Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ECT/EP2005/001410
Drehtainer GmbH
Building
The invention relates to a shelter or a building consisting
of at least one building part in form of a freight
container comprising side walls, a ceiling and a floor.
In areas, where there is a risk of detonations, buildings
protected or armoured against pressure waves are required.
These have not proved themselves ultimately, and that not
even then, if they are formed with wall, floor and ceiling
panelling, which deforms under pressure exposure and
therefor absorbs a large part of the pressure wave energy.
That is, it cannot be avoided thereby that a strong
pressure wave develops and propagates, the forces of which
attack in the floor area of the building and can exert such
a blow to the feet of a person situated there that the
person can be seriously injured. This also happens, when
the detonation occurs at the side of the building.
The invention intends to remedy this and provides a
building, the components of which effectively protect a
person situated inside, which is achieved in that on the
interior a floor panel loosely lies on the floor, which is
several cm smaller than the interior.
In the present invention an effect of inertia is utilised:
if a detonation occurs, the corresponding pressure wave can
reach the housing and mechanically load the housing
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correspondingly, but the floor panel remains stationary in
place due to its inertia and does not exert any mechanical
loads or blows on a person situated there, disregarding the
fact, whether the person stands or sits on a chair there.
The thickness of the panel ranges according to the
invention from several cm or more, wherein the larger
thickness also entails a correspondingly higher inertia.
The floor panel is distanced on all sides in the range of
centimetres to the side boundaries of the building, that is
to the walls, and freely movable rests on suitable
supports.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the floor panel
is formed with fasteners for the transport. These can be
apertures, which are aligned with bores in the lower part
of the container such that simple bolt or screw connections
can be formed. These connections are to be effective only
during transport and ensure that the relatively heavy floor
panel cannot move even in case of strong accelerations of
the vehicle during transport.
A further preferred embodiment is characterised in that in
addition to the floor panel in the clearance between an
inner wall and a surrounding outer wall arranged in spaced
relationship thereto profiled parts telescoping with each
other in pairs are arranged spaced from each other, the end
pieces of which are each attached at the top and bottom. It
can be achieved by this formation of the building walls
that a pressure wave coming from the outside only damages
the walls, but loses such a lot of energy thereby that the
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pressure wave practically cannot exert any effect onto the
interior and especially the floor panel any more.
It is within the scope of the present invention, to design
the profiled parts with a special length and to produce
them from steel sections preferably in the shape of square
sections.
Finally, a still larger energy amount can also be absorbed
by surfaces increasing friction in the telescoping profiled
parts, which is taken from the propagating pressure wave
and results in an enlarged protection of the persons
located inside of the building.
The invention is illustrated below with reference to the
drawings.
Figure 1 shows a top view onto the interior of a building
according to the invention.
Figure 2 shows a front view of figure 1.
Figure 3 shows a vertical sectional view of a part of the
wall construction of a building according to the invention
in undamaged condition.
Figure 4 shows the corresponding conditions after a
detonation.
Figure 5 shows a view according to A-A of figure 3, however
scaled down 2:1.
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The shown embodiment of a building according to the
invention consists substantially of a freight container
formed with four side walls, wherein only one side wall is
indicated by the reference number 1 in figure 1. Inside and
spaced from the inner walls, a floor panel 3 in one piece
has been loosely laid onto the floor of the container. One
of four bores has been indicated by 2, which passes through
the floor panel 3 and enables that a bolt can be inserted
through it and screwed into the floor 4 for the transport.
Not shown in the figures is a net or a sheet or a
supporting film, which covers and bridges the clearances
between the outer boundary of the floor panel and the
adjacent inner walls.
It is within the scope of the present invention, to arrange
several such containers next to each other and connect
them. In any case an anti-shock effect is achieved by the
floor panel 3 for each individual shelter of such a
building, because the floor of the building can move with
regard to the floor panel, but the panel does not change
its position due to its inertia.
In the figures 3 and 4, a part of the shelter of a building
according to the invention is shown, which is circumscribed
by two walls surrounding each other, that is an inner wall
and an outer wall 11.
According to the invention, this clearance between inner
walls 10 and outer walls 11 is designed in a special
manner, wherein Figure 3 shows an embodiment, wherein a
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supporting profiled part projects substantially vertically
downwards. This tubular profiled part 20 is welded on there
and receives in its interior a rod shaped matching part 21
of hollow section, which projects upwards in corresponding
vertical alignment from the floor. The two profiled parts
20 and 21 can perform telescoping movements with each
other, if an explosion, for example, produces a pressure
wave, which acts from the side towards the shelter (figure
4). The conditions arising in this situation illustrate
that the inner and the outer walls 10 and 11 can be
deformed and that the profiled parts 20 and 21 in this
counteract this deformation.
The profiled parts 20 and 21 can be arranged in a suitable
side distance from each other, as this can be seen in fig.
5. These distances depend on the size of the shelter, but
also on the cross-sectional dimensions of the profiled
parts 20 and 21.
It is not substantial for the invention, whether the
receiving telescoping part is attached at the ceiling or at
the floor, important is that these parts can perform the
desired telescoping movement with regard to each other,
wherein this movement can be attenuated by means increasing
friction at the surfaces.
A substantial factor in the invention is also that the
upper profiled part is attached to the ceiling, and that in
an area, in which the ceiling can deform downwards in case
of a pressure wave. Also in this respect deformation energy
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is concerned, which must be used up and takes a substantial
part off the energy present in the pressure wave.
As a material for the profiled parts metal and especially
steel is suitable, square section parts can be inserted,
which telescope with each other, wherein the square section
can have a cross-sectional dimension in the range of 3 x 5
cm.
Furthermore, a net 30 can be provided (figs. 3 and 4),
which is arranged in a certain distance to the inner wall
and substantially vertical, in order to avoid that the
parts of the wall detached in case of an explosion wave can
move into the interior of the building.
