Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MANAGING
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION OF ELECTRONIC CONTENT
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This patent application is based on and claims priority to U.S.
Provisional
Patent Application, Serial Number 60/601,532, filed on August 13, 2004 and
entitled
"SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING FORMATTED PRINT PAGES (III),"
the entire contents of all of which are hereby incorporated herein by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates generally to virtual documents and, more
particularly, to copyright data associated with virtual documents and/or
electronic
content.
Description of the Related Art
[0003] Virtually all content provided in electronic form, such as on computer
systems
and made available over the internet, is copyrighted. In accordance with U.S.
law,
copyright protection extends to original expression that is fixed in a
tangible form, such
as on a computer, that is not in the public domain. Furthermore, much of the
copyrighted
content that is provided in electronic form is registered with the United
States Copyright
Office. Unfortunately for many copyright owners, providing copyrighted
material in
electronic form has increased the ability for unauthorized copies to be made
and
distributed, and no form of remuneration is realized.
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[0004] Referring to the drawings in which like reference numerals refer to
like
elements, Fig. 1 shows an example prior art hardware arrangement for viewing,
reviewing and outputting internet web site content. As shown in Fig. 1, an
internet web
server 2 provides electronic content 3 to a user terminal 4 that communicates
with the
web server 2 via communication network 16. Content 3 can include, for example,
text,
graphics, pictorial, audio and video material. The user terminal 4 preferably
employs
software that enables a communication session to be established between the
user
terminal 4 and the web server 2. Preferably, the web server 2 employs software
enabling
a communication session, for example an HTTP session, to be established
between the
user terminal 4 and the web server 2. Also as shown in Fig. 1, a printer 7 is
preferably
controlled by user terminal 4 to provide printed output of content 3. For
example, after a
person views content 3 on user terminal 4 using typical web browser software,
the person
selects an option to print the content 3 on printer 7.
[0005] Co-pending U.S. Patent Applications Serial No. 11/199,358, 11/193,716
and
10/671,194, assigned to the assignee of the present invention, describe a
system and
method for providing formatted print pages of electronic content 3. In one
embodiment,
a request is received for formatted print pages related to content 3 provided
one or more
internet web sites. After the request is received, a layout is applied for the
content 3 and
electronic production information representing instructions for fulfilling the
request is
transmitted to a fulfillment facility where the formatted print pages are
generated and
delivered to the requestor. In another embodiment, the electronic content 3 is
stored on
the user's hard drive or over a private network.
[0006] A need exists in the industry for an improved way to enable requestors
and
providers of formatted print pages to monitor and manage information related
to
copyrights of electronic content 3 and corresponding formatted print pages.
Owners of
copyrighted material that is produced in the form of formatted print pages
want to realize
financial gain therefrom. Providers of formatted print pages need to monitor
copyright
information and ensure that no copyright infringement is caused by reproducing
copyrighted material. Moreover, consumers want to receive formatted print
pages that
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the consumer receives with confidence that the formatted print pages do not
infringe an
author's copyright.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention addresses shortcomings in the prior art by
improving the
way information related to copyrights of electronic content 3, virtual
documents and
corresponding formatted print pages is collected, managed and distributed.
[0008] The present invention improves the way information related to copyright
of
electronic content 3, such as virtual documents and corresponding formatted
print pages
is received, managed, and distributed. A database is preferably provided that
stores
information regarding electronic content 3, such as virtual documents,
formatted print
pages, and related copyright information. Preferably, information regarding a
virtual
document is correlated with related information in the database, such as
regarding a
copyright holder. Other information about the virtual document, such as a
copyright
arrangement for the particular document, payment due information, or the like
similarly
related to virtual documents is stored and referenced.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the present invention comprises a system and
method for securing authorization to include at least some of copyrighted
content in
electronic or physical form. The invention comprises storing in a database
electronic
information regarding electronic and physical content. A request is received
for the
electronic or physical form that includes the at least some of the first
content. Moreover,
a determination is made whether the electronic information includes permission
to
include the at least some of the first content; and the electronic or physical
form is
preferably provided when the electronic information includes permission to
include at
least some of the first content.
[0010] In an alternative embodiment, the invention further comprises
requesting
permission to provide the electronic or physical form when the electronic
information
does not include permission to include at least some of the first content.
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[0011] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become
apparent
from the following description of the invention which refers to the
accompanying
drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] For the purposes of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the
drawings a
form which is presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the
invention is not
limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentalities shown. The features
and
advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following
description
of the invention that refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0013] Fig. 1 shows an prior art hardware arrangement for viewing, reviewing
and
outputting internet web site content 3;
[0014] Fig. 2 shows an example hardware arrangement in a preferred embodiment
of
the present invention;
[0015] Fig. 3 illustrates the functional elements of a user terminal;
[0016] Fig. 4 illustrates an example layout of database tables in accordance
with an
example embodiment;
[0017] Fig. 5 illustrates an example display screen 500 that is provided to a
user who
requests formatted print pages;
[0018] Fig. 6 illustrates an example display screen which is provided to a
copyright
owner or authorized agent thereof in order to receive authorization for
producing
formatted print pages of copyrighted material; and
[0019] Fig. 7 is a flow chart that illustrates example steps associated with a
preferred
embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
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[0020] The present invention improves the way information related to copyright
of
electronic content 3, virtual documents and corresponding formatted print
documents is
received, managed, and distributed. In a preferred embodiment of the present
invention,
information regarding copyrights, including information concerning a
relationship
between a service provider and a copyright holder is stored in a database.
Preferably, the
invention electronically correlates a virtual document with information in the
database,
such as regarding a copyright holder, and provides additional information
about the
virtual document, such as a copyright arrangement for the particular document,
payment
due information, or the like. Preferably, the present invention also stores
recording or
other use information. For example, the invention monitors and stores how many
times a
particular document has been printed, how much money has been collected from
customers, how many times and how much money was distributed to a copyright
owner,
and so forth.
[0021] As used herein, the term, "module" refers, generally, to one or more
discrete
components that contribute to the effectiveness of the present invention.
Modules can
operate or, alternatively, depend upon one or more other modules in order to
function.
[0022] Also as used herein, the term "virtual document," refers generally, to
a file
that, when processed by appropriate software running on an appropriate device,
is
displayed on a display device in a way that suggests, imitates, simulates, or
emulates the
appearance of a real, physical document. Also as used herein, a "virtual
document" is not
the file itself but a display of a file. Virtual documents include, for
example, word
processing documents, spreadsheet files, digital images and the like.
[0023] Fig. 2 shows an example hardware arrangement in a preferred embodiment
of
the present invention, including a hardware arrangement for providing
formatted print
pages, and referred to generally as system 10. The electronic content 3 for
the formatted
print pages may be web-based, as described in co-pending U.S. Patent
Application, Serial
No. 10/671,194, or, alternatively, may be from content 3 stored on a so-called
locally
installed drive or over a private network. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2,
system 10
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comprises at least one production information processor 12, and at least one
customer
information processor 14 and adapted to access communication network 16. Each
of the
production information processor 12 and the customer information processor 14
preferably provide respective internet web sites that includes content 3
information for
respective visitors, substantially as described in co-pending U.S. Patent
Application,
Serial No. 10/671,194.
[0024] Also as shown in Fig. 2, a fulfillment facility terminal 22
communicates with
at least the production information processor 12 and receives instructions
with respect to
a request for printed forms of content 3. Although the embodiment shown in
Fig. 2
identifies the fulfillment facility terminal 22 separate from the production
information
processor 12, the fulfillment facility terminal 22 can be under the direct
control of the
proprietor of the production information processor 12.
[0025] In the example shown in Fig. 2, fulfillment facility terminal 22
preferably
includes a formatted print output printer 24. In addition to the formatted
print output
printer 24, one or more other devices are preferably provided and used in
accordance
with the present invention. For example, a fulfillment facility terminal 22
employs a
binding machine 28 to combine individual sheets. Further, a saddle stitch
machine 30
may be provided to provide a professional appearance for the printed output.
Further, a
folding machine 26 may be employed by the fulfillment facility terminal 22 in
order to
prepare signatures, i.e., sets of one or more sheets for binding. As shown in
Fig. 2, the
output related devices, including, the folding machine 26, binding machine 28,
and saddle
stitch machine 30 are presented as separate and apart from the formatted print
output
printer 24. Of course, one skilled in the art will recognize that two or more
of these
devices may be integrated into a single device.
[0026] In the preferred embodiment, information processor 12 maintains
copyright
database 17 which includes one or more databases of information related to the
teachings
herein. Although the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 illustrates database 17 on
information
processor 12, one skilled in the art will recognize that database 17 may be
stored and/or
operated on any on or plurality of devices. For example, customer information
processor
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14 and/or user terminal 4 may access database 17 to add, update or retrieve
information
to/from database 17. As note above, examples of information stored in
copyright
database 17 include information regarding copyright holders, internet service
providers,
recording and use of copyrighted material, and financial payments for copies
and/or
formatted print pages of copyrighted material. An embodiment of database 17 is
more
fully described with reference to Fig. 4.
[0027] Continuing with the example hardware arrangement illustrated in Fig. 2,
user
terminals 4, production information processor 12 and customer information
processor 14
are any devices that are capable of sending and receiving data across
communication
network 16, e.g., mainframe computers, mini computers, personal computers,
laptop
computers, a personal digital assistants (PDA) and internet access devices
such as Web
TV. In addition, production information processors 12 and customer information
processors 14 are preferably equipped with a web browser, such as MICROSOFT
INTERNET EXPLORER, NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR and the like.
[0028] The nature of the present invention is such that one skilled in the art
of writing
computer executable code (i.e., software) can implement the described
functions using
one or more of a combination of popular computer programming languages and
developing environments including, but not limited to C, C++, Visual Basic,
JAVA,
HTML, XML, ACTIVE SERVER PAGES, JAVA server pages, servlets, and a plurality
web site development applications.
[0029] For example, data may be configured as an MICROSOFT EXCEL spreadsheet
file, as a comma delimited ASCII (American Standard Code for Information
Interchange)
text file, as a MICROSOFT SQL SERVER compatible table file, or the like. In
another
embodiment, data may be formatted as in image file (e.g., TIFF, JPG, BMP, GIF,
or the
like). In yet another embodiment, data may be stored in an ADOBE ACROBAT PDF
file. Preferably, one or more data formatting and/or normalization routines
are provided
that manage data received from one or a plurality of sources. For example, an
image file
may be received over a communication network that includes copyright
information. The
copyright information is preferably automatically determined and stored in
copyright
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database 17. In another example, data are received that are provided in format
(e.g.,
MICROSOFT EXCEL), and programming routines are executed that convert the data
to
another formatted (e.g., ASCII comma-delimited text).
[0030] It is contemplated herein that any suitable operating system can be
used on
user terminal 4, production information processor 12 and customer information
processor
14, for example, DOS, WINDOWS 3.x, WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS 98, WINDOWS
NT, WINDOWS 2000, WINDOWS ME, WINDOWS CE, WINDOWS POCKET PC,
WINDOWS XP, MAC OS, UNIX, LINUX, PALM OS POCKET PC and any other
suitable operating system.
[0031] Fig. 3 illustrates the functional elements of user terminal 4,
production
information processor 12 and/or customer information processor 14 and include
one or
more central processing units (CPU) 32 used to execute software code and
control the
operation of user terminal 4, read-only memory (ROM) 34, random access memory
(RAM) 36, one or more network interfaces 38 to transmit and receive data to
and from
other computing devices across a communication network, storage devices 40
such as a
hard disk drive, floppy disk drive, tape drive, CD ROM or DVD for storing
program
code, databases and application data, one or more input devices 42 such as a
keyboard,
mouse, track ball, microphone and the like, and a display 44.
[0032] The various components of user terminal 4 need not be physically
contained
within the same chassis or even located in a single location. For example,
storage device
40 may be located at a site which is remote from the remaining elements of
production
user terminal 4, and may even be connected to CPU 32 across communication
network
16 via network interface 38. Production information processor 12 preferably
includes a
memory equipped with sufficient storage to provide the necessary databases,
forums, and
other community services as well as acting as a web server for communicating
hypertext
markup language (HTML), Java applets, Active-X control programs or the like to
customer information processors 14. Production information processors 12 are
arranged
with components, for example, those shown in Fig. 3, suitable for the expected
operating
environment of production information processor 12. The CPU(s) 32, network
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interface(s) 38 and memory and storage devices are selected to ensure that
capacities are
arranged to accommodate expected demand.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment, one or more modules are preferably provided
that
determine whether a virtual document requested to be provided as formatted
print pages
is associated with a stored record in database 17. For example, a database
record
representing copyright ownership of a virtual document is stored in a table.
When a
request is made for formatted print pages of the virtual document, the
database record
associated with the virtual document is referenced and a user is informed
thereof. Thus,
the invention preferably includes programming that enables making such an
association.
[0034] Fig. 4 illustrates an example layout of database tables comprising
database 17
in accordance with an embodiment. One skilled in the art will recognize that
the
embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is illustrative and that many other tables, table
formats and
other kinds of information are envisioned herein, which can be added or
substituted to
comprise database 17. The lines connecting the tables in Fig. 4 represent how
the tables
interact, for example, as a function of data fields that are common to a
plurality of tables.
[0035] Continuing with the example in Fig. 4, six example tables are
illustrated:
copyright database information table 402, virtual document table 404, virtual
document
source table 406, formatted print pages table 408, copyright holder
information table 410
and copyright payment data table 412. Copyright database table 402 includes
data fields
directed to copyright notice information and copyright holders. Virtual
document table
404 includes data fields directed to virtual documents and/or content 3 a user
desires to
be provided as formatted print pages. Virtual document source table 406
includes data
fields for storing information related to locations (e.g., electronic or
physical) where
virtual documents are stored and/or available. Formatted print pages 408
includes data
fields directed to formatted print pages of virtual documents. In the example
shown in
Fig. 4, formatted print pages table 408 includes data fields for copyright
information,
respective dates that formatted print pages are ordered and received, and
financial
amounts charged and received for formatted print pages. Copyright holder table
410
includes information directed to copyright holders and/or authorized agents
thereof. For
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example, copyright holder table 410 includes data fields for name, e-mail and
physical
addresses, or the like. Copyright payment data table 412 preferably stores
information
directed to financial amounts charged and/or received for reproducing
copyrighted
material. For example, an owner of a copyright in an particular digital image
of a bird
charges $12.00 per copy. Such information is preferably stored in copyright
payment
data table 412.
[0036] Thus, the example collection of tables illustrated in Fig. 4 represent
one
embodiment of copyright database 17. The tables are preferably joined by
common
fields and, in accordance with the teachings herein, software programs operate
to retrieve,
add, delete and/or update information stored in the tables. Further, the
present invention
preferably includes automatically creating a record in the database 17 and
adding
information regarding copyright holders that are not already listed in the
database. Also,
preferably, a way for determining copyright information for a virtual
document, for
example, by using heuristics or other methods to find a copyright notice is
provided. For
example, a search for a reference regarding copyright is made. The search may
be for
information formatted as ASCII text, or, alternatively, may be for information
provided
in some other format. For example, an electronic image may comprise a
copyright
notice. In accordance with the teachings herein, software routines are
preferably
executed to locate such a copyright notice. In one embodiment, a process
referred to in
the art as "screen scraping" is performed and copyright information is
determined
thereby. Any suitable technique known to one skilled to extract information
from an
electronic file is envisioned herein.
[0037] Preferably, the invention matches copyright holder information provided
in the
virtual document with a database of copyright holders, for example, by using
heuristics or
other methods, to identify matches between the database records and the
copyright holder
information. Preferably, matching technique(s) can incorporate both exact and
partial
matches.
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[0038] In a preferred embodiment, when a user selects a graphic screen
control, such
as a button, to initiate a request for formatted print pages, the present
invention
establishes a communication session with the party or parties responsible for
permitting
reproduction of copyrighted material. For example, the invention establishes a
communication session directly between the requestor and the provider of a
virtual
document (e.g., a PDF document) in order to get permission to reproduce the
virtual
document. Alternatively, a web site that provides a link to a virtual document
establishes
a session with the provider to get permission to reproduce the virtual
document.
[0039] Further, the present invention includes communicating with an end-
customer.
Fig. 5 illustrates an example display screen 500 that is provided to a user
who requests
formatted print pages. In the example shown in Fig. 5, an image 502 of a bird
is
displayed, and an internet uniform resource locator (URL) 504 is similarly
displayed that
represents the location where the image is stored. In the example shown in
Fig. 5, a web
page depicting robins and sparrows is provided at the uniform resource
locator,
www.birdsofamerica.com/robins&sparrows.html.
[0040] Continuing with the example display screen 500 in Fig. 5, a graphical
screen
control 506 is formatted as a button and provided that, when selected,
displays terms and
conditions associated with the order for formatted print pages. Moreover, a
message area
508 is displayed that informs the customer that a request for a printed copy
of the virtual
document may result a delay in delivery of formatted print pages due to a
requirement to
secure permission to reproduce the copyrighted material. Alternatively, in
case
permission authorizing the reproduction of a virtual document is transmitted
by, for
example, the copyright holder, the present invention informs the requesting
customer that
permission to reproduce the copyrighted material has been received and that
the order is
being processed.
[0041] Also in a preferred embodiment, the present invention is operative to
add or
remove the display of one or more graphical screen controls, such as buttons,
icons,
hyperlinks or other controls that offer an end user formatted print pages
(e.g., formatted
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in a bound printed copy of the virtual document) from content 3 in a display
screen that
represents or displays the virtual document (not shown). For example, in case
permission
to reproduce a virtual document has been denied or not yet obtained from a
copyright
owner, the present invention can disable or hide the controls that are
operative to initiate
a request for formatted print pages for content 3 identified by or located in
a display
screen.
[0042] Preferably, the present invention also provides communicating via
automatic,
semi-automatic or entirely manual ways with the identified copyright owner,
the owner's
authorized agent or other possible copyright holders in order to seek
permission to print
or otherwise make a copy of the virtual document. In a preferred embodiment,
some
offer is electronically transmitted to the copyright owner, such as for a
royalty payment,
in order to obtain permission to reproduce the copyrighted material.
[0043] Fig. 6 illustrates an example display screen 600 which is provided to a
copyright owner or authorized agent thereof in order to receive authorization
for
producing formatted print pages of copyrighted material, for example, in a
virtual
document. In the example shown in Fig. 6, URL 602 is provided which points to
the
same web page shown in Fig. 5, www.birdsofamerica.com/robins&sparrows.html.
Further, terms and conditions button 604 is provided which, when selected,
displays
information regarding terms and conditions for providing authorization for
providing
formatted print pages. For example, terms and conditions may include a
copyright
royalty payment amount (for example, from data stored in copyright payment
data table
412), a number of times a virtual document can be reproduced, and other
related
contractual and legal terms.
[0044] Continuing with the example display screen 600 shown in Fig. 6, message
area
606 provides an affirmative statement that the copyright owner or authorized
agent is
authorizing use of the virtual document. Button 608 is preferably provide
that, when
selected, operates to transmit authorization by the copyright owner (or
authorized agent)
for producing formatted print pages of the virtual document. Although the
example
shown in Fig. 6 represents a virtual document (in this case, a web page) that
is to be
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reproduced as formatted print pages, it is envisioned herein that the present
invention is
applicable for any copyrightable material that can be copied and/or
reproduced. For
example, an audio file may be stored on an internet server and available over
the World
Wide Web. A user of the present invention can seek permission, and permission
can be
granted by an authorizing party to copy the audio file. Thus, the description
of the
present invention is not intended to limit or reduce the scope of the
invention to virtual
documents and/or formatted print pages.
[0045] Further, the present invention includes searching the internet and/or
World
Wide Web for virtual documents (e.g., PDF documents), on any or selected web
sites, or
any other location where virtual documents are stored, for which permission to
reproduce
a virtual document has not yet been secured. In an embodiment, the present
invention
requests such permission prior to any request from an end user has been
generated for
reproduction of virtual documents as formatted print pages. For example, the
present
invention includes a means for recording and tracking such requests in a
database, and
references the database 17 to determine whether permission to reproduce
virtual
documents as formatted print pages has been obtained.
[0046] Fig. 7 is a flow chart that illustrates example steps associated with a
preferred
embodiment. In step S 102, a user, for example, operating a web browser
software
application requests an order for formatted print pages. The request is
received and
heuristics, such as described above, are applied in order to determine the
location of a
copyright notice (step S104). Database 17 is preferably referenced to
determine whether
the copyright notice (if found), or other indicator of the virtual document
has been
previously stored (step S 106). If not, database 17 is preferably updated with
information
regarding the virtual document (or other electronic content 3) (step S 108).
If a record is
found that matches the copyright notice, then in step S110 a query is made to
determine
whether permission to reproduce the requested virtual document has already
been
received.
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[0047] Continuing with reference to the flow chart in Fig. 7, in case no
record of
permission to reproduce the virtual document has been determined in step S
110, then a
request for authorization is preferably transmitted to the copyright owner (or
authorized
agent thereof) (step S112). For example and as shown in Fig. 6, a
communication session
is preferably established with the copyright owner (or authorized agent
thereof) and a
form is provided that enables the owner/agent to authorize use of the virtual
document (or
other content 3) in some form. In step S 114, a determination is made whether
authorization has been received. If not, then in step S 116 the user is
informed that
authorization has not been received and the process terminates at step S 120.
If
authorization is received , then in step S118, formatted print pages are
produced.
Similarly, if in step S 110 a determination is made that permission for
producing
formatted print pages comprising the content 3, for example in a virtual
document is
stored in database 17, then the process branches to step S 118 and formatted
print pages
are produced. Thereafter, the process terminates at step S 120.
[0048] Thus, in a particular embodiment, the present invention provides a new
way to
provide formatted print pages comprising content 3 from virtual documents.
More
particularly, the invention manages information regarding permission to
reproduce
copyrighted material, for example, in formatted print pages. The invention
further
provides ways to secure permission to reproduce virtual documents, enables or
disables
graphic screen controls that are operative to request formatted print pages,
and provides
messages to requestors of formatted print pages regarding the status of a
request for
formatted print pages.
[0049] Other uses and products provided by the present invention will be
apparent to
those skilled in the art. The present invention is applicable for securing
copyright
permission to reproduce any electronic content in any way. For example,
permission for
using a particular song in a collection can be secured according to the
teachings herein.
Alternatively, permission for making electronic copies of copyrighted material
can be
afforded according to the teachings here.
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[0050] Thus, although the present invention has been described in relation to
particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and
other uses
will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore,
that the present
invention not be limited by the specific disclosure herein.
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