Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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WALL CONSTRUCTION USING HOLLOW GLASS
BUILDING ELEMENTS
The object-matter of the invention is the construction unit to be
used in erecting building walls, being an element of the interior
decoration, with the application of glass hollow tiles.
The unit for erecting straight or arched walls with the application
s of cubicoidal glass profiles, mainly hollow tiles, is known; it consists of
a vet-tical and a horizontal circumferential slat, horizontal fasteners with
a length equal to the length of the wall as well as of vertical fasteners
with a length equal to the height of the hollow tiles. These fasteners
have a form of bars or ladders constituting reinforcement elements. In
to the case of erecting arched walls both circumferential slats and
horizontal fasteners are adequately profiled to match the wall contour.
Reinfor cing fasteners are placed in horizontal and vertical gaps between
hollow tiles. Such reinforcing fasteners are being filled with
construction mortar stahting from the lower slat, on which the
is successive rows of hollow tiles are being put; it must be noted that ends
of fasteners are introduced into profiled circumferential slats.
The unit for non-mortar erection of straight walls, being the
element of the interior decoration of the erected building with the
application of glass hollow tiles is also known. It embraces the
Zo supporting element made of timber . This unit consists of : the frame,
horizontal slats with a length equal to the length of the wall and fixed to
the frame with catches as well as vertical fasteners with a length equal
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to the height of the hollow tile. The slats fill in horizontal joints
between rows of hollow tiles, whereas the fasteners fill in vertical joints
between individual hollow tiles situated in each row. Fasteners
tightened between slats have their lateral side flat or convex, adjusted to
s the concave contour of lateral walls of the hollow tile.
According to the invention, the construction unit for non-mortar
erection of building walls was designed. This unit consists of
suppol-ting elements having a rectangular profile and embracing glass
hollow tiles that constitute horizontal and vertical fasteners in a form of
t o joining blocks. These fastener s on their frontal sides have longitudinal
holes with mortises, which may be formed in a shape of grooved
recesses. In the lateral sides of vertical fasteners there are transverse
holes overlapping with holes made in horizontal fasteners, in which
threaded fasteners are being mounted. On both external sides, to the
Is horizontal and vertical fasteners profiled slats are being fixed, edges of
which are somewhat advanced outside the lateral edges of these
fasteners. Profiled slats are being fixed to horizontal and vertical
fasteners by means of tongue-and-groove joints. The threaded fastener
is composed of a stud-bolt and a longitudinal nut co-operating with it.
2o The horizontal fastener has a length preferably equal to the length of the
glass hollow tile, when eas transverse holes of the vertical fastener are
situated in relation to the frontal surfaces, contacting each other after
the assembly, at a distance equal to the sum of a half height of the
hollow tile and a half thiclcness of the horizontal fastener.
Zs In order to construct arched profiled walls, the unit is provided with
distance pads in a form of tongues, mounted in front of the convex
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section between side surfaces of the vertical fastener and frontal
surfaces of the horizontal fastener.
The construction unit according to the invention enables easy
assembling of both straight and arched profiled walls of buildings or of
s their fragments with the application of various construction mater ials
including timber, ensuring - on the one hand - the appropriate stability
and tightness of the whole construction, and - on the other hand -
guaranteeing the high aesthetic qualities being associated with the
possibility to functionally operate the light in the interior decoration by
to means of the adequate selection of glass hollow tiles.
The object-matter of the invention is presented in the example of
malting shown in the figures, where Fig.l. presents the construction unit
within the fragment of the straight wall, constructed with the
application of glass hollow tiles from a top perspective view, Fig.? - the
1 s construction unit in the fragment of the wall from the Fig. 1 without
glass hollow tiles from a top perspective view, Fig.3 - the construction
unit in the fragment of the arched profiled wall, erected with the
application of the glass hollow tiles from a top perspective view, Fig.4 -
the construction unit in the fragment of the wall from Fig.3 without the
~o glass hollow tiles from a top perspective view, Fig. 5 - the horizontal
fastener of the unit in a longitudinal section, Fig. 6 - the horizontal
fastener from the Fig. 5 from a front side view, Fig.7 - the hor izontal
fastener from a side perspective view, Fig.8 - the vertical fastener of
the unit in a longitudinal section, Fig. 9 - the vertical fastener in a
2s longitudinal section along the A-A line according to the Fig.B, Fig.lO -
the basic vertical fastener fiom a side perspective view, Fig.l 1 - shorter
vertical fastener from a top perspective view, Fig.l2 - disassembled
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threaded fastener in a longitudinal section, Fig. 13 - the prof led slat
from an inside view, Fig 14, the slat from Fig.l3 in a longitudinal
section, Fig. 15 - joining of the horizontal fastener with the vertical
fasteners in the fragment of a straight wall in a longitudinal section;
s Fig.l6 - joining of the vertical fastener with the horizontal fasteners in
the fragment of a profiled arched wall from a top view, Fig.l7 - another
embodiment of the unit construction elements along
with the glass hollow tile from a top perspective unit, Fig.l8 - the
horizontal fastener of the unit shown in the Fig. 17 from a grooved
to recesses side view, Fig. 19 - the horizontal fastener from the Fig.l8 in a
W view from a front side, Fig. 20 - the vertical fastener of the unit
shown in the Fig.l7 from a grooved recess side view, Fig. 21 - the
vet-tical fastener shown in the Fig. 20 in a W1 view from a front side,
and Fig. 22 - joining of the horizontal fastener with the vertical
t s fasteners shown in the Fig. 17 in the fragment of a straight wall in a
horizontal section.
The construction unit according to the invention is provided with
the horizontal and vertical fasteners 1 and 2 in a form of joining blocks
having a rectangular or near-rectangular shape and serving as the
ao suppol-ting elements, to which profiled sealing slats 3 are being fixed.
The fasteners and slats compose together a rigid framing for all glass
hollow tiles, which form the glazing of construction facilities.
The fasteners 1 and 2 , preferably of the same thickness d, are joined
together with the thr eaded fasteners consisting of stud-bolts 4 and
2s longitudinal nuts 5 co-operating with them. These nuts are at the same
time the joints used to fasten together stud-bolts. The stud-bolts directly
fastening the vel-tical fasteners together have such length, that has been
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adequately adjusted to the length of these fastener s. On the other hand,
stud-bolts fastening the horizontal fasteners together, separated by the
vertical fasteners, have a length adequately adjusted to the length of the
horizontal fastener and to the thickness of the vertical fastener.
s Glass hollow tiles of the luxfer type have external walls of a rectangular
shape. The upper, lower and side walls forming the circumfer ence of
the hollow tile have concave sur faces in their cents al sections.
The horizontal fastener l, having a length a preferably equal to the
length b of the glass hollow tile and a width slightly lower than the
to thickness of this tile, has at least one and has preferably made two
longitudinal holes 7 for stud-bolts 4. These holes are broadened at one
side and they form recesses 8 for thrust washers 9 and mortises 10 for
nuts 5. In the external sides through their whole length recesses are
made, forming grooves 11 preferably of a trapezoidal shape.
is The vertical fastener 2 has at least one longitudinal hole 12 made in it
for the stud-bolt 4, which is situated lenghtwise the vertical axis of
symmetry and which is broadened at one side and forms recess 8 for a
thrust washer 9 and a mortise 10 for a nut 5. In the external sides on the
whole length recesses are made, forming grooves 11.
2o Longer and, at the same time, basic vertical fasteners as shown in the
Fig. 8, have preferably a length being the sum of the hollow tile height
h and of the horizontal fastener thiclcness d ; they have tr ansverse holes
13 in their central section that overlap with the longitudinal holes of the
horizontal fastener during the assembly.
2s On the other hand - the remaining, shorter veuical fasteners, forming
the side framing of the first and the last layer of the hollow tiles creating
the wall, have a length preferably equal to the sum of a half height h of
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the hollow tile and thickness d of the horizontal fastener. At the bottom
of fasteners, as it is shown in the Fig. 11, two transverse holes 13 are
made. Transverse holes of shorter and longer fasteners 2 are situated in
relation to the frontal surfaces 25 ,adhering to each other, at a distance s
s being equal to the sum of a half height h of the hollow tile and a half of
thickness d of the horizontal fastener.
Profiled slats 3 , having a width being slightly greater than thickness of
the fasteners 1 and 2 and a length adjusted adequately to the lengths of
these fasteners, have on their inner side the tongues 14, shape of which
io is adjusted to a shape of the grooves 11 made in the fasteners) with
which they are fastened by means of the front tongue-and-groove joint
15.
The transverse section of the slats has a polygonal contour with
stepped-shaped edges 16, advanced a little bit outside the side edges 17
Is and 18 of the fasteners and reaching above the outside edges 19 of the
hollow tiles, what additionally stiffens and, at the same time, seals
joints formed between the hollow tiles.
Construction units earmarked for erecting profiled walls with a shape
approximate to arch with the application of hollow tiles are provided
ao with horizontal fasteners, in which longitudinal passage holes 7 are
increased in order to adequately position stud-bolts 4 during the
assembly. These units are additionally provided with distance pads 20
in a form of tongues with a near-rectangular section, which - as it is
shown in the Fig. 16 - during the assembly of the fastener ar a being
as placed in the front of convexly profiled section of the wall, between the
side surfaces 21 of the vertical fastener and the frontal surfaces 22 of
the horizontal fastener, as well as side walls of the glass hollow tile.
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Preferably on their front sides, the horizontal fasteners have
rectangular recesses 23, earmarked for mounting distance pads into
them. Such a construction ensures adequate angular positioning of the
fastener s 1 and 2 one in relation to another and erecting the intended
s profiles of walls, in principle without any strain of the threaded
fasteners, what ensures the required stability of walls shape.
Respectively to the thickness of pads 20, the proper profiles of walls
with lower or greater convexity can be obtained. Such the construction
solution eases the assembly and construction of various profiles without
to any necessity to form e.g. the horizontal fasteners in order to receive a
suitable shape of their frontal sections.
When erecting free-standing walls inside the building, the external
fasteners are being replaced or additionally reinforced with the frame,
formed from the vel-tical and horizontal, uniform elements 24 having a
1 s shape of straps, fastened by means of usually known metal fasteners.
Short bolts may be mounted on the frame, dimensions of which are
adjusted to longitudinal nuts 5, to which then stud-bolts 4 are being
fastened. In the case of arched walls, a shape of the frame base is
adjusted to a profile of the erected wall.
ao The horizontal and vertical fasteners can have, according to the recesses
on their circumference, adequately profiled surfaces as it is marked by a
brolcen line in the Fig. 6 and 9, what limits to the minimum the
possibility to form gaps inside the walls structure.
In the case of constructing window openings and, generally, in the case
Zs of erecting external walls, gaps occurring between hollow tiles and
fastener s are being filled in with flexible sealing compounds.
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The construction unit embracing the one glass hollow tile in
principle consists of two horizontal fasteners (the upper and the lowex
one), four vel-tical fasteners (two on each side) and eight threaded
fasteners, mounted in longitudinal holes 7 and 12. The number of
s elements is being selected depending on the number of glass hollow
tiles used for wall exection. The suitable Iocatzon of transverse holes 13
makes for this, that the vertical fasteners after assembly meet each other
with their frontal suxfaces 25 at the height complying with the central
section of the hollow tile, and these parts of the fasteners that are pulled
~o outside their horizontal edges form the arms embracing the hallow tile
situated within the adjacent layer of the wall up to its half dimension.
These sections of the fastener that are advanced upwards
facilitate even laying of hollow tiles and assembly of the next layer.
This ensures straight wall construction and guarantees the suitable
~s stiffness and stability of the whole construction.
In the another embodiment of the construction unit,
as it is presented in the Fig. 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 and 22, the longitudinal
holes 7 along with mortises IO of the horizontal fastener I have a form
of the grooved recesses 7a with mortises IOa, and the longitudinal hole
20 12 along with the mortise 10 of the vertical fastener 2 have a form of
the grooved recess 12a with the mortise 10a; moreover -- such recesses
are made through the whole length of the fasteners. In front of the
mortises 10a, earmarked fox mounting nuts 5, there are recesses 8a for
thrust washers 9. Recesses 7a and 12a of the horizontal and vertical
2s fasteners are provided with a cubicoidal groove of a width slightly
exceeding the diameter of the stud~bolt 4 of the threaded fastener, and
they are terminated with the bottom 26 having the arched surface
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adjusted to the oval shape of the above bolt. The recess bottom is made
at such the depth, which enables longitudinal and centric positioning of
the bolt, the axis of symmetry of which runs at a depth approximately
equal to a half of thickness of the fasteners 1 and 2.
s From the technological point of view, irrespective of the length of
both the horizontal and vertical fasteners, on the whole length we can
reach a high precision in mapping the grooved recesses shape e.g. when
using milling techniques, what - on the one hand - guarantees even
(straight) laying of the stable wall, and - on the other hand - facilitates
to assembly of the above wall due to the possibility of prior twisting of the
threaded fasteners, and then - putting on them the block fasteners. In
order to ensure the appropriate stiffness of the wall, during the assembly
of the above the vertical fasteners are being reversed in relation to these
fasteners that are laid below them by an angle of 180°. Thus, the side
~ s opening of the recess 12a of the vertical fastener is being situated
alternately on the left and on the right side of posts constituting the
supporting construction made of the fasteners. The horizontal and
vel-tical fasteners, profiled slats and distance pads are made of timber,
plastic and/or other construction materials with suitable resistance
ao parameters. Adequately selected materials e.g. these made of timber,
ensure at the same time high aesthetic qualities of the walls, creating the
decorative element in building facilities.
The construction units according to the invention make it possible
to er ect, with the application of glass hollow tiles, partition walls,
2s external walls as well as the other free-standing decor ative screens of
large sizes, enabling to functionally operate the light subject to the
adequate selection of glass hollow tiles. The unit characterised in the
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simple construction makes it possible to assemble the walls (both
straight and arched profiled ones) by oneself .
