Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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RECORDING MEDIUM HAVING DATA STRUCTURE FOR MANAGING
REPRODUCTION DURATION OF STILL PICTURES RECORDED THEREON
AND RECORDING AND REPRODUCING METHODS AND APPARATUSES
1. TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a recording medium having a data structure
for managing reproduction of at least still pictures recorded thereon as well
as
methods and apparatuses for reproduction and recording.
2. BACKGROUND ART
The standardization of new high-density read only and rewritable optical
disks capable of recording large amounts of high-quality video and audio data
has
been progressing rapidly and new optical disk related products are expected to
be
commercially available in the near future. The Blu-ray Disc Rewritable (BD-RE)
and
Blu-ray Disk ROM (BD-ROM) are examples of these new optical disks.
While the standard for BD-RE has been published, the standardization for
high-density read-only optical disks such as the Blu-ray ROM (BD-ROM) is still
under way. Consequently, an effective data structure for managing reproduction
of
still pictures recorded on the high-density read-only optical disk such as a
BD-ROM
is not yet available.
3. DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
computer readable recording medium having a data structure for managing
reproduction duration of still pictures, comprising:
a data area storing a first stream file including presentation data and a
second stream file including audio data, the presentation data being divided
into at
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least one still picture unit, the at least one still picture unit including at
least one still
picture and associated graphic data; and
a playlist area storing at least one playlist file, the playlist file
including at
least one playitem and at least one sub-playitem, the playitem indicating an
in-point
and an out-point of the first stream file to reproduce the presentation data,
and the
sub-playitem indicating an in-point and an out-point of the second stream file
to
reproduce the audio data,
wherein the playitem includes duration information indicating a length of time
to display the still image,
the at least one still picture and associated graphic data in the at least one
still picture unit are reproduced based on the at least one playitem, and
the audio data is reproduced independently from the at least one still picture
unit based on the at least one sub-playitem.
In another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of recording a
data structure for managing reproduction duration of at least one still
picture on a
recording medium, comprising:
recording a first stream file including presentation data and a second stream
file including audio data, the presentation data being divided into at least
one still
picture unit, the at least one still picture unit including at least one still
picture and
associated graphic data; and
recording at least one playlist file on the recording medium, the playlist
file
including at least one playitem and at least one sub-playitem, the playitem
indicating an in-point and an out-point of the first stream file to reproduce
the
presentation data, and the sub-playitem indicating an in-point and an out-
point of
the second stream file to reproduce the audio data,
wherein the playitem includes duration information indicating a length of time
to display the still image,
the at least one still picture and associated graphic data in the at least one
still picture unit are reproduced based on the at least one playitem, and
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the audio data is reproduced independently from the at least one still picture
unit based on the at least one sub-playitem.
In yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of
reproducing a data structure for managing reproduction duration of at least
one still
picture recorded on a recording medium, comprising:
reproducing at least one playlist file from the recording medium, the playlist
file including at least one playitem and at least one sub-playitem, the
playitem
indicating an in-point and an out-point of a first stream file to reproduce
presentation
data and, and the sub-playitem indicating an in-point and an out-point of a
second
stream file to reproduce audio data, wherein the playitem includes duration
information indicating a length of time to display the still image;
reproducing the presentation data in the first stream file based on the
playitem, the presentation data being divided into the at least one still
picture unit,
the at least one still picture unit including at least one still picture and
associated
graphic data; and
reproducing the audio data in the second stream file based on the sub-
playitem,
wherein the at least one still picture and associated graphic data in the at
least one still picture unit are reproduced based on the at least one
playitem, and
the audio data is reproduced independently from the at least one still picture
unit based on the at least one sub-playitem.
Yet another aspect of the invention concerns an apparatus for recording a
data structure for managing reproduction duration of at least one still
picture on a
recording medium, comprising:
a pick up configured to record data on the recording medium;
a controller configured to control the pickup to record a first stream file
including presentation data and a second stream file including audio data, the
presentation data being divided into at least one still picture unit, the at
least one
still picture unit including at least one still picture and associated graphic
data; and
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the controller configured to control the pickup to record at least one
playlist
file on the recording medium, the playlist file including at least one
playitem and at
least one sub-playitem, the playitem indicating an in-point and an out-point
of the
first stream file to reproduce the presentation data, and the sub-playitem
indicating
an in-point and an out-point of the second stream file to reproduce the audio
data,
wherein the playitem includes second duration information indicating a length
of time to display the still image,
the at least one still picture and associated graphic data in the at least one
still picture unit are reproduced based on the at least one playitem, and
the audio data is reproduced independently from the at least one still picture
unit based on the at least one sub-playitem.
Still another aspect of the invention concerns an apparatus for reproducing a
data structure for managing reproduction duration of at least one still
picture
recorded on a recording medium, comprising:
a pickup configured to reproduce data recorded on the recording medium;
a controller configured to control the pickup to reproduce at least one
playlist
file from the recording medium, the playlist file including at least one
playitem and at
least one sub-playitem, the playitem indicating an in-point and an out-point
of a first
stream file to reproduce presentation data, and the sub-playitem indicating an
in-
point and an out-point of a second stream file to reproduce the audio data,
wherein
the playitem includes duration information indicating a length of time to
display the
still image;
the controller configured to control the pickup to reproduce the presentation
data in the first stream file based on the playitem, the presentation data
being
divided into the at least one still picture unit, the at least one still
picture unit
including at least one still picture and associated graphic data; and the
controller
configured to control the pickup to reproduce reproducing the audio data in
the
second stream file based on the sub-playitem,
wherein the at least one still picture and associated graphic data in the at
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least one still picture unit are reproduced based on the at least one
playitem, and
the audio data is reproduced independently from the at least one still picture
unit based on the at least one sub-playitem.
4. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
The above features and other advantages of the present invention will be
more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in
conjunction
with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a recording medium file or
1 0
data structure according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a recording medium having the data structure
of Fig. 1 stored thereon;
Fig. 3 illustrates a detailed embodiment of portions of the data structure in
Fig. 1 and a method for managing still images of a high-density recording
medium
according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which display
duration information is included in a still picture map;
Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which a set of
still
image files is associated with two still picture maps;
Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the present invention in which display
duration information is included in a playlist or a playitem;
Fig. 7 illustrates a JPEG file containing graphic data;
Fig. 8 illustrates a private packet stream and MPEG2 transport stream into
which one graphic data and a plurality of subtitle data are multiplexed;
Fig. 9 illustrates the structure of a PES packet in accordance
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with the invention;
Fig. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a partial
structure of an optical disc reproducing apparatus where the
present invention may be applied; and
Fig. 11 illustrates another embodiment of a recording and
reproducing apparatus according to the present invention.
5. MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In order that the invention may be fully understood,
exemplary embodiments thereof will now be described with reference
to the accompanying drawings.
A high-density recording medium such as a high density
optical disk, for example, a Blu-Ray ROM (BD-ROM), BD-RE, etc. in
accordance with the invention may have a file or data structure
for managing reproduction of video and audio data as shown in Fig.
1. Some aspects of the data structure according to the present
invention shown in Fig. 1 are the same as the well-known BD-RE
standard, as such these aspects will be reviewed, but not described
in great detail.
As shown in Fig. 1, the root directory contains at least one
ED directory. The BE directory includes general files (not shown) ,
a PLAYLIST directory in which playlist files (e.g., *.mpls) are
stored, a CLIPINF directory in which clip information files
(*.clpi) are stored, and a STREAM directory in which
MPEG2-formatted A/V stream clip files (*.m2ts), corresponding to
the clip information files, are stored.
The STREAM directory includes MPEG2-formatted A/V stream
files called clip streams files or just clip files. The A/V stream
includes source packets of video and audio data. For example, a
source packet of video data includes a header and a transport packet.
A source packet includes a source packet number, which is generally
a sequentially assigned number that serves as an address for
accessing the source packet. Transport packets include a packet
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identifier (PID) . The PID identifies the sequence of transport
packets to which a transport packet belongs. Each transport packet
in the sequence will have the same PID.
The CLIPINF directory includes a clip information file
associated with each A/V stream file. The clip information file
indicates, among other things, the type of A/V stream associated
therewith, sequence information, program information and timing
information. The sequence information describes the arrival time
basis (ATC) and system time basis (STC) sequences. For example,
the sequence information indicates, among other things, the number
of sequences, the beginning and ending time information for each
sequence, the address of the first source packet in each sequence
and the PID of the transport packets in each sequence. A sequence
of source packets in which the contents of a program is constant
is called a program sequence. The program information indicates,
among other things, the number of program sequences, the starting
address for each program sequence, and the PID (s) of transport
packets in a program sequence.
The timing information is referred to as characteristic point
information (CPI) . One form of CPI is the entry point (EP) map.
The EP map maps a presentation time stamp (e.g., on an arrival time
basis (ATC) and/or a system time basis (STC) ) to a source packet
address (i.e., source packet number) . The presentation time stamp
(PTS) and the source packet number (SPN) are related to an entry
point in the AV stream; namely, the PTS and its related SPN point
to an entry point on the AV stream. The packet pointed to is often
referred to as the entry point packet.
The PLAYLIST directory includes one or more playlist files.
The concept of a playlist has been introduced to promote ease of
editing/assembling clips for playback. A playlist file is a
collection of playing intervals in the clips. Each playing interval
is referred to as a playitem. The playlist file, among other things,
identifies each playitem forming the playlist, and each playitem,
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among other things, is a pair of IN-point and OUT-point that point
to positions on a time axis of the clip file (e.g., presentation
time stamps on an ATC or STC basis) . The playlist file may also
include sub-playitems that also provide a pair of IN-point and
OUT-point that point to positions on a time axis of a clip file.
Expressed another way, the playlist file identifies playitems and
sub-playitems, each playitem or sub-playitem points to a clip file
or portion thereof and identifies the clip information file
associated with the clip file. The clip information file is used,
among other things, to map the playitems to the clip file of source
packets. Playlists may also include playlist marks which point to
specific places (e.g., a specific address) in a clip file
The general information files (not shown) provide general
information for managing the reproduction of the A/V streams
recorded on the optical disk.
In addition to illustrating the data structure of the
recording medium according to an embodiment of the present
invention, Fig. 1 represents the areas of the recording medium.
For example, the general information files are recorded in one or
more general information areas, the playlist directory is recorded
in one or more playlist directory areas, each playlist in a playlist
directory is recorded in one or more playlist areas of the recording
medium, etc. Fig. 2 illustrates an example of a recording medium
having the data structure of Fig. 1 stored thereon. As shown, the
recording medium includes a file system information area, a data
base area and an A/V stream area. The data base area includes a
general information file and playlist information area and a clip
information area. The general information file and playlist
information area have the general information files recorded in
a general information file area thereof, and the PLAYLIST directory
and playlist files recorded in a playlist information area thereof.
The clip information area has the CLIPINFO directory and associated
clip information files recorded therein. The A/V stream area has
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the A/V streams for the various titles recorded therein.
Video and audio data are typically organized as individual
titles; for example, different movies represented by the video and
audio data are organized as different titles. Furthermore, a title
may be organized into individual chapters in much the same way a
book is often organized into chapters.
Because of the large storage capacity of the newer,
high-density recording media such as BD-ROM and BD-RE optical disks,
different titles, various versions of a title or portions of a title
may be recorded, and therefore, reproduced from the recording media.
For example, video data representing different camera angles may
be recorded on the recording medium. As another example, versions
of title or portions thereof associated with different languages
may be recorded on the recording medium. As a still further example,
a director's version and a theatrical version of a title may be
recorded on the recording medium. Or, an adult version, young adult
version and young child version (i.e., different parental control
versions) of a title or portions of a title may be recorded on the
recording medium. Each version, camera angle, etc. represents a
different reproduction path, and the video data in these instances
is referred to as multiple reproduction path video data.
Because of the large storage capacity of the newer,
high-density recording media such as BD-ROM still images or
pictures may be recorded and reproduced in an organized and/or user
interactive fashion, for example, as slideshows. The data
structure for managing reproduction of still pictures for a
high-density recording medium in accordance with embodiments of
the present invention will be described along with methods and
apparatuses according to embodiments of the present invention for
recording and reproducing still images.
Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a data structure and
method for managing still images of a high-density recording medium
such as a BD-ROM. As shown in Fig. 3, a clip includes a clip file
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of still image files and a clip information file. The clip file
includes a still picture data file (e.g., a JPEG data file) and
related data files (e.g., the graphic & subtitle data files) to
be reproduced in synchronization therewith grouped into still
picture units. In the example of Fig. 3, each still picture unit
includes a single still picture (e.g., the JPEG file) . Furthermore,
the files in each still picture unit share the same file name except
for their file name extensions. The file name extension of each
file depends on the type of the file. For example, one still picture
unit may include a JPEG image file named ' 01001.JPG' , a graphic
image file named ' 01001.GRP' , and a subtitle data file named
'01001.SUT' .
As further shown in Fig. 3, a still picture map (SP_map) is
included in the clip information file associated with the clip file.
The still picture map specifies the display sequence of the still
picture units. Specifically, the still picture map (SP_map)
contains a list of still image file names for specifying the display
sequence of still picture units. In the list, the file names are
arranged in the same order that the still picture units are to be
displayed, for example, such as in a slideshow associated with the
still picture map (SP_map) .
The still picture map is associated with a playitem of a
playlist for playback control of the still image files. A
sub-playitem of the play list may be associated with an audio stream,
which is recorded in a separate MPEG2 transport stream. As shown
in Fig. 3, the playitem (PlayItem) in the playlist contains
in-picture (IN picture) information and out-picture (OUT picture)
information corresponding respectively to the start position and
end position of the still images in the still picture file to
reproduce. As shown, the in-picture information and out-picture
information provided by the playitem, link the playitem to the
still picture map of a clip information file associated with the
still picture clip file. As further shown, the sub-playitem
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(SubPlayItem) in the playlist contains sub-playitem in-time
(SubPlayItem_IN_time) information and sub-playitem out-time
(SubPlayItem_OUT_time) information for the separate audio file to
be reproduced in association with the still picture file. The audio
data may be reproduced in either a synchronized or unsynchronized
fashion with the associated still images.
As shown in Fig. 4, each SP map entry in the still picture
map (SP_map) may additionally include display duration information
for specifying the display duration of each still picture unit.
The duration information indicates whether to display the
associated still picture unit for a finite or infinite duration.
When a finite duration is indicated, the length of the finite
duration may be provided. When an infinite duration is indicated,
a reproducing apparatus reproduces the still picture unit for
displayed until user input to the contrary is received.
Also as shown in Fig. 4, a still picture unit may include
various types of still images (e.g., JPEG images, thumbnail
pictures, etc.) along with the related data such as graphic data,
subtitle data, etc.
Fig. 5 illustrates that a set of still picture files may be
associated with more than one still picture map. In Fig. 5, still
picture files are associated with both SP map #1 included in
Clip_Info #1 and SP_map #2 included in Clip_Info #2. The order of
listed image file names in SP map #1 may differ from that in SP_map
#2.
Because there are multiple still picture maps for the same
set of still image files, the same still picture units may be
presented in different orders. In this case, the display duration
information for still picture units is included in a playlist or
a playitem associated with the corresponding still picture map as
shown in Fig. 6 described in detail below.
As shown in Fig. 6, a playitem (PlayItem) in the playlist
contains in-picture (IN_picture) information and out-picture
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(OUT_picture) information corresponding respectively to the start
position and end position of the still images in the still picture
file to reproduce. As shown, the in-picture information and
out-picture information provided by the playitem, link the
playitem to the still picture map of a clip information file
associated with the still picture clip file. As further shown, a
sub-playitem (SubPlayItem) in the playlist contains sub-playitem
in-time (SubPlayItem_IN_time) information and sub-playitem
out-time. (SubPlayItem_OUT_time) information for, for example, a
separate audio file (not shown) to be reproduced in association
with the still picture file. The audio data may be reproduced in
either a synchronized or unsynchronized fashion with the
associated still images.
The playlist also includes a number of playlist marks
PlayListMark. A playlist mark points to the beginning of a still
picture unit and may provide duration information for the
associated still picture unit such as discussed above. For example,
the display duration for each still picture unit may be recorded
in the duration information field of a playlist mark included in
the associated playlist. Alternatively, or additionally, a
duration information field may be included in the associated
playitem and the duration information included in this duration
information field. The duration information indicates whether to
display the associated still picture unit for a finite or infinite
duration. When a finite duration is indicated, the length of the
finite duration may be provided. When an infinite duration is
indicated, a reproducing apparatus reproduces the still picture
unit for displayed until user input to the contrary is received.
If the playitem provides navigation information for
reproducing more than one still picture unit and the display
duration varies from still picture unit to still picture unit, the
display duration information for the still picture units may be
stored as a list in the playitem; otherwise, the display duration
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information may be recorded as 1-byte data. In this case, an
additional flag, for example, 'Share flag' may be assigned to
specify which of these two duration information methods is valid.
Fig. 7 illustrates a JPEG file containing graphic data. As
shown, the header of a JPEG still image file (e.g., 01001.JPG) may
include graphic image data along with an application marker, an
application marker length, and a BD-ROM ID code. The JPEG image
data and graphic data are created individually and then merged into
one single JPEG file. A graphic image data stream is recorded as
one graphic unit in a graphic file (*.GRP), wherein the whole PES
(packetized elementary stream) packet or only the payload of the
PES packet is recorded.
Fig. 8 illustrates a private packet stream and MPEG2
transport stream into which one graphic data and a plurality of
subtitle data are multiplexed. As shown, the graphic file may
include one graphic unit and multiple lingual units (Lingual Unit
#1 - 4k) that correspond to multiple language subtitle data streams
(Subtitle 41 - 4k). In the graphic file, the graphic unit and
multiple lingual units may be recorded sequentially as a private
packet stream or may be recorded as an MPEG2 transport stream
comprising transport packets.
Fig. 9 illustrates the structure of a PES packet in accordance
with the invention. As shown, the display time of the subtitle data
is determined by a presentation time stamp (PTS) and a decoding
time stamp (DTS) included in the header of the corresponding PES
packet. In a browsable slideshow, in which the display duration
of each still image depends on user key input (e.g., is displayed
until user input to the contrary is received), the presentation
time stamp is meaningless and thus set to 10x00000000'.
As further shown in Fig. 9, the payload of the PES packet may
include cut-in time and cut-out time information for the subtitle
data. The cut-in time and cut-out time information, which specifies
when to show and to vanish the subtitle, is time information given
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relative to the presentation time stamp (PTS).
Fig. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of a partial
structure of an optical disc apparatus where the present invention
may be applied. As shown, the optical disc apparatus includes an
optical pickup 11 for reproducing data from an optical disk. A VDP
(Video Disc Play) system 12 controls the reproduction operation
of the optical pickup 11 and demodulates the data reproduced by
the optical pickup 11. The VDP 12 produces an AV stream, which may
also be fed to a D/A converter 13 to generate an analog version
of the AV stream.
The vpp system 12 controls the optical pickup 11 and
demodulates the reproduced data based on user input received from
a user interface and the navigation and management information
recorded on the optical disk in accordance with the present
invention. For example, to perform a slideshow, the VDP system 12
refers to the still picture map (SP_map) and reproduces still
picture images, the names of which are included in the still picture
map (SP_map) in the order that the still picture units are to be
reproduced and displayed. The VDP system 12 may reproduce each
still picture unit for a finite or infinite duration according to
the duration information supplied as set forth in any of the above
embodiments.
Fig. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of
an optical disk recording and reproducing apparatus according to
the present invention. As shown, an AV encoder 9 receives and
encodes data (e.g., still image data, audio data, etc.). The AV
encoder 9 outputs the encoded data along with coding information
and stream attribute information. A multiplexer 8 multiplexes the
encoded data based on the coding information and stream attribute
information to create, for example, an MPEG-2 transport stream.
A source packetizer 7 packetizes the transport packets from the
multiplexer 8 into source packets in accordance with the
audio/video format of the optical disk. As shown in Fig. 11, the
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operations of the AV encoder 9, the multiplexer 8 and the source
packetizer 7 are controlled by a controller 10. The controller 10
receives user input on the recording operation, and provides
control information to AV encoder 9, multiplexer 8 and the source
packetizer 7. For example, the controller 10 instructs the AV
encoder 9 on the type of encoding to perform, instructs the
multiplexer 8 on the transport stream to create, and instructs the
source packetizer 7 on the source packet format. The controller
further controls a drive 3 to record the output from the source
10 packetizer 7 on the optical disk.
The controller 10 also creates the navigation and management
information for managing reproduction of the data being recorded
on the optical disk. For example, based on information received
via the user interface (e.g., instruction set saved on disk,
provided over an intranet or internet by a computer system, etc.)
the controller 10 controls the drive 3 to record one or more of
the data structures of Figs. 1-9 on the optical disk.
During reproduction, the controller 10 controls the drive 3
to reproduce this data structure. Based on the information
contained therein, as well as user input received over the user
interface (e.g., control buttons on the recording and reproducing
apparatus or a remote associated with the apparatus), the
controller 10 controls the drive 3 to reproduce the data from the
optical disk. For example, as discussed above with respect to the
embodiments of the present invention, a still image or still images
may be reproduced in association with audio data based on the
navigation information. Furthermore, an image or group of images
maybe reproduced as a slideshow or portion of a slideshow. As also
discussed, a slideshow may be synchronized, browsable, etc.
The reproduced source packets are received by a source
depacketizer 4 and converted into a data stream (e.g., an MPEG-2
transport packet stream).Ademultiplexer 5 demultiplexes the data
stream into encoded data. An .AV decoder 6 decodes the encoded data
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to produce the original data that was feed to the AV encoder 9.
During reproduction, the controller 10 controls the operation of
the source depacketizer 4, demultiplexer 5 and AV decoder 6. The
controller 10 receives user input on the reproducing operation,
and provides control information to AV decoder 6, demultiplexer
5 and the source packetizer 4. For example, the controller 10
instructs the AV decoder 9 on the type of decoding to perform,
instructs the demultiplexer 5 on the transport stream to
demultiplex, and instructs the source depacketizer 4 on the source
packet format.
While Fig. 11 has been described as a recording and
reproducing apparatus, it will be understood that only a recording
or only a reproducing apparatus may be provided using those
portions of Fig. 11 providing the recording or reproducing
function.
As will be appreciated from the forgoing disclosure, the
present invention provides a recording medium having a data
structure for managing still images recorded on a high-density
recording medium (e.g., a high-density optical disk such as a
BD-ROM) . For example, the data structure allows for displaying
still images and possibly audio data in various ways.
The method of managing still images for a high-density
recording medium in accordance with the invention provides various
still control operations such as duration management and allows
effective linked reproduction of still images along with
associated subtitle data or graphic images.
As apparent from the above description, the present invention
provides methods and apparatuses for recording a data structure
on a high density recording medium for managing still images
recorded on the recording medium.
The above description further provides methods and apparatus
for reproducing still images recorded on a high density recording
medium based on a data structure, also recorded on the high density
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recording medium, for managing the reproduction of still images.
While the invention has been disclosed with respect to a
limited number of embodiments, those skilled in the art, having
the benefit of this disclosure, will appreciate numerous
modifications and variations there from. For example, while
described with respect to a Blu-ray ROM optical disk in several
instances, the present invention is not limited to this standard
of optical disk or to optical disks. It is intended that all such
modifications and variations fall within the spirit and scope of
the inVention.
