Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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TRANSMISSION POWER CONTROL APPARATUS IN
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREFOR
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a power control method applicable to mobile
communication systems, and more particularly, to a transmission power control
apparatus
and method using reverse channel quality indicator and acknowledgment
indicator.
Background Art
In radio communications, channel environment varies according to the drift of
mobile
terminal's location. Hence, it is preferable that the modulation and coding
scheme are
modified to fit the channel quality for each situation.
With regard to setting a modulation scheme, when the channel quality is good
(i.e., less
interference), the communication system is able to use modulation enabling
high-speed
data transfer, such as QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) and M-ary PSK
(phase
shift keying). However, in case that channel quality is poor, it is able to
use such
modulation as BPSK (binary phase shift key) resistant against interference.
With regard to setting a coding scheme, when the channel quality is good, less
redundancy (thus, a high coding rate) is possible, so that data can be
transmitted with
higher data rate. However, when the channel environment is poor, the channel
coding is
performed with more redundancy (lower coding rate), so that data can be
transmitted with
a lower data rate.
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In order to vary the modulation and coding scheme appropriately according to
the
variation of the channel quality, information about the current channel
quality is needed. A
forward channel quality is measured by a mobile terminal and is transmitted to
a base
station via a reverse channel quality indicator channel (R-CQICH). It should
be noted that
the term reverse channel is denoted as communication originating from a mobile
terminal
and transmitted to a network, such as a base station.
H-ARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) is a method for improving reliability
and
throughput in a manner of combining ARQ (automatic repeat request) and FEC
(forward
error correction). ARQ is a method for improving transmission reliability in a
manner of
requesting retransmission of the same information until receiving errorless
information if
error exists in the transmitted information. And, FEC is a method for
improving reliability in
a manner of correcting errors having occurred during transmission.
During good channel quality, the frequency of errors in the received
information is low.
Hence, a retransmission is requested using ARQ, whereby reliability of the
received
information can be maintained. However, during poor channel quality, the
frequency of
errors in the received information is high. If ARQ is used without FEC, it may
cause the
increase of the number of retransmissions. Hence, the throughput of the system
will be
decreased since ARQ does not have any error-correction function.
Since such a problem can be solved by FEC, the H-ARQ system using both ARQ and
FEC has been proposed. As one sort of H-ARQ, there is the IR (incremental
redundancy)
system. In the IR system, a transmitting side initially transmits data encoded
with high
coding rate which have small number of redundant bits. If the receiving side
receives data
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with errors, it requests retransmission. In response to the request, the
transmitting side
transmits additional redundant bits, which are caused by low rate encoding.
A receiving side combines to decode the already received data and the
redundant bits.
In doing so, the retransmitted bits are to compensate the previously sent
packet.
In the HARQ system of a wireless communication system, a mobile terminal
decodes a
received packet to check a presence or non-presence of errors and should feed
back an
ACK (acknowledgment) or NAK (negative acknowledgment) signal to a base station
according to a result of the check. A base station having received the NAK
signal
retransmits the packet. By combining to decode the retransmitted packet and
the initially
transmitted packet, the mobile terminal has a diversity or coding gain. The
ACK/NAK
signal transmitted from the mobile terminal to the base station is transmitted
to the base
station via a reverse acknowledgment channel (R-ACKCH).
In a typical wireless communication system, nominal attribute gain for R-ACKCH
is set
to -3dB. During the course of implementation, it has been determined that this
gain was
set too low for a proper ACK operation. In other words, current nominal
attribute gain for
R-ACKCH makes false alarm probability (probability that the base station
receiver detects
ACK even when the transmitter does not transmit anything on R-ACKCH) too high
resulting in a large number of RLP retransmissions.
To identify the problem, simulations were performed with current nominal
adjustment
gain value for R-ACKCH under AWGN channel. The simulations were performed with
9600bps R-FCH on top of R-ACKCH. The pilot level was power controlled so that
1 % FER
could be achieved for R-FCH.
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In FIG. 1, the line 2 represents the CDF of demodulator output when ACK signal
is
transmitted. The line 4 is the complementary CDF of demodulator output when
the
transmitter does not transmit anything. The line 6 is the complementary CDF of
demodulator output when NAK signal is transmitted.
For ease of explanation, the following probabilities can be defined.
PA_N : Probability that the ACK signal is falsely detected as NAK.
PN_A: Probability that the NAK signal is falsely detected as ACK.
PNO_A : Probability that the receiver detects ACK signal even when the mobile
station
doesn't transmit anything on R-ACKCH.
In this example, it is assumed that one threshold is given to the output of
base station
demodulator so that the base station detects ACK or NAK. It should be noted
that 'no
signal' does not need to be differentiated from `NAK' since the base station
behavior might
be the same for these two cases. The criteria used for determining the
threshold level is to
maintain the PAN and PN_A below certain level. The choice of this level should
be
implementation dependent. However, PAN of 0.01 seems to be reasonable choice.
From
FIG. 1, PN_A is 0.001 for this threshold, which seems quite reasonable.
However, it turns
out that PNo_A is 0.3, which is a bit high for proper operation. The high
PNO_A may lead to
some erroneous event.
The erroneous event due to this false alarm on R-ACKCH can be explained as
follows.
When a mobile terminal completely misses the forward packet data control
channel given
to it, the mobile terminal will not transmit any signal on the R-ACKCH. For
about 30% of
these situations, the base station falsely decides that ACK signal was
transmitted from the
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mobile terminal and is going to proceed with new packet for that ARQ channel,
resulting in
RLP layer retransmission for that packet. Therefore, it is suggested that the
channel gain
(i.e., transmission power) for R-ACKCH needs to be modified to resolve this
problem.
Transmission power of R-CQICH is determined using a R-CQICH power adjustment
5 gain and a R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power (RLGAIN ACKCQICH_PILOT). The R-
CQICH power adjustment gain is individually transmitted to each mobile
terminal from a
base station. And, the R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power is commonly
transmitted to the
all mobile terminals from the base station.
Similarly, transmission power of R-ACKCH is determined using a R-ACKCH power
adjustment gain and a R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power (RLGAIN
ACKCQICH_PILOT).
The R-ACKCH power adjustment gain is individually transmitted to each mobile
terminal
from a base station. And, the R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power is commonly
transmitted
to all the mobile terminals from the base station.
As mentioned in the foregoing description, in determining each of the R-CQICH
and R-
ACKCH transmission powers, the R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power
(RLGAIN ACKCQICH_PILOT) is commonly used. However, because the common factor
(RLGAIN ACKCQICH_PILOT) is used in determining both the R-CQICH and the R-
ACKCH transmission powers, the following problems are inevitable.
For all mobile terminals in a cell, it may occur that the transmission power
of R-ACKCH
needs to be increased but the transmission power of R-CQICH need to be
maintained. In
such a case, the R-ACKCH power adjustment gain should be transmitted to all
mobile
terminals in the cell individually.
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This is because the transmission power of R-CQICH is increased as well as
that of R-ACKCH, if the R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power (RLGAIN
ACKCQICH_PILOT) is
transmitted to all mobile terminals in a cell using an overhead message.
For instance, in detecting ACK/NAK, the base station performs a threshold
detection using the receiving power of R-ACKCH. Hence, in case that the
transmission
power of R-ACKCH is too small, the base station may incorrectly detect No-
signal as NAK. If
the R-ACKCQICH gain to a pilot power (RLGAIN ACKCQICH_PILOT) is transmitted to
all
mobile terminals to solve the problem, the transmission power of R-CQICH is
unnecessarily
increased to be inefficient. Meanwhile, if the base station transmits the R-
ACKCH power
adjustment gain to each of the mobile terminals, a message load transmitted to
the mobile
terminal increases and the corresponding transmission process gets very
complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of
controlling, by a mobile terminal, transmission power in a mobile
communication system, the
method comprising: receiving a packet data from a base station; receiving a
first gain value
and a second gain value from the base station, wherein the first gain value is
associated with
controlling transmission power of an acknowledgment channel for transmitting
acknowledge
information for the packet data, and the second gain value is associated with
controlling
transmission power of a channel quality indicator channel for transmitting
channel quality
information; and determining an acknowledgment channel power for the
acknowledgment
channel by using the first gain value, wherein the acknowledgment channel
power is
determined by: acknowledgment channel power = mean pilot channel output
power + Y*(Nominal_Reverse Acknowledgment_Channel_Attribute_Gain + Reverse_
Channel Adjustment_Gain for the acknowledgment
channel -Multiple_Channel Adjustment_Gain for the acknowledgment channel +
first gain
value), where the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a
reverse pilot
channel, the Y is a constant, the
Nominal-Reverse-Acknowledgment-Channel-Attribute-Gain is a gain value
previously
known to the mobile terminal, the Reverse Channel Adjustment_Gain is a gain
value that
the base station informs the mobile terminal via message, and the
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Multiple-Channel Adjustment_Gain is a gain value used when at least two code
channels as
well as the reverse pilot channel are assigned to the mobile terminal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
method of controlling, by a base station, transmission power in a mobile
communication
system, the method comprising: transmitting a packet data to a mobile
terminal; transmitting
a first gain value and a second gain value to the mobile terminal, wherein the
first gain value
is associated with controlling transmission power of an acknowledgment channel
for
transmitting acknowledge information for the packet data, and the second gain
value is
associated with controlling transmission power of a channel quality indicator
channel for
transmitting channel quality information; and receiving the acknowledge
information from the
mobile terminal through the acknowledgment channel transmitted at an
acknowledgment
channel power determined by the mobile terminal using the first gain value,
wherein the
acknowledgment channel power is determined by: acknowledgment channel power =
mean
pilot channel output power
+ Y*(Nominal_Reverse Acknowledgment_Channel_Attribute_Gain + Reverse-
Channel-Adjustment-Gain for the acknowledgment channel
-Multiple-Channel-Adjustment-Gain for the acknowledgment channel + first gain
value),
where the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a reverse
pilot channel,
the Y is a constant, the Nominal-Reverse-Acknowledgment-Channel-Attribute-Gain
is a
gain value previously known to the mobile terminal, the Reverse-Channel-
Adjustment-Gain
is a gain value that the base station informs the mobile terminal via message,
and the
Multiple-Channel-Adjustment-Gain is a gain value used when at least two code
channels as
well as the reverse pilot channel are assigned to the mobile terminal.
Some embodiments are directed to a transmission power control method of R-
CQICH (reverse-channel quality indicator channel) and R-ACKCH
(reverse-acknowledgement channel) that may substantially obviate one or more
problems
due to limitations and disadvantages of the related art.
Some embodiments may provide an apparatus and method for controlling
transmission powers of R-CQICH (reverse-channel quality indicator channel) and
R-ACKCH
(reverse-acknowledgement channel) independently.
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Additional advantages and features of some embodiments of the invention will
be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become
apparent to those
having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be
learned from
practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of some
embodiments of the
invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed
out in the written
description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
In another aspect, a method of controlling transmission power in a mobile
communication system comprises receiving a packet data from a network and
determining
whether the packet data is received correctly, receiving a first gain value
(for example,
RLGAIN_ACKCH_PILOT) and a second gain value (for example, RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT)
from the network, wherein the first gain value is associated with controlling
transmission
power for transmitting data acknowledge information (ACK), and the second gain
value is
associated with controlling transmission power for transmitting channel
quality information
independent from the first gain value, and the first and second gain values
are capable of
being received by a plurality of mobile terminals associated with the network;
and
determining an acknowledgement channel power by using at least a nominal
reverse
acknowledgement channel attribute gain and the first gain value.
According to one embodiment, the method further comprises determining a
channel quality indicator channel power by using at least a nominal reverse
channel quality
indicator channel attribute gain and the second gain value.
According to another embodiment, at least one of the first gain value and the
second gain value is received through an overhead message from the network,
the overhead
message capable of being received by mobile terminals in at least one cell
controlled by the
network. Preferably, the overhead message comprises at least one of ESPM
(Extended
System Parameters Message) and MCRRPM (MC-RR Parameters Message). The first
and
the second gain values are transmitted using at least one of UHDM (Universal
Handoff
Direction Message) and ECAM (Extended Channel Assignment Message).
According to another embodiment, the acknowledgement channel power is
determined by:
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acknowledgement channel power = mean pilot channel output power + Y
(Nominal-Reverse-Acknowledgement-Channel-Attribute-Gain
+ Reverse Channel-Adjustment-Gain for the acknowledgement channel -
Multiple_Channel Adjustment_Gain for the acknowledgement channel + first gain
value),
wherein the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a reverse
pilot
channel, the Y is a constant, the
Nominal_Reverse Acknwoledgement_Channel Attribute_Gain is a gain value
previously
known to the network and the mobile terminal, the Reverse_ChannelAdjustment
Gain[R-
ACKCH] is a gain value that the network informs each mobile terminal via
message, the
Multiple_Channel Adjustment_Gain is a gain value used when at least two code
channels
are assigned to the mobile terminal as well as the reverse pilot channel,
wherein the value of
Y is preferably 0.125.
According to another embodiment, the method further comprises determining
a channel quality indicator channel power by using at least a nominal reverse
channel quality
indicator channel attribute gain and the second gain value.
According to another embodiment, the channel quality indicator channel power
is determined by:
channel quality indicator channel power = mean pilot channel output power +
Y *(Nominal Reverse Channel Quality_Indicator Channel_Attribute_Gain +
Reverse_Channel_Quality_lndicator Channel Attribute Adjustment_Gain
+ Reverse-Channel-Adjustment-Gain for a channel quality indicator channel
- Multiple-Channel-Adjustment-Gain for the channel quality indicator channel +
second gain
value), wherein the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a
reverse pilot
channel, the Y is a constant, the
Nominal_Reverse_Channel_Quality_Indicator_Channel Attribute_Gain is a gain
value
previously known to the network and the mobile terminal, the
Reverse_Channel_Quality_Indicator_ChannelAttribute Adjustment_Gain is a gain
value
that the network informs each mobile terminal via message, the
Reverse-Channel Adjustment_Gain is a gain value that the network informs each
terminal
via message, the Multiple_Channel Adjustment_Gain is a gain value used when at
least two
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code channels are assigned to the mobile terminal as well as the reverse pilot
channel. The
value of Y is preferably 0.125.
According to another aspect, a mobile terminal for controlling transmission
power in a mobile communication system comprises means for receiving a packet
data from
5 a network and determining whether the packet data is received correctly;
means for receiving
a first gain value and a second gain value from the network, wherein the first
gain value is
associated with controlling transmission power for transmitting data
acknowledge information,
and the second gain value is associated with controlling transmission power
for transmitting
channel quality information independent from the first gain value, and the
first and second
10 gain values are capable of being received by a plurality of mobile
terminals associated with
the network; and means for determining an acknowledgement channel power by
using at
least a nominal reverse acknowledgement channel attribute gain and the first
gain value.
According to another aspect, a method of controlling transmission power
comprises transmitting a packet data to a mobile terminal; transmitting a
first gain value and
a second gain value to the mobile terminal, wherein the first gain value is
associated with
controlling transmission power for transmitting data acknowledge information,
and the second
gain value is associated with controlling transmission power for transmitting
channel quality
information independent from the first gain value, and the first and second
gain values are
capable of being received by a plurality of mobile terminals associated with
the network; and
receiving the data acknowledgement information from the mobile terminal
through an
acknowledgement channel transmitted at acknowledgement channel power
determined by
the mobile terminal using at least a nominal reverse acknowledgement channel
attribute gain
and the first gain value.
According to one embodiment, the network further comprises receiving a
channel quality indicator through a channel quality indicator channel
transmitted by the
mobile terminal with channel quality indicator channel power determined by
using at least a
nominal reverse channel quality indicator channel attribute gain and the
second gain value.
Some embodiments enable efficient control of the transmission powers of the
R-CQICH and R-ACKCH. Some embodiments reduce overhead messages being
transmitted from the base station to the mobile terminal.
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It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the
following detailed description of some embodiments of the present invention
are exemplary
and explanatory and are intended to provide further explanation of the
invention as claimed.
Brief Description of The Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further
understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part
of this
application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the
description serve
to explain the principle of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. I is simulation results with R-ACKCH nominal attribute gain of -3dB.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a transmission power control method of R-CQICH.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a transmission power control method of R-ACKCH.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of an overhead message format including
RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT and RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT values.
FIG. 5 illustrates a mobile communication device according to one
embodiment of the present invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out The Invention
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Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of the
present
invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Wherever
possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to
refer to the
same or like parts. Although the present invention is illustrated with respect
to a mobile
terminal, it is contemplated that the present invention may be utilized
anytime it is desired
to provide new transport configurations for establishing a connection between
a mobile
communication device and a network (also referred to as a base station).
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a transmission power control method for R-CQICH.
Referring
to FIG. 2, a mobile terminal receives a signal transmitted from a base station
(S11) and
then estimates a current forward channel quality (S12). And, the mobile
terminal computes
an R-CQICH transmission power using a CQICH power gain to a reverse pilot
power value
RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT received from the base station (SI3, S14). It should be
noted
that the steps of estimating the current forward channel quality (SI 2) and
receiving
RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT from the base station (S13) may be interchanged.
Preferably, the transmission power of R-CQICH is computed using Equation 1.
[Equation 1] PRCQICH = mean pilot channel output power + 0.125
*(Nominal_ Reverse_Channel_Quality_Indicator_Channel_Attribute_Gain
+ Reverse_Channel_Quality_Indicator Channel Attribute_Adjustment Gain
+ Reverse_Channel_Adjustment_Gain[R-CQICH]
- Multiple-Channel-Adjustment Gain[R-CQICH]+ RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT)
In Equation 1, the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a
reverse
pilot channel, Nominal_Reverse_Channel_Quality_Indicator
Channel_Attribute_Gain is a
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gain value previously known to a base station and a mobile terminal,
Reverse_Channel_Quality_lndicator Channel_Attribute_Adjustment Gain[R-CQICH]
is a
gain value that the base station informs each mobile terminal via message if
necessary,
Reverse_ChannelAdjustment Gain[R-CQICH] is a gain value that the base station
informs each mobile terminal via message if necessary,
Multiple-Channel Adjustment_Gain[R-CQICH] is a gain value used when at least
two
code channels are assigned to the mobile terminal as well as the reverse pilot
channel,
and RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT is a gain value of R-CQICH power to a reverse pilot
channel
power that the base station informs the all mobile terminals in a cell via an
overhead
message.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a transmission power control method for R-ACKCH.
Referring
to FIG. 3, data are preferably transmitted at high data rate between the base
station and
the mobile terminal in a following manner.
A base station transmits a packet to a mobile terminal. And, the mobile
terminal having
received the packet (S21) performs decoding thereon (S22).
If the decoding is successful (S22) (i.e., there is no error in the decoded
data), the
mobile terminal transmits an acknowledgment (ACK) signal to the base station
to inform
the successful decoding. The base station having received the ACK signal
transmits a next
packet.
If the decoding fails (S22), the mobile terminal transmits a non-
acknowledgement
(NAK) signal to the base station to inform the decoding failure (S25). The
base station
having received the NAK signal retransmits the packet.
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The ACK/NAK signal is transmitted via a R-ACKCH. The transmission power of R-
ACKCH is computed using the ACKCH power gain to a reverse pilot power value
(RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT) received from the base station (523, S24). And, the
ACK/NAK
signal is transmitted to the base station with the computed transmission power
(S25).
Preferably, the transmission power of R-ACKCH is computed using Equation 2.
[Equation 2] PACKCH = mean pilot channel output power + 0.125
* (Nominal_ReverseAcknowledgement_Channel_Attribute_Gain
+ Reverse_ Channel Adjustment_Gain[R-ACKCH]
- Multiple-Channel-Adjustment-Gain [R-ACKCH] + RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT)
In Equation 2, the mean pilot channel output power is a mean power value of a
reverse
pilot channel, Nominal-Reverse-Acknowledgement-Channel-Attribute-Gain is a
gain
value previously known to a base station and mobile terminal,
Reverse_ChannelAdjustment Gain[R-ACKCH] is a gain value that the base station
informs each mobile terminal via message if necessary,
Multiple_ChannelAdjustment Gain[R-ACKCH] is a gain value used when at least
two
code channels are assigned to the mobile terminal as well as the reverse pilot
channel,
and RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT as a gain value of R-ACKCH power to a reverse pilot
channel power that the base station informs the all mobile terminals in a cell
via an
overhead message.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of an overhead message format including
RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT and RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT values. Such message is
transmitted from a base station to a mobile station residing in a cell
controlled by such
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base station.
Referring to FIG. 4, RLGAIN_CQICH_PILOT and RLGAIN ACKCH_PILOT values for
computing the transmission powers of R-CQICH and R-ACKCH, respectively, can be
transmitted using one or more fields of ESPM (Extended System Parameters
Message),
5 MCRRPM (MC-RR Parameters Message), UHDM (Universal Handoff Direction
Message),
and ECAM (Extended Channel Assignment Message). The ESPM and MCRRPM are
common channel messages which are provided to a plurality of mobile terminals
in a cell.
On the other hand, UHDM and ECAM are dedicated messages which are provided to
a
specific mobile terminal in a cell.
10 Accordingly, the present invention efficiently controls the transmission
powers of each
of the R-CQICH and R-ACKCH. And, the present invention reduces the amount of
data
being transmitted from the base station to the mobile terminal.
Referring to FIG. 5, a block diagram of a mobile communication device 400 of
the
present invention is illustrated, for example a mobile phone for performing
the methods of
15 the present invention. The mobile communication device 400 includes a
processing unit
410 such as a microprocessor or digital signal processor, an RF module 435, a
power
management module 405, an antenna 440, a battery 455, a display 415, a keypad
420, a
storage unit 430 such as flash memory, ROM or SRAM, a speaker 445, a
microphone 450,
and, optionally, a SIM card 425.
A user enters instructional information, such as a telephone number, for
example, by
pushing the buttons of the keypad 420 or by voice activation using the
microphone 450.
The processing unit 410 receives and processes the instructional information
to perform
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the appropriate function, such as to dial the telephone number. Operational
data may be
retrieved from the storage unit 430 to perform the function. Furthermore, the
processing
unit 410 may display the instructional and operational information on the
display 415 for
the user's reference and convenience.
The processing unit 410 issues instructional information to the RF section
435, to
initiate communication, for example, by transmitting radio signals comprising
voice
communication data. The RF module 435 includes a receiver and a transmitter to
receive
and transmit radio signals. The antenna 440 facilitates the transmission and
reception of
radio signals. Upon receiving radio signals, the RF module 435 may forward and
convert
the signals to baseband frequency for processing by the processing unit 410.
The
processed signals may be transformed into audible or readable information
output, for
example, via the speaker 445.
It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the steps described in
FIGS. 2 - 4 may
be readily implemented using, for example, the processing unit 410 or other
data or digital
processing device, either alone or in combination with external support logic.
Although the present'invention is described in the context of mobile
communication, the
present invention may also be used in any wireless communication systems using
mobile
devices, such as PDAs and laptop computers equipped with wireless
communication
capabilities. Moreover, the use of certain terms to describe the present
invention should
not limit the scope of the present invention to certain type of wireless
communication
system, such as CDMA. The present invention is also applicable to other
wireless
communication systems using different air interfaces and/or physical layers,
for example,
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TDMA, FDMA, WCDMA, UMTS, etc.
The preferred embodiments may be implemented as a method, apparatus or article
of
using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce
manufacture
software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. The term "article of
manufacture" as used herein refers to code or logic implemented in hardware
logic (e.g.,
an integrated circuit chip, Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), Application
Specific
Integrated Circuit (ASIC), etc.) or a computer readable medium (e.g., magnetic
storage
medium (e.g., hard disk drives, floppy disks, tape, etc.), optical storage (CD-
ROMs, optical
disks, etc.), volatile and non-volatile memory devices (e.g., EEPROMs, ROMs,
PROMs,
RAMs, DRAMs, SRAMs, firmware, programmable logic, etc.).
Code in the computer readable medium is accessed and executed by a processor.
The code in which preferred embodiments are implemented may further be
accessible
through a transmission media or from a file server over a network. In such
cases, the
article of manufacture in which the code is implemented may comprise a
transmission
media, such as a network transmission line, wireless transmission media,
signals
propagating through space, radio waves, infrared signals, etc. Of course,
those skilled in
the art will recognize that many modifications may be made to this
configuration without
departing from the scope of the present invention, and that the article of
manufacture may
comprise any information bearing medium known in the art.
The logic implementation shown in the figures described specific operations as
occurring in a particular order. In alternative implementations, certain of
the logic
operations may be performed in a different order, modified or removed and
still implement
CA 02546389 2006-05-12
WO 2005/048498 PCT/KR2004/002936
18
preferred embodiments of the present invention. Moreover, steps may be added
to the
above described logic and still conform to implementations of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and
variations
can be made in the present invention. Thus, it is intended that the present
invention covers
the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within
the scope of
the appended claims and their equivalents.
