
in the
solvent system having a vapor pressure higher than the prescribed limit at 25
C and
atmospheric pressure.
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The optimum concentration of the solvent in the wash liquor is from about 100
ppm to
about 10000 ppm, preferably from about 200 to about 8000 and more preferably
from
about 500 to.about 5000 ppm.
The washing process herein is preferably undertaken at low wash liquor surface
tension,
this being valuable, in conjunction with the defined solvent levels from the
viewpoint of
providing optimum cleaning performance of cooked-, baked- and burnt-on soils.
Preferably, the surface tension of the wash liquor is less than about 35.mN/m,
preferably
less than about 32 mN/m more preferably less than about 30 mN/m and especially
less
than about 28 mN/m.
Thus, according to another aspect of the invention there is provided a method
of removing
cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware comprising
washing
the cookware/tableware in an automatic dishwashing machine in the presence of
an
organic solvent system having a wash liquor concentration of from about 100
ppm to
about 10000 ppm, preferably from about 200 to about 8000 and more preferably
from
about 500 to about 5000 ppm, and at a wash liquor surface tension of less than
about 35
mN/rn, preferably less than about 32 mN/m more preferably less than about 30
mN/m and
especially less than about 28 mN/m.
The organic solvent system is preferably used in combination with a
surfactant, especially
a low foaining non-ionic surfactant and a detergency builder. Thus another
embodiment
of the invention provides a method of removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on
food soil
from cookware and tableware comprising washing the cookware/tableware in an
automatic dishwashing machine in the presence of surfactant, detergency
builder and an
0 organic solvent system wherein the surfactant has a wash liquor
concentration of from
about 10 to about 1000, preferably from about 100 to about 600 ppm, the
detergency
builder has a wash liquor concentration of about 100 to about 5000, preferably
from
about 1000 to about 3000 ppm and the organic solvent system has a wash liquor
concentration of from about 100 to about 10000 ppm, preferably from about 200
to about
8000 ppm and more preferably from about 500 to about 5000 ppm. The pH of the
wash
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liquor will generally be in the alkaline range, preferably at least 10.5 or
more preferably at
least 11.0, this pH being provided by means of an alkalinity source or sources
in one or
more compositions used for delivery of the solvent, surfactant and builder. -
The methods of the invention can be performed using a purpose-designed organic
solvent
composition, but in a preferred aspect, the invention envisages the use of a
plurality of
compositions including at least one organic solvent composition. The
compositions can
be delivered into the same or different cycles of the automatic dishwashing
machine. The
soiled cookware/tableware is washed in the resulting solvent-containing wash
liquor.
Thus, according to another aspect of the invention, the removal of cooked-,
baked-, or
burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware can be carried out by the use
ofone or
more organic solvent compositions (wherein "solvent composition" is understood
to
comprise the organic solvent system and optional additional active ingredients
and
diluents) and one or more automatic dishwashing detergent compositions. The
organic
solvent composition can be built, unbuilt or generally unbuilt, but when used
as an
additive composition in conjunction with a dishwashing detergent composition,
the
solvent composition will normally be relatively unbuilt by comparison with the
detergent
composition. By "relatively unbuilt" is meant that under normal use
conditions, the
solvent composition will deliver a minor proportion (less than 50%, preferably
less than
25%, more preferably less than 10% by weight) of the total builder delivered
to the wash
liquor by the one or more solvent compositions and the one or more detergent
compositions. By "generally unbuilt" is meant that the composition contains
less than
about 5% by weight of detergency builder.
According to different embodiments of the present invention, the solvent
compositions
and automatic dishwashing detergent compositions can be delivered either at
the same or
at different points of the dishwashing cycle, for example: i) solvent
composition and
automatic dishwashing detergent composition are independently delivered in the
pre-wash
cycle and in the main-wash cycle, respectively; ii) a solvent composition and
a first
automatic dishwashing detergent composition are delivered in the pre-wash
cycle and a
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second automatic dishwashing detergent composition in the main-wash cycle;
iii) a first
solvent composition and a first automatic dishwashing detergent composition
are
delivered in the pre-wash cycle and a second solvent composition and a second
automatic
dishwashing detergent composition in the main-wash cycle; iv) a solvent
composition and
5 an automatic dishwashing detergent composition are delivered simultaneously
in the
main-wash cycle; and v) a solvent composition and an automatic dishwashing
detergent
composition are delivered in the pre-wash and in the main-wash cycle.
Another embodiment provides a method of removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on
food
soil from cookware and tableware comprising washing the cookware/tableware in
the pre-
wash cycle of an automatic dishwashing machine in the presence of an organic
solvent
composition and thereafter rinsing the cookware/tableware in the rirnse cycle
of the
automatic dishwashing machine in the presence of an automatic dishwashing
rinse
composition.
In preferred embodiments, the organic solvent composition and the automatic
dishwashing detergent composition are delivered either i) from separate
storage means
(e.g. different bottles in the case of liquid compositions, different pouches,
etc.) into the
same cycle of an automatic dishwashing machine. Preferably, the organic
solvent
composition provides a wash liquor concentration of organic solvent as
prescribed herein
and preferably in the range from about 100 to about 10000 ppm, preferably from
about
500 to about 5000; or ii) from separate zones of a multi-zone storage means
(e.g. multi-
compartment bottle in the case of liquid compositions) into the same or
different cycles of
an automatic dishwashing machine. Suitably, the organic solvent composition
and the
automatic dishwashing detergent composition are delivered from separate zones
of a
multi-zone storage means at a feed ratio (solvent composition: detergent
composition) in
the range from about 5:1 to about 1:50, preferably from about 2:1 to about 1:6
and more
preferably from about 1:1 to about 1:5 to provide a wash liquor concentration
of organic
solvent in the range preferably from about 100 to about 10000, more preferably
from
about 500 to about 5000 ppm. Alternatively, the organic solvent composition
and the
automatic dishwashing detergent composition are delivered from separate zones
of a
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multi-zone storage means sequentially into the pre-wash and main wash cycle,
respectively. This can be valuable in the case of product incompatibility to
reduce
interaction between the organic solvent composition and the automatic
dishwashing
detergent composition. Where, the organic solvent composition and the
automatic
dishwashing detergent composition are delivered simultaneously from separate
zones of a
multi-zone storage means, the physical form of the organic solvent composition
and/or
automatic dishwashing detergent composition is preferably such as to prevent
intimate
mixing of the compositions prior to contact thereof with the wash liquor.
The invention can be also reduced to practice using multi-phase, "all-in-one"
products.
Thus, according to another embodiment of the invention, there is provided a
method of
removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware
comprising delivering separate portions of a multi-phase detergent composition
into the
same or different cycles of an automatic dishwashing machine, wherein the
multi-phase
detergent composition comprises at least a first phase containing an organic
solvent
composition and at least a second phase containing an automatic dishwashing
detergent
composition. The multiphase detergent composition, for example could take the
form of a
multi-layer liquid (e.g. coacervate) or gel contained in a bottle, or a
multiphase tablet
incorporating the solvent composition in the form of a gel contained within a
preformed
cavity or recess within the main tablet body. In either instance, the level of
solvent
delivered to the wash process should be such as to deliver the benefits on
cooked-, baked-
or burnt-on food soils.
The present invention also envisages the use of multiple organic solvent
compositions.
Thus according to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a
method of
removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware
comprising delivering a plurality of organic solvent compositions of different
solvent
characteristics into the same or different cycles of an automatic dishwashing
machine, for
example, a first solvent composition in the pre-wash cycle and a second
solvent
composition in the main-wash cycle. For optimum performance, the different
organic
solvent compositions are designed to be specific to different soil and/or
substrates. They
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can be delivered into different cycles of a dishwashing machine, with or
without different
automatic dishwashing detergent compositions, such that, for example, a first
solvent
composition and a first automatic dishwashing detergent composition are
delivered into
the pre-wash cycle and a second solvent composition and a second automatic
dishwashing detergent composition are delivered into the main-wash cycle.
In another embodiment of the invention the organic solvent composition can be
in a unit
dose fonn allowing controlled release (for example delayed, sustained,
triggered or slow
release) of the composition during one or more repeated washing cycles. In
preferred unit
dose forms, the solvent composition is contained in a single or multi-
compartment pouch.
Preferably organic solvent compositions for use herein comprise an organoamine
solvent
or other agent effective in removing the soil and have a liquid surface
tension of less than
about 24.5 mN/m, preferably less than about 24 mN/m, more preferably less than
about
23.5 mN/m.
In preferred embodiments the organic solvent composition additionally
comprises a
spreading auxiliary. The function of the spreading auxiliary is to reduce the
interfacial
tension between the organic solvent and the soil, therefore increasing the
wettability of
soils by organic solvents. The spreading auxiliary when added to the
compositions herein
containing organic solvents effective in removing the soil leads to a lowering
in the
surface tension of the compositions, preferred spreading auxiliaries being
those which
lower the surface tension below that of the auxiliary itself. Especially
useful are
spreading auxiliaries able to render a surface tension below about 30 mN/m,
preferably
below about 28 mN/rn and more preferably below about 26 mN/m, and especially
below
about 24 mN/m. Surface tensions are measured herein at 25 C. Spreading
auxiliaries for
use herein can be selected from organic solvents, wetting agents and mixtures
thereof.
The invention can also be applied to single-phase "all-in-one" products.
According to this
aspect, a method of removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from
cookware and
tableware comprises washing the cookware/tableware in an automatic dishwashing
machine with an automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprising
surfactant
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(preferably comprising low-foaming nonionic surfactant), detergency builder
and organic
solvent system in levels sufficient to provide a wash liquor concentration of
from about
ppm to about 1000 ppm surfactant, from about 100 ppm to about 5000 ppm
detergency'
builder, and about 100 ppm to about 10,000, preferably from about 500 ppm to
about
5 5000 ppm of organic solvent.
In the methods of the invention the organic solvent composition can be in the
form of a
liquid, paste, cream or gel and can be optionally encapsulated, packaged in a
single- or
multi-compartment pouch, or absorbed onto a porous carrier material. The
solvent
10 composition can be aqueous but preferably is anhydrous. Preferred pouches
for use
herein are water-soluble, solvent-resistant partially hydrolysed PVA pouches.
The optimum organic solvent systems for use herein are characterised by
extremely low
liquid surface tensions and contact angles on polymerised grease-coated
substrates.
Moreover, they generally consist of mixed solvent systems displaying
synergistic contact
angle and low surface tension. The organic solvent system herein preferably
has a liquid
surface tension at 25 C of less than about 27 mN/m, preferably less than 25
mN/m.
Suitable for the present invention are organic solvent systems comprising a
plurality of
solvent components in levels such that the solvent system has a surface
tension less than,
and preferably at least 1 mN/m less than that of any of the individual solvent
components.
In terms of contact angle, compositions containing the solvent system
preferably display
an advancing contact angle on a polymerised grease-coated substrate at 25 C of
less than
20 , preferably less than 10 and more preferably less than 5 . Furthermore,
the
advancing contact angle for compositions based on mixed solvent systems should
be less
than that of any of the corresponding compositions containing the individual
components
of the solvent system. Such solvent systems and compositions are found to be
optimum
for the removal of burnt-on soils having a high carbon content from cookware
and
tableware.
The method for determining contact angle is as follows. A sample plate
(prepared as
described below) is dipped into and pulled out of a liquid and contact angles
calculated
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after Wilhelmy Method. The force exerted on the sample according to the
immersion
depth is measured (using a Kruss K12 tensiometer and System K121 software) and
is
proportional to the contact angle of the liquid on the solid surface. The
sample plate is
prepared as follows: Spray 30-50 grams of Canola Oil into a beaker. Dip a
glass slide
(3x9x0.1 cm) into the Oil and thoroughly coat the surface. This results in an
evenly
dispersed layer of oil on the surface. Adjust the weight of product on the
slide's surface
until approximately 0.5 g of oil has been delivered and evenly distributed. At
this point,
bake the slides at 450F for 20 minutes, and allow to cool to room temperature.
A broad range of organic solvents are suitable for use herein but preferably
the organic
solvent is selected from alcohols, amines, esters, glycol ethers, glycols,
terpenes and
mixtures thereof. The organic solvent system is preferably formulated to meet
the
constraints on volatile solvent components described above and in highly
preferred
embodiments the solvent system will contain less than about 50%, preferably
less than
20% and more preferably less than 10% of solvent components having a vapor
pressure
above about 0.1 inm Hg at 25 C and atmospheric pressure. In highly preferred
embodiments, the solvent is essentially free (contains less than about 5% by
weight) of
solvent components having a boiling point below about 150 C, flash point below
about
100 C or a vapor pressure above about 1 mm Hg at 25 C and atmospheric
pressure.
The organic solvent system for use herein is preferably selected from
organoamine
solvents, inclusive of alkanolamines, alkylamines, alkyleneainines and
mixtures thereof;
alcoholic solvents inclusive of aromatic, aliphatic (preferably C4-Cio) and
cycloaliphatic
alcohols and mixtures thereof; glycols and glycol derivatives inclusive of C2-
C3
(poly)alkylene glycols, glycol ethers, glycol esters and mixtures thereof; and
mixtures
selected from organoamine solvents, alcoholic solvents, glycols and glycol
derivatives. In
one preferred embodiment the organic solvent comprises organoamine (especially
alkanolamine, more especially 2-aminalkanol) solvent and glycol ether solvent,
preferably
in a weight ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3, and wherein the glycol ether
solvent is
selected from ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether,
ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene
glycol
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monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol
monobutyl ether,
and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the glycol ether is a mixture of diethylene
glycol
monobutyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether, especially in a weight ratio
of from
about 1:2 to about 2:1.
5
In other preferred embodiments, suitable organic solvents include one or more
water-
soluble or dispersible, preferably hydroxylated organoamine solvents,
especially
alkanolamine solvents having a pKa of at least 8.8, preferably at least 9.3
and more
preferably at least 9.8. In these embodiments, the organic solvent system
preferably
10 comprises a mixture of a first organoamine solvent having a pKa of about
9.5 or less and
a second organoamine solvent having a pKa greater than about 9.5. Also
preferred for use
herein are organic solvents comprising salts of organoamines which are
introduced into
the wash liquor of the automatic dishwashing machine at a wash liquor pH above
the
highest pKa of the organoamine and which thereby act as a source of
organoamine
solvent. Suitable salt counterions include halides such as chloride and
bromide,
oxyanions such as sulphate, borate, phosphate, pyrophosphate and polyphosphate
and
surfactant anions.
In a preferred embodiment the organic solvent comprises one or more
organoamines
which is/are introduced into the wash liquor of an automatic dishwashing
machine in the
form of their ammonium salt at a wash liquor pH above the highest pKa of the
organoamine/s.
The effect of the solvent system can be fiuther improved by the addition of
certain wetting
agents. Preferably, the organic solvent system is used in conjunction with a
wetting agent
effective in lowering the surface tension of the solvent system, preferably to
at least 1
mN/m less than that of the wetting agent, the wetting agent preferably being
selected from
organic surfactants having a surface tension less than about 30 mN/m, more
preferably
less than about 28 mN/m and specially less than about 26 mN/m. Preferred
wetting
agents for use herein are silicone polyether copolymers, especially silicone
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poly(alkyleneoxide) copolymers wherein alkylene is selected from ethylene,
propylene
and mixtures thereof.
In terms of solvent parameters, the organic solvent can be selected from:
a) polar, hydrogen-bonding solvents having a Hansen solubility parameter of at
least 20
(Mpa)1/2, a polarity parameter of at least 7(Mpa)1/2, preferably at least 12
(Mpa)112 and
a hydrogen bonding parameter of at least 10 (Mpa)1i2
b) polar non-hydrogen bonding solvents having a Hansen solubility parameter of
at least
20 (Mpa)112, a polarity parameter of at least 7(Mpa)"2, preferably at least 12
(Mpa)v2
and a hydrogen bonding parameter of less than 10 (Mpa)v2
c) amphiphilic solvents having a Hansen solubility parameter below 20
(Mpa)1/2, a
polarity parameter of at least 7(Mpa)1/2 and a hydrogen bonding parameter of
at least 10
(Mpa)ii2
d) non-polar solvents having a polarity parameter below 7(Mpa)1/2 and a
hydrogen
bonding parameter below 10 (Mpa)1/2 and
e) mixtures thereof.
The invention also relates to detergent packs and multi-component products
suitable for
use in an automatic dishwashing machine or dishwashing pretreatment to provide
baked
and burnt-on soil removal and other cleaning benefits. In one embodiment,
there is
provided an automatic dishwashing detergent pack comprising two or more
automatic
dishwashing detergent and/or auxiliary products, storage means comprising
separate but
associated portions of the two or more products and means, for example
electric pump
means, for delivering quantities of the two or more products into the same or
different
cycles of an automatic dishwashing machine. The pack can also comprise means
for
controlling the relative dispensing rate of the two or more products from the
storage
means. The pack preferably comprises an organic solvent composition and an
automatic
dishwashing detergent composition and is used for removing cooked-, baked-,
and burnt-
on food soil from cookware and tableware. In a preferred embodiment the two or
more
automatic dishwashing detergent or auxiliary products are in rheology-matched
gel-form.
Compositions are considered to be rheology-matched if they have similar yield
values
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(differing by less than about 50%, preferably by less than about 20%) and/or
similar
viscosities (differing by less than about 50%, preferably by less than about
20%) under
the same shear conditions.
The invention also relates to organic solvent compositions suitable for use in
automatic
dishwashing. In one embodiment, an organic solvent composition comprises about
1% to
about 99%, preferably from about 5% to about 90% of an organic solvent system
for
removing cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware,
from
about 0.5% to about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% of bleach and
from
about 0.0001% to about 10% of detergency enzyme. The compositions preferably
are in
gel-form and contain a thickener such as methylcellulose or other nonionic
cellulosic
thickener. The solvent compositions are preferably anhydrous (containing less
than about
5%, preferably less than about 1% of water) and comprise bleach in the form of
a
particulate suspension having an average particle size in the range from about
10 to about
100 m, preferably from about 25 to about 75 m. The compositions are also
builder free
or generally builder free. It is a feature of the invention that a broad range
of solvents,
including organoamine solvents can be incorporated in the solvent compositions
of the
invention with acceptable bleach stability provided the water content of the
composition
is carefully controlled.
The invention also relates to detergent compositions suitable for use in
automatic
dishwashing. In one embodiment, an automatic dishwashing detergent composition
comprises from about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of a low-foaming non-ionic
surfactant, from about 1% to about 30% of an organoamine, preferably
alkanolamine
(especially monoethanolamine) solvent and at least about 5% by weight of a
detergency
builder. Preferably, the automatic dishwashing detergent composition is in the
form of a
gel comprising from about 2% to about 20%, preferably from 5% to 15% by weight
of an
alkanolamine, at least about 5% by weight of detergency builder, and from
about 0.1% to
about 5% by weight of a low foaming non-ionic surfactant. Although any non-
ionic low
foaming surfactant (or combination of non-ionic surfactants and suds
suppressers) can be
used herein, capped nonionic surfactants and combinations or amine oxide and
capped
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non-ionic surfactants are preferred. The compositions also preferably have a
pH (1%
aqueous solution) in excess of about 9.0, preferably in excess of about 10.5
and more
preferably greater than about 11.
In one embodiment, an automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprises
from
about 0.05% to about 10% by weight of a low-foaming non-ionic surfactant, from
about
1% to about 30% of an organic solvent, preferably alkanolamine solvent, at
least about
5% by weight of a detergency builder and a wetting agent, preferably a
silicone-
poly(alkyleneoxide) copolymers.
In a preferred embodiment an automatic dishwashing detergent pack is provided,
comprising: i) an organic solvent composition suitable for use in automatic
dishwashing
comprising from about 1% to about 99%, preferably from about 5% to about 90%,
especially from about 40% to about 80% of an organic solvent system for
removing
cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from cookware and tableware, from about
0.5% to
about 50%, preferably from about 5% to about 25% of bleach, from about 0.0001%
to
about 10% of detergency enzyme, and wherein the composition is in the form of
an
anhydrous gel comprising bleach in the form of a particulate suspension; and
ii) an
automatic dishwashing detergent composition comprising from about 0.05% to
about
10% by weight of a low-foaming non-ionic surfactant, optionally from about 1%
to about
30% of an organoamine, preferably alkanolamiine solvent, and at least about 5%
by weight
of a detergency builder. Preferably, the automatic dishwashing detergent
composition is
in the form of a gel comprising from about 2% to about 20%, preferably from
about 5% to
about 15% by weight of the composition of an alkanolamine, at least about 5%
by weight
of detergency builder (such as sodium potassium tripolyphosphate), and from
about 0.1 %
to about 5% by weight of the composition of a low foaming non-ionic
surfactant.
The compositions of the invention are also characterised by having a low
volatile organic
content, preferably with a volatile organic content less than about 20%,
preferably less
than about 10% and more preferably less than about 5%.
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Suitable thickening agents for use in the solvent compositions and dishwashing
detergent
compositions herein include viscoelastic, thixotropic thickening agents at
levels of from
about 0.1% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.25% to about 5%, most
preferably
from about 0.5% to about 3% by weight. Suitable thickening agents include
polymers
witll a molecular weight from about 500,000 to about 10,000,000, more
preferably from
about 750,000 to about 4,000,000. The preferred cross-linked polycarboxylate
polymer is
preferably a carboxyvinyl polymer. Such compounds are disclosed in U.S. Pat.
No.
2,798,053, issued on Jul. 2, 1957, to Brown. Methods for making carboxyvinyl
polymers
are also disclosed in Brown. Carboxyvinyl polymers are substantially insoluble
in liquid,
volatile organic hydrocarbons and are dimensionally stable on exposure to air.
Preferred polyhydric alcohols used to produce carboxyvinyl polymers include
polyols
selected from the class consisting of oligosaccarides, reduced derivatives
thereof in which
the carbonyl group is converted to an alcohol group, an pentaerythritol; most
preferred is
sucrose or pentaerythritol. It is preferred that the hydroxyl groups of the
modified polyol
be etherified with alkyl groups, the polyol having at least two allyl ether
groups per polyol
molecule. When the polyol is sucrose, it is preferred that the sucrose have at
least about
five allyl ether groups per sucrose molecule. It is preferred that the
polyether of the polyol
comprise from about 0.1% to about 4% of the total monomers, more preferably
from
about 0.2% to about 2.5%.
Preferred monomeric olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acids for use in
producing
carboxyvinyl polymers used herein include monomeric, polymerizable, alpha-beta
monoolefinically unsaturated lower aliphatic carboxylic acids; more preferred
are
monomeric monoolefinic acrylic acids of the structure:
CHCH2=C(R)-COOH
~
where R is a substituent selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and
lower alkyl
groups; most preferred is acrylic acid.
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
Various carboxyvinyl polymers, homopolymers and copolymers are commercially
available from B. F. Goodrich Company, New York, N.Y., under the trade name
Carbopol@. These polymers are also known as carbomers or polyacrylic acids.
Carboxyvinyl polymers useful in formulations of the present invention include
Carbopol
.5 910 having a molecular weight of about 750,000, Carbopol 941 having a
molecular
weight of about 1,250,000, and Carbopols 934 and 940 having molecular weights
of about
3,000,000 and 4,000,000, respectively. More preferred are the series of
Carbopols which
use ethyl acetate and cyclohexane in the manufacturing process, Carbopo1981,
2984, 980,
and 1382.
Preferred polycarboxylate polymers are non-linear, water-dispersible,
polyacrylic acid
cross-linked with a polyalkenyl polyether and having a molecular weight of
from about
750,000 to about 4,000,000.
Highly preferred examples of these polycarboxylate polymers for use in the
present
invention are Sokalan PHC-25 , a polyacrylic acid available from BASF
Corporation, the
Carbopo1600 series resins available from B. F. Goodrich, and more preferred is
Polygel
TM
DK available from 3-V Chemical Corporation. Mixtures of polycarboxylate
polymers as
herein described may also be used in the present invention.
Other suitable thickening agents include inorganic clays (e.g. laponites,
aluminium
silicate, bentonite, fumed silica). The preferred clay thickening agent can be
either
naturally occurring or synthetic. Preferred synthetic clays include the
synthetic smectite-
type clay sold under the trademark Laponite by Southern Clay Products, Inc.
Particularly
useful are gel forming grades such as Laponite RD and sol forming grades such
as
Laponite RDS. Natural occurring clays include some smectite and attapulgite
clays.
Mixtures of clays and polymeric thickeners are also suitable for use herein.
Other types of thickeners which can be used in this composition include
natural gums,
such as xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum, and the like. The cellulosic
type
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
16
TM
thickeners: hydroxyethyl and hydroxymethyl cellulose (ETHOCEL and METHOCEL
available from Dow Chemical) can also be used.
It is a feature of the invention that many of the solvent systems and
compositions of the
invention that are optimum for cleaning also demonstrate innproved
compatibility with
partially hydrolysed PVA pouch materials of known construction and type. This
is
particularly surprising given that many well-known polar/or hydrolysed bonding
solvent
materials (for example the ethanolamines) in themselves have low compatibility
with
PVA materials and present serious issues for product stability. Solvent
systems
comprising mixtures of polar hydrogen bonding solvents (such as the
organoamines) with
a cosolvent selected from polar non-hydrogen bonding, amphiphilic and non-
polar
solvents and mixtures thereof are particularly valuable in this respect. Also
valuable for
improved PVA compatibility are organoamines present in composition in the form
of
amine salt. Also valuable for improved PVA compatibility are solvent systems
and
components based on propanolamines such as 2-amino-2-methyl propanol.
Compositions
suitable for inclusion in pouches will normally comprise a major proportion of
solvent
system components, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably at least
70% by
weight or even higher.
Finally, there is also disclosed the use of an organic solvent system in an
automatic
dishwashing machine to remove cooked-, baked-, or burnt-on food soil from
cookware
and tableware.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention envisages the use of solvent compositions as additives
for
conventional automatic dishwashing detergent compositions. It also envisages
multi-
component dishwashing products containing purpose-designated combination of
solvent
compositions and dishwashing detergent compositions. The invention also
envisages so
called "all-in-one" detergent products having both an alkaline detergent and a
solvent
functionality. In the case of additive and multi-component products, the
invention does
CA 02414133 2002-12-19
WO 02/08375 PCT/US00/34908
17
not require the two compositions to be in the same physical form. The organic
solvent
composition can be in any physical form, e.g. liquid, paste, cream, gel,
powder, granules
or tablets and similarly the automatic dishwashing detergent composition can
be in any of
these forms. Preferably, however, both compositions are in the form of liquids
or gels or
the organic solvent composition is in the form of liquid or gel and the
automatic
dishwashing detergent composition is in the form of powder, granules or
tablet. The
compositions used herein can be dispensed from any suitable device, such as
bottles
(pump assisted bottles, squeeze bottles), paste dispensers, capsules, multi-
compartment
bottles, multi-compartment capsules, pouches, and multi-compartment pouches,
etc.
The solvent compositions herein comprise one or more organic solvents and can
additionally comprises surfactant, bleach, enzyme, enzyme stabilising
components,
thickener, etc.
The organic solvents should be selected so as to be compatible with the
tableware/cookware as well as with the different parts of an automatic
dishwashing
machine. Furthermore, the solvent system should be effective and safe to use
having a
volatile organic content above 1 mm Hg (and preferably above 0.1 mm Hg) of
less than
about 50%, preferably less than about 30%, more preferably less than about 10%
by
weight of the solvent system. Also they should have very mild pleasant odours.
The
individual organic solvents used herein generally have a boiling point above
about 150 C,
flash point above about 100 C and vapor pressure below about 1 mm Hg,
preferably
below 0.1 mm Hg at 25 C and atmospheric pressure.
Solvents that can be used herein include: i) alcohols, such as benzyl alcohol,
1,4-
cyclohexanedimethanol, 2-ethyl-l-hexanol, furfuryl alcohol, 1,2-hexanediol and
other
similar materials; ii) amines, such as alkanolamines (e.g. primary
alkanolamines:
monoethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diethylethanolamine, ethyl
diethanolamine,
beta-aminoalkanols; secondary alkanolamines: diethanolamine,
diisopropanolamine, 2-
(inethylamino)ethanol; ternary alkanolamines: triethanolamine,
triisopropanolamine);
alkylamines (e.g. primary alkylamines: monomethylamine, monoethylamine,
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
18
monopropylamine, monobutylamine, monopentylamine, cyclohexylamine), secondary
alkylamines: (dimethylamine), alkylene, amines (primary alkylene amines:
ethylenediamine, propylenedianiine) and other similar materials; iii) esters,
such as ethyl
lactate, methyl ester, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
acetate,
diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether
acetate and
other similar materials; iv) glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol monobutyl
ether,
diethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene
glycol
monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol
monoethyl ether,
propylene glycol butyl ether, dipropylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene
glycol phenyl ether,
and other similar materials; v) glycols, such as propylene glycol, diethylene
glycol, hexylene
glycol (2-methyl-2, 4 pentanediol), triethylene glycol, composition and
dipropylene glycol and
other similar materials; and mixtures thereof.
Preferred solvents effective in removing cooked-, baked- or burnt-on food soil
to be used
herein comprise alkanolamines, especially monoethanolamine, beta-
aminoalkanols,
especially 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol (since it has the lowest molecular weight
of any
beta-anzinoalkanol which has the amine group attached to a tertiary carbon,
therefore
m1n1mize the reactivity of the amine group) and mixtures thereof.
The detergent and cleaning compositions herein can comprise traditional
detergency
components and can also comprise organic solvents having a cleaning function
and
organic solvents having a carrier or diluent fixnction or some other
specialised function.
The compositions will generally be built and comprise one or more detergent
active
components which may be selected from colorants, bleaching agents,
surfactants,
alkalinity sources, enzymes, thickeners (in the case of liquid, paste, cream
or gel
compositions), anti-corrosion agents (e.g. sodium silicate), hydrotropes (e.g.
sodium
cumene sulfate) and disrupting and binding agents (in the case of powder,
granules or
tablets). Highly preferred detergent components include a builder compound, an
alkalinity source, a surfactant, an enzyme and a bleaching agent.
Unless otherwise specified, the components described hereinbelow can be
incorporated
either in the organic solvent compositions and/or the detergent or cleaning
compositions.
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Surfactant
In the methods of the present invention for use in automatic dishwashing the
detergent
surfactant is preferably low foaming by itself or in combination with other
components
(i.e. suds suppressers). In compositions and methods of the present invention
for use in
hard surface cleaning or pretreatment prior to dishwashing, the detergent
surfactant is
preferably foamable in direct application but low foaming in automatic
dishwashing use.
Surfactants suitable herein include anionic surfactants such as alkyl
sulfates, alkyl ether
sulfates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl glyceryl sulfonates, alkyl and
alkenyl sulphonates,
alkyl ethoxy carboxylates, N-acyl sarcosinates, N-acyl taurates and alkyl
succinates and
sulfosuccinates, wherein the alkyl, alkenyl or acyl moiety is C5-C20,
preferably C10-C18
linear or branched; cationic surfactants such as chlorine esters (US-A-
4228042, US-A-
4239660 and US-A-4260529) and mono C6-C16 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium
surfactants wherein the remaining N positions are substituted by methyl,
hydroxyethyl or
hydroxypropyl groups; low and high cloud point nonionic surfactants and
mixtures
thereof including nonionic alkoxylated surfactants (especially ethoxylates
derived from
C6-C18 primary alcohols), ethoxylated-propoxylated alcohols (e.g., Olin
Corporation's
Poly-Tergent SLF18), epoxy-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohols (e.g., Olin
Corporation's Poly-Tergent SLF18B - see WO-A-94/22800), ether-capped
poly(oxyalkylated) alcohol surfactants, and block polyoxyethylene-
polyoxypropylene
polymeric compounds such as PLURONICO, REVERSED PLURONICO, and
TETRONICO by the BASF-Wyandotte Corp., Wyandotte, Michigan; amphoteric
surfactants such as the C12-C20 alkyl amine oxides (preferred amine oxides for
use herein
include lauryldimethyl amine oxide and hexadecyl dimethyl amine oxide), and
alkyl
amphocarboxylic surfactants such as MiranolTM C2M; and zwitterionic
surfactants such
as the betaines and sultaines; and mixtures thereof. Surfactants suitable
herein are
disclosed, for example, in US-A-3,929,678 , US-A- 4,259,217, EP-A-0414 549, WO-
A-
93/08876 and WO-A-93/08874. Surfactants are typically present at a level of
from about
0.2% to about 30% by weight, more preferably from about 0.5% to about 10% by
weight,
most preferably from about 1% to about 5% by weight of composition. Preferred
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
surfactant for use herein are low foaming and include low cloud point nonionic
surfactants and mixtures of higher foaming surfactants with low cloud point
nonionic
surfactants which act as suds suppresser therefor.
5
Builder
Builders suitable for use herein include water-soluble builders =such as
citrates, carbonates
and polyphosphates e.g. sodiujn tripolyphosphate and sodium tripolyphosphate
hexahydrate, potassium tripolyphosphate and mixed sodium and potassium
10 tripolyphosphate salts; and partially water-soluble or insoluble builders
such as crystalline
layered silicates (EP-A-0164514 and EP-A-0293640) and aluminosilicates
inclusive of
Zeolites A, B, P, X, HS and MAP. The builder is typically present at a level
of from
about 1% to about 80% by weight, preferably from about 10% to about 70% by
weight,
most preferably from about 20% to about 60% by weight of cbmposition.
Amorphous sodium silicates having an Si02:Na20 ratio of from 1.8 to 3.0,
preferably
from 1.8 to 2.4, most preferably 2.0 can also be used herein although highly
preferred
from the viewpoint of long tenn storage stability are compositions containing
less than
about 22%, preferably less than about 15% total (amorphous and crystalline)
silicate.
Enzyme
Enzymes suitable herein include bacterial and fungal cellulases such as
Carezyme and
Celluzyme INovo Nordisk A/S); peroxidases; lipases such as Amano-gM(Amano
Pharmaceutical Co.), Ml LipaseR and LipomaxR (Gist-Brocades) and LipolaseR and
Lipolase U1traR (Novo); cutinases; proteases such as Esperasei ; AlcalaseR,
DurazymR and
SavinaseR (Novo) and MaxataseR, MaxacalR, ProperaseR and MaxapemR (Gist-
Brocades);
and a and R amylases such as Purafect Ox AmR (Genencor) and TermamylR, Bani ;
FungamylR, Duramyli ; and NatalaseR (Novo); and mixtures thereof. Enzymes are
preferably added herein as prills, granulates, or cogranulates at levels
typically in the
range from about 0.0001 % to about 2% pure enzyme by weight of composition.
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WO 02/08375 PCT/US00/34908
21
Bleaching agent
Bleaching agents suitable herein include chlorine and oxygen bleaches,
especially
inorganic perhydrate salts such as sodium perborate mono-and tetrahydrates and
sodium
percarbonate optionally coated to provide controlled rate of release (see, for
example, GB-
A-1466799 on sulfate/carbonate coatings), preformed organic peroxyacids and
mixtures
thereof with organic peroxyacid bleach precursors and/or transition metal-
containing
bleach catalysts (especially manganese or cobalt). Inorganic perhydrate salts
are typically
incorporated at levels in the range from about 1% to about 40% by weight,
preferably
from about 2% to about 30% by weight and more preferably from abut 5% to about
25%
by weight of composition. Peroxyacid bleach precursors preferred for use
herein include
precursors of perbenzoic acid and substituted perbenzoic acid; cationic
peroxyacid
precursors; peracetic acid precursors such as TAED, sodium acetoxybenzene
sulfonate
and pentaacetylglucose; pernonanoic acid precursors such as sodium 3,5,5-
trimethylhexanoyloxybenzene sulfonate (iso-NOBS) and sodium nonanoyloxybenzene
sulfonate (NOBS); amide substituted alkyl peroxyacid precursors (EP-A-
0170386); and
benzoxazin peroxyacid precursors (EP-A-0332294 and EP-A-0482807). Bleach
precursors are typically incorporated at levels in the range from about 0.5%
to about 25%,
preferably from about 1% to about 10% by weight of composition while the
preformed
organic peroxyacids themselves are typically incorporated at levels in the
range from
0.5% to 25% by weight, more preferably from 1% to 10% by weight of
composition.
Bleach catalysts preferred for use herein include the manganese
triazacyclononane and
related complexes (US-A-4246612, US-A-5227084); Co, Cu, Mn and Fe
bispyridylamine
and related complexes (US-A-5114611); and pentamine acetate cobalt(III) and
related
complexes(US-A-4810410).
Low cloud point non-ionic surfactants and suds suppressers
The suds suppressers suitable for use herein include nonionic surfactants
having a low
cloud point. "Cloud point", as used herein, is a well known property of
nonionic
surfactants which is the result of the surfactant becoming less soluble with
increasing
temperature, the temperature at which the appearance of a second phase is
observable is
referred to as the "cloud point" (See Kirk Othmer, pp. 360-362). As used
herein, a "low
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WO 02/08375 PCT/US00/34908
22
cloud point" nonionic surfactant is defined as a nonionic surfactant system
ingredient
having a cloud point of less than 30 C., preferably less than about 20 C.,
and even more
preferably less than about 10 C., and most preferably less than about 7.5 C.
Typical low
cloud point nonionic surfactants include nonionic alkoxylated surfactants,
especially
ethoxylates derived from primary alcohol, and
polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene (PO/EO/PO) reverse block
polymers. Also, such low cloud point nonionic surfactants include, for
example,
ethoxylated-propoxylated alcohol (e.g., Olin Corporation's Poly-Tergent
SLF18) and
epoxy-capped poly(oxyalkylated) alcohols (e.g., Olin Corporation's Poly-
Tergent
SLF18B series of nonionics, as described, for example, in US-A-5,576,281).
Preferred low cloud point surfactants are the ether-capped poly(oxyalkylated)
suds
suppresser having the formula:
R10-(CHa - CH -O)X - (CH2 -CH2 -O~ - (CH2 - CH-O)Z-H
RR3
wherein R' is a linear, alkyl hydrocarbon having an average of from about 7 to
about 12
carbon atoms, R2 is a linear, alkyl hydrocarbon of about 1 to about 4 carbon
atoms, R3 is a
linear, alkyl hydrocarbon of about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is an integer
of about 1 to
about 6, y is an integer of about 4 to about 15, and z is an integer of about
4 to about 25.
Other low cloud point nonionic surfactants are the ether-capped
poly(oxyalkylated)
having the formula:
RIO(RIIO)õCH(CH3)ORIII
wherein, RI is selected from the group consisting of linear or branched,
saturated or
unsaturated, substituted or unsubstituted, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon
radicals
having from about 7 to about 12 carbon atoms; RII may be the same or
different, and is
independently selected from the group consisting of branched or linear C2 to
C7 alkylene
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
23
in any given molecule; n is a number from 1 to about 30; and Rm is selected
from the
group consisting of:
(i) a 4 to 8 membered substituted, or unsubstituted heterocyclic ring
containing
from 1 to 3 hetero atoms; and
(ii) linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, substituted or
unsubstituted,
cyclic or acyclic, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radicals having from
about
1 to about 30 carbon atoms;
(b) provided that when R2 is (ii) then either: (A) at least one of R' is other
than C2
to C3 alkylene; or (B) R2 has from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, and with the farther
proviso that when R2 has from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R is other than Cl to C5
alkyl.
Other suitable components herein include organic polymers having dispersant,
anti-
redeposition, soil release or other detergency properties invention in levels
of from about
0.1% to about 30%, preferably from about 0.5% to about 15%, most preferably
from
about 1% to about 10% by weight of composition. Preferred anti-redeposition
polymers
herein include acrylic acid containing polymers such as Sokalan PA30, PA20,
PA15,
TM TM
PA10 and Sokalan CP10 (BASF GmbH), Acusol 45N, 480N, 460N (Rohm and Haas),
acrylic acid/maleic acid copolymers such as Sokalan CP5 and
acrylic/methacrylic
copolymers. Preferred soil release polymers herein include alkyl and
hydroxyalkyl
celluloses (US-A-4,000,093), polyoxyethylenes, polyoxypropylenes and
copolymers
thereof, and nonionic and anionic polymers based on terephthalate esters of
ethylene
glycol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
Heavy metal sequestrants and crystal growth inhibitors are suitable for use
herein in levels
generally from about 0.005% to about 20%, preferably from about 0.1% to about
10%,
more preferably from about 0.25% to about 7.5% and most preferably from about
0.5% to
about 5% by weight of composition, for example diethylenetriamine penta
(methylene
phosphonate), ethylenedianzine tetra(methylene phosphonate)
hexamethylenediamine
tetra(methylene phosphonate), ethylene diphosphonate, hydroxy-ethylene-1,1-
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
24.
diphosphonate, nitrilotriacetate, ethylened.iaminotetracetate, ethylenediamine-
N,N'-
disuccinate in their salt and free acid forms.
The compositions herein can contain a corrosion inhibitor such as organic
silver coating
agents in levels of from about 0.05% to about 10%, preferably from about 0.1%
to about
TM
5% by weight of composition (especially paraffins such as Winog 70 sold by
Wintershall,
Salzbergen, Germany), nitrogen-containing corrosion inhibitor compounds (for
exarnple
benzotriazole and benzimadazole - see GB-A-1137741) and Mn(II) compounds,
particularly 1VIn(II) salts of organic ligands in levels of from about 0.005%
to about 5%,
1 o preferably from about 0.01% to about 1%, more preferably from about 0.02%
to about
0.4% by weight of the composition.
Other suitable components herein include colorants, water-soluble bismuth
compounds
such as bismuth acetate and bismuth citrate at levels of from about 0.01% to
about 5%,
enzyme stabilizers such as calcium ion, boric acid, propylene glycol and
chlorine bleach
scavengers at levels of from about 0.01% to about 6%, lime soap dispersants
(see WO-A-
93/08877), suds suppressors (see WO-93/08876 and EP-A-0705324), polymeric dye
transfer inhibiting agents, optical brighteners, perfumes, fillers and clay.
Liquid detergent compositions can contain water and other volatile solvents as
carriers.
Low quantities of low molecular weight primary or secondary alcohols such as
methanol,
ethanol, propanol and isopropanol can be used in the liquid detergent of the
present
invention. Other suitable carrier solvents used in low quantities includes
glycerol,
propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, sorbitol and mixtures
thereof.
Examnles
Abbreviations used in Examples
In the examples, the abbreviated component identifications have the following
meanings:
Carbonate . Anhydrous sodium carbonate
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
STPP . Sodium tripolyphosphate
SKTP . Sodium potassium tripolyphosphate
Silicate 3.2 . Amorphous Sodium Silicate (Si02:Na20 ratio = 3:2)
Silicate . Amorphous Sodium Silicate (Si02:Na20 ratio = 2.0)
SKS-6 . Crystalline layered silicate of formula 5-Na2Si2O5
KOH . Potassium hydroxide
H2SO4 . Sulphuric acid
HEDP . Ethane 1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid
PB1 . Sodium perborate monohydrate average particle size
770 pm
PBl-50 . Sodium perbora.te monohydrate average particle size 50
Nm
Termamyl . a-amylase available from Novo Nordisk A/S
FN3 . protease available from Genencor
Savinase . protease available from Novo Nordisk A/S
LF404 low foaming surfactant available from Olin Corporation
SLF18 . low foaming surfactant available from Olin Corporation
ACNI . alkyl capped non-ionic surfactant of formula C9i11 H19r23
E08-cyclohexyl acetal
C16A0 . hexadecyl dimethyl amine oxide
PA30 . Polyacrylate homo-polymer of molecular weight
approxiunately 8,000 available from BASF
ProxefGXL . preservative(1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one) available from
Zeneca, Inc
Polygel premix . 5% active Polygel DKP in water available from 3V Inc.
CaC12 . Calcium chlorine
CHDM . Cyclohexane dimethanol
BTA . Benzotriazole
Winog . Paraffn oil sold by Wintershall.
CA 02414133 2006-04-12
26
TM
Vivapur . Microcrystalline cellulose of average particle size 0.18
mm
Triacetate . Sodium acetate trihydrate
Duramyl . a-amylase available from Novo Nordisk A/S
Citrate . Tripotassium citrate monohydrate
Citric Acid . Anhydrous Citric acid
Bicarbonate . Sodium hydrogen carbonate
PEG 400 . Polyethylene Glycol molecular weight approximately
400 available from Hoechst
PEG 4000 . Polyethylene Glycol molecular weight approximately
4000 available from Hoechst
PVPVI . Polyvinylpyrrolidone vinylimidazole copolymer
molecular weight approximately 15,000 available from
BASF
MEA . Monoethanolamine
MAE . 2-(methylamino)ethanol
SF1488 . Polydimethylsiloxane copolymer
TM
Dowanol PNB . Propylene glycol butyl ether
TM
Silwet L7600 . Siloxane surfactant available from Witco
In the following examples all levels are quoted as parts by weight.
Examples 1 to 5
A combination of solvent compositions and automatic dishwashing detergents are
used to
wash a load of tableware and cookware having cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on
food
soils. The load comprises different soils and different substrates: lasagne
baked for 2
hours at 140 C on Pyrex, lasagne cooked for 2 hours at 150 C on stainless
steel, potato
and cheese cooked for 2 hours at 150 C on stainless steel, egg yolk cooked for
2 hours at
150 C on stainless steel and sausage cooked for 1 hour at 120 C followed by 1
hour at
180 C. The load is washed in a 5 litre liquor capacity Bosch 6032 dishwashing
machine,
at 55 C without prewash, using the compositions given in Examples 1 to 5.
Examples 1
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WO 02/08375 PCT/US00/34908
27
to 5 illustrate the use of a combination of a two-phase automatic dishwashing
detergent
tablet and an organic solvent composition added separately to the main-wash
cycle of the
dishwashing machine. The two-component compositions of examples 1 to 5
provided
excellent removal of cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on food soils.
Example 1 2 3 4 5
Dishwashing detergent
composition
Phase 1
Carbonate 3.5 3.4 5.030 3.375 5.063
STPP 10.1 10.1 9.49 9.85 8.73
Silicate 1.1 1.0 1.58 1.61 1.548
SKS-6 1.5 1.4 2.16 1.425 2.138
HEDP 0.18 0.18 0.27 0.18 0.27
PB1 2.45 2.45 3.53 2.4 3.6
Termamyl 0.11 0.11 0.16 0.11 0.165
FN3 0.15
Savinase 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.18
LF404 0.60 0.60 0.86
SLF18 0.60 0.90
C16 Ap 0.16 0.24
PA30 0.1 0.1 0.15
CHDM 0.02 0.03
BTA 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.045 0.068
PEG 4000 0.26 0.26 0.44
Winog 0.1 0.07 0.09 0.065 0.098
Vivapur 0.48 0.32 0.48
Triacetate 0.72
Perfume 0.02 0.02 0.01
Total 20.lg 19.84g 25.23g 21.05g 24.663g
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WO 02/08375 PCT/US00/34908
28
Phase 2
FN3 0.29 0.499 0.29 0.499 0.499
Termamyl 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29
Citric acid 0.23 0.1 0.23 0.1 0.1
Bicarbonate 0.62 0.289 0.62 0.289 0.289
PEG 400 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01'
PEG 4000 0.07 0.2 0.07 0.2 0.2
PVPVI 0.095 0.095 0.095
Citrate 0.2 0.2 0.2
Total 1.52g 1.683g 1.52g 1.683g 1.683g
Organic solvent
com osition
MEA 10 4 5 5
MAE 10 4 5
SF1488 4 5
Total 10 ml 10 ml 12 ml 10 ml 10 ml
Examples 1 to 5 were repeated using the same automatic dishwashing detergent
compositions but using an organic solvent composition comprising 10 ml of 2-
amino-2-
methyl-l-propanol and 2m1 of Silwet L7600. The compositions provided excellent
removal of cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on food soils.
Examples 6 to 10
Examples 6 to 10 illustrate the use of a combination of an automatic
dishwashing liquid
detergent and an organic solvent composition for removing cooked-, baked- and
burnt-on
soils. The two-component compositions of examples 6 to 10 are used to wash a
load of
cookware and tableware according to the procedure described hereinabove
(Examples 1 to
5). 30 ml of the dishwashing detergent and the 10 ml of the solvent
composition are
separately delivered to the main-wash cycle of a 5 litre liquor capacity Bosch
6032
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29
dishwashing machine, at 55 C without prewash. The compositions of examples 6
to 10
provide excellent removal of cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on food soils.
Example 6 7 8 9 10
Dishwashing detergent
composition
KOH 14.31 14.31 14.31 11.45 4.67
H2SO4 11.26 11.26 11.26 9.00
STPP 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00
SKTP 30.00
1,2-Propanediol 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.5 6.00
Boric acid 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.0 4.00
Polygel premix 24.40 24.40 24.40 24.00 24.40
PVPVI 0.02
SLF18 1.0 1.0 1.00
C16 AO 0.6 0.6 2.00 2.00
ACNI 0.3 0.3 3.00
CaC12 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.37 0.37
Na benzoate 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61
Proxel GXL 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
FN3 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.90
Duramyl 0.27 0.27 0.27
Termamyl 0.3 0.17 0.26
Perfume 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Dye 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.24 0.64
Water to 100
Organic solvent
composition
MEA 100 33 50 50
NIAE 100 33 50
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SF1488 34 50
Examples 6 to 10 were repeated using the same automatic dishwashing detergent
compositions but using an organic solvent composition comprising 10 ml of 2-
amino-2-
methyl-l-propanol and 2m1 of Silwet L7600. The compositions provided excellent
5 removal of cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on food soils.
Examples 11 to 15
Examples 11 to 15 further illustrate the use of a combination of an automatic
dishwashing
10 liquid detergent and an organic solvent composition for removing cooked-,
baked- and
burnt-on soils. The two-component compositions of examples 11 to 15 are used
to wash a
load of cookware and tableware according to the procedure described
hereinabove
(Examples 1 to 5). The automatic dishwashing liquid detergent and the organic
solvent
composition are delivered in separate compartments of a unit dose (30 ml of
the
15 dishwashing detergent and the 10 ml of the solvent composition) partially
hydrolysed
PVA water-soluble pouch. The pouch is delivered to the main-wash cycle of a
Bosch
6032 dishwashing machine, at 55 C without prewash. The two-component
compositions
of examples 11 to 15 provide excellent removal of cooked-on, baked-on and
burnt-on
food soils. At the same time, they provide excellent compatibility with the
PVA pouch
20 material.
Example 11 12 13 14 15
Dishwashing detergent
composition
KOH 14.31 14.31 14.31 11.45 4.67
H2SO4 11.26 11.26 11.26 9.00
STPP 16.00 16.00 16.00 20.00
SKTP 30.00
1,2-Propanediol 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.5 6.00
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Boric acid 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.0 4.00
Polygel premix 24.40 24.40 24.40 24.00 24.40
PVPVI 0.02
SLF18 1.0 1.0 1.00
C16 AO 0.6 0.6 2.00 2.00
ACNI 0.3 0.3 3.00
CaC12 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.37 0.37
Na benzoate 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61 0.61
Proxel GXL 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
FN3 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.90
Duramyl 0.27 0.27 0.27
Termamyl 0.3 0.17 0.26
Perfume 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1
Dye 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.24 0.64
Water to 100
Organic solvent
composition
MEA 50 20 30 30
MAE 50 20 30
Benzyl alcohol 50 50 40 40 30
SF1488 20 40
Examples 1 to 5 were repeated using the same automatic dishwashing detergent
compositions but using an organic solvent composition comprising 10 ml of 2-
amino-2-
methyl-l-propanol and 2m1 of Silwet L7600. The compositions provided excellent
removal of cooked-on, baked-on and burnt-on food soils.
Examples 16 to 19
Examples 16 to 19 illustrate the use of a combination of an automatic
dishwashing liquid
detergent and an organic solvent composition for removing cooked-, baked- and
burnt-on
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32
soils. The two-component compositions are stored in a dual-compartment bottle
having an
electrically operated pump and delivered at a feed ratio (dishwashing liquid
detergent:
organic solvent composition) of 3:1. The compositions of examples 16 to 19 are
used to
wash a dishware load according to the procedure described hereinabove
(Examples 1 to
5). 30 ml of the dishwashing detergent and 10 ml of the solvent composition
are
separately delivered from the dual-compartment bottle to the main-wash cycle
of a Bosch
6032 dishwashing machine, at 55 C without prewash. The two-component
compositions
of examples 16 to 19 provide excellent removal of cooked-on, baked-on and
burnt-on
food soils. The above examples 16 to 19 were repeated using a dishwashing
liquid
detergent: organic solvent composition ratio of 4:1 with similar results.
Example 16 17 18 19
Dishwashing detergent
composition
STPP 28.00 28.00 28.00 28.00
KOH 5.30 5.30 5.30 5.30
Silicate 3.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Polygel DKP 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55
SLF18 1.25 1.25
C16 AO 0.40 0.40
ACTTI 3.00 3.00
Water to 100
Organic solvent
composition
MEA 74.00 37.00 37.00
MAE 74.00 37.00 37.00
PB1-50 18.5 18.5 18.5 18.5
FN3 2.60 2.60 2.60 2.60
Termamyl 3.34 3.34 3.34 3.34
Thickener 1.56 1.56 1.56 1.56
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Examples 20 to 24
Examples 20 to 24 illustrate "all-in-one" solvent-containing automatic
dishwashing
detergent compositions. The compositions of examples 20 to 24 are used to wash
a
dishware load following the procedure described hereinabove (Examples 1 to 5).
40 ml of
the dishwashing composition are delivered to the main-wash cycle of a Bosch
6032
dishwashing machine, at 55 C without prewash. The "all-in-one" compositions of
examples 20 to 24 provide excellent removal of baked-on soils.
Example 20 21 22 23 24
Dishwashing detergent
solvent composition
KOH 4.60 5.65 2.10 1.47 1.05
H2SO4 3.94 3.94
MEA 4.00 4.00 8.00
STPP 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00
SKTP 30.00
1,2-Propanediol 0.5 0.5 6.00 5.5 5.5
Boric acid 3.00 3.00 4.00 3.4 3.4
Polygel premix 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.18
SLF18 1.0 1.0
ACNI 3.0 2.1 2.1
C16 AO 0.40 0.308 0.308
CaC12 0.2 0.2 0.22 0.2 0.2
Na benzoate 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Proxel GXL 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.01
FN3 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.76 0.76
Duramyl 0.27
Termamyl 0.17 0.26 0.23 0.23
Perfume 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
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Dye 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024
Water to 100
