Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
1
METHOD OF ASSEMBLING O!t i1'tEPLACING A BLADE ARRANGEMENT OF A _
REFINER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
~0001~ The invention relates to a method of assembling a blade ar
rangement of a disk miner, the refiner comprising a frame, a refiner chamber
inside the frame, and an assembly opening Ivcated above the refiner chamber
in th~ frame of the refiner and coverable with a cover, the refiner chamber
oomprisfng a stator plate arranged non-rotatable In connection with the frame
of the refiner and constituting the frame of a stator of the refiner and/or a
rotor
plate awanged rotatable in connection with the frame of the refiner and consti-
tuting the frame of a rotor of the refiner, blade segments assembled adjacent
to each other and constituting a circular refiner surface of the stator and/or
or
the rotor being adaptable in connection with said stator plate and/or rotor
plate,
and in which method said refiner surface is being provided in connection with
the stator plate and/or rotor plate of the refiner from said blade segments.
[0002) The invention also relates to a second method of assembling
a blade arrangement of a disk refiner, the refiner comprising a frame, a
refiner
chamber inside the frame, and an assembly opening located above the refiner
chamber in the frame of the refiner and coverable with a cover, the refiner
chamber comprising a stator plate arranged non-rotatable in connection with
the frame of the refin~r and constituting the frame of a stator of the refiner
and/or a rotor plate arranged rotatable in connection with the frame of the re-
finer and constituting the frame of a rotor of the refiner, blade segments as-
sembled adjacent to each other and constituting a circular refiner surface of
the stator and/or rotor being adaptable in connection with said stator plate
and/or rotor plate, and In which method said refiner surface is b~ing provided
in connection with the stator plate and/or rotor plate of the refiner from
said
blade segments.
[0043 The invention further relates to a third method of assembling
a blade arrangement of a disk refiner, the refiiner comprising a frame, a
refiner
chamber inside the frame, and an assembly opening located above the refiner
chamber in the frame of the refiner and coverable with a cover, the refiner
chamber comprising a stator plate arranged non-rotatable in connection with
the frame of the refiner and constituting the frame of a stator of the refiner
and/or a rotor plate arranged rotatabie in connection with the frame of the re-
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
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finer and constituting th~ frame of a rotor of the refiner, blade segments as-
sembled adjacent to each other and constituting a circular refiner surface of
the stator andlor rotor being adaptable in connection with said stator plate
and/or rotor plate, and in which method said refiner surtace is being provided
in connection with the stator plate and/or rotor plate of the refiner from
said
blade segments.
j0004j The invention also relates fio a blade segment for a refiner
surface of a disk refiner intended for refining lignocellulosic material, the
refiner
comprising at least two refiner surfaces rotating coaxlally relative to each
other,
the blade segment being arranged to constitute part of an outer edge of the
refiner surtace of a stator or a rotor in connection with a stator plate or a
rotor
plate of the refiner, and the blade segment comprising ridges constituting a
blade part and between them grooves, and the blade segment comprising an
inner edge to be aligned in the direction of a centre of the rrefiner surtace,
an
outer edge to be aligned in the direction of the perimeter of the refiner
surtace.
end a first side edge and a second side edge that connect the inner edge and
outer edge of the segment.
(0005 The invention further relates to a refiner surface for a disk re-
finer intended for refining lignocellulosic material, the refiner comprising
at
least two refiner surfaces rotating coaxially relative to each other, the
refiner
surface comprising blade segments assembled adjacent to each other.
[OOOS~ The invention also relates to a disk refiner comprising a sta-
tor plate constituting a frame of a stator of the rofiner and a blade disk
that is
arranged in connection with the stator plate and to which blade segments con-
stituting a refiner surface are fastened.
j0007] The invention further relates to a blade disk adaptable in
connection with a stator plate and/or rotor plate of a disk refiner, blade seg-
ments constituting a refiner surface for the refiner being adaptable in connec-
tion with said blade disk.
j0008~ Refiners are employed in the production process of paper
stock for refining lignvcellulosic material. The refiners comprise a frame,
the
inside of which is provided with a refiner chamber having a substantially
round
cross-section. Depending on the refiiner type, one or more fixed refiner
plates
arranged fixedly, i.e. in a non-rotating manner, in the frame of the refiner,
i.e. a
stator plate, and one or more rotating refiner plates, rotatable via a driving
shaft, i_e. a rotor plate, are placed in the refiner chamber. In disk
refiners,
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blades or a blade arrangement, arranged as a substantially circular disk and
constituting tha refiner surfaces of tha stator and the rotor, are Arranged in
connection with both the stator plate and the rotor plate, the surfaces
reflntng
the Ilgnocellulosic material fed between them. The blades or blade arrange-
ment are typically composed of adjacent blade segments, fixedly assembled to
each other and fastened to the stator and rotor plates. Thus, the stator plate
constitutes the frame of the stator, the rotor plate thus constituting the
frame of
the rotor. The frame of the refiner, above the refiner chamber, is provided
with
an assembly opening, closed with a cover during the use of the refiner, via
which opening assembly and maintenance wortc associated with both the sta-
tor and the ratvr can be pertormed.
[0009] In refiner reproductions associated with the modernizatlons
of paper, paperboarci and pulp productron processes aiming at the improve-
ment of the efficiency of the production process, attempts are made to modern-
ize an old refiner to increase the performance of the refiner. Generally, the
per-
formance of a refiner can be increased by assembling such a stator and rotor
in the refiner chamber of the refiner that have refiner surtaces with larger
di-
ameters. In old refiners to be modernized, this is possible because in
practice
the diameters of the refner chambers of old refiners are dimensioned
distinctly
larger than is the diameter of the refiner surfaces of the stators and rotors
con-
ventionally employed therein. The problem in arranging refiner surfaces having
a larger diameter than previously in connection with the stators and rotors of
the refiner chambers of old refiners is that the diameter of the assembly open-
ing above the refiner chamber is so small that refiner surfaces.having a
larger
diameters than previously do not fit to be lowered through said assembly open-
ing into the refiner chamber.
BRIEF DESGRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The object of the present invention is to provide a new type
of solution for assembling the blade arrangement of a refiner.
~o011j The method according to the invention for assembling a
blade arrangement is characterized by providing the refiner surface from the
blade segments by assembling blade segments into a blade disk to be ar-
ranged in connection with the stator plate or the rotor plate without
assembling
at least part of the blade segments constituting the outer edge of the refiner
surtace into the blade disk in such a manner that a dimension of the diameter
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of the refiner surface is smaller than the diameter of the assembly op~ning in
the frame of the refiner at least at some point of the refiner surtace,
lowering
said blade disk and the refiner surface therein into the refiner chamber
through
the assembly opening in a position wherein points corresponding to said di-
mension of the diameter on opposite sides of the refiner surface are lowered
through the assembly opening substantially simultaneously, and fastening the
blade disk in connection with the stator plate or the rotor plate.
[0012'] The second method according to the invention for assem-
bling a blade arrangement is further characterized by providing the refiner
sur
face from blade segments by assembling blade segments into a blade disk to
be arranged in connection with the stator plate or the rotor plate in such a
man-
ner that at least one blade segment to be arranged in the outer edge of the
refiner surface is cut otf in a dinsction facing the radial direction of the
refiner
surface in such manner that a dimension of the diameter of the refiner surface
passing via a Centre of the refiner surface and said blade segment is smaller
than the diameter of the assembly opening, lowering the blade disk and the
refiner surface therein through the assembly opening into the refner chamber
in a position wherein points corresponding to said dimension of the diameter
of
the refiner surface on opposite sid~s of the refiner surface are lowered
through
the assembly opening into the refiner chamber substantially simultaneously,
and fastening the blade disk In connection with the stator plate or the rotor
plate.
[0013] The third method according to the invention is further charac-
terized by providing the refiner surface from the blade segments by assembling
blade segments into a blade disk to be arranged in connection with the stator
plate or the rotor plate, the blade disk oornprising at least two
interconnected
blade disk blocks, moving the blade disk blocks relative to each other in such
a
manner that a dimension of the diameter of the refiner surtace is smaller than
. the diameter of the assembly opening in the frame of the refiner at least at
some point of the refiner surface, lowering said blade disk blocks and the re-
finer surface therein into the refiner chamber through the assembly opening in
a position wherein points corresponding to Bald dimension of the diameter on
opposite sides of the refiner surface are towered through the assembly open-
ing substantially simultaneously, fastening the first blade disk block lowered
into the refiner chamber in connection with the stator plate or the rotor
plate,
moving the unfastened blade disk block relative to the blade disk block fas-
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tened to the stator plate or the rotor plate in such manner that the blade
disk
blocks settle in an opposite posittvn relative to each other, and fastening
the
latter blade disk block lowered into the refiner chamber in connection with
the
stator plate or the rotor plate.
[0014) The blade segment of the invention is characterized in that
the outer edge of the blade segment connecting an end of the first side edge
of
the blade segment on the side of the outer edge of the blade segment and an
end of the second side edge of the blade segment on the side of the outer
edge of the blade segment is substarritally straight.
(4015 The refiner surface of the invention is characterized in that
an outer edge of the refiner surtace comprises at least one blade segment as
claimed in claim 16.
[0016 The disk refiner of the invention is characterized in that the
blade disk comprises a first ring of revolution and a second ring of
revolution
arranged around the first ring of revolution in such a manner that the blade
disk
is rotatable relative to the stator piste, the first ring of revolution
resting on the
second ring of revolution.
[001Tj The blade disk of the invention is characterized in that the
blade disk comprises at least two interconnected blade disk blocks, the blade
disk blocks being movable relative to each other without the blade disk blocks
being detached from each other.
[0016] According to an essential idea of the invention, the refiner
surtace is provided in connection with the stator plate andlor rotor plate of
the
refiner from the blade segments in a refiner comprising a frame, a refiner
chamber inside the frame, and an assembly opening coverable with a cover
above the refiner chamber in the frame of the definer, the refiner chamber fur-
ther comprising a stator plate constituting the frame of the stator of the
refiner
and arranged non-rotatable in connection with the frame of the refiner and/or
a
rotor plate constituting the frame of the rotor of the refiner and arranged ro-
tatable in connection with the frame of the refiner, blade segments to be as-
sembled adjacent to each other and constituting the circular refiner surtace
of
the stator and/or the rotor. Furthermore, according to an essential idea, the
refiner surface or a refiner surface block is provided in such a manner that
the
dimension of the diameter of the refiner surface or the refiner surface block
is
smaller than the diameter of the assembly opening in the frame of the refiner
at
least at some point of the refiner surtace or the refiner surtace block, said
re-
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finer surface or refiner surface block is lowered into the refiner chamber
through the assembly opening in a position wherein the points corresponding
to said dimension of the diameter on opposite sides of the refiner surtace ar
the refiner surface block are lowered through the assembly opening substan-
tially simultaneously, and the refiner surface or the refiner surtace block is
fas-
tened in connection with the stator plate or the rotor plate. According to an
em-
bodiment of the invention, when blade segments constituting the outer edge of
the refiner surface are assembled In the blade disk adaptable in connection
with the stator or rotor plate, at least one blade segment is not assembled in
the blade disk before the blade disk is lowered into the refiner chamber, and
the missing blade segment or missing blade segments are assembled in the
blade disk when the blade disk is in the refin~r chamber. According to another
embodiment of the invention, when the blade segments constituting the outer
edge of the refiner surface are arranged in the blade disk to be arranged in
connection with the stator or rotor plate, at least one blade segment cut off
in a
direction facing the radial direction of the refiner surface 1s arranged in
the
outer edge of the refiner surface.
[0019 Thanks to the solution of the invention, the pertvrmance of a
refiner can be easily increased by increas(ng the refiner surtaces of the
stator
and the rotor, since the solution allows easy placement of refiner surfaces
lar-
ger then previously into the refiiner chamber Inside the frame of the refiner,
wherein the dimension of the largest diameter of the refiner surface may be
larger than the diameter of the assembly opening above the refiner chamber of
the refiner. L~avfng et least one blade segment unassembled before the blade
disk is lowered into the refiner chamber and completing the refiner surface by
assembling the missing blade segment in the blade disk lowered into the r~e-
finer chamber enables an easy assembly of a complete refiner surtace that is
larger than previously into the refiner. If at least one cut-off ,blade
segment is
employed in the refiner surtace, the entire refiner surface can be created be-
fore the blade disk Is lowered into the refiner chamber.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0020] The invention will be described in more detail in the attached
drawings, in which
Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a refiner in section,
Figure 2 is a schematic view of a refiner according to f=igure 1 seen
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in the direction of the nafiner surface of Its stator,
Figure 3 is a schematic side view of a blade disk in section,
Figure 4 schematically shows a detail of the blade disk of Figure 3,
Figure 5 is a schematic side view of another blade disk In section,
Figure 8 schematically shows a detail of the blade disk of Figure 5,
Figures 7 and 8 are schematic side views of a third and fourth blade
disk in section,
Figure 9 schematically shows another refiner seen in the direction of
the refiner surtace of its stator in section,
Figure 10 schematically shows a blade segment employed in a re-
finer according to Figure 9 seen in the dlrecfion of the refiner surface of
the
blade segment,
Figures 11 and 12 schematically show a third refiner seen in the di-
rection of the refiner surface of its stator in section,
Figure 13 schematically shows a fourth refiner seen in the direction
of the refiner surface of its stator in section,
Figure 14 schematically shows a fifth refiner seen in the direction of
the refiner surface of its stator in section,
Figure 15 schematically shows an assembly piece seen in the direo-
tion of the refiner surface of a blade segment; and
Figure 16 schematically shows another assembly piece seen in the
direction of the refiner surface of a blade segment,
Figures 17 to 21 schematically show a sixth refiner seen in the di-
rection of the rofiner surface of its stator in section,
Figures 22 to 26 schematically show a seventh refiner seen in the
direction of the raflner surface of its stator in section, and
Figures 27 to 29 schemafically show an eight refiner seen in the di-
rection of the refiner surtace of its stator in section.
[0021] For the sake of clarity, the figures show the invention in a
simplified manner. In the figures, like parts are denoted with the same refer-
ence numerals.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
j0022] Figure 1 is a schematic side view in section of a disk refiner
1. Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of the refiner of Figure 1 seen in
the
direction of the refiner surface of the stator of the refiner 1. The refiner 1
com-
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prises a flame 2, inside which is a refiner chamber 3. The refiner chamber 3
comprises two refinor plates, a first refiner plate 4 and a second refiner
plate 5.
The first refiner plate 4 comprises a first refiner surface 8 and the second
re-
finer plate 5 comprises a second refiner surtaoe 7. The refiner plates 4 and 5
and refiner surfaces 6 and 7 provided therein are arranged coaxially relative
to
each other, The refiner plate 5 is arranged fixed, i.e. non-rotatable,
relative to
the frame 2 of the refiner 1, the refiner plate 5, i.e. the stator plate 5,
and the
refiner surface 7 provided therein constituting the stator of the refiner 1.
The
refiner plate 4 i8 arranged rotetable relative to the frame 2 of the refiner 1
via a
shaft 8, the refiner plate 4, i.e. the rotor plate 4, and the nsfiner surtace
6 pro-
vided therein conatltuting the rotor of the refiner 1. The shaft 8 is rotated
driven
by a motor, not shown in the figures, arranged inside yr outside of th~ frame
2
of the refiner 1. A bading device, not shown in the figures, may also be ar-
ranged in connection with the ahal~ 8, the loading device being coupled to act
on the tutor via the shaft 8 in a manner allowing the rotor to be pushed
towards
the stator for adjusting the gap between them. The lignocellufosic material to
be defibered or refined, such as wood chips, for example, is fed between the
refiner surfaces 6 and 7 through an opening 9 in the centre of the stator. The
refiner surtaces fi and 7 of the rotor and stator, the surfaces being
substantially
circular, are composed of a plurality of adjacent blade segments 10 assembled
attached to each other. The surface of the blade segments 10 directed out-
wards from the stator and the rotor is provided with ridges and grooves be-
tween them, which constitute the actual blade part causing the refining or
defi-
bering of the actual material to be refined or defibEred. "The refiner shown
in
Figures 1 and 2 is thus a disk refiner whose structure and operation are known
per se to a person skilled in the art and are not dealt with herein in detail.
[0023] Above the refiner chamber 3, the frame 2 of the refiner 1 fur-
ther comprises an assembly opening 12 oover8d with a cover 11 fastened to
the frame 2 during use of the refiner 1, through which opening maintenance
work can be canied out inside the refiner 1 and through which parts inside the
refiner 1 can be replaced. Figure 2 shows clearly how the dimension A of the
diameter of the assembly opening 12 defined by inner edges 25 and 25' of the
assembly opening 12 is smaller than the largest diameter of the refiner cham-
ber 3 passing horizontally at the centre of the stator 5. in connection with
mod-
ernizations of refiners, the smallness of the diameter A of the assembly open-
ing 12 relative to the largest diameter of the refiner chamber 3 has
convention-
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
9
ally prevented the assembly of a refiner surface larger than previously having
a
largest diameter larger than the diameter A of the assembly opening 12 in
connecfron with the stator or the rotor.
[0024 Figure 1 and 2 show a solution for the assembly of a refiner
surface having a diameter larger than the diameter A of the assembly opening
12 in connection with the stator of the refiner 1. According .to the solution,
be-
fore the refiner surface 7 of the stator is lowered into the refiner chamber 3
and
fastened to the n~finer plate 5 constituting the frame of the stator, the
blade
segments 10 constituting the refiner surface are assembled In connection with
a special blade disk 13 schematically shown In Figure 1 in such a manner that
a refiner surface intended to have a substantially circular shape is provided
of
the blade segments. However, in the solution shown in Figures 1 and 2,
wherein the blade disk 13 and the blade segments 10 therein are shown low-
ered into the refiiner chamber 3 and fastened to the refiner plate 5 of the
stator,
two blade segments are left unassembled in the blade disk before the blade
disk 13 is towered through the assembly opening 12 into the refiner chamber 3.
In the solution shown in Figure 2, the blade segments 10 are left unassembled
relative to the centre O of the refiner surface 7 at points 14 and 14' on the
opposite outer edges of the refiner surtace 7. At this point, the dimension B
of
the diameter of the refiner surfaca3 passing thmugh the centre O of the
refiner
surface 7 is smaller than the dimension A of the diameter of the ass~mbly
opening 12. This being so, the blade disk 13 and the refiner surface 7
therein,
the dimension of the Largest diameter of which is larger than the dimension A
of the diameter of the assembly opening 12, frts to be lowered through the
assembly opening 12 into the refiner chamber 3 when the blade disk 13 and
the refiner suri'a~ 7 therein are lowered through the assembly opening 12 into
the refiner chamber 3 in such a position wherein the points 14 and 14' on
opposite sides of the refiner surface 7, at which points no blade segments 10
are assembled, are lowered substantially simultaneously through the assembly
opening 12. Typically, the attempt is to lower the blade disk 13 and the
refiner
surface 7 therein through the assembly opening 12 in a substantially vertical
position. [0025 After the blade disk 13 and the refiner surface 7 therein are
lowered into the refiner chamber 3, the blade disk is fastened to the refiner
plate 5 of the stator in a manner allowing the blade disk 13 to rotate
relative to
the refiner plate 5. Seen in Figure 2, the blade disk 13 is then rotated for
in-
stance clockwise about 90 degrees, whereby the point 14 shown in Figure 2
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1~
anlves at the assembly opening 12, allowing the missing blade segment to be
assembled in point 14 through the assembly opening 12. Sean in Figure 2, the
blade disk 13 is then n~tat~i for instance about 180 degrees anticlockwise,
whereby the point 14' shown in Figure 2 arrives at the assembly opening 12,
allowing the missing blade segment to be assembled in point 14' through the
assembly opening 12. The refiner surface 7 is then integral, allowing the
blade
disk 13 to be locked Immobile relative to the refiner plate 5 constituting the
frame of the stator, whereby the stator is ready for use.
(0026] In the same way as relative to the stator, a refiner surface
having a larger diameter than the diameter A of the assembly opening 12 may
also be arranged in the rotor of the refiner '( . In the case of the rotor,
being low-
ered into the refiner chamber 3, if desired, the blade disk 13 may be locked
immobile relative to the refiner plate 4 constituting the frame of the rotor.
In this
case, after the lowering of the blade disk 13 into the refiner chamber, the
blade
segments 10 missing at points 14 and 14' can be assembled through the as-
sembly opening 12 by att~mately turning points 14 and 14' to the point of the
assembly opening 12 instead of rotating the blade disk 13 by rotating the
rotor.
(0027] Thanks to the solution presented in Figures 1 and 2, the per-
formance of an old refiner can be increased by increasing the refiner surfaces
of the stator and the rotor, since, thanks to the solution, refiner surfaces
wherein the dimension of the largest diameter of the refiner surface can be
larger than the dimension of the diameter of the assembly opening can be
placed into the refiner dhamber inside the frame of the old refiner.
((1028] In the solution according to Figures 1 and 2, one blade seg-
ment 10 on both sides wes originally left unassembled at opposite sides of the
refiner surface 7. instead of this, on both sides more than one blade segment
can be left unassembled at opposite sides of the refiner surtace 7, and
once the blade disk 13 and th~ refiner surface therein are lowered into the re-
finer chamber, the missing blade segments 10 can be fast~nsd in the above-
described manner, in some cases, for reduction of the dimension of the diame-
ter of the refiner surface at some point of the refiner surface during ~e
lower
ing of the refiner surface into the refiner chamber, a solution is feasible,
wherein originally only one blade segm~nt 10 is left unassembled and it is as-
sembled in position when the blade disk 13 and the refiner surface therein are
lowered Into the refiner chamber through the assembly opening 12. Such a
solution is schematically shown in Figure 13, one blade segment 10 being
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11
originally I~ft out at point 14.
~ao~s~ Figure 3 sch~maticatly shows a blad~ disk 13 usable In the
solution shown in Figures 1 and 2. The blade disk 13 of Figure 3 and the blade
se~ments 10 fastened thereto are rotated by means of a special rotating stand
27. Figure 4 shows a detail of the solution avoording to Figure 3. The
rotating
stand 27 is assembled behind the blade disk, and wheels 28 in the rotating
stand 27 settle in a circular groove 30 at the backside of the blade disk 13.
From the perimeter of the blade disk 13, the rotating stand 27 rests on the
blade disk 13 for instance by means of a wheel 29 thus .preventing the
rotating
stand 27 from being detached from the blade disk 13. The perimeter of the
blade disk 13 is provided with a groove 31 preventing the axial movement of
the wheel 29, a projectfvn of the wheel 29 resting on the groove. Conse-
quently, the wheels 28 attaching to the gn5ove 30 of the back of the blade
disk
13 are unable to exit the groove 30 when the blade disk 13 is rotated, since
the
shape of the groove 31 and the wheel 29 prevent it_ tn connection with the re-
placement of the blade arrangement, the rotating device 27 may be assembled
fn the blade disk 13 in the refiner 1 provided the blade disk 13 is first
axially
detached from the stator plate 5. Similarly, when the blade arrangement is as-
sembled before the blade disk 13 is tightened, the assembly device 27 is re-
moved. During these steps, the blade disk 13 is supported by its fastening
screws, but not tightened. In addition, the rotating device 27 is such that it
keeps the blade disk 13 and its blades vertical. A lifting handle 32 in the
rotat-
ing device 27 is thus located at an axial mass centre.
~Od301 Figure 5 schematically shows another blade disk 13 usable
in the solution shown in Figures 1 and 2. The blade disk 13 of Figure 5 and
the
blade segments 10 fastened thereto are rotated by means of a special auxiliary
ring 33 allowing the rotation and flxediy fastened to the blade disk 13.
Figure 6,
in turn, shows a detail of the salution according to Figure 5. Said auxiliary
ring
33 enables the rotation of the blade disk inside the refiner. The perimeter of
the
auxiliary ring 33 is provided with for instance threaded holes, into which a
lifting
handle 32 is arranged, allowing the blade disk 13 and the auxiliary ring 33 to
be supported from tt, allowing the blade disk 13 and the auxiliary ring 33 to
be
entirely detached from t_he stator plate 5, if desired. After replacement of
the
blades, the blade disk 13 and the auxiliary ring 33 are fastened in connection
with the stator plate 5, whereby the auxiliary ring 33 remains in position
during
use of the refiner 1. The lifting handle 32 can be detached after the blade
disk
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
12
13 is attached.
[~031~ Figures 7 and 8 schematically show a third and fourth blade
disk 13 as a sectional side view, structun3s enabling the rotation of the
blade
disk 13 being Integrated into the blade disks 13. In Figures 7 and 8, the
blade
disk 13 is towered Into the refiner chamber 3 and initially fastened loosely
to
the stator plate 5 with fastening screws 34 of the blade disk or with speaal
screws 3~.. The blade disks 13 comprise two rings of revolution, a first ring
35
of revolution and a second ring 38 of revolution, which enable the rotation of
the blade disk 13 for assembling missing blade segments 10, for example. In
Figure 7, the rings 35 and 36 of revolution are interoonnected, whereby they
constitute an arrangement supporting the blade disk on the perimeter of the
blade disk for enabling the rotation of the blade disk_ When the fastening
screws 34 of the blade disk 13 are loosened, the blade disk 13 can be rotated
relative to the arrangement constituted by the rings 35 and 36 of revolution.
In
Figure 8, the first ring 35 of revolution is fixedly assembled in the blade
disk 13,
the second ring 36 of revolution being detachable from the blade disk 13 in a
manner enabling the rotation of the blade disk. When the fastening screws 34
of the blade disk 13 are loosened, the blade disk 13 can be rotated relative
to
the second, i.e, outer ring 36 of revolution, whereby the blade disk 13 rests
on
the outer ring 36 of revolution during rotation of the blade disk 13.
[0032) Figure 9 schematically shown another refiner 1 in section
and seen in the direction of the refiner surface 7 of the stator. The refiner
sur-
face 7 of the statar of the refiner 1 according to Figure 9 is mainly composed
of
blade segments 10 similar to the refiner surface of the stator presentEd in
Fig-
ure 2, but the refiner surface 7 of Figure 9 comprises two blade segments 1
U',
which have a shape different from that of previously known blade segments,
the blade segment 10' being schematically shown in Figure 10 seen in the
direction of the refiner surface. The blade segment 10' of Figure 9 comprises
ridges 15 constituting the actual blade part, and between them grooves 16, the
ridges and grooves being shown very schertiatically in Figure 10. The blade
segment 10', as well as the blade segments 10, comprise an inner edge 17 to
be directed in the direction of the centre O of the refiner surface, an outer
edge
18 to be directed in the direction of the outer edge of the refiner surface,
and a
first side edge 19 and a second side edge 20 connecting the inner edge 17
and the outer edge 18 of the blade segment 10'. Consequently, the fast side
edge 19 and the second side edge 20 of the blade segment 10' are as long as
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
13
the coneaponding edges In the blade sagmerrts 10, The outer edge 18 of the
blade segment connecting the end 21 of the first side edge 19 of the blade
segment 10' shown in Figure 10 on the side of the outer edge 18 of the blade
segment and the end 22 of the second side edge 20 of the blade segment 10'
on the side of the outer edge 18 of tha blade segment is substsrttlally
straight,
when:as in other blade segments 10, the corresponding outer edge 18 is in the
form of a circular arch. Accordingly, the blade segment 10' is in a manner cut
off in the direction facing the radial direction of the refiner surface from
the side
facing the outer edge of the refiner surtace.
~0033~ The blade segment 10' of Figure 10 is utilized .in the refiner
surface of Figure 9 in such a way that one blade segment according to Figure
is arranged on opposite sides of the n~finer surface on its outer edges. This
being so, the refiner surface 7 can be arranged such that at said blade seg-
ments 10', the dimension 13 of the diameter of the refiner surface 7 passing
via
the centre CJ of the refiner surface 7 is smaller than the dimension A of the
di-
ameter of the assembly opening 12. This allows the entire refiner surtace 7 to
be arranged outside the refiner chamber 3 by fastening the blade segments to
the blade disk 13 before the blade disk 13 and the refiner surface 7 therein
are
lowered into the refiner chamber 3 and fastened to the stator plate 5. The
blade disk 13 and the refiner surface 7 therein are lowered through the assem-
bly opening 12 in a position wherein the blade segments 10' on opposite sides
of the refiner surface 7 are lowered substantially simultaneously through the
assembly opening 12 into the refiner chamber 3, i.e, the points of the refiner
surface corresponding to the dimension B of the diameter of the refiner
surface
are lowered substantially simultaneously through the assembly opening 12 info
the refiner chamber 3.
(00341 After the blade disk 13 and the refiner surtace 7 therein are
lowered into the refiner chamber 3, the blade disk can be locked fixedly, i.e.
non-rotatable, to the stator plate 6. The blade disk 13 can also be arranged
rotatable in connection with the stator plate, in which case the blade disk 13
and the refiner surface 7 therein can be rotated in the manner presented in
connection with the description of Figure 2 such that the blade segments 10'
are positioned substantially at the assembly opening 12. In this case, such
special assembly pieces can be fastened tv the outer edge 18 of the blade
segments 10', by means of which the outer edge 18 of the blade segment 10'
obtains the shape of such a circular arch, whose radius corresponds to the
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
14
largest radius of the refiner surface 7 during the use thereof. Figure 15 sche-
matically shows an assembly pleas 26. Correspondingly, Figure 16 schemati-
cally shows a second assembly piece 28. As a result thereof, the outer edge or
perimeter of the refiner surtace constitutes a substantially cor~tinuous
circular
arch, also at the blade segment 10', whereby any interterence caused by the
discontinuity of thg perimeter of the refiner surface 7 is provented from
occur-
ring at the blade segment 10' during the operation of the refiner 1. The
refiner
surtace according to Figure 9 can naturally also be used in connective with
the
rotor plate 4 of the refiner 1 In a corresponding manner. instead of fastening
the assembly piece 26 to the outer edge 18 of the blade segment 10', the as-
sembly piece 26 may also be fastened from the frontal surface or from behind
to the blade disk or to the stator or rotor plate.
(0035 In the solution presented in Figure 9, one blade segment 10'
is placed on both sides relative to the centre of the refiner surface, in some
cases, a solution for reducing the dimension of the diameter of the refiner
sur-
face is feasible, at least for the time of lowering the ref7~er surtace into
the re-
finer chamber, wherein only one blade segment 10' according to Figure 10 is
assembled to the outer edge of the refiner surface, such a refiner being pre-
sented schematically in Figure 14. Furthermore, if desired, a special assembly
piece can be assembled through the assembly opening 12 to the outer edge
18 of the blade segment 10'.
[0036] The refiner surface of the kind shown in Figure 9 can also be
arranged such that the first side edge 19 and the second side edge 20 of the
blade segment 10' are distinctly shorter than the eornasponding edges of the
adjacent blade segments 10, i.e. the blade segment 10' may thus be distinctly
shorter than its adjacent blade segments 10 iri the direction facing the
radial
direction of the refiner surface. In this case, the outer edge 18 of the blade
segment connecting the end 21 of first side edge 19 of the blade segment ~ 0'
on the side of the outer edge 18 of the blade segment and the end 22 of the
second side edge 20 of the blade segment 10' on the side of the outer edge 18
of the blade segment does coot either necessarily have to be straight, but it
may
also be for instance in the shape of a circular arch or serrated without the
shape of said outer edge 18 having any effect on the lowering of the blade
disk
13 and the refiner surface therein through the assembly opening into the re-
finer chamber. In this case, the edge of the assembly piece 26 resting against
the outer edge of the blade segment 10' naturally has to correspond to the
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
outer edge .18 of the blade segment 10'. When the blade segment 10' is dis-
tinctfy shorter in the refiner surface than its adjacent blade segments 1 Q in
the
above-described manner in the direction facing the radial direction of the r~e-
finer surface, assembly pieces of the above-described kind have to be assem-
bled at the end of the blade segment 10' as regards the functioning of the re-
finer surface in such a morn~r that the out~r edge or perimeter of th~ refiner
surface forms a substantially continuous circular arch also at the blade seg-
ment 10', whereby any interference caused by the discontinuity of the perime-
ter of the refiner surface is prevented from occurring at the blade segment
1U'
during the operation of the refiner 1.
[0037] Figures 11 and 12 schematically show a third refiner 1 in
section and seen in the direction of the refiner surface 7 of the stator.
Figure 11
shows the refiner 1 during the assembly of its refiner surFace 7 and Figure 12
shows the refiner 1 in a situation wherein the stator of the refiner t is
ready for
use. The refiner surface 7 of the refiner 1 according to Figures 11 and 12 is
composed of two refiner surface blocks, a first refiner surface black 23 and a
second refiner surtace block 24. The refiner surface blocks 23 and 24 are
formed by arranging blade segments constituting the refiner surface 7 in a
blade disk block to be arranged in connection with the stator plate 5 or the
ro-
tor plate 4 in such a manner that the blade segments 10 arranged in the blade
disk block constitute part of the final, ready to-use refiner surtace 7. The
refiner
surface block 23 and 24 are formed in such a manner that the dimension B of
the diameter of some refiner surtaca block 23 or 24 is at least at some
refiner
surface block 23 or 24 smaller than the dimension A of the diameter of the as-
sembly opening 12. The blade disk block and the refiner surtace block therein
ace then lowered through the assembly opening 12 into the refiner chamber 3
in such a position that the points corresponding to said dimension B of the di-
ameter of the refiner surtace block an opposite sides of the refiner surtace
block are lowered substantially simultaneously through the assembly opening
12 into the refiner chamber 3. Said blade disk block is then fastened in
connec-
tion with the stator or the rotor, after which the preceding steps are
repeated
until the entire refiner surface 7 of the stator or the refin~r surface 8 of
the rotor
is ready for use. In the refiner 1 according to Figures 11 and 12, the refiner
surface 7 is divided into two refiner surface blocks 23 and 24, but the
refiner
surfaces may be divided into more than two refiner surface blocks. Accord-
ingly, a refiner surface block refers to an integral part of a complete
refiner sur
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
1fi
face composed of one or more blade segments.
tp03~ Figures 17 to 21 show another manner of arranging a refiner
surface by utilizing blade disk blodts and refiner surface blocks 23 and 2.4.
Figure 17 shows a refiner 1 during assembly of the refiner surface 7 of the
sta-
tor plate 5, and Figure 20 shows a refiner 1 in a situation wherein the stator
blade arrangement of the refiner 1 is ready for use. Figure 18 shows a detail
of
Figure 17, Figure 19 shows a section of Figure 18, and Figure 21 shows a de-
tail of Figure 20 at a point corresponding to that shown In Figure 18. in
Figure
17 and 20, the blade disk is composed of two blade disk blocks 37 and 38,
comprising refiner surface blocks 23 and 24 corresponding to Figure 11, for
example. The blade disk blocks 37 and 38 are interconnected in a manner al-
lowing the blade disk blocks 37 and 38 to be moved relative to one another
without the blade disk blocks 37 and 38 being detached from each other. The
interconnection.of the blade disk blocks 37 and 38 is implemented by means of
rods 39 pivoted at their ends in a manner allowing the blade disk blacks 37
and
38 and the refiner surface blocks 23 and 24 therein to move along the diameter
between the blade disk blocks relative to each other. Once the lower blade
disk block 37 is fastened to the stator plate 5, the upper refiner surtace
block
~8 can be lowered farther down, the mechanism constituted by the pivoted
rods 39 functioning by moving the upper re5ner surface block 24 exactly
against the lower refiner surface block 23, which is shown in Figures 20 and
21.
[0039] Figures 22 to 28 show a third manner of art~anging a refiner
surface by utilizing blade disk blocks and refiner surface blocks. Figure 22
shows a refiner 1 during assembly of ~e refiner surtace 7 of the stator plate
5,
and Figure 25 shows the refiner 1 in a s'stuation wherein the stator blade ar
rangement of the refiner 1 is ready for use. Figure 23 shows a detail of
Figure
22, Figure 24 shows a cross section of Figure 23, and Figure 26 shows a detail
of Figure 25 at a point corresponding to that in Figure 23. The operating
princi-
ple of the mechanism shown in Figures 22 to 2fi is the same as that of the
mechanism shown in Figures 17 to 21, except far the difference that in Figures
22 to 26, the blade disk blocks 37 and 38 of the stator ane inten~nnected with
circular plat~s 40 instead of rods 39.
[0040 Figures 27 to 28 show a fourth manner of arranging a refiner
surface by utilizing blade disk blocks and refiner surtace blocks. Figure 27
shows a refiner 1 during assembly of the refiner surface 7 of the stator plate
5,
_ CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
17
and Figure 29 shows the refiner 1 in a situation wherein the stator blade
arrangement of the refiner 1 is ready for use. Figure 2$ shows a detail of
Figure 27 in section. A rail 41 is fastened to the upper blade disk block 38
for
instance with screw fastening, and a groove or recess 42 having a shape
corresponding to a fishtail in the direction of the common diameter of the
blade
disk blocks is arranged in the rail. A projection 43 similarly corresponding
to a
fishtail is arranged in the lower blade disk block 37 on a connection surface
of
the blade disk blocks 37 and 38. The blade dtsk blocks 37 and 38 and, at the
same time, the refiner surface blocks 23 and 24 are interconnected via said
counterparts in the shape of a fishtail in such a manner that when the upper
blade disk block 38 is lifted, they glide relative to each other, allowing
them to
be lowered together into the refiner chamber. Once the lower blade disk block
37 is fastened to the stator plate 5, the upper blade disk block 38 is lowered
still lower, whereby it glides into an exactly opposite position with the
lower
blade disk block 37. Also the upper blade disk block 38 is then fastened to
the
stator plate 5. The gliding of th~ blade disk blocks relative to each other
can be
limited for instance by means of pegs placed on the gliding surtaces, on
account of which the counter surfaces are able to more relative to each ether
the required stretch, but which prevent an excessively large movement
between the blade disk blocks. The groove and the corresponding, projection
can naturally be implemented in a piuratity of other manners, and they can be
placed in view of the above-described example also in such a manner that the
groove is provided in the lower bl8de disk block 37 and the projection in the
upper blade disk block 38,
(0041] Thus, Figures 17 to 29 show some solutions for providing the
blade disk 13 of two interconnected blade disk blocks 37 and 38, which are
movable relative to one another without detaching the blade disk blocks 37
and 38 from one another. On the basis of the solutions presented in Figures 17
to 29, the disciform refiner surface of the stator or rotor of a disk refiner
can be
provided beforehand by interconnecting iwo blade disk blocks in the above-
described mann~r and by assembling the blade segments constituting the re-
F~ner surface blocks 23 and 24 in the blade disk blocks. Next, for instance
the
upper blade disk block 38 is moved relative to the lower blade disk block 37
in
such a manner that the diameter of the refiner surface constituted by the re-
finer surface blocks 23 and 24 together becomes smaller than the diameter of
the assembly opening of the refiner at some point of the refiner surface. The
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
18
interconnected blade disk blocks are then lowered through the assembly open-
ing into the refiner chamber and the lower blade disk block 37 is first
fastened
to the stator or rotor plate. The upper blade disk block 38 is then moved rela-
tlve to the lower blade disk block 37 in such a manner that the blade disk
blocks settle in an exactly opposite position relative to one another and the
upper blade disk block 38 is fastened to the stator or rotor plate.
[0042 The drawings and the related description are only intended
to illustrate the idea of the invention. The details of the invention may vary
within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the refiner surtace of the stator
or
the rotor may be provided in a plurality of dfffierent ways in such a manner
that
the dimension of the diameter of the r~finer surface is always smaller than
the
diameter of the assembly opening in th~ frame of the reftner at some point of
the refiner surface, in order for the refiner surface to fit to be lowered
into the
refiner chamber during assembly, but the largest diameter of the refiner sur-
face being larger than the diameter of the assembly opening during the use of
the refiner. One such solution is also to provide the refiner surface of blade
segments in such a manner that a plurality of blade segments are provided in
succession in the radial direction of the refiner surface, whereby for
instance all
blade segments constituting the outer edge of the refiner surface or only part
thereof can be left out during the lowering taking place through the assembly
opening of the refiner surface and assembled later in the refiner surface by
utilizing a rotatable blade disk. Accordingly, in the radial direction, the
refiner
surface may be composed of one blade segment, such as is shown in Figure
2, or at least two, such as in Figure 11, for example, wherein the inner track
of
the refiner surtace is composed of two blade segments of the shape of a semi-
circle, the perimeter of the refiner surface being composed of blade segments
10, of even several blade segments in succession in the radial direction of
the
refiner surface. In this case, for instance omitting at least one of the blade
segments 10 constituting the perimeter of the refiner surface in the above-
described manner before the blade disk and the refiner surtace therein are
lowered down into the refiner chamber, allows a disciform refiner surface hav-
ing a larger diameter than previously to be fitted through the assembly
opening
into the refiner chamber. Furthermore, it is obvious that although said
solution
is presented with the starting point being the assembly of refiner surtaces
hav-
ing a larger diameter than previously into the refiner chamber of a refiner to
be
modernized, the solution can be used in a com3sponding manner also in con-
CA 02493678 2005-O1-21
19
nection wtth the replacement of blades due to in-use wear of the blades of a
refiner. Furthem~ore, the solution presented can be used for the simultaneous
assembly of a stator or rotor plate and a refiner surface or refiner surface
block
arranged in connection therewith through the assembly opening of a refiner
into s refiner chamber in connection with the assembly of the refiner or the
re-
placement of blades.
