Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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GENETIC SEQUENCE RELATED TO BONE DISEASES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to the field of bone related diseases
associated with osteoclast cells dysfunction. More particularly, the invention
is concerned with the identification, isolation and cloning of a gene, which
when mutated is associated with bone related diseases as well as its
transcript in gene products. The present invention also relates to a method
of diagnostic and detection of potential carriers of this mutated gene, bone
related diseases, diagnosis, gene therapy recombinant technology and
therapy using the information derived from the DNA, protein and the
function of the protein.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A) BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART
Bone homeostasis is dependent on two opposite and dynamic processes of
bone formation and resorption in vertebrates and is regulated throughout
adult life. Defective bone resorption (osteopetrosis or osteoporosis) results
from a defect in bone resorption. More particularly, osteopetrosis results in
accumulation of mineralised bone and cartilage due to a lack of bone
remodelling activity. This activity is normally provided by osteoclast. Such
fully differentiated cells are muhfinucleated and are formed by the fusion of
myeloid cells from the monocyte-macrophage lineage.
Osteopetrosis results from a defect in the differentiation or the activation
of the
osteoclast, a specialized cell, which derives from the granulocyte-macrophage
hematopoietic lineage. The role of the osteoclast is bone tissue resorption,
~a
process that is counterbalanced by the osteoblast activity that results in
bone
tissue formation. When such balance is disrupted, major bone diseases as
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2
osteoporosis and osteopetrosis can occur. Lazner, F. et al., Hum Mol Genet.,
8:1839-1846 (1999).
The event of homologous recombination in association with gene targeting in
the mouse, tremendously improved our understanding of osteoclastogenesis.
The specific loss of osteoclast gene function resulted in osteopetrosis that
is
characterized by a general increase in bone mass. For example, PU-1, c-fos,
NFk-B and RANKL gene activities are required for the
differentiation/proliferation of osteoclast precursors, while the loss of c-
src,
TRAF6, V-ATPase and CIC-7 have been associated with defects in
polarization/resorption of the osteoclast. Karsenty, G., Genes and
Dev.,13:3037-3051 (1999); Teitelbaum, S.L., Science, 289:1504-1508 (2000).
In addition to these engineered mutations, four spontaneous mutations have
been described in the mouse. The op gene encodes the hematopoietic colony
stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) Yoshida, H. et al., Nature, 345:442-445, (1990),
mi
encodes a transcriptional factor from the basic-loop-helix zipper (bHLH-zip)
family, Hodgkinson, C.A., Cell, 74:395-404, (1993) and the oc mutation affects
the 116KD subunit of the V-ATPase (Scimeca, J-C et al., Bone, 26:207-213
(2000). The fourth mutation, grey-lethal (gn, described for the first time by
Grunberg, Gruneberg, H. J. Hered., 27:107-109 (1936), displays an
osteopetrotic phenotype closely related to the most severe autosomal
recessive form of the human disease. As in humans, early death occurs
around three weeks of age in homozygous gl/gl mice, and functional rescue
can be obtained following bone marrow transplantation demonstrating a cell
autonomous defect. Walker, D.G., Science, 190:784-785 (1975).
Therefore, there is a need to determine the nucleic acid sequence encoding for
an osteoclast-related polypeptide having the biological activity of modulating
the bone resorption.
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The inventors have determined that the g1 gene is required for osteoclast
maturation/function. Rajapurohitam,V. et al., Bone, 28:513-523 (2001).
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention originates from the discovery of a g1 gene encoding a
polypeptide involved in the regulation of bone resorption in a mammal.
Accordingly, the present invention relates to an isolated or purified nucleic
acid molecule encoding a mammalian osteoclast-related polypeptide
(referred to hereinafter the GI polypeptide) having the biological activity of
modulating bone resorption in osteoclast cells.
The present invention also provides the following:
- an expression or cloning vector having the nucleic acid
sequence of the G( polypeptide mentioned above;
- a host cell having the above mentioned expression or
cloning vector;
- a non-human mammal comprising a genetically modified
nucleic acid molecule of the GI polypeptide of the present
invention;
- an isolated antibody that binds specifically to the GI
polypeptide and fragments thereof;
- a process for producing the GI polypeptide of the present
invention;
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- a method for preventing or treating a bone resorption-
related disease in a mammal subject by administering the .
polypeptide of the present invention to the subject; and
- a pharmaceutical composition containing the GI
polypeptide of the present invention, for preventing or
treating an osteoclast-related disease such as
osteoporosis and osteopetrosis.
In summary, the work conducted in the context of the present invention has
allowed the inventors to identify a novel gene with a specific function that
is
absolutely required for proper osteoclast maturation and bone tissue
resorption.
This in turn, has allowed the inventors of the present application to provide
methods, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic tools to treat and/or
prevent bone related diseases such as osteopetrosis and osteoporosis.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 shows the physical entrance cryptional map of BAC.
Figure 2 is a table regrouping information on the characterisation of BAC
clones.
r,
Figure 3 shows the expression of the GI gene in different tissue type.
Figure 4 shows the expression of the GI gene in transgenic mice in different
tissue type.
Figure 5 A shows the result of the Western blot ANALYSIS OF GI
polypeptide in Wild-type and g1 o~fe~clasts.
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Figure 5 B shows the specific cytoplasmic localisation of the GI polypeptide.
Figure 6 shows the Kyte-Doolittle hydropathy plot for mouse GL
polypeptide.
Figure 7 shows the TMpred-prediction of transmembrane Regions and
5 Orientation for Mouse GI polypeptide.
Figure 8 shows the nucleic acid sequence of the mouse GI gene.
Figure 9 shows the nucleic acid sequence of the human GL gene
homologue.
Figure 10 shows the amino acid sequence of the mouse GI polypeptide.
Figure 11 shows the amino acid sequence of the human GL polypeptide.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Definitions
In order to provide an even clearer and consistent understanding of the
specification and the claims, including the scope given herein to such
terms, the following definitions are provided:
Osteoclast broadly relates to a large multinucleated cell found in
growing bone that resorbs bone tissue, as the renewal of bone matrix.
g! gene also relates to a gene, which encodes for an osteoclast-
related polypeptide and which when mutated is associated with bone
related diseases. This definition is understood to include the various
sequence polymorphisms_ 'that exist wherein the codon substitutions or
deletion in the gene sequence do not affect the essential function of the
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gene product as well as functionally equivalence of the nucleotide
sequences of SEQ. ID No. 1 and SEQ. ID No. 2. This term also relates to
an isolated coding sequence, but can also include some or all of the
flanking regulatory elements and/or introns. The term g1 gene includes the
gene and other species homologous to the human gene, which when
mutated is associated with bone related diseases.
GI polypeptide refers to the polypeptide encoded by the g1 gene. This
polypeptide may be a natural or synthetic compound containing two or
more amino acids having a specificity to osteoclast cells susceptible to
modulate the activity of osteoclast cells. The preferred source of
polypeptide is the mammalian polypeptide as isolated from humans or
animals. The polypeptide may be produced by recombinant organisms or
chemically or enzymatically synthesised. This definition is understood to
include functional variance, such as the various polymorphic forms of the
protein where the amino acids substitution or deletion within the amino acid
sequence do not effect essential functioning of the protein or its structure.
It
also enclosed functional fragments of osteoclast related polypeptide.
Modulation refers to activation or inhibition of osteoclast cell activity
in bone resorption.
Ruffled border broadly refers to the folded configuration of the
osteoclast cell membrane through which the osteoclast may resorb the
bone matrix.
Functional homologues broadly refer to a protein/peptide or
polypeptide sequence that possesses a functional biological activity that is
substantially similar to the biological activity of the whole protein/peptide
or
polypeptide sequence. A functional derivative of a protein/peptide or
polypeptide may or may not contain post-translational modifications such as
covalently linked carbohydrate, if such modification is not necessary for the
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performance of a specific function. The term :"functional derivative" is
intended to cover the "fragments", "segments", "variants", "analogs" or
"chemical derivatives" of a protein/peptide or polypeptide.
Analog broadly refers to a peptide or polypeptide that is substantially
similar in function to the polypeptide of the invention.
Derived broadly refers to a protein/peptide or polypeptide that is said
to "derive" from a protein/peptide or from a fragment thereof when such
protein/peptide comprises at least one portion, substantially similar in its
sequence, to the native protein/peptide or to a fragment thereof.
Isolated or Purified refers to a state different from the natural state.
. More precisely, it is altered "by the hand of man" from its natural state,
i.e.,
if it occurs in nature, it has been changed or removed from its original
environment, or both. For example, a polynucleotide naturally present in a
living organism is not "isolated", the same polynucleotide separated from
the coexisting materials of its natural state, obtained by cloning,
amplification and/or chemical synthesis is "isolated" as the term is
employed herein. Moreover, a polynucleotide that is introduced into an
organism by transformation, genetic manipulation or by any other
recombinant method is "isolated" even if it is still present in said organism.
The term peptide or polypeptide herein includes any natural or
synthetic compounds containing two or more amino acids. Therefore, it
comprises proteins, glycoproteins, and protein fragments derived from
pathogenic organisms such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and the like, or
proteins isolated from normal or pathogenic tissues, such as cancerous
cells. It also includes proteins and fragments thereof produced through
recombinant means that has been associated or not with other peptides
coding for tumoral, viral, bacterial or fungic epitopes for forming a fusion
protein.
Nucleic acid broadly refers to any DNA, RNA sequence or molecule
having one nucleotide or more, including nucleotide sequences erscr~aun~~=a
complete gene. The term is intended to encompass all nucleic acids
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whether occurring naturally or non-naturally in a particular cell, tissue or
organism. This includes DNA and fragments thereof, RNA and fragments
thereof, cDNAs and fragments thereof, expressed sequence tags, artificial
sequences including randomized artificial sequences.
Functional homologues broadly refer to any molecule, natural or
synthetic, being able to carry out the same functions as the 'protein or
polypeptide of interest.
The term "variant" as is generally understood and used herein, refers
to a protein that is substantially similar in structure and biological
activity to
either the protein or fragment thereof. Thus two proteins are considered
variants if they possess a common activity and may substitute each other,
even if the amino acid sequence, the secondary, tertiary, or quaternary
structure of one of the proteins is not identical to that found in the other.
Vector refers to a self-replicating RNA or DNA molecule, which can
be used to transfer an RNA or DNA segment from one organism to another.
Vectors are particularly useful for manipulating genetic constructs and
different vectors may have properties particularly appropriate to express
proteins) in a recipient during cloning procedures and may comprise
different selectable markers known by one skilled in the art. Bacterial
plasmids are commonly used vectors.
Probe or primer broadly refers to any DNA or RNA sequence that is
marked with a fluorescent compound, a radioisotope or an enzyme and
used for detecting homologues (complementary) sequences as by
hybridization in situ or in vitro.
Osteoporosis relates to a disease in which the bones become
extremely porous, are subject to fracture, and heal slowly, occurring
especially in women following menopause and often leading to curvature
of the spine from vertebral collapse.
Osteopetrosis relates to a disea~°~~j;ri which the bones become
extremely dense. There is absence of development of the bone marrow, of
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teeth growth and of general growth. This disease also causes premature
death of the subjects.
B~ OVERVIEW OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is concerned with the identification and sequencing
of the mammalian g1 gene in order to gain insight into the cause and
etiology of bone related diseases. From this information, screening
methods and therapies for the diagnosis and treatment of the diseases can
be developed.
Although it is generally understood that bone related diseases are caused
by osteoclast related polypeptide expressed most likely in the bones,
expression of this polypeptide has been found in variety of mammalian
tissue types such as the testis, the thymus, the heart, the kidney, the
spleen, the brain and the liver. .
The mutation identified in the context of the present invention has been
related to bone diseases such as osteopetrosis and osteoporosis. With the
identification of sequences of the gene and the gene products, probes and
antibodies raised against the gene product can be used in a variety of
hybridisation and immunological assays to screen for and detect the
presence of either a normal or mutated gene or gene product.
Patient therapy through removal or blocking of the mutant gene product, as
well as supplementation with the normal gene product by amplification, by
genetic and recombinant techniques or by immunotherapy can now be
achieved. Correction or modification of the defective gene product by
protein treatment immunotherapy (for example using antibodies to the
defective protein) or knock out of the mutated gene is now also possible.
The bone related disease airrie~l~~~ii the present invention could also be
controlled by gene therapy in which the gene defect is corrected in situ or
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by the use of recombinant or other vehicles to deliver a DNA sequence
capable of expressing the normal gene product whose effect counter
balances the deleterious consequences of the disease mutation to the
affected cells of the patient.
5 Toward the isolation and characterization of the g1 gene, the inventors of
the present invention have used a positional cloning approach. A detailed
physical map was established using yeast and bacterial artificial
chromosome (YACs, BACs). Transgenic mice were then generated with
different BAC clones to localise the g1 gene based on functional rescue of
10 the gl osteopetrotic defect. The candidate g1 gene or region was isolated
and sequenced. Finally, a large deletion in this candidate gene or region in
g1 mice that results in complete loss of gene expression was molecularly
characterized.
Physical mapping of the a! Gene
As an initial step in the positional cloning approach used by the inventors of
the
present application, the g1 locus was localized genetically to the proximal
portion of mouse chromosome 10 in a ~1 cM interval. Vacher, J. and Bernard,
H., Mammalian Genome, 10, 239-243, 1999.
Interestingly, this study allowed the inventors to define cosegregation of the
gl
locus transmission with a congenic polymorphic region, potentially of 129Sv
origin, maintained by brother-sister matings for more than one hundred
generations. These polymorphic markers were used to screen five YAC
libraries and allowed the applicant to establish a YAC contig covering ~8.5Mb.
To obtain genomic clones that would most probably be non-chimeric, a BAC
contig was isolated and established. The BAC contig was composed of
eighteen overlapping clones covering the g1 candidate region. The markers
D10 Mit184 and Cd24a were used as entry points and after several rounds of
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chromosome walking, a minimal candidate genomic interval of ~500kb was
covered by the contig. Complete characterization of these clones and end
insert probes from the BACs 545 M19 and 343 H5 delineated the non-
recombinant interval, showing that the g1 locus must lie between these two
markers.
Functional rescue in BAC transaenic mice
The strategy adopted by the inventor's of the present application was based on
an in vivo biological activity test through functional rescue of the
osteopetrotic
gllgl phenotype, using BAC transgenesis.
Three overlapping BACs (498 E23, 373 N3, 343 H5) covering ~75% of the
candidate region were injected. In contrast to non-transgenic grey homozygous
gllgl osteopetrotic littermates, all transgenic gllgl animals carrying the BAC
373
N3 displayed normal growth, an agouti coat color and appropriate bone
marrow development as demonstrated by histological analysis.
Transgene transmission followed Mendelian distribution, and complete rescue
was observed in all gllgl transgenic mice. No detrimental phenotype was
noticed with age in transgenic animals.
These results suggested that the gl mutation was linked to a decreased
activity
of a gene included in the BAC 373 N3.
Identification and characterisation of the al gene
To characterize the genes present on the BAC 373 N3, a shotgun M13 phage
library was generated and sequenced. In parallel, BLAST searches against
EST (Expressed Sequence Tags) databases and ORF (Open reading frame)
__ prediction analyses were used to define transcription units and genes.
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Northern blot and RT-PCR gene expression analyses showed loss of
expression of a unique ~3 kb transcript in gl/gl animals.
Genomic structural c haracterization of the g! locus by Southern analysis
defined six exons and five introns covering approximately 16780 base pairs for
the wild-type g1 locus. In contrast to the wild-type g1 locus, genomic DNA
from
the gllgl mice underwent a genomic rearrangement associated with a large
~8kb deletion, that included the gene promoter and a large part of the first
exon.
This observation is consistent with the complete lack of detection of the g1
messenger RNA.
GI polypeptide structure and localization
The open reading frame corresponding to the g1 mRNA encodes a 338
amino acid protein with no obvious similarity with known protein sequences
represented in protein databases. Hydropathy and protein topology analysis
suggested the presence of one putative transmembrane domain in a
protein enriched in cysteine residues. Two specific GI antibodies
corresponding to two different epitopes were used to detect by Western blot
a ~38KDa protein in wild-type osteoclast extracts. In contrast no protein
was detected in gllgl cell extracts. Immunofluorescence analysis on wild-
type native osteoclasts (Fig. 5), demonstrated specific cytosolic localization
far the GI polypeptide in multinucleated osteoclast as 'confirmed following
i-ioechst staining.
The analysis of predicted protein topology suggested that the protein has a
putative transmembrane domain. Thus, this polypeptide may act as a
receptor which has a binding specificity to a ligand which in turn has the
function of modulating the activity of the GI poly$ra°.otide; a channel
protein;
or a structural membrane protein.
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Expression pattern
Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis demonstrated a wide-spread
expression pattern of a unique ~3Kb messenger RNA in several tissues
including brain, spleen, liver, kidney, heart, thymus, testis and most
importantly in osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) obtained in cocultures. Functional
complementation was further correlated with detection of this specific
transcript in rescued animals. Strong expression was detected in transgenic
homozygous gllgl tissues compared to the normal low level of expression in
7 0 control non-transgenic wild-type littermate. This is in accordance with
the
high BAC transgene copy number (~6) in this transgenic line. Furthermore,
bone in situ hybridization demonstrated g1 specific expression in
multinucleated wild-type osteoclasts with higher expression in transgenic
osteoclasts.
GI polypeptide may be expressed using eukaryotic and prokaryotic
expression systems. Eukaryotic expression system can be used for many
studies of the g1 gene and gene product including the determination of
proper expression and post-translational modification for full biological
activity, the identification of regulatory elements located in the 5 region of
the production of large amounts of the normal and mutant protein for
isolation and purification, to use cells expressing the GI polypeptide as a
functional assay system for antibodies generated against the protein and to
test effectiveness of pharmacological agents or as a component of a signal
transcription system to study the function of the normal complete protein,
specific portion of the protein or of spontaneously occurring and genetically
engineered mutant proteins.
One example of the prokaryotic expression system that may be used in the
context of the present invention is the PET vector (Novagen).
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Cloninct of a human homologues of the a! Gene
Database searches with the full length murine GI polypeptide sequence
identified homologous sequences in C. elegans and D. melanogaster. In
contrast no human homologues were directly detected. However, highly
conserved human EST clones were found and using genomic sequence of j
a PAC (Sanger center) combined with the mouse gene intronlexon
structure, a gl human cDNA was assembled. The human sequence
displayed high degree of conservation and close protein sequence identity
with a 334 amino acids protein instead of 338 for the mouse protein.
The GI polypeptide of the present invention comprises an amino sequence
at least 89% identical to an amino acid sequence selected from the group
consisting of SEQ ID N0:3, SEQ ID N0:4 and functional homologues
thereof, exclusive of a NH2-terminal signal peptide (Target Program).
The GI polypeptide of the present invention is also defined to comprise a
nucleic acid sequence at least 90% identical to a sequence selected from
the group consisting of SEQ ID N0:1, SEQ ID N0:2 and functional
homologues thereof.
Antibodies for detecting GI polypeptide
The present invention further provides an antibody that has a binding
specificity to the GI polypeptide of the present invention and fragments
thereof.
GI polypeptide antibodies can provide information on characteristic of the
protein. For instance, generation of antibodies will enable the visualisation
of the protein in cells and tissues using Western blotting.
In this technique, proteins are run on polyacrylamide gel and then
transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. These membranes are then
incubated in the presence of the antibody (primary), then following washing
are incubated with a secondary antibody which is used for detection of the
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protein-primary antibody complex. Following repeated washing, the entire
complex is visualised using colorimetric or chemiluninescent assays.
GI polypeptide antibodies also allow for the use of immunocytochemistry in
immunofluorescent techniques in which the proteins can be visualised
5 directly in cells and tissues. This is most helpful in order to establish
the
subcellular location of the protein and the tissues specificity of the
protein.
In order to prepare polyclonal antibodies, fusion proteins containing defined
portions or all of the GI polypeptide can be synthesised in bacteria or in
fungi by expression .of corresponding DNA sequences in a suitable cloning
10 vehicle. The protein can then be purified, coupled to a carrier protein and
mixed with an adjuvant known by one skilled in the art suitable and injected
into laboratory animals such as mice.
Alternatively, protein can be isolated from cultured cells expressing the
protein. Following busters injections at bi-weekly intervals, the mice or
other
15 laboratory animals are then bled and the protein isolated. These sera can
be used directly or purified pior to use, by various methods including
affinity
chromatography, protein A-sepharose, antigene sepharose, antimouse Ig-
sepharose. The sera can then be used to probe protein extract run on a
polyacrylirnide gel to identify the GI polypeptide. Alternatively, synthetic
peptide can be made to the antigenic portion of the protein in use to
inoculate the animals.
To produce monoclonal GI polypeptide antibodies are prepared according
to standard techniques known by one skilled in the art. For instance, cells
actively expressing the protein are cultured or isolated from tissues and the
cells membranes isolated. The membranes, extracts or recombinant protein
extracts, containing the GI polypeptide, are injected with an adjuvant into
mice. After been injected nine times over a three weeks period, the mice
spleens are removed and resuspended in phosphate saline buffer PSB.
The spleen cells serve as a source of lymphocytes some of which are
producing antibody of the appropriate specificity. These are then fused with
a permanently growing myloma partner cell and the product of the fusion
are plated under a number of tissue culture wells in the presence of
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selective agents, such as HAT. The wells are then screened to identify
those containing cells making useful antibody by ELISA. These are then
freshly plated. After a period of growth, these wells are again screened to
identify antibody-producing cells. Several cloning procedure are then
carried out until over 90% of the wells containing single clones, which are
positive for antibody production. From this procedure to stable the line of
clones is established which produce the antibody. The monoclonal antibody
can then be purified by affinity chromatography using protein A sepharose,
ion-exchange chromatography, as well as variation and combinations of
these techniques.
In situ hybridisation is another method used to detect the expression of GI
polypeptide. In situ hybridisation relies upon the hybridisation of
specifically
labelled nucleic acid probe to the cellular RNA in individual cells or
tissues.
Therefore, it allows the identification of mRNA within intact tissues such as
the brain. In this method, oligonucleotide corresponding to unique portions
of the g1 gene are used to detect specific mRNA species in the tissue of
interest.
Antibodies may also be used coupled to compounds for diagnostic and/or
therapeutic uses such as radionucleic for imaging and therapy and
liposome for the delivering of compound to a specific tissue location.
Process for producing the GI polypeptide
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the GI
polypeptide is produced with a process comprising the step of culturing a
host cell that is transformed or transfected with an expression vector
comprising the nucleic acid or amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID
N0:1 to 4, under condition suitable for the expression of the polypeptide.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the host cell is a colony
forming unit granulocyte macrophage selected from the group consisting of
granulocyte macrophage lineage and monocyte.
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In the alternative, the GI polypeptide can be expressed in other cells such
as insect cells using baculoviral vectors, or in mammalian cells using
vaccinia virus or a specialised eukaryotic expression vectors. For
expression in mammalian cells, the cDNA sequence may be ligated to
heterologous promotors such as the simian virus (SV 40) promoter in the
pSV2 vector or other similar vectors and introduced into cultured eukaryotic
cells such as COS cells to achieve transit or a long term expression. The
stable integration of the chimeric gene construct may be maintained in
mammalian cells by biochemical selections such as neomycin and
mycophoenolic acid.
Vectors are introduced into recipient cells by various methods including
calcium phosphate, strontium, electroporation, lipofection, DEAE dextran,
microinjection, or by photoplast fusion. Alternatively, the cDNA can be
introduced by infection using viral vectors.
Using the techniques mentioned, the expression vectors containing the g1
gene or portion thereof can be introduced into a variety of mammalian cells
from other species or into non mammalian cells.
The recombinant cloning vector, according to this invention, comprises
selected DNA of the DNA sequences of this invention for expression in a
suitable host. The DNA is operatively linked in the vector to a promotor
sequence in recombinant vehicle so that normal and/or mutant GI
polypeptide can be expressed. The expression controlled sequence will be
selected from the group consisting of sequences that control the expression
of genes of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells and the viruses and combination
therefore. The expression controlled sequence may be selected from the
group consisting of the lac system, the trp system, the tac system, the trc
system, major operator and promoter regions of phage lambda, the control
region of the fd coat protein, promoter of SV 40, promoters derived from
polyoma, adenovirus, baculovirus, 3-phophosglycerate kinase promoter,
yeast promoters, combinations thereof.
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The host cell which may be transfected with the vector of the present
invention may be selected from the group consisting of bacteria, the yeast,
fungi, insects, mouse or other animals, plant hosts or human tissue cells.
This process may further have a recovering and/or purifying step, wherein
the polypeptide is recovered andlor recovered from the host cell through
standard and well known procedures.
The GI polypeptide may be isolated and purified by methods selected on
the basis of properties revealed by its sequence. Since the protein
processes properties of a membrane-spaning protein, a membrane fraction
of cells in which the protein is highly expressed would be isolated and the
proteins removed by extraction and the protein solubilised using a
detergent.
Purification can be achieved using protein purification procedures, such as
chromatography methods (gel, filtration, ion-exchange and immune affinity),
by high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC, ion exchange
HPLC, size-exclusion HPLD and high performance chromatofocusing and
hydrophobic interaction chromatography) or by precipitation (immuno
precipitation). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can also be used to
isolate the GI polypeptide based on its molecular weight, charge properties
and hydrophobicity.
Similar procedures to those just mentioned could be used to purify the
protein from cells transfected with vectors containing the GI polypeptide
(e.g. baculovirus systems, yeast expression systems, eukaryotic expression
systems). Purified protein can be used in further biochemical analysis to
establish secondary and tertiary structure, which may aid in the design of
pharmaceuticals to interact with the protein or charge interaction with other
proteins, lipid or-.saccharide moieties, alter its function in membranes as a
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transporter channel or receptor and/or in cells as an enzyme or structural
protein in treated disease.
The protein may be in the form of a fusion protein GI polypeptide-GST,
which will facilitate its purification. For example, a fusion protein may be
created by ligating the GI cDNA sequence to a vector, which contains
sequence for another peptide (e.g. GST-glutationine succinyl transferase).
The fusion protein is expressed and recovered from a prokaryotic (e.g.
bacteria( or baculovirus) or an eukaryotic cell. The fusion protein can then
be purified by affinity chromatography based upon the fusion vector
sequence. The GI polypeptide can then be further purified from the fusion
protein by enzymatic cleavage of the fusion protein.
THERAPIES
Methods for preventing or treating a bone-related disease in a mammal are
provided.
An important aspect of the biochemical studies using the genetic
information of this invention is the development of therapies to circumvent
or overcome the g1 gene defects and thus prevent, treat, control serious
symptoms or cure the disease. In view of expression of the g! gene in a
variety of tissues, one has to recognise that other defects than osteoporosis
and/or osteopetrosis may be caused by mutation in the g1 gene in other
tissues. Hence, in considering various therapies, it is understood that such
therapies may be targeted at tissue other than the bone marrow, such as
the heart, the testis, the spleen and the kidneys, where GI polypeptide is
also expressed.
In a particular embodiment, the method comprises modulating the
expres~i,~a;.n of the nucleic acid and/or the concentration of the GI _ .
polypeptide of the present invention. The expression and/or concentration
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
nr..~-r ~ .r. n.,~u~~,~..~~ 1
~ WO 03/029283 ~ PCT/EP02/10721
of the osteoclast-related polypeptide may be increased thereby preventing ,
or treating a lack of bone resorption, such as osteopetrosis, in fihe mammal
subject.
In this embodiment, the expression of the nucleic acid or the concentration ,
5 of the polypeptide is increased by administering to the mammal subject at
least one of the following: a functional nucleic acid molecule of the present
invention; an expression or cloning, vector having the nucleic acid molecule
of the present invention; a host cell comprising the latter; a molecule for
activating in said mammal the expression of the above mentioried nucleic
10 acid molecule; an GI polypeptide of the present invention; a molecule for
activating the production or increasing the concentration of the GI
polypeptide of the invention; and a viral vector having the nucleic acid
sequence of the invention.
In another embodiment, the expression andlor concentration of the GI
15 polypeptide of the present invention is reduced, thereby treating or
preventing an excess of bone resorption, such a's osteoporosis in a
mammal subject.
In this embodiment, the expression and/or concentration of the GI
polypeptide is reduced by administering to the mammal subject at least one
20 of the following molecule: a molecule having the function of inhibiting the
expression of the nucleic acid sequence encoding for the GI polypeptide of
the invention; a molecule for inhibiting the production of the GI polypeptide
'
of the invention; and/or a molecule having the function of reducing the
.concentration of the GI polypeptide of the invention.
The molecule which has the function of inhibiting the expression of the
nucleic acid mentioned herein above may be one that, for instance, binds to
the nucleic acid thereby blocking the transcription andlor~t~e, translation
steps of the polypeptide thus inhibiting its production.
CA 02462143 2004-03-29 j~(''T~~-~-~~~1
WO 03/029283 ~ ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721 '
21
In the case where the GI polypeptide of the present invention is a receptor
or an ion channel protein, a test for osteoporosis or osteopetrosis can be
produced to detect an abnormal receptor or an abnormal function related to
abnormalities that are inquired or inherited in the g1 gene and its product,
or
in one of the homologues genes and their products. This test can be
accomplished either in vivo or in vitro by measurements of ion channel
fluxes andlor transmembering voltage or current fluxes using patch, clamp,
voltage clamp and fluorescent dies since it is to intracellular calcium or
transmembrane voltage. Defective ion channel or receptor function can also
be assayed by measurements of activation of second messengers such as
cyclic AMP, cGMP kinases, phosphates, increases in intracellular Ca2+
levels, etc. Recombinantly made protein may also be reconstructed in
artificial membrane systems to study ion channel conductance.
Therapies which affect bone related diseases can be tested by analysis of
their ability to modify an abnormal ion channel or receptor function mutation
in the g1 gene in one of its homologues. Therapies could also be tested by
their ability to modify the normal function of an ion channel or receptor
capacity of the g1 gene products and its homologues. Such assays can be
performed on cultured cells expressing endogenous normal or mutant g1
genes/gene products (or its homologues). Such studies can be performed
in additional cells transfected with vectors capable of expressing GI
polypeptide, parts of the g1 gene and gene product, mutant GI polypeptide
or of its homologues (abnormal or mutant form).
Therapies for bane related diseases could be divided to modify an
abnormal ion channel or receptor function of the g1 gene or its homologues.
Such therapies can be conventional drugs, peptides, sugars or lipids as
well as antibodies or other agents, which affect the properties of the g1 gene
product. Such therapies can also be performed by direct replacement of the
g1 gene and/or its homologues by gene therapy. In the case of an ion
channel, the gene therapy could be performed using either many genes
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 ~ ' ~ PCT/EP02/10721 k tJ~ ''
(cDNA + a promoter) or a genomic construct bearing genomic DNA
sequences for parts or all of the g1 gene. Mutant GI polypeptide or
homologous gene sequences might also be used to counter the effect of
the inherited or acquired abnormalities of the g1 gene. The therapy may also
be directed at augmenting the receptor Gl channel function of the
homologues genes in order that it may potentially take over the functions of
the g1 gene rather defective by acquired or inherited defects. Therapies
using antisence oligonucleotides to block the expression of the mutant g1
gene co-ordinated with gene replacement with normal GI polypeptide or a
homologue gene can also be applied using standard techniques or either
gene therapy or protein replacement therapy.
Pharmaceutical preparation
A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating osteopetrosis is
provided. The composition comprises in a pharmaceutically effective
amount a molecule that has the function of increasing the expression
and/or concentration of the GI polypeptide of the present invention. This
molecule may be selected from the group of molecule used to prevent or
treat osteopetrosis mentioned in the previous section.
A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating osteoporosis is
also provided. The composition comprises in a pharmaceutically effective
amount of a molecule having the function of reducing the expression andlor
concentration of the GI polypeptide of the present invention. This molecule
may be selected from the group of molecule used for treating or preventing
osteoporosis mentioned in the previous section.
The term "pharmaceutically effective amount" means an amount, which
provides a therapeutic effect for a specified condition and route of
administration.
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721 f l~iJ~ ~'
23
According to various embodiments of the present invention, the
pharmaceutical composition may further comprise pharmaceutically
acceptable diluant, carrier, solubiliser, emulsifier, preservative and/or
adjuvant.
The composition may be in a liquid or lyophilised form and comprises a
diluant (Tris, acetate or phosphate buffers) having various pH values and/or
ion exchange; solubiliser such as Tween or polysorbate; carriers such as
human serum, albumin or gelatine; preservatives such as thimerosal or
benzyl alcohol and antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium
metabisulfite.
The composition of the invention may be in solid or liquid form or any
suitable form for a therapeutic use. They may be formulated for a rapid or
slow release of its components. The composition of the invention may be
prepared according to conventional methods known in the art.
Kit for screening the GI polypeptide molecule of the present invention
Screening for a human related disease such as osteopetrosis andlor
osteoporosis as link to chromosomes 6 may now be really carried out
because of the knowledge of the location of the gene.
People with high risk for osteopetrosis or osteoporosis (person in family
pedigree) or individuals not previously known to be at high risk, or people in
general may be screened routinely using probes to detect the presence of a
mutant g1 gene by a variety of techniques.
Genomic DNA used for the diagnosis may be obtained from body cells,
such as those present in the blood, tissue biopsy, and surgical specimens
or autopsy material. The DNA may be isolated and used directly for
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
- - WO 03/029283 ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721
24
detection of its specific sequence or may be amplified part to analysis. RNA
or cDNA may also be used.
To detect a specific DNA sequence, hybridisation using a specific
oligonucleotide, direct DNA sequencing, restriction enzyme digest, RNase
protection, chemical cleavage and ligase-mediated detection are all
methods, which can be utilised.
Oligonucleotides specific to mutant sequences can be chemically
synthesised and labelled radioactively with isotopes or non-radioactive
using biotin tags and hybridised to individual DNA samples immobilised on
membranes or other solid supports by dot-blot or transfer from gels after
electrophoresis. The presence or absence of these mutant sequences is
then visualised using methods such as autoradiography, fluorometry or
colormetric reaction.
Direct DNA sequencing reveals sequence difFerences between normal and
mutant OR polypeptide DNA. Cloned DNA segments may be used as
probes to detect specific DNA segments. PCR can be used to enhance the
sensitivity of this method by exponentially increasing of the target DNA.
Other nucleotide sequence simplification techniques may be used such as
ligation-mediated PCR, anchored PCR and enzymatic amplification as
would be understood by those skilled in the art.
Sequence alteratiori may also generate fortuitous restriction enzyme
recognition sites, which are revealed by the use of appropriate enzyme
digestion followed by gel electrophoresis and blot hybridisation. DNA
fragments carrying the site (normal or mutant) are detected by their
increased reduction size or by the increase of corresponding restriction
family numbers. Genomic DPJA samples may also be amplified by PCR
prior to treatment with appropriate restriction enzyme and the fragments of
CA 02462143 2004-03-29 _Q~T/E~f?~
W0 03/029283 ~ ~ rcTiEro2no~2n~~~1
different sizes are visualised under UV light in the presence of ethidium _y
bromide after gel electrophoresis.
Genetic test is based on DNA sequence differences may be achieved by
detection of alteration in electrophoretic mobility of DNA fragments in gels.
5 Small sequence deletion and insertion can be visualised by high resolution
gel electrophoresis. Small deletions may also be detected as changes in
the migration pattern of DNA heteroduplexes in non denaturing gel
electrophoresis. Alternatively a single base substitution or deletion mutation
may be detected based on differential PCR product length in PCR. The
10 PCR products for the normal and mutant gene could be differentially
detected in acrylamide gels.
A kit for screening a nucleic acid sequence encoding for the GI polypeptide
of the present invention is provided. The kit comprises a nucleic acid probe
or primer complementary to the nucleic acid sequence of the present
15 invention; reagents for hybridization of the probe or primer to a
complementary nucleic acid sequence; and means for detecting
hybridization.
The present invention also provides a kit for detecting the presence of the
GI polypeptide of the present invention.
20 In this embodiment, the kit comprises a probe or primer having a binding
specificity to the GI polypeptide of the present invention; reagents for
hybridization of the probe or primer to the GI polypeptide; and means for
detecting hybridization.
' CA 02462143 2004-03-29
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26
EXAMPLE 1
Mice
The mouse strain GL/Le dl+I+g1 was purchased from the Jackson Laboratory
(Bar Harbor, ME). Homozygous gllgl mice were generated by breeding
heterozygous g1/+ animals, and displayed a typical grey coat color instead of
agouti, a major growth retardation and a lack of tooth eruption. All animals
produced from these matings were genotyped at the gl locus by using
cosegregating polymorphic markers that we have previously described.
Vacher, J and Bernard, H., Mamm. Genome,10, 239-243,1999.
EXAMPLE 2
_BAC library screening and contig establishment
The 129/Sv CITB mouse BAC library (Research Genetics, Huntsville, AL) was
screened by PCR using the markers D10Mit184. Amplification reaction was
performed in a 20 p1 of 10mM Tris-hydroxychloride, pH 8:3, 50mM KCI and
1.5mM MgCl2. Each reaction contained 10ng of DNA, 0.5 p.M of each primer,
0,2 mM dNTP and 1 U Taq polymerase (GIBCO-BRL). Thermal cycler
conditions were 94°C, 5 min and 30 cycles (94°C, 1 min;
55°C, 1 min; 72°C, 2
min). PCR reactions were analyzed by gel electrophoresis on 10% acrylamide
slab gel and specific products detected by ethid.ium staining.
A last round of screening on filter was carried out using BAC insert ends as
probes. In brief, the membrane was prehybridized 2h at 65°C in 5X SSC
5X
Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS and 10 mg/rnl of sonicated denatured salmon
sperm DNA, followed by hybridization with the BAC end probes overnight at
65°C in the same solution. The membrane was washed twice at 65°C
in
1XSSC/0.1 %SDS for 20 min and exposed to X-ray film. The size of each clone
was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
-~~T~-~=~~~:~-~i~21
WO 03/029283 ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721
27
By this approach, we have established a contig of 18 adjacent clones using
overlapping PCR assays derived from BAC end sequences and polymorphic
markers.
EXAMPLE 3
Library screening and cDNA isolation
To isolate the full-length g1 cDNA, we screened a C57BL/6 spleen cDNA mouse
library (Stratagene) by PCR. Takumi, T. and Lodish, H.F. BioTechniques,
17:443-444 (1994). This library was divided in 16 pools, each of which
contained
approximately 100,000 clones. PCR assays were conducted with gl forward 5'-
GGCGAGCTATCTGTTACAGTCC-3' and g1 reverse 5'-
TTACTGGCACAACGTGAGGTC-3' primers. PCR amplification conditions were
94°C, 5 min and 30 cycles (94°C, 1 min; 63°C,1 min;
72°C, 2 min) in 20mM Tris-
HCI, pH 8.4, 50mM KCI, 2mM MgCl2, 5% DMSO with 0.5mM dNTPs, 0.5pM
primers and 1 U Taq polymerase in 20p1 volume. The last step of screening
consisted of filter hybridization in the same conditions as described above.
The
cDNA was then sequenced (Thermosequenase, Amersham) and the protein
open reading frame deduced.
EXAMPLE 4
2D Expression analysis
Expression analysis of the g1 gene was carried out by both Northern blots and
RT-PCR analysis.
First we have isolated total RNAs from adult mouse whole brain, liver, spleen,
kidney, heart, thymus and testis tissues by a standard LiCI/Urea method as
3r-e~riously described. Vacher, J. and Tilghman, S.M. Science, 250:1732-1735
(1990). Total RNAs from osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) were isolated by TRlzol
' CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO03/029283 ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721'~~'~1~1
28
(Gibco BRL) as previously described. Rajapurohitam,V. et al. Bone, 28:513-
523 (2001 ).
For Northern analysis 15Ng of total RNA or 2pg of polyA+ RNA were
fractionated by 1.5% agarose/2.2M formaldehyde gel electrophoresis and .
transferred onto membrane. The membrane was prehybridized 2h at 65°C in
5X SSC, 5X Denhardt's solution; 0.5% SDS and 10 mg/ml sonicated denatured
salmon sperm DNA, and hybridized overnight at 65°C in the same solution
with
a radiolabelled 1.9kb g1 cDNA probe. The membrane was washed twice at
65°C in 2X SSC/0.1 % SDS for 20 min. and exposed to X-ray film.
For RT-PCR analysis, reverse transcription (Superscript II, Gibco BRL) of 1 pg
of RNA with oligo dT primer was conducted in 20mM Tris-HCI, pH 8.4, 50mM
KCI, 1.SmM MgCl2 with 0.5mM dNTPs, 0.5mM primers and 1 U Taq
polymerase in a 20p1 volume. PCR amplification conditions of 1 p1 of cDNA
were 94°C, 5 min and 30 cycles (94°C, 1 min; 60°C,1 min;
72°C, 2min). The g1
primers were: Forward 5'-CCTGCTTTGAGCATAACCTGC-3' and Reverse 5'-
TTACTGGCACAACGTGAGGTC-3' and for beta-actin control were Forward 5'-
TGACGATATCGCTGCGCTG-3' and Reverse 5'-
ACATGGCTGGGGTGTTGAAG-3'. PCR products were analyzed on 1
agarose gels and detected by ethidium bromide staining. Generation of BAC
transgenic mice and histologic analysis
EXA(~IPLE 5
_Generation of BAC transgenic mice and histologic analysis
Circular BAC DNA (1 nglpl) was injected into fertilized mouse oocytes isolated
from F1 (C3H x C57BL/6) x C57BL/6 crosses. Transgenic founders were
identified by PCR using specific BAC end sequence assay and internal
w polymorphic markers. Each founder was first crossed with heterozygote gi/~=
mice, and g1/+ transgenic progeny were intercrossed. The gl/gl transgenic mice
CA 02462143 2004-03-29 ~]('i-('J~P~~
. WO 03/029283 ~ ~ PCT/EP02/10721
29
were then identified by homozygosity at the polymorphic D~OMit184, x
D10Mit908 and D10Mit255 loci. Vacher, J and Bernard, H., Mammalian.
Genome,10, 239-243,1999.
Histology was done on bone samples fixed in 10% phosphate-buffered
formalin, decalcified in 14% ED'TA, and embedded in paraffin. Adjacent
sections (6pm) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
EXAMPLE 6
GI gene structure
Intron-exon boundaries were characterized following alignement of the
complete mouse cDNA sequence against mouse genomic sequences obtained
by BLAST searches from NCBI Genomic Survey Sequence (GSS) and NCBI
mouse Trace archive. Each intron-exon junction corresponds to the loss of
alignement between cDNA and genomic sequences (usually at splicing
consensus sites GT/AG).
Introns size was estimated by restriction mapping of genomic DNA, followed by
membrane transfer and Southern blot hybridization (conditions described
above) with various parts of the g! cDNA as probes.
Genomic DNA was prepared from tail biopsies as previously described. Laird,
P W et al. Nucl Ac Res 19:4293 (1994). After restriction digests (BamHl,
Bglll,
EcoRl), Southern blots were hybridized with g1 cDNA probes in the same
conditions as described above. The membrane was washed twice at 65°C in
1X SSC/0.1% SDS for 20 min. and exposed to X-ray film.
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EXAMPLE 7
Protein extracts GL Antibodies and Western blotting
OCLs were obtained by co-culturing one-day-old FVB/NJ calvarial osteoblasts
5 and spleen cells of either +/+ or gllgl mouse as previously described.
Rajapurohitam,V. et al., Bone, 28:513-523 (2001). Cultured OCLs were
washed twice with phosphate buffered saline and lysates were prepared in ice
cold cell lysis buffer (50 mM sodium pyrophosphate, 50 mM sodium fluoride,
50 mM NaCI, 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM sodium ortho vanadate, 10 mM
10 HEPES, 0.1 % Triton X-100, 0.05% NP-40) in the presence of protease
inhibitors. Lysates were sonicated for 30 sec, incubated on ice for 30 min and
centrifuged at 12,000 x g for 20 min at 4°C. Supernatants were
collected and
protein concentrations determined by Bradford assay using BSA as the
standard.
15 Rabbit polyclonal antibodies Ab1 and Ab2 were raised against multiple-
antigen
peptides MAP1: LHSEQKKRKLILPKR-MAP and MAP2 LNGLENKAEPETHLC-
MAP respectively. Protein extracts (25pg) were resolved on 12% SDS-PAGE
gels and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. Following transfer,
membranes were stained with Ponceau red to confirm uniform transfer and
20 proteins integrity. Membranes were incubated in 5% milk for 1 h and then
washed twice 10 min in Tris buffered saline Tween (TBS-T). Membranes were
probed with polyclonal antisera (Ab1, 1:100 dilution; Ab2, 1:100 dilution or
31kDa V-ATPase subunit, 1:500 dilution in TBS-T, 3% BSA) for 1 h at room
temperature. Membranes were washed twice 10 min in TBS=;-, incubated with
25 horseradish peroxidase-protein-A (HRP-A) secondary antibodies for 1 h at
room temperature. After TBS-T washing, the signal was revealed by the ECL
western blotting detection reagent (Amersham) and exposed on fiim.
' ~ CA 02462143 2004-03-29 ___ __
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31
EXAMPLE 8
In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence
In situ hybridization was done as described previously. Emerson et al. Dev.
Dynamics 195: 55-66, 1992. Bone samples were fixed in 10% phosphate-
buffered formalin, decalcified in 14% EDTA, and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin
was removed in xylenes and sections were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and
hybridized to a-S35UTP-labeled riboprobes overnight at 55°C. The g1
antisense riboprobe was generated by T7 polymerase transcription of the
0.5kb 3'UTR fragment cloned into Bluescript and linearized by Spel. The sense
riboprobe was generated by T3 transcription of the same template linearized
by Kpnl. Hybridized sections were dipped in K2 photographic emulsion,
exposed 2-3 weeks at 4°C, developped using D-19 developer and general
fixer
(Kodak) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Immunofluorescence was conducted on isolated wild-type osteoclasts
isolated from three-days old pups and cultured overnight on slides in a-
MEM with 10% fetal calf serum, in 5% C02. Slides were washed in
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and the cells were fixed in 4%
paraformaldehyde in PBS for 10 min. Samples were then incubated at room
temperature for 1 hr in PBS containing 0.1 %BSA, 0.05% saponin and 5%
normal goat serum to block non-specific binding, and subsequently for 1 hr
with G. primary antibody (1:50). Slides were then washed in PBS and
incubated with secondary AIexaFluor 488-conjugated goat anti-rabbit 1gG
antibodies (1:100; Molecular Probes) for 1hr in the dark. For Hoechst
staining, slides were incubated in 1:1500 dilution in water of a 0.5mglml
Hoechst 33258 at room temperature for 10 min. After washing with PBS,
samples were mounted in FIuorSave (Calbiochem) and cells were
visualized_b~y confoeal laser scanning microscopy (Axiophot, Zeiss).
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
'~' WO 03/029283 ~ ~ . CT/EP02/10721
~~ ~.f ~ ~-~.~E ~ ~~21
3z
Genomic structure of the mouse g1 aene
a : cDNA sequence was obtained trom clones isoiatea ay screening um
STRATAGENE and CLONETECH spleen libraries and comparing their
sequences to the corresponding ESTs from GenBank and Riken database.
b : nintron size was estimated from restriction mapping analysis.
c : Exon sequences are in uppercase letters, intron sequences are in
lowercase.
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
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-n..-~z~=E-a~21
33
Genomic structure of the human homologue of the mouse al gene
Exon/Intron
function
se~uences~
Exon Exon cDNAa _ s lice acce IntronIntronb
S lice donor to
No. Length Position No. Length (Kbp)
(bp)
1 493 1-493 GCGGGGgtggg TtacagAATACT 1 9.95
2 115 494-608 GTGCAAgtaagt TgacagATTGTT 2 9.597
3 98 609-706 CTTCAGgtattt TtttagGGGAAT 3 3.291
4 168 707-874 GATGCAgtaagt TtccagATGAAC 4 1.612
166 875-1040TTCTGCgtaagt AtctagCCAAAC 5 4.412
6 2023 1041-
3069
a : cDNA sequence was obtamea by aiignmg the mousy c;uwh 3~uuCmc aua~~ ~~~
the Genbank ESTs database.
b : Genomic sequence was obtained from the sequenced human PAC (RP1-
111 B22) at Sanger center (Acc No. : Z98200).
c : Exon sequences are in uppercase fetters, intron sequences are in
lowercase.
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SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> Aventis Pharma S.A
<120> genetic sequence related to bone diseases
<130> 11425-0408
<160> 4
<170> PatentIn version 3.0
<210> 1
<211> 2997
<212> DNA
<~13> Mus musculus
<220>
<221> CDS
<222> (45)..(1061)
<400> 1
gtcggaagca ccgggcgagc tatctgttac agtccggccc gggg atg get cgg gac 56
Met Ala Arg Asp
1
gcg gag ctg gcg cgc agt agc ggg tgg ccg tgg cgg tgg ctg ccg gcg 104
Ala Glu Leu Ala Rrg Ser Ser Gly Trp Pro Trp Arg Trp Leu Pro Ala
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
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10 15 ?0
ctg ctg ctg ctg cag ctg ctg cgg tgg agg tgc gcc ctg tgc gcg ctc 152
Leu Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Arg Trp Arg Cys Ala Leu Cys A1a Leu
25 30 35
ccc ttc acc agc agt cgg cac cca ggc ttt gcg gac ctg ctg tcg gag 200
Pro Phe Thr Ser Ser Arg His Pro G1y Phe A1a Asp Leu Leu Ser Glu
40 45 50
cag cag ctg ttg gag gtg cag gac ttg acc ctg tct ttg ctg cag ggc 248
Gln Gln Leu Leu Glu Val Gln Asp Leu Thr Leu Ser Leu Leu Gln G1y
55 60 65
gga ggt cta ggg ccg ctg tca ctg cta cct ccg gac ctg ccg gat ctg 296
Gly Gly Leu Gly Pro Leu Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro Asp Leu Pro Asp Leu
70 75 80
gagcct gag tgc cgg ctg ctg atg gac ttc agc agc gcc 344
gag gcc aat
GluPro Glu Cys Arg Leu Leu Met Asp Phe Ser Ser Ala a
Glu Ala Asn
85 90 95 100
gag ctg acc gcc tgt atg gtg cgc agc get cgg ccc gtg cgc ctc tgc 39~
Glu Leu Thr Ala Cys Met Val Arg Ser Ala Arg Pro Va1 Arg Leu Cys
105 110 115
cag acc tgc tac ccg ctc ttc caa cag gtc gca atc aag atg gac aac 440
Gln Thr Cys Tyr Pro Leu Phe Gln Gln Val Ala Ile Lys Met Asp Asn
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120 125 130
atc agc cga aac atc ggg aat acc tcc gag ggc ccg cgc tgt ggc gga 488
Ile Ser Arg Asn Ile Gly Asn Thr Ser G1u Gly Pro Rrg Cys Gly Gly
135 140 145
agt ctc ctg acg gca gac aga atg cag ata gtt ctc atg gtc tct gag 536
Ser Leu Leu Thr Ala Asp Arg Met Gln Ile Val Leu Met Val Ser Glu
150 155 160
ttt ttc aac agc acg tgg cag gag gcg aac tgc gca aat tgc cta aca 584
Phe Phe Asn Ser Thr Trp Gln Glu Ala Asn Cys Ala Asn Cys Leu Thr
165 170 175 180
aac aat ggt gag gat ttg tca aac aac aca gag gac ttc ctc agt ctg 632
Asn Asn Gly Glu Asp Leu 5er Asn Asn Thr Glu Asp Phe Leu Ser Leu
185 190 195
ttt aac aag act ttg gcc tgc ttt gag cat aac ctg cag ggg cac aca 680
Phe Asn Lys Thr Leu Ala Cys Phe Glu His Asn Leu Gln Gly His Thr
200 205 210
tac agt ctc ctc cca cca aaa aat tac tcc gaa gtg tgc aga aac tgt 728
Tyr Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro Lys Asn Tyr Ser Glu Val Cys Arg Asn Cys
215 220 225
aaa gag gca tat aaa aac ctg agc ctc ctg tac agt caa atg cag aaa 776
Lys Glu Rla Tyr Lys Asn Leu Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser Gln Met Gln Lys
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230 235 240
ctg aac ggg ctt gag aac aag get gag cct gag acg cac ttg tgc atc 824
Leu Asn Gly Leu Glu Asn Lys Ala Glu Pro Glu Thr His Leu Cys Ile
245 250 255 260
gat gtg gag gat gca atg aac att act cgg aag ctt tgg agt cga acc 872
Asp Val Glu Asp Rla Met Asn Ile Thr Arg Lys Leu Trp Ser Rrg Thr
265 270 275
ttc aac tgt tcg gtc acc tgc agc gac acg gtg tcc gtg gtt get gtg 920
Phe Asn Cys Ser Val Thr Cys Ser Asp Thr Val Ser Val Val Ala Val
280 285 290
tct gtg ttc att ctc ttc ctg cct gtc gtc ttc tac ctc agt agc ttc 968
Ser Val Phe Ile Leu Phe Leu Pro Val Val Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser Phe
295 300 305
ctt cac tca gag caa aag aaa cgc aaa ctc att cta ccc aaa cgt ctc 1016
Leu His Ser Glu Gln Lys Lys Arg Lys Leu Ile Leu Pro Lys Arg Leu
310 315 320
aag tcg agc acc agt ttt gcc aac att caa gaa aat gcc acc tga 1061
Lys Ser Ser Thr Ser Phe Rla Asn Ile Gln Glu Asn Ala Thr
325 330 335
agcctgcaaa acggggactc gacctcacgt tgtgccagta agtgttagac cacagcacag 1121
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
tcgagaagaa gatgagccaa ggtcggacaa.gttgcattct cacgaaatgt tggga~~tgca 1181
gacctataat ttattctgaa taagggttct caaattccct tttcctgagc accccttttt 1241
ttttttttga agatttctgt atttttagtt ttcaaacata gcaatgttac atattttaag 1301
gtatatctgt tacaataaca agtgagggct tttttctcag gcatatgaat gactactgga 1361
cacttctgat ttatcctcgt tagcagaagt acacaaagca gaaaaggctg aggtctgcta 1421
tttacacatt agtcactggg agcccactct gaaaaagaaa catacttgcc aaatggtagc 1481
aggctcagtg attaacttaa gtgaattccc attgtagtat tgttgtatgt atatacatac 1541
atgcacacac acacacatat atatatacac gtatacatag atgtatatat gtaatgtata 1601
cttaatatat catacattaa aataatgttc tctagttccc tgaagtccct tttgaaacca 1661
ctagttgatt ataaacctcc ttaacagttt tcagagagtg attccacatt atgcatttat 1721
ccttgttaaa ggtttacagt aactgaggtt ctaatatgac ttttataaat actattttac 1781
atcttatttt tgtctttatt tagtaagtaa tttataatca ctggactgct taattacctt 1841
tgaggacaag atggattcat cttatgccag ggatttgcat catgaatttc attaagttat 1901
ttggcaacct gtaacttgtt agtagttcaa gtcgaatgtc acccaagtgt gtcatactgt 1961
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
gtttaaattt gtgatttttt ttaatgaaaa ttttatcttg gaatatttgg agatttgggg 2021
'.
agaaacaagg acaaacacaa gagcttaaat ttcagaaaat agacagggac ctgagggatg 2081
ctcacggtga gacagctgcg tggtttacac tggagatgac tcggttgaca ggctcgcaca 2141
ggaagcctcc cagttacggg aaagatgaaa. gtcacatgac tgaaacgaaa ttacccatct 2201
cactgtcagg aaactagttc ttctttggca tatttctagc aacctttaaa accatgcttg 2261
tttcagtgtc actcagttgt atttctcaag atgtagaagt tgatggtttt gttggttaat 2321
ccggtggaaa cgggctttgt tgtaaaggta atgaatagga aactcctcag attcaatggt 2381
taagaaaatg tgactccctt cacaacctgt aattgcccta caggaaggca ggagtgtttg 2441
ggtatttttt gtatgtttcc cacatatgca gagtgtgaga gcaggctagt cttagtccca 2501
gagtgtgtca caccgggtat gtgacaatca gacgacgctg tgatccacta gatgtgccgg 2561
ggttcattgt gctgtcattg ttcctgtctt gatttgaagc acatggttga gggtcattgg 2621
aagccatctt catcagtaca tgtaaagctt atttacatgt gcaaagtgag tgaagtgaca 2681
tatttaaact gtgagtagcg actcctcggg tacctttcag tactgtgtgt acaaaccact 2741
gcttttggct aagaagctgg agagcacttt aacaagccag ccatctctgt tcctgatcag 2801
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
ggtctggctc tctagaggtt gcattagaaa tatatttgaa aatgtgccaa agaatttcat 2861
cttgtggtca tattaaaaaa atgtacatag ttctgaatcc tgaggcacat agggttatgt 2921
gtgtgcacaa gaaaacctgt tttttcctta tgctttacaa taaaggaaat aacaaggaaa 2981
aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 2997
<210> 2
<211> 338
<212> PRT
<213> Mus musculus
<400> 2
Met Ala Arg Asp Ala Glu Leu Ala Rrg Ser Ser Gly Trp Pro Trp Arg
1 5 10 15
Trp Leu Pro Ala Leu Leu Leu Leu Gln Leu Leu Arg Trp Arg Cys Ala
20 25 30
Leu Cys Rla Leu Pro Phe Thr Ser Ser Arg His Pro Gly Phe Ala Asp
35 40 45
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
Leu Leu Ser GIu Gln Gln Leu Leu Glu Val Gln Asp Leu Thr Leu Ser
50 55 ~ ~ 60
Leu Leu Gln Gly Gly Gly Leu Gly Pro Leu Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro Asp
65 70 75 80
Leu Pro Asp Leu Glu Pro Glu Cys Arg Glu Leu Leu Met Asp Phe A7_a
85 90 95
Asn Ser Ser Ala Glu Leu Thr Ala Cys Met Val Arg 5er Ala Arg Pro
100 105 110
Val Arg Leu Cys GIn Thr Cys Tyr Pro Leu Phe Gln Gln Val Ala Ile
115 120 125
Lys Met Asp Asn Ile Ser Arg Asn Ile Gly Rsn Thr Ser Glu Gly Pro
130 135 140
Arg Cys Gly Gly Ser Leu Leu Thr Ala Asp Arg Met Gln Ile Val Leu
145 150 155 160
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
Met Val Ser Glu Phe Phe Asn Ser Thr Trp Gln Glu Ala Asn Cys Ala
165 170 175
Asn Cys Leu Thr Asn Asn Gly Glu Asp Leu Ser Asn Asn Thr Glu Asp
180 185 190
Phe Leu Ser Leu Phe Asn Lys Thr Leu Ala Cys Phe Glu Hi.s Asn Leu
195 200 205
Gln Gly His Thr Tyr Ser Leu Leu Pro Pro Lys Asn Tyr Ser Glu Val
210 215 220
Cys Arg Asn Cys Lys Glu Ala Tyr Lys Asn Leu Ser Leu Leu Tyr Ser
225 230 235 240
Gln Met Gln Lys Leu Asn Gly Leu Glu Rsn Lys Ala Glu Pro Glu Thr
245 250 255
His Leu Cys Ile Asp Val Glu Asp Ala Met Asn Ile Thr Arg Lys Leu
260 265 270
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
Trp Ser Arg Thr Phe Asn Cys Ser Val Thr Cys Ser Asp Thr Val Ser
275 280 '. 285
Val Val Ala Val Ser Val Phe Ile Leu Phe Leu Pro Val Val Phe Tyr
290 295 300
Leu Ser Ser Phe Leu His Ser Glu Gln Lys Lys Arg Lys Leu Ile Leu
305 310 315 320
Pro Lys Arg Leu Lys Ser Ser Thr Ser Phe Ala Rsn Ile Gln Glu Asn
325 330 335
Ala Thr
<210>3
<211>3082
<212>DNA
<213>Homo Sapiens
<220>
<221>CDS
<222>(92)..(1096)
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
<400> 3
cgctcgcgga aaccggaagc ggcggctgtc cgcggtgccg gctgggggcg gagaggcggc 60
ggtgggctcc ctggggtgtg tgagcccggt g atg gag ccg ggc ccg aca gcc 112
Met Glu Pro Gly Pro Thr Ala
1 5
gcg cag cgg agg tgt tcg ttg ccg ccg tgg ctg ccg ctg ggg ctg at.g 160
Ala Gln Arg Arg Cys Ser Leu Pro Pro Trp Leu Pro Leu Gly Leu Leu
15 20
ctg tgg tcg ggg ctg gcc ctg ggc gcg ctc ccc ttc ggc agc agt ccg 208
Leu Trp Ser Gly Leu Rla Leu Gly Ala Leu Pro Phe Gly Ser Ser Pro
25 30 35
cac agg gtc ttc cac gac ctc ctg tcg gag cag cag ttg ctg gag gtg 256
His Arg Val Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser Glu Gln Gln Leu Leu Glu Val
40 45 50 55
gag gac ttg tcc ctg tcc ctc ctg cag ggt gga ggg ctg ggg cct ctg 304
Glu Asp Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Leu Gln Gly Gly Gly Leu G1y Pro Leu
60 65 70
tcg ctg ccc ccg gac ctg ccg gat ctg gat cct gag tgc cgg gag ctc 352
Ser Leu Pro Pro Asp Leu Pro Asp Leu Rsp Pro Glu Cys Arg Glu Leu
75 80 85
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
ctg ctg gac ttc gcc aac agc agc gca gag ctg aca ggg tgt ctg gtg 400
Leu Leu Asp Phe A1a Asn Ser Ser Ala'Glu Leu Thr Gly Cys Leu Val
90 95 100
cgc agc gcc cgg ccc gtg cgc ctc tgt cag acc tgc tac ccc ctc ttc 448
Arg Ser Ala Arg Pro Val Arg Leu Cys Gln Thr Cys Tyr Pro Leu Phe
105 110 115
caa cag gtc gtc agc aag atg gac aac atc agc cga gcc gcg ggg aat 496
Gln Gln Val Val Ser Lys Met Asp Asn Ile Ser Arg Ala Ala Gly Asn
120 125 130 135
act tca gag agt cag agt tgt gcc aga agt ctc tta atg gca gat aga 544
Thr Ser Glu Ser Gln Ser Cys Ala Arg Ser Leu Leu Met Ala Asp Arg
140 145 150
atg caa ata gtt gtg att ctc tca gaa ttt ttt aat acc aca tgg cag 592
Met Gln Ile Val Val Ile Leu Ser Glu Phe Phe Asn Thr Thr Trp Gln
155 160 165
gag gca aat tgt gca aat tgt tta aca aac aac agt gaa gaa tta tca 640
Glu Ala Asn Cys Ala Asn Cys Leu Thr Asn Asn Ser Glu Glu Leu Ser
170 175 180
aac agc aca gta tat ttc ctt aat cta ttt aat cac acc ctg acc tgc 688
Asn Ser Thr Val Tyr Phe Leu Asn Leu Phe Asn His Thr Leu Thr Cys
185 190 195
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
ttt gaa cat aac ctt cag ggg aat gca cat agt ctt tta cag aca aaa 736
Phe Glu His Asn Leu Gln Gly Asn Ala His Ser Leu Leu Gln Thr Lys
200 205 210 215
aat tat tca gaa gta tgc aaa aac tgc cgt gaa gca tac aaa a.ct ctg 784
Asn Tyr Ser Glu Val Cys Lys Asn Cys Arg Glu A1a Tyr Lys Thr Leu
220 225 230
agt agt ctg tac agt gaa atg caa aaa atg aat gaa ctt gag aat aag 832
Ser Ser Leu Tyr Ser Glu Met Gln Lys Met Asn Glu Leu Glu Asn Lys
235 240 245
get gaa cct gga aca cat tta tgc att gat gtg gaa gat gca atg aac 880
Ala Glu Pro Gly Thr His Leu Cys Ile Asp Val Glu Asp Ala Met Asn
250 255 260
atc act cga aaa cta tgg agt cga act ttc aac tgt tca gtc cct tgc 928
Ile Thr Arg Lys Leu Trp Ser Arg Thr Phe Asn Cys Ser Val Pro Cys
265 270 275
agt gac aca gtg cct gta att get gtt tct gtg ttc att ctc ttt cta 976
Ser Asp Thr Val Pro Val Ile Ala Val 5er Val Phe Ile Leu Phe Leu
280 285 290 295
cct gtt gtc ttc tac ctt agt agc ttt ctt cac tca gag caa aag aaa 1024
Pro Val Val Phe Tyr Leu Ser Ser Phe Leu His Ser Glu Gln Lys Lys
300 305 310
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
cgc aaa ctc att ctg ccc aaa cgt ctc aag tcc agt acc agt ttt gca 1072
Arg Lys Leu Ile Leu Pro Lys Arg Leu'Lys Ser Ser Thr Ser Phe Ala
315 320 325
aat att cag gaa aat tca aac tga gacctacaaa atggagaatt gacatatcac 1126
Asn Ile Gln Glu Rsn Ser Asn
330
gtgaatgaat ggtggaagac acaacttggt ttcagaaaga agataaactg tgatttgaca 1186
agtcaagctc ttaagaaata caaggacttc agatccattt ttaaataaga attttcgatt 1246
tttctttcct tttccacttc tttctaacag atttggatat ttttaatttc caggcatagc 1306
aatgttatct attttaatgt gtatttgtca caataacaga acatgcaaga acaatcatta 1366
ttttatttta taggcatttg attactattc tagacttctg gtatcttctt actaacataa 1426
atatctcaag tagaaaagtt tttgaaaact aacatttaaa aattaatcag ttacagtaaa 1486
gactttgaaa aagaaatgta cttgttagga agtagcttaa ttacccccca ttgcagtatt 1546
attgttatat atatagttaa tatgttgtac atcacaataa tatataattc agtctctagt 1606
ttccctagag tcatttttga aaccactgat tgcaaacctc cctgacaatt tttaaaagta 1666
gtaagccaca ttacatttat ctttgtaaaa agatttatgg taactggttt cttacttgac 1726
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
ttttataaat agtattttac atcttatttt tgcctttatt tcataagtaa tttaaaaatc 1786
actggattgc tttattatat tcagggcaat atggattatt tttataccaa ggatttgcat 1846
cgtgaattac attaagttat ttggcaattt ataatttatt actactttaa atcaaatgta 1906
gcattatcac actgtattta aattgtcatt ttttaaagga atattttctt cttaagatat 1966
atagaggatt ttggagaaga gagacaggag gggtaaaacc agcttaaggt tcagcgagca 2026
gaaagggacc tgagaggatg ctcactgtaa gactgttgga cagtggtgtg tattgagggg 2086
atgaatcgga acgatagtct catgcagaaa atagtgagat taagatcatc cttattgttt 2146
ctaaattatt tcaatcagat gaaagtgata cgattgaaat gaaatcacat agttcgtgct 2206
cagaaattct attttggtat gtttgtatta gcctttagaa aaaacactcc gtttcagaat 2266
tgttcacagt tttatttctt aggtttttag agttcaggat. ttcatttatt aatttcttct 2326
tgcttttttg gtggaaatag gctttgttgt aaacattaag aatataaaat ctcctctata 2386
tagaaacaag aattttgtta aaaagagaat ttgaatccct tcctatacta taaaatgctc 2446
tatagggaga caaagtgttt cttttttctt ttatgtttac tgtttatgtg gagtgaaata 2506
taaggctctt ggatgtataa catactcaaa agctgttaca ctttctctga tctgctgtga 2566
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
tccactgaaa atgtgctggg gtttgttctg ctgtcactgt ttatgctgct ggaacttagc 2626
actgtcttga tttgaagcat atgattgaga gccatttgaa gcaatcttca ttaatgcaga 2686
taaaacaagt ttacatgtgc agagttagaa aatgacatgt tcaattctgt aagtggtgac 2746
tttttgagca cctttcagta ttatgtattt gtaaaaacca ttgtttttgg atataaagct 2806
aataagcact ttaaaaagga aaaggcagcc tttactattt tttctggttg agtcattgct 2866
ctttagacct agcatcagca atagatttca aagataagta ttaagcgcta ccctaaagtg 2926
tgtaagtttt tcattttgtc atattgaaaa atgatttgca tagtactgaa tgttgacaca 2986
cagcttatat gtatttacaa gaatatcttt aagtgttttt ttgacacatt aaaataaagg 3046
aaataaggaa attgtaaaaa aaaaaaaaaa aaaaaa 3082
<210> 4
<211> 334
<212> PRT
<213> Homo sapiens
<400> 4
Met Glu Pro Gly Pro Thr Ala Ala Gln Arg Arg Cys Ser Zeu Pro Pro
1 5 10 15
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
Trp Leu Pro Leu Gly Leu Leu Leu Trp Ser Gly Leu Ala Leu Gly Ala
20 25 30
Leu Pro Phe Gly Ser Ser Fro His Arg Val Phe His Asp Leu Leu Ser
35 4U 45
Glu Gln Gln Leu Leu Glu Val Glu Asp Leu Ser Leu Ser Leu Leu Gln
50 55 60
Gly Gly Gly Leu Gly Pro Leu Ser Leu Pro Pro Asp Leu Pro Asp Leu
65 70 75 80
Asp Pro Glu Cys Rrg Glu Leu Leu Leu Asp Phe Rla Asn Ser 5er Ala
85 90 95
Glu Leu Thr Gly Cys Leu Val Arg Ser Ala Arg Pro Val Arg Leu Cys
100 105 110
Gln Thr Cys Tyr Pro Leu Phe Gln Gln Val Val Ser Lys Met Asp Asn
115 120 125
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
WO 03/029283 PCT/EP02/10721
Ile Ser Arg Rla Ala Gly Asn Thr Ser Glu Ser Gln Ser Cys Ala Rrg
130 135 140
Ser Leu Leu Met Rla Asp Arg Met-Gln Ile Val Val Ile Leu Ser Glu
145 150 155 160
Phe Phe Asn Thr Thr Trp Gln Glu Rla Asn Cys Ala Asn Cys Leu Thr
165 170 175
Asn Asn Ser Glu Glu Leu Ser Asn Ser Thr Val Tyr Phe Leu Asn Leu
180 185 190
Phe Rsn His Thr Leu Thr Cys Phe Glu His Asn Leu Gln Gly Asn A1a
195 200 205
His Ser Leu Leu Gln Thr Lys Asn Tyr Ser Glu Val Cys Lys Asn Cys
210 215 220
Arg Glu.Ala Tyr Lys Thr Leu Ser Ser Leu Tyr Ser Glu Met Gln Lys
225 230 235 240
CA 02462143 2004-03-29
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Met Rsn Glu Leu Glu Asn Lys Ala Glu Pro Gly Thr His Leu Cys Ile
245 250 255
Asp Val Glu Asp Ala Met Asn Ile Thr Arg Lys Leu Trp 5er Rrg Thr
260 265 270
Phe Asn Cys Ser Val Pro Cys Ser Asp Thr Val Pro Val Ile Ala Val
275 280 285
Ser Val Phe Ile Leu Phe Leu Pro Val Val Phe Tyr Leu Ser Sex Phe
290 295 300
Leu His Ser Glu Gln Lys Lys Arg Lys Leu Ile Leu Pro Lys Arg Leu
305 310 315 320
Lys Ser Ser Thr Ser Phe Ala Asn Ile Gln Glu Asn Ser Asn
325 330
