Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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GREASE CUTTING LIGHT DUTY LIQUID DETERGENT
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to novel light duty liquid detergent
compositions
with high foaming and good grease cutting properties.
Backaround of the Invention
The prior art is replete with light duty liquid detergent compositions
containing
nonionic surfactants in combination with anionic andlor betaine surfactants
wherein the
nonionic detergent is not the major active surfactant. In U.S. Patent No.
3,658,985 an
anionic based shampoo contains a minor amount of a fatty acid alkanolamide.
U.S.
Patent No. 3,769,398 discloses a betaine-based shampoo containing minor
amounts of
nonionic surfactants. This patent states that the low foaming properties of
nonionic
detergents renders its use in shampoo compositions non-preferred. U.S. Patent
No.
4,329,335 also discloses a shampoo containing a betaine surfactant as the
major
ingredient and minor amounts of a nonionic surfactant and of a fatty acid mono-
or di-
ethanolamide. U.S. Patent No. 4,259,204 discloses a shampoo comprising 0.8 to
20%
by weight of an anionic phosphoric acid ester and one additional surfactant
which may
be either anionic, amphoteric, or nonionic. U.S. Patent No. 4,329,334
discloses an
anionic-amphoteric based shampoo containing a major amount of anionic
surfactant
and lesser amounts of a betaine and nonionic surfactants.
U.S. Patent No. 3,935,129 discloses a liquid cleaning composition containing
an
alkali metal silicate, urea, glycerin, triethanolamine, an anionic detergent
and a nonionic
detergent. The silicate content determines the amount of anionic andlor
nonionic
detergent in the liquid cleaning composition. However, the foaming properties
of these
detergent compositions are not discussed therein.
U.S. Patent No. 4,129,515 discloses a heavy duty liquid detergent for
laundering
fabrics comprising a mixture of substantially equal amounts of anionic and
nonionic
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surfactants, alkanolamines and magnesium salts, and, optionally, zwitterionic
surfactants as suds modifiers.
U.S. Patent No. 4,224,195 discloses an aqueous detergent composition for
laundering socks or stockings comprising a specific group of nonionic
detergents,
namely, an ethylene oxide of a secondary alcohol, a specific group of anionic
detergents, namely, a sulfuric ester salt of an ethylene oxide adduct of a
secondary
alcohol, and an amphoteric surfactant which may be a betaine, wherein either
the
anionic or nonionic surfactant may be the major ingredient.
The prior art also discloses detergent compositions containing all nonionic
surfactants as shown in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,154,706 and 4,329,336 wherein the
shampoo compositions contain a plurality of particular nonionic surfactants in
order to
affect desirable foaming and detersive properties despite the fact that
nonionic
surfactants are usually deficient in such properties.
U.S. Patent No. 4,013,737 discloses a piperazine based polymer in conditioning
and shampoo compositions which may contain all nonionic surfactant or all
anionic
surfactant.
U.S. Patent No. 4,450,091 discloses high viscosity shampoo compositions
containing a blend of an amphoteric betaine surfactant, a
polyoxybutylenepolyoxyethylene nonionic detergent, an anionic surfactant, a
fatty acid
alkanolamide and a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty ester. But, none of the
exemplified
compositions contain an active ingredient mixture wherein the nonionic
detergent is
present in major proportion which is probably due to the low foaming
properties of the
polyoxybutylene polyoxyethylene nonionic detergent.
U.S. Patent No. 4,595,526 describes a composition comprising a nonionic
surfactant, a betaine surfactant, an anionic surfactant and a C12-C14 fatty
acid
monoethanolamide foam stabilizer.
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Summary of the Invention
It has now been found that a high foaming liquid detergent properties can be
formulated with a paraffin sulfonate, an alpha olefin sulfonate, an amine
oxide, lauryol
ethylene diaminetriacetate and water.
The present invention also relates to a formula containing an alkyl
polyglucoside
surfactant, an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate surfactant, at least one linear
alkyl
benzene sulfonate surfactant, an inorganic magnesium salt, optionally,
optionally,
triclosan, a fatty acid monoalkanol amide, lauryol ethylene diamine triacetate
and
water.
Accordingly, one object of this invention is to provide novel, high foaming,
light
duty liquid detergent compositions containing an alpha olefin sulfonate
surfactant and
lauryol ethylene diamine triacetate which has both good grease cutting and
excellent
disinfecting properties on hard surfaces.
To achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the purpose
of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein the novel,
high
foaming, light duty liquid detergent of this invention comprises an alpha
olefin sulfonate,
a paraffin sulfonate, an amine oxide, lauryol ethylene diamine triacetate and
water,
wherein the composition does not contain an alkali metal salt of ethylene
diamine
tetraacetic acid or hydroxy ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, a glycol ether
solvent, a
mono- or di-saccharides, a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty acid, a builder, a
polymeric
thickener, a clay, a fatty acid alkanolamide, abrasive, silicas, alkaline
earth metal
carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant or cyclic imidinium surfactant.
To also achieve the foregoing and other objects and in accordance with the
purpose of the present invention, as embodied and broadly described herein the
novel,
high foaming, light duty liquid detergent of this invention comprises a linear
alkyl
benzene sulfonate, an ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfate, an alkyl polyglucoside,
an
inorganic magnesium compound, lauryol ethylene diamine triacetate and water,
wherein the composition does not contain an alkali metal salt of ethylene
diamine
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tetraacetic acid or hydroxy ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid, a glycol ether
solvent, a
mono- or di-saccharides, a polyoxyalkylene glycol fatty acid, a builder, a
polymeric
thickener, a clay, a fatty acid alkanolamide, abrasive, silicas, alkaline
earth metal
carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant or cyclic imidinium surfactant.
Detailed Description of the Invention
The present invention relates to a light duty liquid detergent which comprises
approximately by weight:
(a) 10% to 30% of an alpha olefin sulfonate surfactant;
(b) 4% to 16% of a paraffin sulfonate surfactant;
(c) 4% to 12% of an amine oxide;
(d) 0.5% to 10% more preferably 0.75% to 8% of lauryol ethylene diamine
triacetate; and
(e) the balance being water wherein the composition does not contain a
glycol ether solvent, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, a polyoxyalkylene
glycol fatty
acid, a mono- or di-saccharides, a builder, a polymeric thickener, a clay,
ethylene
diamine tetraacetic acid, alkali metal salt, hydroxyethylene diamine tetra
acetic acid,
abrasive, silicas, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant
or cyclic
imidinium surfactant.
The present invention also relates to a light duty liquid cleaning composition
which comprises approximately by weight:
(a) 4% to 16%, more preferably 5% to 14% of at least one linear alkyl
benzene sulfonate surfactant;
(b) 1 % to 20%, more preferably 3% to 18% of an ethoxylated alkyl ether
sulfate surfactant;
(c) 0.1 % to 6%, more preferably 0.5% to 5% of an alkyl polyglucoside
surfactant;
(d) 0.1 % to 2.5% of an inorganic magnesium salt;
(e) 0 to 8%, more preferably 0.1 % to 6% of a solubilizing agent;
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(f) 0 to 1 %, more preferably 0.1 % to 1 % of triclosan which is 2,4,4'-
trichloro-
2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether;
(g) 0.25% to 6%, more preferably 0.5% to 4% of a C12-C14 fatty acid
monoalkanol amide;
(h) 0.5% to 10%, more preferably 0.75% to 8% of lauryol ethylene diamine
triacetate; and
(i) the balance being water wherein the composition does not contain a
glycol ether solvent, an ethoxylated nonionic surfactant, a polyoxyalkylene
glycol fatty
acid, a mono- or di-saccharides, a builder, a polymeric thickener, a clay, an
alkali metal
salt of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, hydroxyethylene diamine tetra
acetic acid,
abrasive, silicas, alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkyl glycine surfactant
or cyclic
imidinium surfactant.
The C10-C20 paraffin sulfonates used in one of the instant formulas is a
monosulfonates or di-sulfonates and usually are mixtures thereof, obtained by
sulfonating paraffins of 10 to 20 carbon atoms. Preferred paraffin sulfonates
are those
of C12-18 carbon atoms chains, and more preferably they are of C14-17 chains.
Paraffin sulfonates that have the sulfonate groups) distributed along the
paraffin chain
are described in U.S. Patents 2,503,280; 2,507,088; 3,260,744 and 3,372,188
and also
in German Patent 735,096. Such compounds may be made to specifications and
desirably the content of paraffin sulfonates outside the C14-17 range will be
minor and
will be minimized, as will be any contents of di- or poly-sulfonates.
One of the formulas of the present invention also contains 10 wt. % to 30 wt.
%,
more preferably 15 wt. % to 25 wt. % of an alpha olefin sulfonates, including
long-chain
alkene sulfonates, long-chain hydroxyalkane sulfonates or mixtures of alkene
sulfonates and hydroxyalkane sulfonates. These alpha olefin sulfonate
surfactants
may be prepared in a known manner by the reaction of sulfur trioxide (S03)
with long-
chain olefins containing 8 to 25, preferably 12 to 21 carbon atoms and having
the
formula RCH=CHR1 where R is a higher alkyl group of 6 to 23 carbons and R1 is
an
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alkyl group of 1 to 17 carbons or hydrogen to form a mixture of sultones and
alkene
sulfonic acids which is then treated to convert the sultones to sulfonates.
Preferred
alpha olefin sulfonates contain from 14 to 16 carbon atoms in the R alkyl
group and are
obtained by sulfonating an a-olefin.
The well known higher alkyl mononuclear aromatic sulfonates such as the higher
linear alkyl benzene sulfonates contain from 10 to 16 carbon atoms in the
higher alkyl
group in a straight or branched chain, Cg-C15 alkyl toluene sulfonates and Cg-
C15
alkyl phenol sulfonates are used in one of the instant formulas.
A preferred sulonate is linear alkyl benzene sulfonate having a high content
of 3-
(or higher) phenyl isomers and a correspondingly low content (well below 50%)
of 2- (or
lower) phenyl isomers, that is, wherein the benzene ring is preferably
attached in large
part at the 3 or higher (for example, 4, 5, 6 or 7) position of the alkyl
group and the
content of the isomers in which the benzene ring is attached in the 2 or 1
position is
correspondingly low. Particularly preferred materials sodium or magnesium
salts of a
C10-C16 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate.
Examples of satisfactory anionic sulfate surfactants are the Cg-C1g alkyl
sulfate
salts and the ethoxylated Cg-C1 g alkyl ether sulfate salts having the formula
R(OC2H4)n OSOgM wherein n is 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 5, and M is a metal
cation
selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium
and
mono-, di- and triethanol ammonium ions. The alkyl sulfates may be obtained by
sulfating the alcohols obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or
tallow or
mixtures thereof and neutralizing the resultant product.
On the other hand, the ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates are obtained by
sulfating
the condensation product of ethylene oxide with a Cg-C1 g alkanol and
neutralizing the
resultant product. The alkyl sulfates may be obtained by sulfating the
alcohols
obtained by reducing glycerides of coconut oil or tallow or mixtures thereof
and
neutralizing the resultant product. The ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates
differ from one
another in the number of moles of ethylene oxide reacted with one mole of
alkanol.
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Preferred alkyl sulfates and preferred ethoxylated alkyl ether sulfates
contain 10 to 16
carbon atoms in the alkyl group.
The ethoxylated Cg-C12 alkylphenyl ether sulfates containing from 2 to 6 moles
of ethylene oxide in the molecule also are suitable for use in the inventive
compositions. These surfactants can be prepared by reacting an alkyl phenol
with 2 to
6 moles of ethylene oxide and sulfating and neutralizing the resultant
ethoxylated
alkylphenol.
The alkyl polysaccharides surfactants, which are used in conjunction with the
aforementioned surfactant have a hydrophobic group containing from about 8 to
about
20 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms, most
preferably
from about 12 to about 14 carbon atoms, and polysaccharide hydrophilic group
containing from about 1.5 to about 10, preferably from about 1.5 to about 4,
most
preferably from about 1.6 to about 2.7 saccharide units (e.g., galactoside,
glucoside,
fructoside, glucosyl, fructosyl; and/or galactosyl units). Mixtures of
saccharide moieties
may be used in the alkyl polysaccharide surfactants. The number x indicates
the
number of saccharide units in a particular alkyl polysaccharide surfactant.
For a
particular alkyl polysaccharide molecule x can only assume integral values. In
any
physical sample of alkyl polysaccharide surfactants there will be in general
molecules
having different x values. The physical sample can be characterized by the
average
value of x and this average value can assume non-integral values. In this
specification
the values of x are to be understood to be average values. The hydrophobic
group (R)
can be attached at the 2-, 3-, or 4- positions rather than at the 1-position,
(thus giving
e.g. a glucosyl or galactosyl as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside).
However,
attachment through the 1- position, i.e., glucosides, galactoside,
fructosides, efic., is
preferred. In the preferred product the additional saccharide units are
predominately
attached to the previous saccharide unit's 2-position. Attachment through the
3-, 4-,
and 6- positions can also occur. Optionally and less desirably there can be a
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polyalkoxide chain joining the hydrophobic moiety (R) and the polysaccharide
chain.
The preferred alkoxide moiety is ethoxide.
Typical hydrophobic groups include alkyl groups, either saturated or
unsaturated, branched or unbranched containing from about 8 to about 20,
preferably
from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms. Preferably, the alkyl group is a
straight chain
saturated alkyl group. The alkyl group can contain up to 3 hydroxy groups
and/or the
polyalkoxide chain can contain up to about 30, preferably less than about 10,
alkoxide
moieties.
Suitable alkyl polysaccharides are decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl,
hexadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides,
galactosides,
lactosides, fructosides, fructosyls, lactosyls, glucosyls and/or galactosyls
and mixtures
thereof.
The alkyl monosaccharides are relatively less soluble in water than the higher
alkyl polysaccharides. When used in admixture with alkyl polysaccharides, the
alkyl
monosaccharides are solubilized to some extent. The use of alkyl
monosaccharides in
admixture with alkyl polysaccharides is a preferred mode of carrying out the
invention.
Suitable mixtures include coconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and
pentaglucosides and tallow
alkyl tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.
The preferred alkyl polysaccharides are alkyl polyglucosides having the
formula
R20(CnH2n0)r(Z)x
wherein Z is derived from glucose, R is a hydrophobic group selected from the
group
consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in
which said
alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to
about 14
carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3 preferably 2, r is from 0 to 10, preferable 0; and x
is from 1.5
to 8, preferably from 1.5 to 4, most preferably from 1.6 to 2.7. To prepare
these
compounds a long chain alcohol (R20H) can be reacted with glucose, in the
presence
of an acid catalyst to form the desired glucoside. Alternatively the alkyl
polyglucosides
can be prepared by a two step procedure in which a short chain alcohol (R1 OH)
can be
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reacted with glucose, in the presence of an acid catalyst to form the desired
glucoside.
Alternatively the alkyl polyglucosides can be prepared by a two step procedure
in which
a short chain alcohol (C1 _g) is reacted with glucose or a polyglucoside (x=2
to 4) to
yield a short chain alkyl glucoside (x=1 to 4) which can in turn be reacted
with a longer
chain alcohol (R20H) to displace the short chain alcohol and obtain the
desired alkyl
polyglucoside. It this two step procedure is used, the short chain
alkylglucosde content
of the final alkyl polyglucoside material should be less than 50%, preferably
less than
10%, more preferably less than about 5%, most preferably 0% of the alkyl
polyglucoside.
The amount of unreacted alcohol (the free fatty alcohol content) in the
desired
alkyl polysaccharide surfactant is preferably less than about 2%, more
preferably less
than about 0.5% by weight of the total of the alkyl polysaccharide. For some
uses it is
desirable to have the alkyl monosaccharide content less than about 10%.
The used herein, "alkyl polysaccharide surfactant" is intended to represent
both
the preferred glucose and galactose derived surfactants and the less preferred
alkyl
polysaccharide surfactants. Throughout this specification, "alkyl
polygiucoside" is used
to include alkyl polyglycosides because the stereochemistry of the saccharide
moiety is
changed during the preparation reaction.
An especially preferred APG glycoside surfactant is APG 625 glycoside
manufactured by the Henkel Corporation of Ambler, PA. APG25 is a nonionic
alkyl
polyglycoside characterized by the formula:
CnH2n+10(C6H 10~5)xH
wherein n=10 (2%); n=122 (65%); n=14 (21-28%); n=16 (4-8%) and n=18 (0.5%) and
x
(degree of polymerization) = 1.6. APG 625 has: a pH of 6 to 10 (10% of APG 625
in
distilled water); a specific gravity at 25°C of 1.1 g/ml; a density at
25°C of 9.1 Ibs/gallon;
a calculated HLB of 12.1 and a Brookfield viscosity at 35°C, 21
spindle, 5-10 RPM of
3,000 to 7,000 cps.
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Amine oxide semi-polar nonionic surfactants used in one of the instant
compositions comprise at a concentration of 4 wt. % to 12 wt. %, more
preferably 6 wt.
to 10 wt. % compounds and mixtures of compounds having the formula
~2
R1 ~C2H40)n ~y-~' 0
R3
wherein R1 is an alkyl, 2-hydroxyalkyl, 3-hydroxyalkyl, or 3-alkoxy-2-
hydroxypropyl
radical in which the alkyl and alkoxy, respectively, contain from 8 to 18
carbon atoms,
R2 and R3 are each methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-
hydroxypropyl,
or 3-hydroxypropyl, and n is from 0 to 10. Particularly preferred are amine
oxides of
the formula:
~2
R1 _ ~ -~0
R3
wherein R1 is a C12-16 alkyl, or cocoamidopropyl group and R2 and R3 are
methyl or
ethyl. The above ethylene oxide condensates, amides, and amine oxides are more
fully
described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,316,824 which is hereby incorporated herein by
reference.
Preferred amine oxides are lauryol amine oxide and cocoamido propyl amine
oxide.
The concentration of the amine oxide in the instant compositions is 3 to 12
wt. %, more
preferably 4 to 10 wt. %.
The instant compositions can contain a solubilizing agent at a concentration
of 0
to 15 wt. %, more preferably 0.25 wt. % to 8 wt. %. The solubilzing agent is
selected
from the group consisting of C1-Cq. alkanols such as ethanols, alkylene
glycols such as
hexylene glycol, alkali metal halides such as sodium chloride and sodium salts
of C1-
C3 alkyl substituted benzene sulfonates such as cumene sulfonate or xylene
sulfonate
and mixtures thereof. The composition can also contain 0.1 wt. % to 4 wt. % of
urea.
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The composition can also contain an inorganic or organic salt of oxide or
sulfate
of a multivalent metal cation, particularly Mg++. The metal salt or oxide
provides
several benefits including improved cleaning performance in dilute usage,
particularly in
soft water areas, and minimized amounts of perfume required to obtain the
microemulsion state. Magnesium sulfate, either anhydrous or hydrated (e.g.
heptahydrate) is especially preferred as the magnesium salt. Good results also
have
been obtained with magnesium oxide, magnesium chloride, magnesium acetate,
magnesium propionate and magnesium hydroxide. These magnesium salts can be
used with formulations at neutral or acidic pH since magnesium hydroxide will
not
precipitate at these pH levels.
The water is present at a concentration of 50 wt. % to 90 wt. %.
In addition to the previously mentioned essential and optional constituents of
the
light duty liquid detergent, one may also employ normal and conventional
adjuvants,
provided they do not adversely affect the properties of the detergent. Thus,
there may
be used various proton donating agents such as coloring agents and perfumes;
polyethylene glycol, ultraviolet light absorbers such as the Uvinuls, which
are products
of GAF Corporation; sequestering agents such as ethylene diamine
tetraacetates;
magnesium chloride hexahydrate; pH modifiers; etc. The proportion of such
adjuvant
materials, in total will normally not exceed 15% by weight of the detergent
composition,
and the percentages of most of such individual components will be a maximum of
5%
by weight and preferably less than 2% by weight. Sodium formate or formalin or
Quaternium15 (Dowcil75) can be included in the formula as a preservative at a
concentration of 0.1 to 4.0 wt. %.
The present light duty liquid detergents such as dishwashing liquids are
readily
made by simple mixing methods from readily available components which, on
storage,
do not adversely affect the entire composition. Solubilizing agent such as
ethanol,
hexylene glycol, sodium chloride and/or sodium xylene or sodium xylene
sulfonate are
used to assist in solubilizing the surfactants. The viscosity of the light
duty liquid
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composition desirably will be at least 100 centipoises (cps) at room
temperature, but
may be up to 1,000 centipoises as measured with a Brookfield Viscometer using
a
number 21 spindle rotating at 20 rpm. The viscosity of the light duty liquid
composition
may approximate those of commercially acceptable light duty liquid
compositions now
on the market. The viscosity of the light duty liquid composition and the
light duty liquid
composition itself remain stable on storage for lengthy periods of time,
without color
changes or settling out of any insoluble materials. The pH of the composition
is about
3 to 8Ø The pH of the composition can be adjusted by the addition of Na20
(caustic
soda) to the composition.
The following examples illustrate liquid cleaning compositions of the
described
invention. Unless otherwise specified, all percentages are by weight. The
exemplified
compositions are illustrative only and do no limit the scope of the invention.
Unless
otherwise specified, the proportions in the examples and elsewhere in the
specification
are by weight.
Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Example 1
The following formulas were prepared at room temperature by simple liquid
mixing procedures as previously described
A B C D E
Na AI ha olefin sulfonate 20.8724.0020.8716.9116.91
Na Paraffin sulfonate 10.4312.0010.437.24 7.24
C12 amido ro Idimeth lamine 8.70 10.008.70
oxide
C12-C14 amido ro Idimeth lamine 8.85 8.85
oxide
Na LED3A 6.00 2.00
otal % actives 40.0046.0046.0033.0035.00
150 m water hardness
Foam vol. without soil ml 387 407 422 410 410
Foam vol. with soil ml 195 207 212 243 255
300 m water hardness
Foam vol. without soil ml 382 388 415 375 413
(Foam vol. with soil (ml) 180 187 207 212 243
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Example 2
The following formulas were prepared at room temperature by simple liquid
mixing procedures as previously described
A B C D
Ma nesium linear alk I sulfonate6.30 6.30 8.10 8.10
Sodium linear alk I sulfonate 4.50 4.50
mmonium alk I ethox sulfate 15.0015.005.40 5.40
Ik I of lucose 1.50 1.50 1.20 1.20
Lau I/m ristal monoethanol 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
amide
Na LED3A 1.50 1.50
Icohol 4.70 4.70 1.80 1.80
Ma nesium sulfate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
Sodium x lene sulfonate 0.60 0.60 2.60 2.60
riclosan 0.10 0.10
HEDTA 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.12
Fra rance 0.25 0.25 0.30 0.30
Color 0.30 0.30 0.18 0.18
ater Bal. Bal. Bal. Bal.
150 m water hardness
Foam vol. without soil ml 410 418 375
Foam vol. with soil ml 160 173 135
300 m water hardness
Foam vol. without soil ml 387 405 350
Foam vol. with soil (ml) 150 168 125
Foam height was measured by the inverted cylinder test using a sample
concentration of 0.05% in a pre-determined water hardness.
