Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ELECTROSURGICAL DEVICE
Related Applications
This application is a division of Canadian
Patent Application No. 2,079,969 filed October 6, 1992.
Field Of The Invention .-.--
This invention generally relates to an
electrosurgical or electrocautery device for use in
tissue dissection and coagulation. More particularly,
the invention relates to a disposable electrosurgical
device that is adapted for use laparoscopically through
a trocar tube.
l0 Backcround Of The Invention
Surgery using laparoscopic procedures is
gaining popularity among surgeons due to patient demand
for less invasive surgery. Electrosurgical or
electrocautery devices are well known for use in cutting
and cauterizing tissue. A common use of these devices
laparoscopically is in a procedure called
cholecystectomy, or gallbladder removal. There have
been some reported instances of injuries caused by such
use of known electrosurgical devices. One of the more
common injuries is bowel burn, which occurs with
inadvertent direct contact of the tip of the instrument
with the bowel or when an electrical charge from the
device jumps or sparks to the bowel.
Electrosurgical devices have heretofore
included an insulated barrel that terminates in an
electrically conductive dissection tip extending outward
from the distal end thereof. The dissection tip is in
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electrical communication with a monopolar
electrosurgical generator (ESU). These ESU's typically
generate two types of radio frequency electrosurgical
waveforms; namely, a "Cut" and a "Coag" waveform. It is
known to provide such devices with means to selectively
irrigate or flush the surgical site with liquids and
vacuum means to selectively remove excess body fluids
and irrigation liquids from the surgical site.
In order to protect the dissection tip it is
known to provide a tubular shield member that slips over
the distal end of the barrel in surrounding relationship
with respect to the dissection tip. Prior to use, it is
necessary to remove the tubular shield member. Upon
removal of the shield member and insertion of the barrel
through a trocar tube during a laparoscopic procedure,
the surgeon no longer has the ability to cover or shield
the dissecting tip. As alluded to above, an unshielded
dissecting tip may cause damage to body organs. Also,
insertion and extraction of an unshielded tip may cause
damage to the seal members associated with the trocar
assembly.
It has heretofore been proposed to protect the
dissection tip by providing a remote means to retract
the dissection tip. This device includes structural
elements located in the barrel that preclude use of the
barrel to direct a laser fiber associated with a
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cooperating laser device therethrough or to permit an
instrument to be directed therethrough.
There is a need for an electrosurgical device
that includes a retractable electrode sheath that may be
remotely and selectively controlled by the surgeon to
protect the dissection tip and the trocar assembly seal
during insertion and retraction and to protect body
organs during surgery. There is further a need for an
electrosurgical device that may be operated with one hand
and that may accept laser devices of varying sizes. There
also is a need for an electrosurgical device that is safe
and reliable in operation and economical to manufacture.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention provides an
electrosurgical device, comprising: a handle member; an
elongated barrel member having a proximal end portion and
a distal end portion; an electrode member extending
outwardly from the distal end portion of said barrel
member; means for connecting said electrode member to a
source of electrical energy; a manifold member positioned
in said handle member in communication with the proximal
end portion of said barrel member; an irrigation tube
positioned in said handle member, said irrigation tube
having a first end portion in communication with said
manifold member and a second end portion adapted to be
connected to an irrigation unit; a vacuum tube positioned
in said handle member, said vacuum tube having a first
end portion in communication with said manifold member
and a second end portion adapted to be connected to a
vacuum source; and pressure vent means in communication
with said irrigation tube for venting excess pressure
therefrom.
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An insulating sheath member, having a proximal
end portion and a distal end portion, is positioned in
surrounding relationship with the barrel member. The
proximal end portion of the sheath member extends into
the handle member. The sheath member is movable between
a first position wherein the distal end portion thereof
extends distally beyond a distal end portion of the
electrone member and a second position wherein a distal
end portion of the electrode member extends distally
beyond the distal end portion of the sheath member. A
control means permits selective movement of the sheath
member between its first and second positions.
The control means may include a slide member
that is secured to.the proximal end portion of the
sheath member. The slide member is attached to the
handle member so as to permit movement thereof between a
first position wherein the sheath member is in its first
position and a second position wherein the sheath member
is in its second position.
The handle member may be provided with an
access port that communicates with the proximal end
portion of the barrel member for receipt of a laser
device or other instruments therethrough.
The device is preferably provided with means
to selectively irrigate or flush the surgical site with
liquids and vacuum means to selectively remove excess
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body fluids and irrigation liquids from the surgical
site. In accordance with a preferred embodiment, a
manifold member is located in the handle member in
communication with the proximal end portion of the
barrel member. An irrigation tube is positioned in the
handle member having a first end portion in
communication with the manifold member and a second end
portion adapted t~ be connected to an irrigation unit.
A vacuum tube is positioned in the handle member having
a first end portion iri communication with the manifold
member and a second end portion adapted to be connected
to a vacuum source. The irrigation tube and the vacuum
are provided with separate flow control means for
selectively permitting and precluding fluid flow through
the tubes.
Each flow control means includes a pivotal
lever member selectively movable between a first
position permitting flow through the corresponding tube
and a second position pinching the corresponding tube so
as to preclude flow therethrough. The pivotal member is
spring biased into its second position. A corresponding
button member extends outwardly through the handle
member for controlling the movement of each of the lever
members between their first and second positions.
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A pressure relief means is preferably provided
to limit the internal pressure within the device to from
about 10 psig to about 30 psig. A connector assembly is
located in the handle member. The connector assembly
includes an irrigation inlet port adapted to be
connected to an irrigation unit and an irrigation outlet
port connected to the second end portion of the
irrigation tube. The irrigation tube is in fluid
communication with the irrigation inlet port through an
irrigation flow channel extending therebetween. The
connector assembly also includes a vacuum inlet port
adapted to be connected to a vacuum source and a vacuum
outlet port connected to the second end portion of the
vacuum tube in fluid communication with the vacuum inlet
port through a vacuum flow channel extending
therebetween. A shunt channel extends between the
irrigation and vacuum flow channels. A pressure vent
valve member is located in the shunt channel to vent
excess pressure in the irrigation flow channel through
the shunt channel into the vacuum flow channel.
brief Description Of The Drawinas:
A more complete appreciation of this
invention, and many of the attendant advantages thereof,
will be readily apparent as the same becomes better
understood by reference to the following detailed
description when considered in conjunction with the
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accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals
indicate the same or similar components, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an
electrosurgical device constructed in accordance with
the present invention showing the sheath member in its
first position;
FIG. 2 is an elevational view, partially
broken away, of the electrosurgical device shown in
FIG.1 showing the sheath member in its second position:
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along
line 3-3 in FIG. 1 showing a pressure vent connector
assembly constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along
line 4-4 in FIG. 1 showing the flow control means in
accordance with the invention: and
FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the
flow control means as shown in FIG. 4.
getailed Description of the Preferred Embodiments
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown an
electrosurgical or electrocautery device 10 for use in
tissue dissection, coagulation, irrigation, and fluid
evacuation. Device 10 is a hand-held, disposable
surgical instrument intended to be used to perform
various surgical procedures, such as cholecystectomies
(gall bladder removal) and appendectomies (appendix
removal). The device is used laparoscopically through a
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mm (or similarly sized) trocar tube or cannula to
perform minimally invasive surgical techniques that
replace prior open surgery methods.
Electrosurgical device 10 includes a handle
5 member 12, an elongated barrel member 14, an electrode
member 16, a means 18 for connecting the electrode
member 16 to a source of electrical energy, an
insulating sheath member 20, and a control means 22 for
controlling the movement of the sheath member. In
accordance with a preferred embodiment, handle member 12
is a pistol-style grip that may be held in one hand in
two alternative attitudes.
Barrel member 14 is a hollow cylindrical
member made from a conductive metallic material, such as
stainless steel. Barrel member 14 has a proximal end
portion 24 that extends into handle member 12 and is
rigidly attached thereto. Distal end portion 26 of
barrel member 14 has a suitable electrode member or
dissection tip 16 rigidly secured thereto. Electrode
member 16 may take one of many known forms, such as a
hook, spatula, ballpoint, or the like. Electrical
energy is supplied to the electrode member 16 through a
means 18 which may include an electrical cord 28
extending through the butt end of handle member 12.
Cord 28 at one end is attached to the proximal end 24 of
barrel member 14 through a connecting ring 29 and at the
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other end is connected to a "banana" jack 30 which plugs
into a mating jack (not shown) in one of several possible
monopolar electrosurgical generators (ESU's) that are
well known in the art. These ESU's typically generate two
types of radio frequency electrosurgical waveforms;
namely, "Cut" and "Coag." The selection of the particular
mode of operation may be regulated by a foot control
pedal associated with the ESU.
In accordance with a unique feature of the
invention, an insulating sheath member 20 is provided in
surrounding ~clationship to barrel member 14. Sheath
member 20 is preferably a hollow cylindrical member made
from a suitable material, such as Teflon~ FEP. Sheath
member 20 has a proximal end portion 32 that is received
in handle member 12 so as to permit reciprocal movement
thereof in a manner that will be further described
hereinbelow. Sheath member 20 has a distal end portion
34. Sheath member 20 is movable between a first position
wherein distal end portion 34 extends distally beyond the
distal end of electrode member 16, as seen in FIG. 1, and
a second position wherein the distal end of electrode
member 16 extends distally beyond the distal end portion
34 of sheath member 20, as seen in FIG. 2.
As one can appreciate, when sheath member 20 is in
its first position, the tip of electrode member 16 is
shielded to protect against the electrode member 16
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inadvertently contacting body organs when not in use and
to protect the seal associated with the trocar assembly
as the electrode member 16 is inserted or withdrawn
therefrom. When sheath member 20 is in its second
position, the electrode or dissecting tip 16 is exposed
for use in a well known manner.
Control means 22 selectively controls the
movement of the sheath member between its first and
second positions. Control means 22 includes a slide
member 40 that is attached to the proximal end portion
34 of the sheath member and is movable therewith. Slide
member 40 includes a thumb activated activator portion
42 that is located exterior of the top of handle member
12 and a connector portion 44 that is received around
the proximal end portion 34 of the sheath member within
handle member 12. A guide portion 46 extends between
activator portion 42 and connector portion 44. Guide
portion 46 includes a slide section 48 that extends
through an elongated slot or opening 50 formed in handle
member 12. Guide portion 46 includes a forward leaf
section 52 and a rearward leaf section 54 that are
spaced from activator portion 42 and slidably receive
corresponding portions of handle member 12 that are
forward and rearward of slot 50 therebetween. Connector
portion 42 extends from leaf section 52. Forward and
rearward movement of activator portion 42 causes slide
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section 46 to move between the forward and rearward ends
of slot 50 and thereby move sheath member 20 between its
first and second positions. Connector portion 44 is
connected to proximal end portion 34 by a polyethylene
shrink tube 56.
The proximal end portion 24 of barrel member
14 extends into and is in fluid communication with a
tubular manifold member 60 positioned in handle member
12. Manifold member 60 is in axial alignment with
barrel member 14 and is formed with an irrigation port
or fitting 62 and a vacuum port or fitting 64. An
irrigation tube 66 is positioned in handle member 12
having a first end portion 68 connected to port 62 and a
second end portion adopted to be connected to an
irrigation unit in a manner as further described
hereinbelow. A vacuum tube 70 is positioned in handle
member 12 having a first end portion 72 connected to
port 64 and a second end portion adapted to be connected
to a vacuum source as described hereinbelow.
Referring to FIGS. l, 4 and 5, a unique flow
control means is provided to selectively permit and
preclude flow through each of the tubes 66 and 70. The
flow control means for each of the tubes are
substantially identical and are located in a side by
side relationship. Accordingly, only the flow control
means associated with vacuum tube 70 shall be described
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in detail herein. The vacuum flow control means
includes a pivotal level member 74 that is pivotally
mounted within handle member 12 about pivot pin 76.
Lever member 74 includes a tube pinching portion 78 and
a thumb-actuated button portion 80. Pivotal movement of
lever member 74 causes portion 78 to move between a
first position permitting flow or the creation~of a
vacuum through the tube and a second position pinching
the tube precluding flow or the creation of a vacuum
through the tube. As shown in FIG. 1, when lever member
74 is in its second position, .tube 70 is pinched between
portion 78 and a post member 82 located in the handle
member. Button portion 80 extends outwardly through an
opening in the handle member for controlling the pivotal
movement of lever member 74 between its first and second
positions. A leaf spring member 84 biases lever member
74 into its second position.
In accordance with a unique feature of the
invention, a pressure vent means is provided in
communication with irrigation tube 66 for venting excess
pressure therein. Referring to FIG. 3, a connector
assembly 90 is positioned in the handle member 12.
Assembly 90 includes an irrigation inlet port or female
Luer lock fitting 92 adapted to be connected to an
irrigation unit and an irrigation outlet port 94
connected to the second end portion of irrigation tube
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66. Tube 66 is in fluid communication with inlet port
92 through an irrigation flow channel 96 extending
therebetween. The irrigation unit may induce a
peristaltic pump, IV bag, or rubber squeeze bulb.
Assembly 90 further includes a vacuum inlet port or male
fitting 98 adapted to be connected to an electric vacuum
pump and a vacuum outlet port 100 connected to the
second end portion of the vacuum tube 70. Tube 70 is in
fluid communication with inlet port 98 through a vacuum
flow channel 102 extending therebetween. A shunt
channel 104 extends between channels 96 and 102.
A pressure vent means 106 is positioned in
shunt channel 104 to vent excess pressure in irrigation
flow channel 96 and irrigation tube 66 through the shunt
channel 104, vacuum flow channel 102 and vacuum tube 70.
Pressure vent means 106 preferably includes a check ball
valve member 108 that is biased into a position
precluding flow through shunt channel 104 by a spring
member 110. Spring member 110 is preferably selected to
preclude the internal pressure in the irrigation tube 66
from exceeding from about 10 psig to about 30 psig.
Pressure vent means 106 protects the device 10 and the
irrigation pumps.
An access port 112 may be provided in axial
alignment with manifold member 60 and barrel member 14
for insertion of a YAG laser implement or other
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implements through access port 112, manifold member 60
and barrel member 14. Access port 112 is preferably made
of silicone rubber.
The unique features of the electrosurgical 5 device
in accordance with the invention will become apparent
form the following description of the basic operation
thereof. A patient grounding pad (return electrode) is
firmly affixed to the patient in an area that is
electrically near the operation site in a well known
manner. The grounding pad is the return path for
monopolar elec'~rical current to return to the ESU unit.
The single patient use disposable device 10 is removed
from its sterile package. A vacuum line (not shown) is
pushed onto the inlet port 98 and an irrigation supply
line (not shown) is connected to the Luer~ lock fitting
92. The universal electrosurgical banana jack 30 plugs
into a universal adapter or directly into the ESU unit.
The vacuum, irrigation, and the ESU units are turned on
and the device is ready for use.
In many laparoscopic operations, the abdomen of the
patient is first inflated using a hollow air needle. Two
or more trocar tubes are typically then pierced through
the abdominal wall to provide paths for introducing an
endoscope and other laparoscopic instruments, such as
electrosurgical device 10. An
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endoscope is necessary for viewing the procedure on a
CRT monitor.
At such time as the use of electrosurgical
device 10 is required, the barrel member 14 with the
sheath member 20 in its first position (as shown in FIG.
1) is directed through a 5 mm trocar tube into the
operation site. The surgeon may conveniently expose the
dissection tip 16 by moving control means 22 into its
second position causing sheath 20 to move into its
second position (as shown in FIG. 2). The surgeon may
energize the dissection tip to the appropriate power
level ("Cut" or "Coag") using the ESU foot pedal.
If the surgeon deems that laser dissection is
preferred instead of electrosurgery, the surgeon pierces
the access port 112 using a needle or laser media. The
surgeon may then push the laser fiber of a YAG laser
unit through access port 112, manifold member 60 and
down the barrel member 14, leaving the active end of the
fiber positioned alongside tip 16. The laser can then
be energized using controls on the laser unit.
After a period of dissection, the operation
site can be rinsed by depressing the irrigation button
80 on the handle, causing the irrigation lever member 74
to move into its first position against the bias of
spring member 84. Rinsing stops when the irrigation
button 80 is released and the irrigation lever member 74
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returns to its second position. After rinsing, vacuum
button 80 may be depressed to move vacuum lever member
74 into its first position against the bias of spring
member 84 to vacuum the fluids from the site. Although
not shown, buttons 80 may be provided with a lock to
selectively retain the buttons in their first positions.
The sheath member 20 may be moved into its
first position in covering relationship to dissecting
tip 16 at any time during the procedure by moving
control 22 into its first position which in turn causes
sheath member 20 to move into its first position. This
function is particularly useful in protecting delicate
organs during the vacuum function, and during
introduction and withdrawal of barrel member 14 through
the trocar tube.
When the surgical repair is completed, the
barrel member 14 is withdrawn from the trocar tube and
the device 10 is unhooked from the pumps and ESU unit,
and is discarded.
From the foregoing, it will be observed that
numerous modifications and corrections can be effected
without departing from the true spirit and scope of the
novel concepts of the present invention. It will be
understood that no limitation with respect to the
specific embodiment illustrated herein is intended or
should be inferred. It is, of course, intended to cover
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by the appended claims all such modifications as fall
within the scope of the claims.
