Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
A Multi-Modulation Transmitting Method
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to digital communications. More specifically, it
relates to a multi-
modulation transmission method.
BACGROUND OF THE INVENTION
If taking the baseband transmission as null modulation, signals of digital
communications
must be modulated before they can be transmitted on a signal channel. The
modulated
signal is called as a line code. For carrier transmission, modulated signals
are category of
sine waves. Increasing types of waves can increase bits (amount of
information) carried by
each of the modulated signals, thus increasing transmitting rate in turn.
Diversification of
sine waves depends on three parameters, i.e. amplitude, frequency, and phase.
Obviously,
more said controllable parameters at the same time, more various waves
generated.
Among current modulation methods, no more than two parameters of the sine wave
can be
controlled at the same time during modulation process. For instance, a multi-
carrier
combines a plurality of independent sine waves having different frequencies
and amplitudes
2o into a composite wave. The traditional multiple amplitude-phase modulation
(such as the
multiple quadrature amplitude modulation-MQAM) combines two of sine waves
having 90°
phase difference and multi-levels into a composite wave symbol. A key point of
these
modulation methods is that sub-waves, which compose a composite wave, must be
orthogonal each other. In fact, to realize demodulation, the orthogonal rule
must be
followed for traditional modulation technologies. The said orthogonal
requirement restricts
full utilization of three parameters of the sine wave and further restricts
increase of
transmitting rate.
CONTENTS OF THE INVENTION
The purpose of the invention is to provide a multi-modulation transmission
method, which
can greatly increase utilization efficiency of frequency band and signal to
noise ratio, thus
increase transmission rate greatly in turn.
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
Technical scheme of the invention
A mufti-modulation transmission method , comprising in combination: combining
independent sine waves into a composite wave which is a non-orthogonal mufti-
modulation
symbol; wherein, each of said independent sine waves is referred to as the sub-
wave; the
amplitude, frequency, and phase of said independent sine waves can be any
value within the
value range thereof, and the independent sine waves are non-orthogonal to each
other; the
non-orthogonal mufti-modulation symbol is mufti-point sampled; each of sub-
waves of the
non-orthogonal mufti-modulation symbol is demodulated respectively in order to
realize
data communications.
1o
The composite wave includes: a composite wave in one period is composed of
single cycle
sine waves which have the same period: each of the sine waves shifts a phase
one after
other; its period is shorter than the period of the composite wave; its
amplitude value is
taken from the specified quantization set; thus the baseband transmission of
multiple
amplitude-phase modulation is realized.
The non-orthogonal mufti-modulation symbol must satisfy the following
condition:
_ H H
g6 (t~ - ~ g6 (th ~ -~ fh ( 2~ t zh 'SIN 2~ (t zh ~ ~
h=1 h=I Th Th
wherein one cycle wave of the symbol is the multiple amplitude-phase
modulation baseband
code and for short called as the amplitude-phase baseband code; a wave of the
amplitude-
phase baseband code is a composite wave which is composed of overlapped sub-
waves; T
is the period of one symbol of the amplitude-phase baseband code; T,, is a
continuous
interval within T and a valid period of the sub-wave which is called as the
sub-valid period;
Th = Th+> = T < T ; Th+, is delayed for z,, after T,, ; the sub-wave is:
(t)= f (2~(t-z )SIN2~(t-z ), .f (2~( )= a~' tETh
b " T h T h '' T t z~' 0 t~T 'h-1,2...H;Histhe
h h h ~ h
number of sub-waves within T ; a; is amplitude, i =1,2...m.
The required bandwidth of the amplitude-phase baseband code is O~W, W>1/T;
W>_2/T is
recommended; the demodulation method of the multiple amplitude-phase baseband
code is:
2
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
within the overlapped period T , the wave within each sub-valid period T,,
(h=l, 2...H) is
calculated respectively as below and there is:
Fh ~gb ~ Seth gb ~t~SIN T (t - zh )dt = Gh
h
when h=1, 2...H, a linear equation group is obtained:
G,
Ka Kiz ... KiH Xi
Gz
~ = G~ A = Kz~ ... K.. KZH ' X - Xz ' G- ' ~1)
AJ G H
KH~ ... ... KHH 'YH
wherein, X; is corresponding amplitude value of sub-wave i; Kh~ is an element
of the
coefficient matrix which value range is the real value domain; the equation
group is solved
to obtain solutions of the sub-waves respectively, thus the baseband
transmission of
multiple amplitude-phase modulation is realized.
The non-orthogonal multi-modulation symbol is carried on a frequency band
which
frequency is higher than the frequency of baseband to form the carrier signal;
for signals
received at the receiver side: first a band pass filter is used to get rid of
the carrier signals;
and then the non-orthogonal mufti-modulation symbol is demodulated; thus the
carrier
transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband code is realized.
Wherein the multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband code is carried on a
frequency
band which frequency is higher than the frequency of the baseband to form the
carrier
signal; it must satisfy the following condition:
H H
gc ~t) = gb X COS 2~ t = ~~ gb ~th )~ X COS 2~ t =~~ fh ~th )'SIN 2~ th ~ X
COs 2~ t ~
TO h=1 TO h=1 Th TO
At the receiver side, first a band pass filter is used to get rid of the
carrier signal cos ~ t ;
0
and then demodulation is performed.
During demodulation, within the overlapped period T , the wave in its sub-
valid period Th
(h=1, 2...H) is calculated respectively, and there is
3
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
Fh Cgb ~ .tET gb (t~SIN T (t - Zh ~dt = Gh
'' h
when h=l, 2...H, a linear equation group is obtained:
Ka Klz ... KIH ~yl GI
Gz
AX =G A= Kzl ... ... KzH X- Xz G- .
' . ... K . ' . '
hl G H
KH I . . . . . . KHH 'YH
Wherein X; is corresponding amplitude of sub-wave i; K,,~ is an element the of
coefficient
matrix; its value range is the real number domain; this linear equation group
is solved to
obtain solutions of the sub-waves respectively; thus the carrier transmission
of multiple
amplitude-phase modulation baseband code is realized.
The composite wave includes: a composite wave in one cycle is composed of sine
waves
1o which have the same valid period; the length of the valid period is
integral times of a half
period of the sine wave and shorter than the period of the composite wave;
each of the sine
waves is shifted a phase one after the other; its amplitude value is taken
from the specified
quantization set; thus the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
phase modulation
is realized.
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation must
satisfy the
following condition:
_ H H
_ _ 2~ 2~z
gcb (t~ - ~ gc6h (t~ -~ fh ( t Z,, SIN-(t - Zh ~ ~
h=1 h=I Th TO
T is the period of the symbol; T,, is a continuous interval in T and a valid
period of the sub-
2o wave which is called as the sub-valid period, Th = Th+I = T < T , Th+, is
delayed for zh after
T ' the sub-wave is. (t) = f ( 2~ (t - z )SIN 2~ (t - z ) , f ( 2~ (t - z ) =
a~' t E Th ,
h ~ , gcb h ~, h ~. h h ~. h O t ~ ~.
h 0 h ' h
h=1, 2...H; H is the number of the sub-waves in T ; a, is amplitude, i=1,
2...m; To is the
period of sine carrier; T = nTo l 2 + ~ , n = L2 ~o + 0.5J ; L J means to take
lower integer
4
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
of a number (keep integer fraction and get rid of decimal fraction ),
T-nTol2 T<nTol2
n E Z (integer domain).
-T-nTol2 T>-nTol2
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation
requires a
bandwidth greater than ( 1 / To -1 / T ~ 1 / To + 1 / T ); during
demodulation, first a symbol is
taken from the current period T , then it is calculated as below:
_ pro-tn
F, ~g~b (t)~ _ ~ g~b (t)SIN( ~ t - z,, )dt = G,, ; when h=l, 2...H, a linear
equation group,
'' o
AX = G, which meaning is the same as equation (1) is obtained; this equation
group is
solved to obtain solutions of the sub-waves respectively; thus the direct
carrier transmission
of multiple amplitude-phase modulation is realized.
The composite wave includes: a composite wave in one cycle is composed of sine
waves
which have various valid periods; the length of the valid period of each of
the sine waves is
integral times of a half period of the sine wave; the longest valid period
equals to the period
of the composite wave, the rest of valid periods reduce a value one after the
other; its
amplitude value is taken from a specified quantization set; thus the direct
carrier
transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation is realized.
Wherein the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency
modulation must
2o satisfy the following condition:
_ N N
gcf(t)=~gcf(tj)=~,fj(27Lt)'~IN2~t~
j=1 j-1 Tj Tj0
_ T
wherein, the period of the symbol T = TI , T j > T j+I , ~ ~ Z , T . = nT o l
2 + ~ ,
Tj+i
n - ~2T . TJO + 0.5~ ; L J means to take lower integer of a number (keep
integer fraction and
T.-nT.ol2 , T~ <nTol2
get rid of decimal fraction ), ~ _
-T.-nT.ol2 , T. >_nT~ol2~
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation
requires a
s
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
bandwidth greater than ( 1 / T10 -1 / T~ ~ 1 / TNO + 1 / TN ); during
demodulation, first a symbol
is taken from current period T , then the symbol is operated as below:
Fj (g~f (t)> _ ~J g~j (t)SIN( ~ o t - zj )dt = Gj ; when h=1, 2...H, a linear
equation group,
AX = G, which meaning is the same as equation ( 1 ) is obtained; this equation
group is
solved to get solutions of sub-waves respectively; thus the direct carrier
transmission of
multiple amplitude-frequency modulation is realized.
The composite wave includes:
A composite wave in one cycle can be composed of sine waves which have the
same valid
1o period; the length of the valid period is integral times of a half period
of the sine wave and
shorter than the period of the composite wave; each of the sine waves is
shifted a phase one
after the other; its amplitude value is taken from the specified quantization
set; thus the
direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation is
realized;
15 A composite wave in one cycle also can be composed of sine waves which have
various
valid periods; the length of the valid period of each of the sine waves is
integral times of a
half period of the sine wave; the longest valid period equals to the period of
the composite
wave, the rest of valid periods reduce a value one after the other; its
amplitude value of each
of the sine waves is taken from the specified quantization set respectively;
thus the direct
2o carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation is
realized;
Combining both the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation and
the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation,
the three
parameters of the sine waves, amplitude, frequency, and phase can be
controlled at the same
25 time; thus the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-
phase modulation
is realized.
Wherein the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-phase
modulation
must satisfy the following condition:
3~ gfp(t) ~gfnh~t) ~~ .fhj~2~t zh)SIN 2~ (t-z~,)
h=1 h=I j=I Thj TljO
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
T is the period of the symbol; The is a continuous interval in T and a valid
period of the
sub-waves which is called as the sub-valid period; Thj = T~h+~~j < T , T~h+1)~
is delayed for
a . tET.
z,~ after Ty,~ ; fhj ( ~~ (t - zh ) = 0, ~ t ~ T,,jJ , h=1, 2...H; ah; is
amplitude, i=1,2...m;
T,,j = nThjo l2 + ~ , n = ~2T"j ThJO + 0.5~ ; L ~ means to take lower integer
of a number (keep
Thj -nThja l2 , T,~ < nT,~jo l2
integer fraction and get rid of decimal fraction ), ~ _ ,
- Thj - nT,,jo l 2 , T,~ >_ nT,~jo l 2
T
n E Z (integer domain), The > Th~~+t)' Th(~+t) ~ Z' Th' - nT~jo l2 , n E Z .
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-phase
modulation requires
a bandwidth greater than (1 / Tl 10 -1 / Tl 1 ~ 1 / TINO + 1 / T1N ) ; the
demodulation method of
1o the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-phase
modulation is: first a
symbol in current period T is taken, then it is calculated as below:
Fhj ~gcf (t)> _ ~~~+rh ~~ gcf (t)~~( ~.~ t Z j )ut j(sth = G
0
J
When h=l, 2...H, j=1, 2...N, a linear equation , AX = G, which meaning is the
same as the
equation (1), is obtained; this equation group is solved to obtain solutions
of sub-waves
respectively; the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-
phase
modulation is realized.
The useful result of the invention is: through providing a multi-modulation
transmission
method, utilization efficiency of frequency band and signal to noise ratio is
greatly
2o increased and transmission rate is increased greatly in turn.
Among them, the positive result of the baseband transmission of multiple
amplitude-phase
modulation is: its utilization efficiency of frequency band is much higher
than the utilization
efficiency of frequency band of traditional baseband transmission methods.
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
The positive effect of the carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation
baseband code is: it inherits the advantage of high utilization efficiency of
frequency band
of the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband
code;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
phase
modulation is: it not only has high utilization efficiency of frequency band
same as "the
baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation", but also unlike
the carrier
transmission based on multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband code it can
be
directly deployed as the carrier transmission;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
frequency
modulation is: compared with DMT (discrete multi-tone) modulation method which
has
been deployed as the modulation scheme in ADSL international standards, it
requires
narrower bandwidth, because its frequency difference between contiguous sub-
waves is
smaller than frequency difference between contiguous sub-waves of DMT;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
frequency-phase
modulation is: it fully uses all parameters of the sine wave and has higher
utilization
efficiency of frequency band.
2o
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 a, sub-waves of one composite wave symbol, H=8;
Fig. 1b, waveform of one composite wave symbol, H=8;
Fig. 2a, sub-waves of one composite wave symbol, H=4;
Fig. 2b, waveform of one composite wave symbol, H=4;
Fig. 3a, sub-waves of one composite wave symbol, N=4;
Fig. 3b, waveform of one composite wave symbol, N=4;
Fig. 4a, sub-waves of one composite wave symbol, H=2, N=4;
Fig. 4b, waveform of one composite wave symbol, H=2, N=4;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The following is detailed description of preferred embodiments of the
invention with
graphic illustrations of the attached figures.
a
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
1. The baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation
Its character is described by:
_ H H
g6 (t) - ~ g6 (th ) -~ fh ( 2~ t Zh )SIN 2~ (t - Zh ) ;
h=1 h=1 Th Th
Wherein one cycle wave of the symbol is called as the multiple amplitude-phase
modulation
baseband code and for short called as the amplitude-phase baseband code; a
wave of the
amplitude-phase baseband code is a composite wave which is composed of
overlapped sub-
waves; T is the period of one symbol of the amplitude-phase baseband code; T,,
is a
continuous interval within T and a valid period of the sub-wave which is
called as the sub-
valid period; Th = Th+1 = T < T ; Th+, is delayed for z,, after T,, ; the sub-
wave is:
2~t 2~c 2~ a;, t E T,~ _
gb (t) _ .fh ( z, (t - zh )SIN T (r - z,, ) , . fh ( T (t - zn ) = o, t ~ T '
h 1, 2...H; H is the
h h h
number of sub-waves within T ; a; is amplitude, i =1,2...m.
Fig. l a and Fig. l b illustrate an example of a symbol wave. Fig. 1 a shows
sub-waves where
H=8. Fig. 1b shows a composite wave or symbol wave. As per the figures, a
composite
wave in one period is composed of overlapped single cycle sine waves which
have the same
period: each of the sine waves shifts a phase one after other; its period is
shorter than the
period of the composite wave; its amplitude is taken from the specified
quantization set.
2o The demodulation method of the multiple amplitude-phase baseband code is:
within the
overlapped period T , the wave within each sub-valid period T,~ (h=1, 2...H)
is calculated
respectively as below and there is:
Fh ~gb ~ ~ET,, gb (t)SIN T (t - zh )dt = C'h
h
When h=1, 2...H, a linear equation group is obtained:
Kn Kiz ... KiH ~yi G
Gz
~=G~ A= Kz~ ... ... KzH ~ X- Xz ~ G= . (1)
. . . Kh; . ' G
XH H
KH~ ... ... KHH
9
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
Wherein, X; is corresponding amplitude value of sub-wave i; K,,~ is an element
of the
coefficient matrix which value range is the real value domain; the equation
group is solved
to obtain solutions of the sub-waves respectively.
The required bandwidth of the amplitude-phase baseband code is O~W, W>1/T.
W>_2/T is
recommended. Utilization efficiency of frequency band of this modulation
method is much
higher than that of traditional modulation methods.
2. The carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband
code
1o Its character is described as below:
H H
gc (t) = gb X COS 2~ t = ~~ gb (th )~ X COS 2~ t =~~ fh (th )SIN 2~ th ~ X COS
2~ t
TO h=1 TO h=1 Th TO
> 2 ~ is recommended. Actually, this method is to carry the multiple amplitude-
phase
0
modulation baseband code on a frequency band which frequency is higher than
the
frequency of the baseband. At the receiver side, first a band pass filter is
used to get rid of
the carrier signal cos ~ t , then the final demodulation is completed by using
the
0
demodulation method of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband code. This
method
inherits the advantage of high utilization efficiency of frequency band which
is the merit of
the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband
code.
3. The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation
Its character is described as below:
2?rt-z SIN2~ t-z
gcb ( ) ~ gcbh ( ) ~ fh ~ h ( h
h=I h=1 Th TO
T is the period of the symbol; T,, is a continuous interval in T and a valid
period of the sub-
wave which is called as the sub-valid period, Th = Th+1 = T < T , T,r+I is
delayed for zh after
Th ; the sub-wave is: g~b (t) = fh ( 2~ (t - z,, )SIN 2~ (t - zh ) , fh ( 2~
(t - zh ) = a; , t E Th
Th TD T,, 0, t ~ Th
h=1, 2...H; H is the number of the sub-waves in T ; a; is amplitude, i=1,
2...m; To is the
to
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
period of sine carrier; T = nTo l 2 + ~ , n = L2 ~o + O. 5J ; L J means to
take lower integer
of a number (keep integer fraction and get rid of decimal fraction ),
T-nTol2 T<nTol2
n E Z (integer domain).
-T-nTol2 T>_nTol2
Obviously, when To = T , the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
phase
modulation becomes the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation.
Bandwidth requirement of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
phase
modulation is greater than ( 1 / To -1 / T ~ 1 / To + 1 / T );
to Fig. 2a and Fig. 2b are an example of a symbol wave. Fig. 2a shows sub-
waves, H=4.
Fig.2b shows a composite wave or symbol wave. As per the figures, a composite
wave in
one cycle is composed of sine waves which have the same valid period; the
length of the
valid period is integral times of a half period of the sine wave and shorter
than the period of
the composite wave; each of the sine waves is shifted a phase one after the
other; its
amplitude value is taken from the specified quantization set.
The demodulation method of the direct carrier of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation is:
first a symbol is taken from the current period T , then it is calculated as
below:
Fh ~g~b (t)~ _ ~, g~b (t)SIN( ~ t - z,~ )dt = G,, ; when h=l, 2...H, a linear
equation group,
' o
2o AX = G, which meaning is the same as equation (1)is obtained; this equation
group is
solved to obtain solutions of sub-waves respectively.
The positive effect of the method is: not only it has high utilization
efficiency of frequency
band like "the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation",
but also
unlike the carrier transmission based on the multiple amplitude-phase
modulation baseband
code, it can be directly deployed for the carrier transmission.
4. The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation
Its character is described as below:
n
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
N N
gcf(t)=~gcf(tj)=~',fj(z-t)SINTO t~
J >
_ T
the period of the symbol T = Tl , T j > T j+1, J ~ Z , T~ = nT .o l 2 + ~ ,
Tj+1
n - ~2T Tjo + 0.5~ ; L J means to take lower integer of a number (keep integer
fraction and
TJ -nT.o l2 , T. < nTJO l2
get rid of decimal fraction ), ~ _ ;
- T~ -nT.o l2 , T~ >- nT.o l2
T.
n E Z (integer domain), T. > TJ+, , ' ~ Z . Actually, this is a non-orthogonal
multi-carrier.
TJ+~
Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b are an example of a symbol wave. Fig. 3a shows sub-waves,
N=4
Fig.3b shows a composite wave or symbol wave. As per the figures, a composite
wave in
one cycle is composed of sine waves which have various valid periods; the
length of the
valid period of each of the sine waves is integral times of a half period of
the sine wave; the
longest valid period equals to the period of the composite wave, the rest of
valid periods
reduce a value one after the other; its amplitude value is also taken from a
specified
quantization set.
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation
requires a
bandwidth greater than ( 1 / T~ o -1 / T~ -~-1 / TNO + 1 / TN );
The demodulation method of the direct carrier of multiple amplitude-frequency
modulation
is: first a symbol is taken from current period T , then the symbol is
operated as below:
FJ ~g~ f (t)~ _ ~' g~ f (t)SIN( ~~ t - z~ )dt = G~ ; when j=1,2...N, a linear
equation group,
~0
AX = G, which meaning is the same as equation (1) is obtained; this equation
group is
solved to get solutions of sub-waves respectively.
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
frequency
modulation is: compared with DMT (discrete multi-tone) modulation method which
has
been deployed in ADSL international standards, the direct carrier transmission
of multiple
i2
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
amplitude-frequency modulation requires narrower bandwidth, because its
frequency
difference between contiguous sub-waves is less than the frequency difference
between
contiguous sub-waves of DMT.
5. The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-phase
modulation
Its character is expressed as below:
gfP(t) ~gfPh(t) ~~ fhJ(2~t Zl,)SIN 2~ (t-Zh)
h=1 h=1 j=I Thj Thj 0
T is the period of the symbol; The is a continuous interval in T and a valid
period of the
sub-waves which is called as the sub-valid period; Thj = T~h+I~j < T , T~h+1~~
is delayed for
a . tET.
to zh after The ; flj (2~ (t - zh ) - h' ~ h~ , h=1, 2...H; aht is amplitude,
i=1,2...m;
Thj 0, t ~ ThJ
Thj = nT,~o l 2 + ~ , n = ~2T '' Thjo + 0.5~ ; L J means to take lower integer
of a number (keep
Thj - nThjo l 2 , Thj < nTljo l 2
integer fraction and get rid of decimal fraction ), ~ _ ,
-Thj-nThjOl2 , T,~ >_nThjOl2
n E Z (integer domain), The > Th~~+1) , TT hJ ~ Z , Thj = nThjo l 2 , n E Z .
h(~+1)
The direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-phase
modulation requires
a bandwidth greater than (1 / Tl to -1 / Ti 1 ~ 1 / TINO + 1 / T1N ) .
/_ \ ,,~~'' += ,,~~'' 77~T 2rc ~.7 ~
Flrj ( gcf (t)~ _ ~hJ l' ~i gcf (t)S11V (T t - Z7 ~dtjdt'~ = Ghj ~
.k~' -0 j 0
When h=l, 2...H, j=1, 2...N, a linear equation, AX = G, which has the same
meaning as the
equation ( 1 ), is obtained.
Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b are an example of a symbol wave. Fig. 4a shows sub-waves,
H=2, N=4.
Fig.4b shows a composite wave or symbol wave. In fact, the direct carrier
transmission of
multiple amplitude-frequency-phase modulation is a combination of both of the
direct
carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation method and the
direct carrier
transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency modulation method, so that it can
control
13
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
three parameters; amplitude, frequency, and phase, at the same time. In
another word, this
method fully uses all parameters of the sine wave and achieves better
utilization efficiency
of frequency band.
Four implementation examples are provided below. Computer simulations were
conducted
for above four types of signals transmitted on copper twisted pairs of
telephone. Simulation
environment is the same to all four examples.
Channel model is H( f ) 2 = e-Zd~~ ; twisted pair, 26AWG, d=1200ft, ~ = 9 x 10-
' ; 10
HDSL NEXT crosstalk, 10 ADSL FEXT crosstalk. The differences among these
examples
l0 are frequency bands of signal channels occupied by transmitting signals of
the examples.
Implementation example I
Modulation: the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation
Transmission: one-direction transmission
Bandwidth: 0-80 kHz
Data rate: 1.28Mbps
Signal: gb (t) H th )
- ~ gb ~ -~ f/1 ~ 2~ t Zh SIN 2~ ~t - Zh ~ ~
h=I h=1 Th
H=8, (zh - zh-1 ) = T l 8, z1 = 0 , 1/T=40kHz
2o Implementation example 2
Modulation: the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation
Transmission: bi-direction transmission
Bandwidth: upstream 240kHz-1.04MHz, downstream 1.lMHz-1.9MHz
Data rate: 12.8Mbps
Signal: gcb ~t~ - ~ gcbh ~t~ -~ fh ~ 2~ t Zh ~"~~ 2~ ~t Zh
h=I h=1 Th TO
H=8, (z,, - z,,_1 ) = T l 8, z1 = 0 , 1 /T=400kHz, upstream 1 / To =640kHz,
downstream
1/To=1.SMHz
Implementation example 3
Modulation: the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency
modulation
14
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
Transmission: bi-direction transmission
Bandwidth: upstream 100 kHz-615 kHz, downstream 700 kHz-1.845 MHz
Data rate: 6.4Mbps
N N
Signal: g~ f (t) _ ~ g~f (t j ) _~ f j ( 2~ t)SIN 2~ t
j-1 j=1 Tj Tj0
Upstream
1/T1 = 100KHz, 1/T2 115KHz,1/T3 130KHz, 1/T4 145KHz,
= = =
1/T5 = 160KHz, 1/T6 175KHz,1/T~ 190KHz, 1/T8 205KHz,
= = =
1 / Tlo = 200KHz, 1 / =230KHz,1 / 1 /
T2o T3o T4o
=260KHz, =290KHz,
1 / T5o = 320KHz, 1 / =350KHz,1 / =380KHz,1 / =410KHz,
T6o T~o Tgo
1 o N=8, bits -wave
8 per
sub
Downstream
1/T1 = IOOKHz, 1/T2 1lSKHz,1/T3 130KHz, 1/T4 145KHz,
= = =
1 / TS = 160KHz 1 / 175KHz 1 / 190KHz 1 / 205KHz
, T6 , T~ , Tg ,
= = =
1 / Tlo =800KHz,1 / =890KHz,1 / =1040KHz,1 / =1160KHz,
TZO T3o T4o
1 / T5o =1280KHz,1 / =1400KHz,1 / =1520KHz,1 / =1640KHz,
T6o Tao Tgo
N=8, 8 bits
per
sub-wave
Implementation example 4
Modulation: the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-frequency-
phase
2o modulation
Transmission: bi-direction transmission
Bandwidth: upstream 100 kHz-615 kHz, downstream 700 kHz-1.845 MHz
Data rate: 9.6 Mbps
Signal: gfY (t) _ ~ gfph (t) _~ ~ fhj ( 2~ t - zh )Srlv 2'~ (r - z,~ )
h=1 h=I j=I Thj ThjO
H=2, j=8, total 16 sub-waves, 8 bits per sub-wave, z1 = 0, z2 =1 / 400KHz
Upstream
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
1/T" = 100KHz, 1/T,z115KHz, 1/T,3 130KHz, 1/T,4 145KHz
= = = ,
1 / T,5 = 160KHz 1 175KHz 1 / 190KHz 1 / 205KHz
, / , T,., , T, ,
T,6 = g
= =
1/T,o =200KHz, 1/Tlzo=230KHz, 1/T3o =260KHz, 1/T4o =290KHz,
1/T,SO =320KHz, 1/T,bo=350KHz, 1/T,~o=380KHz, 1/T,BO=410KHz,
Downs tream
1/T2, = 100KHz, 1/Tzz=115KHz, 1/Tz3 130KHz, 1/Tz4 145KHz
= = ,
1 / Tz5 =160KHz 1 =175KHz 1 / 190KHz 1 / 205KHz
, / , TZ~ , Tz8 ,
Tzb = =
1 / Tz,o = 800 1 =890 KHz,1 / =1040KHz.1 / =1160KHz,
KHz, / Tz3o Tzao
Tzzo
1 / Tzso = 1280 1 =1400 1 / =1520KHz.1 / =1640KHz~
KHz, / KHz, Tz~o TzBO
Tz6o
The useful result of the invention is: through providing a multi-modulation
transmission
method, utilization efficiency of frequency band and signal to noise ratio is
greatly
increased and transmission rate is increased greatly in turn.
Among them, the positive result of the baseband transmission of multiple
amplitude-phase
modulation is: its utilization efficiency of frequency band is much higher
than the utilization
efficiency of frequency band of traditional baseband transmission methods.
The positive effect of the carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-phase
modulation
2o baseband code is: it inherits the advantage of high utilization efficiency
of frequency band
of the baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband
code;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
phase
modulation is: it not only has high utilization efficiency of frequency band
same as "the
baseband transmission of multiple amplitude-phase modulation", but also unlike
the carrier
transmission based on multiple amplitude-phase modulation baseband code it can
be
directly deployed as the carrier transmission;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
frequency
3o modulation is: compared with DMT (discrete multi-tone) modulation method
which has
16
CA 02527633 2005-12-08
been deployed as the modulation scheme in ADSL international standards, it
requires
narrower bandwidth, because its frequency difference between contiguous sub-
waves is
smaller than frequency difference between contiguous sub-waves of DMT;
The positive effect of the direct carrier transmission of multiple amplitude-
frequency-phase
modulation is: it fully uses all parameters of the sine wave and has higher
utilization
efficiency of frequency band.
Above detailed description of preferred embodiments are only for illustrating
the invention
and not to limit the invention.
17
