Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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WRAPPER PAPER FOR SMOKING ARTICLES DECREASING
THE AMOUNT OF VISIBLE SIDESTREAM SMOKE OF TOBACCO
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a wrapper paper
for a smoking article, which decreases the amount of
visible sidestream smoke of tobacco.
Background Art
A low sidestream smoke cigarette having a small
amount of a sidestream smoke generated has been
developed in recent years. Whether or not such
a cigarette actually has a small amount of the
sidestream smoke generated is determined by a so-called
fishtail method. The fishtail method is described in
detail in Japanese Patent Application published under No. JP 10000081
with reference to drawings. Briefly stated, the
fishtail method utilizes a smoke chamber having an open
lower end portion, which is shaped like a fishtail.
A Cambridge*filter having a diameter of 44 mm is
mounted on an upper portion of the smoke chamber.
A prescribed length of a cigarette is subjected to
a static burn in the lower end portion of the smoke
chamber while sucking the air at a rate of 3 liters/min
through the upper end portion of the smoke chamber.
The particulate matter contained in the sidestream
smoke that is generated in this stage is allowed to be
* trademark
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attached to the Cambridge filter and to the inner wall
of the smoke chamber, and the mass of the attached
particulate matter is measured. To be more specific,
the mass of the original Cambridge filter is subtracted
from the mass of the Cambridge filter catching the
particulate matter so as to obtain first the mass of
the particulate matter attached to the Cambridge
filter. Then, each of the particulate matter attached
to the Cambridge filter and the particulate matter
attached to the inner wall of the smoke chamber is
extracted with a solvent so as to measure the
absorbance. Further, the mass of the particulate
matter attached to the inner wall of the smoke chamber
is calculated from the ratio of absorbance values thus
obtained and from the mass of the particulate matter
attached to the Cambridge filter calculated first
(i.e., the value obtained by the subtraction referred
to above). The sidestream smoke amount per cigarette
(mg/cig) is obtained by adding the mass of the
particulate matter attached to the Cambridge filter to
the mass of the particulate matter attached to the
inner wall of the smoke chamber. Also, the sidestream
smoke amount per unit time (mg/min) is obtained in this
method by measuring the time required for the static
burn of a prescribed length of the cigarette and by
dividing the sidestream smoke amount per cigarette by
the time thus measured. In the development of the
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conventional low sidestream smoke cigarette, the
sidestream smoke amount per unit time thus obtained was
regarded as approximating the apparent sidestream smoke
amount.
On the other hand, an apparatus is proposed for
consecutively or instantly measuring the sidestream
smoke amount of the cigarette by an optical method
without relying on measurement of mass (Japanese Patent
Disclosure No. 3-120444). In this optical apparatus,
the sidestream smoke generated from a cigarette burnt
within a burn chamber is irradiated with a light flux,
and the intensity of the light flux transmitted through
the sidestream smoke is measured. The light flux
intensity thus measured corresponds to the concentra-
tion of the sidestream smoke and, thus, reflects the
amount of all the particulate matter.
It has been found, however, that, when it comes
to the cigarettes which permit suppressing the amounts
of the sidestream smoke to an equally low level when
evaluated by the mass of all the particulate matter as
in the fishtail method, the amounts of the sidestream
smoke often differ from each other when actually
measured visually in the smoking stage. This supports
that the amount of the sidestream smoke measured by the
mass of all the particulate matter does not necessarily
correspond to the amount of the sidestream smoke
measured by the visual observation. Since the
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optically measured amount of the sidestream smoke
referred to above also corresponds to the concentration
of the sidestream smoke, it is reasonable to state that
the optically measured amount of the sidestream smoke
does not necessarily correspond to the amount of the
sidestream smoke measured by the visual observation.
It is desirable for the smoking article such as
a cigarette to be small not only in the mass of all
the particulate matter but also in the amount of
the sidestream smoke actually measured by the visual
observation.
Under the circumstances, an object of the present
invention is to provide a wrapper paper for a smoking
article, which can decrease the amount of sidestream
smoke measured by the visual observation (sometimes
referred to also as an amount of the visible sidestream
smoke hereinafter).
Disclosure of Invention
As a result of an extensive research that has been
made in an attempt to achieve the object referred to
above, the present inventors have found that the amount
of the visible sidestream smoke can be markedly lowered
by mixing calcium carbonate in a prescribed amount and
a burn adjusting agent in a prescribed amount in the
wrapper paper for a smoking article. The present
invention has been achieved on the basis of the
finding.
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Thus, the present invention as broadly disclosed provides a wrapper
paper for a smoking article, which decreases an amount of visible sidestream
smoke of tobacco, the wrapper paper containing at least 30 g/m2 of calcium
carbonate and at least 3% by mass of a burn adjusting agent.
The present invention as claimed is more specifically directed to a
wrapper paper for a smoking article, which decreases an amount of visible
sidestream smoke of tobacco, the wrapper paper containing at least 30 g/m2 of
calcium carbonate and at least 3% by mass of a burn adjusting agent, wherein
the proportion of calcium carbonate in a surface layer on each side of a top
side
and a bottom side of the wrapper paper is less than the proportion of calcium
carbonate contained within the wrapper paper, though the difference between
the proportion of calcium carbonate in said surface layer and that of calcium
carbonate within the wrapper paper is small, and wherein the surface layer is
a
region in a thickness direction from a surface. of the wrapper paper, which
corresponds to 18 to 20% by mass of an entire mass of the wrapper paper.
In the present invention, the burn adjusting agent
is preferably selected from the group consisting of
potassium citrate and sodium citrate.
Also, in the present invention, it is desirable
for the ash component in the surface layer on at least
one side of the wrapper paper to be not larger than 35%
by mass and for the ash component in the surface layer
on each of the top side and the bottom side of the
wrapper paper to be not larger than 35% by mass.
Brief Description of Drawing
FIG. 1 is an oblique view schematically showing
the construction of an apparatus used in the present
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invention for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke for a smoking article;
FIG. 2 is a blocx diagram schematically showing
the construction of an apparatus used in the present
invention for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke for a smoking article;
FIG. 3 schematically shows the construction of
an apparatus for evaluating the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke that can be used in the organoleptic
inspection;
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FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between
the amount of the visible sidestream smoke measured by
the visual observation and the value detected by using
the apparatus for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the visible sidestream
smoke by the fishtail method in respect of a cigarette
wrapped in a wrapper paper for Example 1 described
herein later;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the visible sidestream
smoke by the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in respect of
a cigarette wrapped in a wrapper paper for Example 1
described herein later;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the sidestream smoke by
the fishtail method in respect of a cigarette wrapped
in a wrapper paper for Example 2 described herein
later;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the visible sidestream
smoke by the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in respect of
a cigarette wrapped in a wrapper paper for Example 2
described herein later;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the sidestream smoke by
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the fishtail method in respect of a cigarette wrapped
in a wrapper paper for Example 3 described herein
later; and
FIG. 10 is a graph showing the result of the
measurement of the amount of the visible sidestream
smoke by the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 in respect of
a cigarette wrapped in a wrapper paper for Example 3
described herein later.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
The present invention will now be described more
in detail.
Pulp used for a wrapper paper for a smoking
article according to the present invention is comprised
of a flax pulp, a wood pulp or the like pulp used
for an ordinary wrapper paper for smoking articles
(particularly cigarettes). It is practical to use the
pulp in an amount sufficient to maintain the mechanical
strength required for the paper making process or for
the wrapping of the tobacco. Preferably, the pulp
amount is 20 to 50 g/m2.
The wrapper paper for a smoking article according
to the present invention contains at least a prescribed
amount of calcium carbonate and is added with at
least a prescribed amount of a burn adjusting agent.
The calcium carbonate is contained in an amount of
g/m2 or more and 50 g/m2 or less, and the burn
adjusting agent is added in an amount of 3 to 15% by
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mass. Where the amount of calcium carbonate is smaller
than 30 g/m2 and/or where the amount of the burn
adjusting agent is smaller than 3 mass %, a sufficient
effect of suppressing the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke may not be obtained.
Calcium carbonate is added in the form of
particles. It is desirable for the particle diameter
of calcium carbonate, which can be selected appropri-
ately in view of the cost and the convenience in the
paper making process, to fall within a range of
0.02 gm to 10 um.
It is desirable for the wrapper paper to have
a basis weight of 50 g/m2 to 100 g/m2.
It is desirable to use an alkali metal salt of
citric acid as the burn adjusting agent. Particularly,
it is desirable to use potassium citrate and sodium
citrate as the burn adjusting agent. Potassium
citrate and sodium citrate can be used singly or in
combination.
It should be noted that, in the paper internally
added with a loading material, which is manufactured
by the Fourdrinier machine, the amount of the loading
material on the wire side is rendered smaller than that
on the felt side in accordance with the dehydration
from the wire side in the paper layer-forming stage.
As a result, a bias is generated in the distribution
of the loading material and the fiber in the paper
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in the thickness direction of the paper (or in the
Z-direction). It follows that the paper is caused to
have bilateral properties. It is possible for the
bilateral properties to bring about defects in terms of
the printing quality and the characteristics of the
paper in the field of the printing paper. However,
in the conventional wrapper paper, the bilateral
properties are desirable in terms of the convergence of
the ash in the burn stage of the cigarette, and the
other influences scarcely lead to a practical problem.
However, if a wrapper paper containing a very
large amount of the loading material as in the
present invention is manufactured by the conventional
Fourdrinier machine, the loading material contained
in a large amount in the surface on the felt side
is dropped during the manufacturing process of the
cigarette so as to promote the generation of problems
such as the paper powder trouble and the wrapping
defect. It follows that the manufacture of the
cigarette at a high speed is caused to be impaired.
For overcoming the problem described above, it is
necessary to decrease the loading material alone
distributed in the vicinity of the surface while
maintaining the amount of the loading material
contained within the wrapper paper. As a means for
decreasing the loading material alone distributed in
the vicinity of the surface while maintaining the
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amount of the loading material contained within the
wrapper paper, it is possible to use a paper making
machine in which the paper layer is formed by a double-
side dehydration type wire part. The double-side
5 dehydration type wire part denotes a twin wire type
wire part. Such a paper making machine includes a twin
wire machine, or a paper making machine provided with
a wire pat which is a so-called on-top type wire or
hybrid wire in which a twin wire is used in a part of
10 a Fourdrinier machine. In the general Fourdrinier
machine, the dehydration is carried out on the wire
side alone in the stage of forming a paper layer.
In the twin wire type machine, however, the paper layer
is formed by the dehydration from two wires in contact
with the upper and lower surfaces of the paper material
used for the paper making so as to make it possible to
decrease the amount of the loading material contained
in the surface region of the wrapper paper. The
wrapper paper manufactured by the general Fourdrinier
machine has the highest loading material content on
the felt surface, and the loading material content is
gradually lowered toward the wire surface. On the
other hand, in the wrapper paper manufactured by the
twin wire type paper making machine, the difference in
the content of the loading material between the inner
region and the surface region of the paper layer is
small and, thus, the difference in the loading material
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content between the entire paper layer and each layer
is considerably small. Incidentally, in the present
invention, the region in the thickness direction from
the surface of the wrapper paper, which corresponds to
18 to 20% by mass of the entire mass of the wrapper
paper, is defined as the surface layer, and the ash
component in the particular region is defined as the
ash component of the surface layer. Also, where the
wrapper paper is manufactured by the conventional
Fourdrinier machine, the front and back surfaces of
the manufactured wrapper paper are generally called
the surface on the felt side and the surface on the
wire side, respectively. On the other hand, where the
wrapper paper is manufactured by the twin wire type
paper making machine, the front and back surfaces of
the manufactured wrapper paper are called the surface
on the top wire side and the surface on the bottom wire
side, respectively. In the present invention, the felt
side and the top wire side are called the top side, and
the wire side and the bottom wire side are called the
bottom side. In the present invention, it is desirable
for the ash component in at least one surface layer on
the top side or the bottom side of the wrapper paper
to be not larger than 35% by mass, and it is more
desirable for the ash component in the surface layer on
each of the top side and the bottom side of the wrapper
paper to be not larger than 35% by mass.
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It should be noted that, for determining the ash
component in the surface layer, the wrapper paper
sample is divided into several sections in the
thickness direction of the wrapper paper sample, and
the ash component in the surface layer corresponding to
18 to 20% by mass of the entire mass in the thickness
direction from the surface of the sample can be
determined in accordance with JIS P 8128. Briefly
stated, the ash component in the surface layer noted
above is determined as follows.
A sample sized at 40 mm X 200 mm is taken from a
wrapper paper, and the mass of the sample is measured.
Then, an adhesive tape (width of 50 mm, tesa #4267) is
attached to the surface of the sample such that an air
layer is not formed over the entire region of the
sample ranging between one edge and the other edge of
the sample. After those regions of the adhesive tape
which overhang the sample are cut off, load is applied
from above the adhesive tape so as to cause the
adhesive tape to be attached strongly to the sample.
The mass of the sample having the adhesive tape
attached thereto is measured again so as to obtain the
mass of the adhesive tape. Then, another adhesive tape
is attached to the opposite surface of the sample, and
the sample sandwiched between the two adhesive tapes is
divided in its longitudinal direction into two sections
by utilizing the adhesive force of the adhesive tapes.
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To be more specific, the sample is divided by the
T-shaped peeling, in which the sample sandwiched
between the two adhesive tapes is held vertical and is
slowly peeled in the horizontal direction at a constant
speed. An additional adhesive tape is attached again
to the peeling surface of the sample subjected to the
first peeling process, and the similar procedure is
repeated until the mass of the surface layer amounts to
18 to 20% by mass of the mass of the original sample.
Ten points per sample of the surface layer thus
obtained are strongly heated at 900 C together with the
adhesive tape so as to obtain the ash component in
accordance with JIS P 8128, and the ash component thus
obtained is corrected by the ash component of the
adhesive tape so as to obtain the value of the ash
component of the surface layer. Also, the ash
component of the sample before the division of the
sample is also measured separately so as to obtain
the total ash component.
The wrapper paper for a smoking article
(particularly, cigarette) according to the present
invention permits markedly decreasing the amount of the
visible sidestream smoke of tobacco, compared with the
conventional wrapper paper. The measurement of the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke, which can be
performed by the organoleptic inspection, can also be
performed easily by using an apparatus for measuring
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the amount of the visible sidestream smoke disclosed in
Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-268910.
FIG. 1 is an oblique view schematically showing
the construction of an apparatus for measuring the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke disclosed
in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-268910, and
FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically showing the
construction of the apparatus for measuring the amount
of the visible sidestream smoke referred to above.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the apparatus 10 for
measuring the amount of the visible sidestream smoke
comprises a static burn chamber 11 for a smoking
article, a visible light irradiating unit 12 for
irradiating the sidestream smoke generated by the
static burn of the smoking article and naturally
rising upward within the static burn chamber 11 with
a prescribed visible light beam in a direction
substantially perpendicular to the flowing direction of
the sidestream smoke, and a scattered light intensity
detecting unit 14 for detecting, as the index of the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke, the intensity
of the scattered light scattered by the sidestream
smoke in a direction substantially perpendicular to the
direction of the visible light beam.
The static burn chamber 11 is formed of a light
shielding material, and is comprised of, for example,
a hollow parallelepiped body having a longer side in
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the vertical direction and defined by four side walls
11a to lid. A smoking article insertion port 111 for
inserting a smoking article SA such as an ignited
cigarette into the static burn chamber 11 is formed in
5 a lower portion of the side wall 11a. Air flowing
windows 112 to 115 such as mesh windows, which permit
supplying the air required for the static burn of the
smoking article SA into the static burn chamber 11, are
formed in the lowermost end portions of the four side
10 walls lla to lid defining the static burn chamber 11.
It is desirable for the insertion port 111 of the
smoking article to be formed such that the sidestream
smoke SSS generated from the smoking article SA
inserted into the static burn chamber 11 through the
15 insertion port 111 is prevented from being affected by
the disturbance of the external air entering the static
burn chamber 11 through the air flowing windows 112 to
115 and to be positioned such that the distance between
the smoking article SA and the upper edge of the static
burn chamber 11 is long enough to prevent substantially
the sidestream smoke SSS from being swayed.
It is possible to load glass beads (not shown) in
the free space in the bottom portion of the static burn
chamber 11 surrounded by the air flowing windows 112 to
115 so as to form an air flow rectifying layer, thereby
preventing the sidestream smoke SSS rising upward
within the static burn chamber 11 by the static burn of
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the smoking article from being disturbed. The upper
end of the static burn chamber 11 is left open. It is
possible to mount an evacuating hood 15 on the open
upper end of the static burn chamber 11 for evacuating
the static burn chamber 11. It is necessary to
evacuate the static burn chamber 11 such that the
static burn of the smoking article SA is not substan-
tially affected. For evacuation, it is desirable to
mount a flow rectifying filter 16 in a manner to cross
the upper open end of the static burn chamber 11 so as
to not to disturb the sidestream smoke SSS naturally
rising upward within the static burn chamber 11 by the
static burn of the smoking article. An evacuating duct
151 is mounted on the top portion of the evacuating
hood 15, and the evacuating duct 151 is connected to
an evacuating system (not shown).
The visible light irradiating unit 12 is mounted
outside the static burn chamber 11. In the example
shown in the drawing, the visible light irradiating
unit is mounted outside the side wall llb facing the
side wall lla of the static burn chamber 11 into which
the smoking article SA is inserted. A visible light
transmitting window 116 is formed in that portion of
the side wall 11b which is positioned to face the
visible light irradiating unit 12. The visible light
irradiating unit 12 comprises a visible light source
(not shown) and serves to irradiate the sidestream
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smoke SSS generated by the static burn of the smoking
article SA and naturally rising upward within the
static burn chamber 11 with a visible light beam VLB in
a direction substantially perpendicular to the flowing
direction of the sidestream smoke. The visible light
source used is not particularly limited as far as
a visible light can be emitted. For example, it is
possible to use a visible light laser, a visible light
emitting diode, or a halogen lamp as the visible light
source. In the typical case, a light source A
stipulated by the International Illumination Committee
is used as the visible light source.
The visible light beam (visible light flux) VLB
emitted from the visible light irradiating unit 12 has
a substantial cross section large enough to cover
sufficiently the sidestream smoke SSS naturally rising
upward within the static burn chamber 11 even if the
sidestream smoke SSS is somewhat swayed. For example,
it is possible for the visible light beam VLB to have a
width w in a direction perpendicular to the irradiating
direction (FIG. 2) and to have a rectangular cross
section having a height in a direction substantially
perpendicular to the irradiating direction of the
visible light beam VLB so as to conform with the view
field in performing the organoleptic evaluation in view
of the view field of the human being. It is desirable
for the width w to be at least equal to the swaying
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width of the visible sidestream smoke SSS in a
direction perpendicular to the irradiating direction
of the visible light beam. Incidentally, the cross
sectional shape of the visible light beam is not
limited to a rectangular shape. The cross sectional
shape of the visible light beam may be elliptical,
circular, etc. The shaping of the visible light beam
can be effected by the known method. For example, it
is possible to use a mask having an aperture conforming
to the cross sectional shape of the visible light beam.
It is also possible to use a lens system including
a convex lens and a concave lens used in combination.
It is desirable to arrange a light absorption unit
13 outside the static burn chamber 11, in the example
shown in FIG. 1, outside the sidewall 11a, such that
the light absorption unit 13 is positioned to face
the visible light irradiating unit 12, to permit all
the light components generated from the visible light
irradiating unit 12 and transmitted through the
sidestream smoke SSS to be absorbed and removed.
A visible light transmitting window 117 is formed in
that portion of the side wall lla which is positioned
to face the light absorption unit 13.
The scattered light intensity detecting unit 14
is arranged outside the static burn chamber 11 in
a direction perpendicular to the direction of the
irradiating light beam emitted from the visible light
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irradiating unit 12. In the example shown in FIG. 1,
the scattered light intensity detecting unit is
arranged outside the side wall ltd. A visible light
transmitting window 118 is arranged in that portion
of the side wall lid which is positioned to face
the scattered light intensity detecting unit 14.
As described previously, the scattered light intensity
detecting unit 14 serves to detect the intensity of the
scattered light SLV (90 -scattered light), which is
scattered in a direction substantially perpendicular to
the irradiating direction of the visible light beam
VLB, among the light beams irradiating the sidestream
smoke SSS and scattered by the sidestream smoke SSS.
The scattered light intensity detecting unit 14
comprises an optical system (not shown) for converging
the 90 -scattered light SLV and a light-electricity
conversion device (not shown), known per se, for
converting the converged 90 -scattered light SLV into
an electric signal and outputting the electric signal.
A photomultiplier for converting the light into
a voltage signal can be used desirably as the light-
electricity conversion device referred to above.
The converted voltage signal is subjected to, for
example, an A/D conversion and, then, can be used for
the data sampling using a personal computer. The data
acquisition interval and the acquisition time can be
set optionally. Typically, 300 points can be measured
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at an interval of 0.2 second in one minute.
The intensity of the detected 90 -scattered light
SLV and the amount of the visible sidestream smoke
correlate very well to each other. Therefore, it is
5 possible to judge that the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke is rendered relatively large with
increase in the intensity of the detected 90 -scattered
light. Incidentally, it has been found that the
intensity of the 90 -scattered light and the amount of
10 all the particulate matter contained in the sidestream
smoke do not correlate to each other.
In order to prevent the external stray light
from being incident from each of the visible light
transmitting windows, it is desirable to arrange
15 external stray light shielding boxes 17 to 19 between
the visible light irradiating unit 12 and the visible
light transmitting window 116, between the light
absorption unit 13 and the visible light transmitting
window 117, and between the scattered light intensity
20 detecting unit 14 and the visible light transmitting
window 118.
Concerning the typical examples of the entire size
of the apparatus 10, the static burn chamber 11 is
a hollow parallelepiped having a cross section sized
at 11 cm X 11 cm and a height of 80 cm. The smoking
article insertion port 111 is formed at a position
50 cm apart from the lower edge of the static burn
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chamber. The distance between the smoking article SA
and the center of the visible light beam is 10 cm.
Further, the visible light beam emitted from the
visible light beam irradiating unit has a cross
sectional area sized at 5 cm X 5 cm.
As shown in FIG. 2, it is desirable for the
apparatus for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke used in the present invention to
comprise a conversion table means 20 for converting the
intensity of the 90 -scattered light detected by the
scattered light intensity detecting unit 14 into the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke based on the
relationship between the intensity of the 90 -scattered
light and the amount of the visible sidestream smoke
measured by the visual observation and for outputting
the converted amount of the visible sidestream smoke.
The relationship obtained in advance between the
intensity of the 90 -scattered light and the amount
of the visible sidestream amount obtained by the
visual observation is inputted in the conversion
table means 20 as a conversion formula, a calibration
curve, etc., so as to permit the intensity signal of
the 90 -scattered light outputted from the scattered
light intensity detecting unit 14 to be converted into
the amount of the visible sidestream smoke. The amount
of the visible sidestream smoke thus converted is
generated from the conversion table means 20. In order
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to obtain the correlation between the intensity of the
90 -scattered light and the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke measured by the visual observation,
the amount of the visible sidestream smoke of the
smoking article such as a large number of cigarettes
is evaluated by the organoleptic inspection by the
pair test so as to determine numerically the amount of
the visible sidestream smoke. The intensity of the
90 -scattered light detected by the apparatus is
measured in respect of the same smoking article. It is
possible to obtain a calibration curve by plotting the
measured values in a graph comprising the ordinate
directed to, for example, the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke and the abscissa directed to, for
example, the intensity of the 90 -scattered light.
It is possible to obtain the conversion formula from
the intensity of the 90 -scattered light into the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke on the basis of
the calibration curve thus obtained.
The organoleptic inspection by the pair test can
be performed by using, for example, an apparatus for
evaluating the amount of the visible sidestream smoke
shown in FIG. 3. To be more specific, a standard
cigarette CIG1 and a target cigarette CIG2 are
subjected to the static burn within two static burn
chambers 31 and 32, respectively, which are arranged in
symmetry in the right-left direction. In this case,
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a question-and-answer system is employed in which the
observed amount of the sidestream smoke generated from
the target cigarette CIG2 is asked to be evaluated
numerically within a range of point 0 to point 10
relative to point 5 given to the standard cigarette
CIG1. The static burn chambers 31 and 32 are provided
with peeping windows 311 and 321, respectively, each
having a prescribed width in the vertical direction.
Also, visible light sources 33 and 34 are provided in
the upper portions of the static burn chambers 31 and
32, respectively. It is desirable for the width of
each of the peeping windows 311 and 321 in the vertical
direction to correspond to the height of the visible
light beam emitted from the visible light irradiating
unit 12 included in the apparatus for measuring the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke. It is also
desirable for the distance between the cigarettes CIG1,
CIG2 and the lower ends of the peeping windows 311, 321
to correspond to the distance of the lower end of the
visible light beam emitted from the visible light
irradiating unit 12 included in the apparatus for
measuring the amount of the visible sidestream smoke as
measured from the smoking article SA. Side stream
smokes SS1 and SS2 are irradiated from above with the
visible light beams emitted from the visible light
sources 33 and 34, and these sidestream smokes SS1 and
SS2 can be observed through only the peeping windows
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311 and 321.
The present invention will now be described more
in detail with reference to Examples of the present
invention, though the present invention is not limited
by the following Examples.
Reference Example 1
Values corresponding to the amounts of the visible
sidestream smoke generated from 15 kinds of cigarettes
were evaluated by the organoleptic inspection by the
pair test referred to previously. The evaluation was
performed by 10 panelists by using the apparatus for
evaluating an amount of the visible sidestream smoke
shown in FIG. 3. The average value of the obtained
points for each kind of the cigarettes was defined as
the point of the cigarette of the particular kind.
Also, the above values were normalized by defining as 1
the value corresponding to the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke generated from the cigarette that
acquired the highest point. On the other hand, the
intensity of the 90 -scattered light was detected as
the voltage in respect of the amounts of the sidestream
smoke of the same 15 kinds of the cigarettes by using
the apparatus for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke of the cigarette shown in FIG. 1, and
the voltage values of the cigarettes were normalized
such that the voltage data of the cigarette that was
defined as 1 in the organoleptic inspection referred to
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
previously would become 1. These data are plotted in
a graph of FIG. 4 comprising the abscissa directed to
the normalized intensity of the scattered light and the
ordinate directed to the normalized value corresponding
5 to the amount of the sidestream smoke measured by
the organoleptic inspection. As apparent from FIG. 4,
the intensity of the 90 -scattered light obtained by
the apparatus for measuring the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke correlates very well to the amount
10 of the visible sidestream smoke measured by the
organoleptic inspection.
Example 1
Wrapper papers were prepared, having a pulp in
an amount of 30 g/m2, and containing about 4.5% by mass
15 of potassium citrate with amounts of calcium carbonate
varied as shown in Table 1. Flax pulp was used as the
pulp, and calcite type spindle-shaped calcium carbonate
having a particle diameter of 3.0 m was used as the
calcium carbonate. Cigarettes were prepared by using
20 the resultant wrapper paper. The prepared cigarette
had an ordinary FK size, in which the circumferential
length was 4.9 mm, the tobacco column length was 59 mm,
the filter length was 25 mm, and the chip paper length
was 32 mm. The shredded tobacco used was of the
25 ordinary American blend type used in the cigarette
available on the market, and its loading amount was
0.580 g/cigarette. These cigarettes were conditioned
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
26
at a temperature of 22 C and a relative humidity of
60%, followed by the weight selection with the weight
of a single cigarette set at 0.885 0.01 g. Then, the
cigarette was tested.
Each of the selected cigarettes was subjected to
the static burn with the burn length set at 49 mm.
Table 1 also shows the burn time, the amount of the
sidestream smoke per cigarette, and the amount of
the sidestream smoke per unit time, measured by the
fishtail method. The amount of the sidestream smoke
per cigarette is also shown in FIG. 5. Also, the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke generated from
each cigarette was measured by using the apparatus
shown in FIG. 2, with the result as shown in Table 1
and FIG. 6. The experimental data support that, where
the amount of calcium carbonate is small, the amount of
the sidestream smoke per cigarette is large (FIG. 5).
However, since the burn time is prominently long, the
amount of the sidestream smoke per unit time determined
by the fishtail method is small. On the other hand,
where the amount of calcium carbonate is large,
the burn time is short. Although the amount of the
sidestream smoke per unit time is small because the
amount of the sidestream smoke per cigarette is
prominently small, the amount of the sidestream
smoke per unit time determined by the fishtail method
is not changed prominently. On the other hand,
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
27
the experimental data given in FIG. 6 support that the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke can be rapidly
lowered if the wrapper paper is allowed to contain
calcium carbonate in an amount of at least 30 g/m2.
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
28
a) a)
o
o -o ~r 0 0) 110
4-4 rd r- W to to Lo v'
o o 0 o c; 0 0
41 4J
>~ rn
a)
o
=r-I
4-I
0
~I a) ) M M N dl N O
4J x0 C' Ln l0 to tf) t.C) 3'
,~-, vN ~ ~ N N N N N N N
4-3
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rd
w 1[) 1 sr
r-1
a) +J -O a) 0) r I r 1 '-1 '-I r-I r -H
H W
= r-I
4-1 dl w co N 10 N N of
IV O co N to t.f) N cr
\ d' M M (Y) M M M
~-l U
a)
4-1 tm
O tt ) to to to
o\o
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o 5
C) 10 o u) o u0 o
i u A .-I rI N N M M d
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104 Q)
04 104
(a rt3 LO to r
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CA 02447597 2003-11-14
29
Example 2
Wrapping papers were prepared by adding varied
amounts of potassium citrate as shown in Table 2 to the
wrapper paper containing 35 g/m2 of calcium carbonate
which was found to permit markedly decreasing the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke in Example 1.
The other conditions were the same as those for
Example 1. Table 2 also shows the burn time, the
amount of the sidestream smoke per cigarette, and the
amount of the sidestream smoke per unit time, measured
by the fishtail method. The amount of the sidestream
smoke per cigarette is also shown in FIG. 7. Also,
the amount of the visible sidestream smoke for each
cigarette was measured by using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 2, and the result is shown in Table 2 and FIG. 8.
The experimental data support that, where the amount
of potassium citrate is large, the burn time is long.
However, since the amount of the sidestream smoke
is prominently large (FIG. 7), the amount of the
sidestream smoke per unit time, which was measured by
the fishtail method, was large. On the other hand, if
the amount of potassium citrate is increased, the burn
time is shortened. However, since the amount of the
sidestream smoke per cigarette is prominently decreased
(FIG. 7), the amount of the sidestream smoke per unit
time, which was determined by the fishtail method,
was decreased, though the rate of decrease was not
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
prominently high. However, the experimental data
given in FIG. 8 support that the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke was prominently decreased by allowing
the wrapper paper to contain at least 3% of potassium
5 citrate.
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
31
0 N l0 Ol Ol m
W fd 0 N Ln d' ~I' V
O 0 0 O O
41
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CA 02447597 2003-11-14
32
Example 3
Wrapping papers were prepared by adding varied
amounts of potassium citrate as shown in Table 3 to the
wrapper paper containing 30 g/m2 of calcium carbonate
which was found to permit markedly decreasing the
amount of the visible sidestream smoke in Example 1.
The other conditions were the same as those for
Example 1. Table 3 also shows the burn time, the
amount of the sidestream smoke per cigarette, and the
amount of the sidestream smoke per unit time, measured
by the fishtail method. The amount of the sidestream
smoke per cigarette is also shown in FIG. 9. Also,
the amount of the visible sidestream smoke for each
cigarette was measured by using the apparatus shown in
FIG. 2, and the result is shown in Table 3 and FIG. 10.
The experimental data support that, where the amount
of potassium citrate is small, the burn time is long.
However, since the amount of the sidestream smoke per
cigarette is prominently large (FIG. 9), the amount of
the sidestream smoke per unit time, which was measured
by the fishtail method, was large. On the other hand,
if the amount of potassium citrate is increased, the
burn time is shortened. However, since the amount of
the sidestream smoke per cigarette is prominently
decreased (FIG. 9), the amount of the sidestream smoke
per unit time, which was determined by the fishtail
method, was decreased, though the rate of decrease was
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
33
not prominently high. However, the experimental data
given in FIG. 10 support that the amount of the visible
sidestream smoke was prominently decreased by allowing
the wrapper paper to contain at least 3% of potassium
citrate.
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
34
Q) w
1-1
O
rI r
U)
0 N ri 0 0)
4-4 0 Co Q0 Lf) 6f) J'
0 (D
3-I r1 0 0 0 0 0
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rl
4-I
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~ 4-1 O ri O lO Lo U) Lf)
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TS U)
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4-a
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r~I LO .--1 c)' LO dl
-P ~4 z 41 In v \ N CC lO tl) lf)
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.i
H f=+
4.J O) Lf) M L Cl r- C'
I~zv M CO ' u LO U)
U r M M M M M
(1)
U)
4-a
O O d) co C) lO '-t
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(0
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CA 02447597 2003-11-14
Reference Example 2
Wrapper papers A to C were prepared, containing
the total ash components as shown in Table 4.
Wrapping paper A was a wrapper paper made by
5 adding calcium carbonate used as a loading material to
the wood pulp and by using a Fourdrinier machine in
which a twin wire was substituted for a part of the
wire part. Wrapping paper B was a wrapper paper made
by the process similar to that for making wrapper paper
10 A, except that its addition amount of calcium carbonate
was larger than wrapper paper A. Further, wrapper
paper C was a wrapper paper made by using the ordinary
Fourdrinier machine such that its calcium carbonate
content was made equal to that for wrapper paper A.
15 Table 4 shows the result of the measurement in respect
of the ash component in the surface layer and the ash
component of the entire sample.
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
w
36
a)
U
(n Co co
0.
r co m
N N N
U) \ \
a) 1 j ao r
O N
rl H M M M
En
ld ,L; _ O ct' Ol
41 U) \0 O M O
0 r - M M M
a) a) a)
rl a) 'r-I =ri -H
E- (a (0 M
a) a-' r. a-' r r 4
04 4j
(0 " ~4 04 0
Q,, 0 -0 0 v -
4J ~4 q
J-J
\
0 F" 0 0
o w 0 C=+ w
U)
Go 0 04
04 a) a 04 ID4
ID4 04 104 U)
( a) a)
04 04 P4
0 b 0 E
3 3 3 E'
CA 02447597 2003-11-14
37
No problem was generated in the cigarette
manufacture when it comes to wrapper paper A and
wrapper paper B, which are made by using a Fourdrinier
machine in which a twin wire was substituted for a part
of the wire part. However, when it comes to wrapper
paper C in which the ash content in the vicinity of the
surface exceeded 35%, a large amount of the loading
material was found to have dropped from the surface
of the paper in the manufacturing process of the
cigarette. The dropped paper powder formed a dust, and
the wrapping defect was generated in the cigarette,
with the result that it was difficult to manufacture
the cigarette. Such being the situation, it has been
found that the wrapper paper, in which the ash content
in the surface layer exceeds 35%, is not suitable for
use in the manufacture of the cigarette.
As described above, the present invention provides
a wrapper paper for a smoking article, which permits
significantly decreasing the amount of the sidestream
smoke of the smoking article as measured by the visual
observation.
