Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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TITLE
SELF-ADHERED FLANGE FOR USE WITH NON-FLANGED WINDOWS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
This invention is directed to materials and methods for sealing
windows and other fenestration products from moisture intrusion.
2. Description of Related Art
Flanges or nailing fins on windows, doors and other fenestration
products, in which the flange is integral to and continuous with the window
frame, provide a surface that is fully connected to the window for adhesive
flashing materials to adhere to, enabling the flashing product to create a
continuous watertight seal at the window-wall interface in structures, such
as buildings. However, flanges are not present in all windows or
fenestration products (hereinafter referred to as "windows"). Non-flanged
windows and windows with brickmold frames (hereinafter referred to as
"brickmold windows") are prone to moisture intrusion, due to difficulty in
achieving a continuous flashing integration between the window and the
wall. Thus, the typical installation method for these types of windows
involves a bead of building sealant between the fenestration product and
the wall, which is not a durable, continuously integrated moisture seal and
is prone to failure after environmental exposure. This results in a higher
tendency for moisture damage to the window and the surrounding wall,
including rot and mold growth. No known methods exist to install non-
flanged and brickmold windows in a way that effectively seals the window-
wall interface with a continuous integration of self-adhered flashing to
prevent moisture intrusion. It would be desirable to have a product and
window installation method, which would integrate the window-wall
interface in window systems using windows without flanges.
In addition, applied rigid flanges, which may or may not be integral
to the window, can be problematic in sealing the window-wall interface due
to bending or cracking of the flange, or poor joint sealing. It would be
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desirable to have a product and window installation method that would
obviate the need for rigid flanges.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention is a self-adhering flange material for sealing
interfaces between fenestration products and walls, comprising at least
one top coversheet and at least one bottom coversheet with a pressure-
sensitive adhesive layer sandwiched between the two coversheets,
wherein the coversheets occupy an appreciable width of the flange but do
not extend across the entire width of the flange and thereby are offset with
respect to each other thereby providing opposing first and second
exposed surfaces of the pressures sensitive adhesive layer.
This invention is also encompasses various methods for installing
fenestration products into walls using the subject flange material.
DEFINITIONS
The term "flanged windows" refers to windows, doors, or other
fenestration products that include a flange or nailing fin intended to cover
any space between the window frame and the rough opening in the wall.
The flange or fin may be integral to the fenestration product, or may be
applied.
The term "non-flanged windows" refers to windows that do not
include a flange intended or nailing fin to cover the space between the
window frame and the rough opening in the wall.
The term "brickmold frame" refers to decorative trim attached to or
integral to the window frame that covers any space between the window
frame and the opening in the wall into which the window is installed. The
term "brickmold window" refers to a window having a brickmold frame.
The term "window jamb" or "jamb" refers to the side of the window
frame. The window jamb is typically vertical.
The term "windowsill" or "sill" refers to the bottom portion of the
window frame. The windowsill is typically horizontal.
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The term "window head" or "head" refers to the top portion of the
window frame. The window head is typically horizontal.
The term "window" refers to any window, door, or other fenestration
products intended to be installed in an opening in a wall.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate, without limitation, the
presently contemplated embodiments of the invention and, together with
the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Figure 1 is a perspective cross-sectional view of one embodiment
of the flange material of the invention.
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the
flange material of the invention.
Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of the
flange material of the invention.
Figures 4 through 6 are perspective views useful in illustrating the
method of installing the flange material of the invention on a non-flanged
window frame, and subsequently installing the window in an opening in a
wall.
Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of the
flange material of the invention.
Figures 8 through 13 are perspective and side views of a brickmold
window frame useful in illustrating the method of installing the window into
an opening in a wall in such a way that the flange material of the invention
is formed as the window is installed.
Figures 14 through 17 are perspective and plan views of a
brickmold window frame useful in illustrating the method of installing the
window into an opening in a wall using the flange material of the invention
to seal the window to the wall.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The flange material of this invention can be applied to all non-
flanged windows, brickmold windows, and windows having applied flanges
to form a self-adhering flange that provides a means for achieving a
continuous moisture seal integration of the window-wall interface. The
flange additionally prevents moisture from entering around fasteners, such
as nails, that penetrate the flange material and the window frame. As
further described below in various installation methods, pieces of flange
material are positioned at the window wall interface to form the flange.
Upon installation, the flange typically comprises a headpiece of flange
material positioned at the top of the window -wall interface and two jamb
pieces of flange material positioned at the sides of the window wall
interface.
As depicted in Fig. 1, one embodiment of flange material 10 is an
elongated laminate structure formed from at least one top and one bottom
coversheet (12 and 16, respectively) with a pressure-sensitive adhesive
layer 14 sandwiched between the two coversheets. The coversheets
occupy an appreciable width of the flange but do not extend across the
entire width of the flange and thereby provide an apparent overlap with
respect to each other. Release papers 18 that cover the adhesive
surfaces are not necessarily required but aid considerably in handling and
during installation as will be presented in the various installation methods
to be described below. For purposes of convenience in designating
portions of the flange material in Fig 1, the width of one release paper is
labeled as 10a and the portion of the second and opposite release paper
is designated as 10c. A portion 10b can designate the extent of overlap
between the first and second coversheets in the width of the flanges.
If desired, the flange material can be fabricated in the field. For
example, flange material 20 as shown in Fig. 3 can be fabricated by
contacting an elongated portion of the adhesive surfaces 22 of two pieces
of flexible self-adhering flashing 21 together such that the flashing pieces
overlap as represented by portion 20b and an elongated portion of each of
the two adhesive surfaces as represented by 20a and 20c remain
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exposed. When fabricated in the field, the flange material of the invention
can utilize, for example, flexible self-adhering flashing material that will
provide a durable moisture seal to the window-wall interface. Various
sizes and styles of suitable flashing material are DuPont FlexWrapTM
flexible flashing or DuPont StraightFlashT"' flashing, available from
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware (hereafter
DuPont).
There is a method for installing a non-flanged window into a wall
opening whereby the interface between the window and the wall is sealed
using either of the flange materials described above in Figs. 1 or 3. The
method described as follows uses the flange material of Fig. 1 and as
illustrated in Figs. 4 - 6, however it is recognized that the structure
depicted in Fig. 1 is not intended to limit the steps of the method. It is
further noted that Fig. 4 includes notation indicating whether the view is
from inside or outside of the structure. These notations are used in Fig. 4
and other figures as matter of convenience. The steps of the method are
as follows:
a) adhering a first adhesive surface as represented by
10a of a piece of the flange material (the "headpiece" 111) to the
outer surface of the head 121 of the window and extending to the
outer surface of the upper portion of each jamb of the window;
b) adhering a first adhesive surface as represented by
portion 10c of a second piece of the flange material (the "jamb
piece" 112) to the outer surface of the entire length of each jamb
122 of the window, thereby overlapping the headpiece adhered to
each jamb in step (a) as shown. in Fig. 4;
c) installing and securing the window 114 in the opening
of wall 250, per normal procedures, such that the head of the
window is located at the top of the wall opening and the remaining
unadhered portions, as represented, for example, by portion10c in
Fig. 1 of the headpiece and jamb pieces of step (a) and step (b)
extend outward from the wall as shown in Fig. 5;
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d) adhering the remaining unadhered portions of the
pieces of flange material of step (a) and step (b) to the wall above
the head of the window and adjacent each jamb of the window such
that the headpiece covers an upper portion of each of the jamb
pieces in a shingled manner as shown in Fig. 6.
The window is thereby sealed to the surrounding wall and any
water that contacts the outer surface of the headpiece will be directed
downward below the top of the jamb pieces so that there is virtually no
opportunity for the water to penetrate the window-wall interface.
Another embodiment of the invention is useful for sealing brickmold
windows. According to this embodiment as shown in Fig. 7, the flange
material 30 is an elongated material having a coversheet 32 on one
surface thereof and a pressure sensitive adhesive 34 on the other surface
thereof. The pressure sensitive adhesive surface is covered with release
paper 36 that has perforations 37 extending along substantially parallel
lines that are also substantially parallel with the lengthwise edges of the
flange. As previously note in embodiments above, release papers are not
necessarily required but aid considerably in handling and during
installation. The release paper covers three elongated portions of the
adhesive surface (30a, 30b and 30c), the portions defined by the
perforations in the release paper. It is noted that the number of
perforations and the resultant defined portions can vary as may be
required for proper installation. The flange of this embodiment is suitable
for the installation of windows having brickmold frames.
One method for installing a brickmold window into a wall opening
whereby the interface between the window and the wall is sealed is
described in the following steps as Brickmold Method 1. This method may
also be applied to windows having integral and applied flanges. The
window is sealed by means of a flange material as shown in Fig. 7 having
release paper perforated along two length-wise lines. Although the
method will be described by reference to Fig. 7, there is no intent to limit
the steps of the method. In this method, the flange is formed as the
window is installed. This method is illustrated in Figs. 8-13.
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a) A first adhesive surface exposed by removing portion 30a of
release paper 36) of a piece of flange material ("headpiece" 211) is
adhered to the upper surface 221 of the window frame such that the
line formed between portion 30a and the remaining width-wise
portion of the headpiece (represented by 30b and 30c together) is
positioned in the corner between the upper surface of the window
frame and the back surface 223 of the brickmold frame of the
window. The presence of the release paper on the remaining
width-wise portion of the flashing provides a straight edge,
facilitating positioning the flange material in the corner.
b) A second adhesive surface exposed by removing the central
portion 30b of release paper 36, of the headpiece is adhered to the
back surface 223 (i.e., the interior-facing side) of the brickmold
frame of the window. The remaining edge portion 30c of release
paper remains adhered to and covering the corresponding adhesive
surface.
c) As shown in Fig. 8, a cut is made in the headpiece 211 in the
corners between each window jamb and the back surface of the
brickmold frame on both sides of the window frame and the
headpiece of flashing on both sides of the window frame is adhered
to the outside (upper) surface 222 of each window jamb.
d) As shown in Fig. 9, a first adhesive surface exposed by
removing portion 30a of release paper 36 of another piece of self-
adhering flashing material (the "jamb piece" 212) is adhered to the
outer surface 222 of one of the window jambs such that the line
formed between portion 30a and the remaining width-wise portion
of the jamb piece (represented by 30b and 30c together) is
positioned in the corner between the outer surface of the window
jamb and the back surface of the brickmold frame. Preferably, the
top of the jamb piece 212 should not extend more than about one
inch above the window head.
e) A second adhesive surface exposed by removing the central
portion 30b of release paper 36, of the jamb piece is adhered to the
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back surface 223 (i.e., the interior-facing side) of the brickmold
frame. The remaining edge portion 30c of release paper remains
adhered to the corresponding adhesive surface.
f) As shown in Fig. 9, a cut is made in the jamb piece directly
above the adhered portion 30a along the outside corner between
the outer surface of the jamb and the outer surface of the head, and
the portion of the jamb piece above the cut is adhered to the top
surface 221 of the window head.
g) Steps (d)-(f) are repeated on the other window jamb using a
separate jamb piece of flange material (i.e., a third piece of flange
material). A side view of the window frame with the installed pieces
of flange material is shown in Fig. 10.
h) As shown in Fig. 11, the window frame is then installed in the
opening in the wall 250 per the window manufacturer's
recommended procedure. As shown in Fig. 12, the remaining edge
portion 30c of release paper 36 is intact on each piece of flange
material so that the remaining release paper is facing out away
from the wall (on the outside surface of the wall) surrounding the
window.
i) The remaining, third adhesive surface of one of the jamb
pieces is exposed along one side of the window by removing the
remaining portion of release paper.
j) As shown in Fig. 13, the adhesive surface of a covering
piece of flashing 300 is adhered directly to the exposed third
adhesive surface and the adjacent wall surface thereby forming a
strong adhesive-to-adhesive seal (forming the flange) and sealing
one side of the window to the wall.
k) Steps (i)-(j) are repeated on the other side of the window.
I) Optionally, the remaining release paper is removed from the
headpiece and a drip cap is installed over the top of the window
frame, and then covered by a piece of covering flashing overlapping
the top of the drip cap and the wall.
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m) If a drip cap is not used, the remaining release paper is
removed from the headpiece and a covering piece of flashing is
adhered overlapping the top of the headpiece and the wall.
Another method for installing a brickmold window frame into a wall
opening is designated as Brickmold Method 2, whereby the interface
between the window and the wall is sealed includes the following steps.
Again, this method may be used to install windows having integral and
applied flanges. In this method, the flange is prepared first, and then
attached to the window before the window is installed. The flange material
as depicted in Fig. 2 may be used advantageously in this method. For
purposes of convenience in designating portions of the flange material in
Fig. 2, the width of one release paper is labeled as 18a and 18a' and the
portion of the second and opposite release paper is designated as 18c
and 18c'. A portion 18b can designate the extent of offset or overlap
between the first and second coversheets in the width of the flanges.
Further, it is recognized that the structure depicted in the figure is not
intended to limit the steps of the method.
The method for installing a brickmold window frame using the
aforementioned flange is described as follows and illustrated in
Figs. 14-17.
A length of the flange material (the "head flange" 311),
advantageously several inches longer than the width of the brickmold
frame, is folded along one of the perforations 19 in the release paper to
expose a line of adhesive as between 18a and 18a'.
The line of adhesive is positioned in the corner along the top of the
window frame between the back surface 323 of the brickmold frame and
the upper surface 321 of the window head.
a) The release paper 18a is removed from the portion of the
head flange in contact with the back surface of the brickmold frame
and adhered to the back surface of the brickmold frame. As shown
in Fig. 14, the head flange is cut at the outer corners between the
upper surface of the window head and the outer surfaces of the
jambs, and folded down on the back surface of the brickmold frame.
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b) Another length of the flange (the "jamb flange" 312),
advantageously a few inches longer than the height of the
brickmold frame is folded along one of the perforations 19 in the
release paper to expose a line of adhesive as in step (a).
c) As in Fig. 15, the line of adhesive on the jamb flange is
positioned in the corner along one side of the window frame
between the outer surface 322 of the jamb and the back surface
323 of the brickmold frame so that the flange slightly overlaps the
head flange 311 and extends below the window frame.
d) The release paper 18a is removed from the portion of the
jamb flange in contact with the surface 322 of the jamb and
adhered thereto. The release paper 18a' is removed from the
portion of the jamb flange in contact with the back surface 323 of
the brickmold frame and adhered to the back surface of the
brickmold frame.
e) As shown in Fig. 15, the jamb flange is cut at the outer
corners between the lower surface of the window frame and the
outer surface of the jamb and folded onto the back surface of the
brickmold frame.
f) Steps (e) through (h) are repeated to install a separate jamb
flange on the other side of the window as shown in Fig. 15.
g) The window is installed in a wall opening per the window
manufacturer's recommended installation procedure. The installed
window is shown from the outside in Fig. 16.
h) The remaining release paper 18c and 18c' is removed from
the head flange and the jamb flanges and the exposed adhesive
surfaces are adhered to the outside wall surface.
i) Optionally, most of the exposed adhesive on the head flange
is cut away, leaving a small amount of adhesive remaining along
the edges of the flange.
j) Self-adhering flexible flashing material 310 is adhered over
the intersection of the head and jamb flanges as shown in Fig. 17.
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I"lie tiange material may ne applied to the window during window
fabrication. In this case, the window could be provided as it is at the end
of step (i) above, and the remaining steps (j) through (m) would be carried
out, for example, by the installers at a building site.
In each of the previous embodiments, the pressure sensitive
adhesive used in the flange material of the invention can be butyl rubber
adhesive, bituminous adhesive, acrylic, or combinations thereof (layers or
blends). Additionally, the pressure sensitive adhesive can be neoprene,
polymers based on epdm (ethylene propylene diene monomer), or other
adhesives generally used in construction applications. The thickness of
the pressure sensitive adhesive is between about 15 mils (0.38 mm) and
25 mils (0.64 mm). The pressure sensitive adhesive provides a watertight
seal around fasteners that penetrate the flange material.
The material used as the coversheet material in the flange material
of the invention can be any nonwoven sheet, film, coated paper, coated
nonwoven sheet, or nonwoven-film laminate suitable for use in a flexible
flashing material. The coversheets can be polyolefin plexifilamentary film-
fibril sheet, available under the trade name Tyvek from DuPont.
Alternatively, the coversheet of the flange can be made from a
relatively rigid material such as metal or plastic formed into the required
shape for the various installations noted above. The rigid material would
have a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer applied to provide attachment to
the windows and building structure.
As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, although reference is
made herein to adhering the flange material to a wall, it is also expected
that the flange material of the invention can be adhered to a wall covered
by a weather resistive barrier sheet.
It may be further appreciated that the flange can likewise include a
sill piece appropriately installed to form a total barrier system around the
wall-window interface to further preclude moisture intrusion.
Test Methods
The installations were tested for air leakage using ASTM E 283.
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i ne instaiiations were tested for water resistance using
ASTM E 331.
The durability of the selected installations was then evaluated by
subjecting the walls first to thermal cycling and re-testing for air leakage
and water resistance, and secondly by subjecting the walls to wind load
using ASTM E 330 for one hour in the positive direction and one hour in
the negative direction, and then re-testing for water resistance. The
thermal cycling of exterior walls was conducted according to AAMA
(American Architectural Manufacturers Association) 501.5. Standard Test
Method for Exterior Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors for Water
Penetration using Dynamic Pressure.
Examples 1-4
A series of laboratory tests was designed to determine water
resistance, air leakage resistance, and durability of installation using
different methods and different flashing materials. Installations were
carried out installing JELD-WENO double hung wood windows (available
from JELD-WEN, Klamath Falls, Oregon) with applied brickmold frames
into wood frame walls. The testing was conducted in two phases. First,
air and water resistance of window installations were evaluated.
Secondly, air and water resistance were evaluated after thermal cycling
followed by wind loading.
Four test walls were constructed for the testing. All four walls were
constructed using Spruce-Pine-Fir nominal 2 in x 4 in lumber and covered
with oriented strand board sheathing applied to 16 in on center studs. All
walls were 5 ft wide by 7 ft 6 in high and contained one brickmold window
unit. The window used in each case was a JELD-WENO wood double
hung window with applied brickmold. The windows were each 2 ft 10 in
wide x 3 ft 4 in high. Four different flashing installations methods were
utilized as described below in Examples 1-4.
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Example 1
A wall unit as described above was wrapped with Tyvek
HomeWrap (available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company,
Wilmington, Delaware) prior to installing the window. DuPont FlexWrapTM
(available from E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) was installed on
the sill per normal installation procedures recommended by the
manufacturer and an adhesive foam tape was installed under the DuPont
FlexWrapTM to form a back dam.
In this installation, 4 in wide DuPont StraightFlashT"' (available from
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company) flashing having three perforated
sections of release paper was the primary part of the flange material
system. Head and jamb pieces of DuPont StraightFlashT'" were installed
on the head and sides of the window prior to installation of the window into
the rough opening, using the above-described Brickmold Method 1.
With the final pieces of the release liner still covering the adhesive
on the flashing installed on the brickmold window frame, the window was
installed per manufacturer's recommended procedure. Next, the final
pieces of release paper remaining on the window were removed, exposing
a strip of butyl adhesive on the exterior of the wall adjacent the window on
each side. Next, another covering piece of 4 in wide DuPont
StraightFlashT"' flashing with similarly perforated release paper was
applied over this as follows. One of the release papers along the edge of
the flashing was removed, and the edge of the exposed butyl was placed
flush adjacent the corner between the outer surface of the brickmold frame
and the exterior surface of the wall such that the edge of the butyl touched
the inside of the corner. Once the butyl edge adhered to the inside corner,
the rest of the exposed butyl strip was laid down onto the already installed,
exposed butyl strip adjacent the window. This created a very strong butyl-
to-butyl seal. This seal created the flange material.
The procedure for installing a covering piece of flashing was
repeated on other side of the window.
Finally, the flange material system was completed and integrated
into the wall by removing the last two strips of release paper from the
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covering pieces of flashing and laying the exposed butyl adhesive
smoothly onto the exterior wall surface to complete the seal of the window-
wall interface.
A metal drip cap was installed and the DuPont StraightFlashT " was
installed over the drip cap followed by a flap of the previously installed
Tyvek HomeWrap . The Tyvek HomeWrap was taped over the drip
cap and tape was applied in a shingled fashion to avoid leakage.
Air and water resistance of this window installation are given in
Table 1. Air and water resistance after thermal cycling and water
resistance after wind loading of this window installation are given in
Table 2.
Example 2
A wall unit as described above was wrapped with Tyvek
HomeWrap prior to installing the window. DuPont FlexWrapTM was
installed on the sill and an aluminum angle was installed under the DuPont
FlexWrapTM to serve as a back dam.
The flange material was prefabricated by attaching two 4 in wide
pieces of DuPont StraightFlashT"' together. The flange material was
installed on the window at the window head and then the jambs.
The window was installed using Brickmold Method 2 and the final
pieces of release papers were removed and adhered to the Tyvek
HomeWrapTM. The remaining exposed butyl on the top flange was cut
away and the remaining exposed flange area was covered with a 6 in to
8 in long piece of 4 in wide DuPont StraightFlashr"'
Air and water resistance of this window installation are given in
Table 1. Air and water resistance after thermal cycling and water
resistance after wind loading of this window installation are given in
Table 2.
Example 3
A wall unit as described above was wrapped with Tyvek
HomeWrap after the window was installed. DuPont FlexWrapTM was
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instalCed on the wirid'owsifl and an aluminum angle was installed under the
DuPont FlexWrapTM to serve as a back dam. The flange material was
prefabricated by attaching two 4 in wide pieces of DuPont StraightFlashT""
together. The flange material was installed on the window jambs. At the
head of the window, a 4 in wide piece of DuPont StraightFlashT"~ was
adhered to the top of the window frame and the back of the decorative
brickmold with the final piece of release paper facing out above the
decorative brickmold using Brickmold Method 2.
The window was installed, then the rest of the release paper on the
flange material was removed and the flange material was adhered to the
wall. A drip cap was installed at the head of the window and a piece of
DuPont StraightFlashT"' was placed over the drip cap. Then the wall was
wrapped with Tyvek HomeWrap and the joints were taped.
Air and water resistance of this window installation are given in
Table 1. Air and water resistance after thermal cycling and water
resistance after wind loading of this window installation are given in
Table 2.
Example 4
The window was installed into a wall unit as in Example 2 (that is
using Brickmold Method 2) except that the wall unit was wrapped with
Tyvek HomeWrap after the window was installed. The flange material
for the head was fabricated in a "T" configuration by cutting a smaller
piece of flashing the width of the window frame and centering it on a
relatively larger piece of flashing.
Air and water resistance of this window installation are given in
Table 1. Air and water resistance after thermal cycling and water
resistance after wind loading of this window installation are given in
Table 2.
Table 1
0
Ex. Air Air Air Air Air Air Water Water
No. Infiltration Infiltration Infiltration Exfiltration Exfiltration
Exfiltration Test at Test at
at 0.56 psf at 1.57 psf at 6.24 psf at 0.56 psf at 1.57 sf at 6.24 psf 0.56
psf 1.56 psf cfm/ft ) cfm/ft cfm/ft ) cfm/ft ) cfm/ft (cfm/ft
1 0.33 0.60 1.28 0.40 0.73 1.70 Pass Pass
2 0.29 0.53 1.15 0.33 0.62 1.37 Pass Pass
3 0.16 0.28 0.65 0.13 0.26 0.63 Pass Pass
4 0.09 0.18 0.45 0.13 0.26 0.67 Pass Pass
Table 2 ~
0
N
Ln
Ex. Air Air Air Air Air Air Water Water Static Static Water Water
No. Infiltration Infiltration Infiltration Exfiltration Exfiltration
Exfiltration Test at Test at Load at Load at Test at Test at
at 0.56 psf at 1.57 psf at 6.24 psf at 0.56 psf at 1.57 psf at 6.24 psf 0.56
1.56 +10.42 -10.42 0.56 1.56
psf psf psf psf psf psf o
Cfm /ft2) (cfm/ft ) (cfm/ft ) (cfm/ft ) (cfm/ft ) (cfm/ft)
1 0.39 0.74 1.69 0.34 0.62 1.30 Pass/ Pass/ Pass Pass Pass/ Pass/
Leak1 Leak2 Leak1 Leak2 10
tD
2 0.36 0.63 1.40 0.32 0.54 1.15 Pass/ Pass/ Pass Pass Pass/ Pass/
Leak~ Leak1 Leak~ Leak1
3 0.14 0.26 0.63 0.20 0.28 0.65 Pass Pass/ Pass Pass Pass Pass/
Leak~ Leak1
4 0.13 0.26 0.67 0.09 0.18 0.45 Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass/
Leak3
1 Water laying on front edge of sill plate.
2 Water percolating at right side of bottom corner of sill plate.
3 Water entered at the right side interior windowsill leg.
In both Tables 1 and 2 cfm means cubic feet per minute and psf means pounds
per square foot.
16
CA 02586917 2007-05-09
WO 2006/066034 PCT/US2005/045483
None of the leaks observed involved the installed flange material of
the invention. None of the leaks were considered to be significant. In all
examples, even after static load testing, the water did not get past the
installed flange material of the invention to the interior plane of the
installed window. These results demonstrate the durability of the flange in
use.
17
