METHOD FOR DATA COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A VEHICLE AND A REMOTE TERMINAL.

PROCEDE DE COMMUNICATION DE DONNEES ENTRE UN VEHICULE ET UN TERMINAL DISTANT

English Abstract

In one embodiment there is disclosed an apparatus for validating with minimal
delay data
transmitted to a data bus of a vehicle from a remote location and data
transmitted from the
data bus of the vehicle to a remote location. The apparatus comprises a local
transceiver in
operable electrical communication with the data bus of the vehicle and
suitable to transmit
data from the data bus to a remote location and receive data transmitted to
the data bus from a
remote location. The apparatus also comprises a local processor in electrical
communication
with the local transceiver and the data bus of the vehicle. Data output by the
local processor to
the data bus and data transmitted by the local transceiver to a remote
location are also
received by the local processor as false data and the local processor analyzes
data received by
the local processor and prevents propagation of false data to either the data
bus or to the
remote location. The local processor analyzes the data one bit at a time such
that data may be
transmitted from and to the data bus with minimal delay.

Claims

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THE EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION IN WHICH AN EXCLUSIVE PROPERTY OR
PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:

1. An apparatus for validating with minimal delay data transmitted to a
data bus of a vehicle from a remote location and data transmitted from the
data
bus of the vehicle to a remote location, wherein said apparatus comprises:
a local transceiver in operable electrical communication with the data bus
of the vehicle, wherein said local transceiver transmits data from the data
bus to a
remote location and receives data transmitted to the data bus from a remote
location; and
a local processor in electrical communication with both said local
transceiver and the data bus of the vehicle, wherein data output by said local

processor to the data bus and data transmitted by the local transceiver to a
remote
location are also received by said local processor as false data, wherein said
local
processor analyzes data received by said local processor and prevents
propagation
of false data to either the data bus or to the remote location, and wherein
said
local processor analyzes the data one bit at a time such that data may be
transmitted from and to the data bus with minimal delay.

2. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said local processor
determines the value of each bit of the data by sensing transition in logic
states in
the data such that said local processor processes the data with minimal delay.

3. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein the data bus is maintained
at a logic 1 value when the data bus is in an idle state in which data is not
transmitted on the data bus, and wherein said local processor in an initial
state
outputs a logic 1 value to both the data bus and the local transceiver
indicating
that data is currently not being transmitted either to or from the data bus.


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4. An apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein when said local processor
receives data from the data bus for transmittal to the remote location, said
local
processor transmits a corresponding data signal to said local transceiver, and

wherein said local processor prevents false data received by said local
processor
from propagating to the data bus.

5. An apparatus according to Claim 3, wherein when the local processor
transmits data to the data bus, said local processor prevents false data
received by
said local processor from propagating to the remote location.

6. An apparatus according to Claim 1 further comprising:
a remote transceiver remote from the vehicle, wherein said remote
transceiver transmits data to and receives data from the data bus of the
vehicle;
and
a remote processor in electrical communication with said remote
transceiver, wherein said remote processor processes both data received from
the
data bus of the vehicle and data to be sent to the data bus of the vehicle,
wherein
data transmitted by said remote transceiver to the data bus is also received
by said
remote processor as false data, wherein said remote processor analyzes data
received by said remote processor and prevents propagation of false data, and
wherein said remote processor analyzes the data one bit at a time such that
data
may be transmitted from and to the data bus with minimal delay.

7. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said local transceiver is an
infrared transceiver that receives infrared data transmitted to the data bus
from a
remote location and transmits data in an infrared format from the data bus to
a
remote location.

8. An apparatus according to Claim 7, wherein said local transceiver
transmits data using infrared data association protocol.


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9. An apparatus according to Claim 1, wherein said local transceiver is a
radio frequency transceiver that receives radio frequency data transmitted to
the
data bus from a remote location and transmits data in a radio frequency format

from the data bus to a remote location.

10. An apparatus according to Claim 1 further comprising a local memory
device in electrical communication with said local processor, wherein said
local
processor during the operation of the vehicle receives data from the data bus
relating to different systems of the vehicle and stores the data- in said
local
memory device for later transmittal to a remote location.

11. An apparatus according to Claim 6 further comprising a remote
memory device in electrical communication with said remote processor, wherein
said remote memory device contains data for transmittal to the data bus of a
vehicle, and wherein said remote processor in a data transfer mode transfers
the
data stored in said remote memory device to the data bus of the vehicle.

12. An apparatus according to Claim 1 further comprising a universal
serial bus in electrical communication with said local processor and a
computer
system of the vehicle, wherein said local processor transmits and receives
data
from the computer system over the universal serial bus.

13. A method for validating with minimal delay data transmitted to a data
bus of a vehicle from a remote location and data transmitted from the data bus
of
the vehicle to a remote location in a system where data transmitted to the
data bus
may also be received as false data at the remote location and data transmitted
to a
remote location from the data bus may also be received as false data at the
data
bus, wherein said method comprises steps of:
analyzing data transmitted to and from the data bus one bit at a time such
that data may be transmitted to and from the data bus with minimal delay; and


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preventing propagation of false data to the remote location when data is
transmitted to the data bus and propagation of false data to the data bus when
data
is transmitted from the data bus to the remote location.

14. A method according to Claim 13, wherein said analyzing step
comprises determining the value of each bit of the data by sensing a
transition in
logic states in the data such that the data is processed with minimal delay.

15. A method according to Claim 13, wherein the data bus is maintained
at a logic 1 value when the data bus is in an idle state in which data is not
transmitted on the data bus, and wherein said method further comprises the
step of
initially outputting a logic 1 value in an initial state to both the data bus
and the
remote location indicating that data is currently not being transmitted either
to or
from the data bus.

16. A method according to Claim 15, wherein when data is transmitted
from the data bus to the remote location, said analyzing step comprises
analyzing
the data one bit at a time and transmitting each bit of the data to the remote
location, and wherein said preventing step comprises preventing false data
from
propagating to the data bus.

17. A method according to Claim 15, wherein when data is transmitted to
the data bus, said analyzing step comprises analyzing the data one bit at a
time
and transmitting each bit of the data to the data bus, and wherein said
preventing
step comprises preventing false data from propagating to the remote location.

18. A method according to Claim 13 further comprising the steps of
analyzing data transmitted to the data bus from the remote location one bit
at a time such that data may be transmitted with minimal delay;


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preventing propagation of false data to the remote location when data is
transmitted to the data bus;
analyzing data transmitted to the remote location from the data bus one bit
at a time such that data may be transmitted with minimal delay; and
preventing propagation of false data to the data bus when data is
transmitted to the remote location.

19. A method according to Claim 13 further comprising the step of
transmitting data to the data bus and the remote location in an infrared
format.
20. A method according to Claim 19, wherein said transmitting step
comprises transmitting data to the data bus and the remote location using
infrared
data association protocol.

21. A method according to Claim 13 further comprising the step of
transmitting data to the data bus and the remote location in a radio frequency

format.

22. A method according to Claim 13 further comprising the step of
storing data concerning different systems of the vehicle during the operation
of
the vehicle for later transmittal to a remote location.

23. A method according to Claim 13 further comprising the step of
storing data at a remote location for transmittal to the data bus of a
vehicle.

24. A computer program product for validating with minimal delay data
transmitted to a data bus of a vehicle from a remote location and data
transmitted
from the data bus of the vehicle to a remote location in a system where data
transmitted to the data bus may also be received as false data at the remote
location and data transmitted to a remote location from the data bus may also
be


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received as false data at the data bus, wherein the computer program product
comprises:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program
code means embodied in said medium, said computer-readable program code
means comprising:
first computer-readable program code means for analyzing data
transmitted to and from the data bus one bit at a time such that data may be
transmitted to and from the data bus with minimal delay; and
second computer-readable program code means for preventing
propagation of false data to the remote location when data is transmitted to
the
data bus and propagation of false data to the data bus when data is
transmitted
from the data bus to the remote location.

25. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein said
first computer-readable program code means comprises computer readable
program code means for analyzing the value of each bit of the data by sensing
transition in logic states in the data such that the data is processed with
minimal
delay.

25. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein the data
bus outputs a logic 1 value when the data bus is in an idle state in which
data is
not transmitted on the data bus, and wherein said first computer-readable
program
code means further comprises computer readable program code means for
initially
outputting a logic 1 value in an initial state to both the data bus and the
remote
location indicating that data is currently not being transmitted either to or
from the
data bus.

27. A computer program product as defined in Claim 26, wherein when
data is transmitted from the data bus to the remote location, said first
computer-


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readable program code means comprises computer readable program code means
for analyzing the data one bit at a time and outputting each bit of the data
to the
remote location, and wherein said second computer-readable program code means
comprises computer readable program code means for preventing false data from
propagating to the data bus.

28. A computer program product as defined in Claim 26, wherein when
data is transmitted to the data bus, said first computer-readable program code
means comprises computer readable program code means for analyzing the data
one bit at a time and outputting each bit of the data to the data bus, and
wherein
said second computer-readable program code means comprises computer readable
program code means for preventing false data from propagating to the remote
location.

29. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein said
first computer-readable program code means comprises:
means for analyzing data transmitted to the data bus from the remote
location one bit at a time such that data may be transmitted with minimal
delay;
and
means for analyzing data transmitted to the remote location from the data
bus one bit at a time such that data may be transmitted with minimal delay,
and wherein said second computer-readable program code means comprises:
means for preventing propagation of false data to the remote location
when data is transmitted to the data bus; and
means for preventing propagation of false data to the data bus when data is
transmitted to the remote location.

30. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein said
computer-readable program code means comprises third computer-readable


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program code means for converting data transmitted to the data bus and the
remote location in an infrared format.

31. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein said
computer-readable program code means comprises third computer-readable
program code means for converting data transmitted to the data bus and the
remote location in an infrared data association protocol format.

32. A computer program product as defined in Claim 24, wherein said
computer-readable program code means comprises third computer-readable
program code means for converting data transmitted to the data bus and the
remote location in an radio frequency format.

33. An apparatus for establishing a data communication link between a
data bus of a vehicle and a remote interrogation device where unwanted signals

may be received by the data bus and corrupt data on the data bus, wherein said

apparatus comprises:
a local transceiver in operable electrical communication with the data bus
for transmitting data to and data from the data bus;
a local processor in operable electrical communication with both said
transceiver and the data bus; and
a switch in operable electrical communication with said local processor,
local transceiver, and the data bus, wherein said switch in a closed position
connects said local transceiver and the data bus and in an open position
isolates
said local transceiver from the data bus, and wherein said local processor in
a data
transfer mode closes said switch and in an idle mode opens said switch such
that
in the idle mode unwanted signals received by said local transceiver are not
input
to the data bus.


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34. An apparatus according to Claim 33 further comprising a remote
interrogation device having a transceiver in electrical communication with a
remote processor for transmitting data to and receiving data from the data bus
of
the vehicle.

35. An apparatus according to Claim 34, wherein in a data transfer mode,
said remote processor of said interrogation device controls said remote
transceiver
to transmit a data link command to said local processor, and wherein upon
receipt
of the data link command, said local processor closes said switch to thereby
establish a data link between the data bus and said remote processor.

36. An apparatus according to Claim 35, wherein in a data transfer mode,
said remote processor of said interrogation device controls said remote
transceiver
to sequentially transmit a plurality of data link commands to said local
processor,
wherein said apparatus further comprises a counter in electrical communication

with said local processor, wherein said counter counts the number of times the

data link command is received by said local processor, and wherein said local
processor closes said switch when the number of times the data link command
was received exceeds a predetermined threshold value to thereby create a data
link between said remote processor and the data bus of the vehicle.

37. An apparatus according to Claim 36, wherein said interrogation
device controls said remote transceiver to sequentially transmit a data link
command at a predetermined time intervals to said local processor, wherein
said
counter counts the number of times the data link command is received by said
local processor, wherein said local processor monitors the time interval
between
receipt of each data link command, and wherein said local processor resets
said
counter if the data link command is not received within the predetermined time


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interval, such that the counter totals the number of times the data link
command
was transmitted consecutively.

38. An apparatus according to Claim 35, wherein when transmitting data
to the data bus in a data transfer mode, said remote processor periodically
transmits a heartbeat signal indicating an established data link between said
remote processor and the data bus, and wherein said local processor monitors
an
interval between receipt of the periodic heartbeat signal, and if the
heartbeat
signal is not received within a predetermined time interval, said local
processor
determines that that the data link is no longer viable and opens the switch
thereby
isolating the data bus from said local transceiver to alleviate the
introduction of
noise into the data bus.

39. An apparatus according to Claim 35, wherein when data is transmitted
to the data bus in a data transfer mode, said local processor monitors the
data for
errors and determines that that the data link is no longer viable when a
predetermined percentage of the data received is in error, and wherein said
local
processor opens the switch thereby isolating the data bus from the local
transceiver to alleviate the introduction of noise onto the data bus.

40. An apparatus according to Claim 35, wherein when in the data
transfer mode, said local processor periodically transmits a heartbeat signal
indicating an established data link between said remote processor and the data
bus, and wherein said remote processor monitors an interval between receipt of
the periodic heartbeat signal, and if the heartbeat signal is not received
within a
predetermined time interval, said remote processor determines that that the
data
link is no longer viable and ceases transmitting data to said local
transceiver.

41. A method for establishing a data communication link between a data
bus of a vehicle having a transceiver for receiving data and a remote
interrogation


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device where unwanted signals may be received by the data bus and corrupt data

on the data bus, wherein said method comprises the steps of
connecting the local transceiver and the data bus in a data transfer mode
such that the data bus may receive data transmitted by the remote
interrogation
device; and
isolating the local transceiver from the data bus in an idle mode such that
unwanted signals received by the transceiver are not input to the data bus.

42. A method according to Claim 41 further comprising in the data
transfer mode initially transmitting a data link command to the data bus of
the
vehicle, and wherein said connecting step comprises receiving the data link
command and connecting the local transceiver and the data bus to thereby
establish a data link between the data bus and the remote processor.

43. A method according to Claim 42, wherein in the data transfer mode
said transmitting step comprises sequentially transmitting a plurality of data
link
commands to the data bus of the vehicle, wherein said connecting step
comprises
the steps of:
receiving the data link commands;
counting the number of times the data link command is received;
comparing the number of times the data link command is received to a
predetermined threshold; and
connecting the data bus to the local transceiver when the number of times
the data link command has been received exceeds the predetermined threshold.
44. A method according to Claim 43, wherein in the data transfer mode
said transmitting step comprises sequentially transmitting a data link command
at
a predetermined time interval to the data bus, wherein said counting step
comprises counting the number of times the data link command is received,


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wherein said method further comprises the step of monitoring the time interval

between receipt of each data link command and resetting said counting step if
the
data link command is not received within the predetermined time interval, such

that said counting step totals the number of times the data link command was
transmitted without interruption.

45. A method according to Claim 43, wherein in the data transfer mode
after said connecting step said method further comprises the steps of:
periodically transmitting a heartbeat signal from the remote processor to
the data bus indicating an established data link between the remote processor
and
the data bus; and
monitoring an interval between receipt of the periodic heartbeat signals,
wherein said isolating step comprises isolating the data bus from the local
transceiver to alleviate the introduction of noise onto the data bus if the
heartbeat
signal is not received within a predetermined time interval indicating that
the data
link is no longer viable.

46. A method according to Claim 42, wherein in the data transfer mode
after said connecting step said method further comprises the steps of:
periodically transmitting a heartbeat signal from the local processor to the
remote processor indicating an established data link between the remote
processor
and the data bus;
monitoring an interval between receipt of the periodic heartbeat signal;
and
ceasing transmission of data from the remote processor to the data bus if
the heartbeat signal is not received within a predetermined time interval
indicating
that the data link is no longer viable.



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47. A method according to Claim 43, wherein said monitoring step
comprises monitoring data transmitted to the data bus for errors, and wherein
said
isolating step comprises isolating the data bus from the local transceiver
when a
predetermined percentage of the data received is in error to thereby alleviate
the
introduction of noise onto the data bus.

48. An apparatus for establishing a data link between a data bus of one of
at least two vehicles and an interrogation device having a remote processor
and a
remote transceiver, wherein said apparatus comprises:
a communication unit located on each of the vehicles, wherein each
communication unit comprises:
a local transceiver in operable electrical communication with the
data bus of the associated vehicle for transmitting data to and transmitting
data
from the data bus; and
a local processor in operable electrical communication with both
said transceiver and the data bus;
wherein the remote processor of the interrogation device controls the
remote transceiver to transmit a periodic data link command to said local
processor of each of said communication units, wherein each of said local
processors of each of said communication units receives the periodic data link

command and compares the number of times the data link command has been
received to a individual data link threshold value that differs for each
vehicle, and
wherein when the number of times the data link command is received is at least
or
great as the individual data link threshold value associated with one of the
vehicles, said local processor of said communication unit associated with the
vehicle forms a data link between the data bus of the vehicle and the remote
processor of said interrogation device such that a data link is formed between
said
interrogation device and the data bus of one of the vehicles.



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49. An apparatus according to Claim 48, wherein each of said
communication units further comprises a random number generator in electrical
communication with said local processor, wherein the data link threshold value

associated with each vehicle is defined by a preset number and a number
generated by the random number generator associated with each vehicle, wherein

the random number generator associated with each vehicle generates a random
number that is added to the preset number to create an individual data link
threshold value for each vehicle, wherein each of said local processors of
each of
said communication units receives the periodic data link command and compares
the number of times the data link command has been received to the individual
data link threshold value associated with the vehicle, and wherein when the
number of times the data link command is received is at least or great as the
individual data link threshold value associated with the vehicle, said local
processor of said communication unit associated with the vehicle forms a data
link between the data bus of the vehicle and the remote processor.

50. An apparatus according to Claim 48, wherein the remote processor of
the interrogation device ceases transmission of the data link command when a
data link is formed between the data bus of one of the vehicles and the remote

processor of the interrogation device, such that the communication unit of
another
vehicle does not attempt to establish a data link with the remote processor.

51. An apparatus according to Claim 49, wherein the remote transceiver
has a limited horizontal data transmission and reception range such that
vehicles
outside the transmission and reception range may receive intermittent data
signals
from the interrogation device.

52. An apparatus according to Claim 51, wherein the remote processor of
the interrogation device controls the remote transceiver to transmit a
periodic data


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link command, wherein each data link command is transmitted at a predetermined

time interval, wherein if said local processor of one of said communication
units
does not receive the data link command within the predetermined time interval,

said local processor resets the number of times the data link command has been

received, such that said local processor must receive a consecutive number of
data
link commands that is at least as great as the data link threshold value
before
forming a data link between the bus of the vehicle and the remote processor.

53. An apparatus according to Claim 52, wherein the preset number
portion of the individual data link threshold value for each vehicle has a
selected
value that is sufficiently large such that vehicles located outside the
horizontal
data transmission and reception range of the remote transceiver of the
interrogation device that may intermittently receive the periodic data link
command transmitted by the remote processor are less likely to receive the
data
link command consecutively enough times to exceed the individual data link
threshold value associated with the vehicle than vehicles located within the
transmission and reception range of the interrogation device.

54. An apparatus according to Claim 48, wherein said communication
unit further comprises an indicator in electrical communication with said
local
processor, wherein when a data link has been established with the remote
processor of the interrogation device, said local processor controls said
indicator
to indicate to a user that a data link has been established.

55. An apparatus according to Claim 51, wherein said communication
unit further comprises an indicator in electrical communication with said
local
processor, wherein each time the local processor receives the data
communication
link command from the remote processor of said interrogation device, said
local
processor controls the indicator to indicate to a user, such that as the
vehicle


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enters the transmission and reception range of the remote transceiver, the
indicator will indicate to the user that the vehicle is in the transmission
and
reception range.

56. An apparatus according to Claim 48, wherein said communication unit
further comprises a switch in operable electrical communication with said
local
processor, said local transceiver, and the data bus of the vehicle, wherein
said
switch in a closed position connects said local transceiver and the data bus
and in
an open position isolates said local transceiver from the data bus, and
wherein
said local processor in a data transfer mode closes said switch and in an idle
mode
opens said switch such that in the idle mode unwanted signals received by said

local transceiver are not input onto the data bus.

57. A method for establishing a data link between a data bus of one of at
least two vehicles and an interrogation device having a remote processor and a

remote transceiver, wherein said method comprises the steps of:
periodically transmitting a data link command to an individual processor
associated with each data bus of each vehicle;
receiving the periodic data link command at the processor associated with
each data bus;
comparing the number of times the data link command has been received
by the associated processor to an individual data link threshold value
associated
with each vehicle; and
forming a data link between the interrogation device and the data bus of a
vehicle having an associated data link threshold value that is at least or
great as
the number of times the data link command was received by the processor
associated with the vehicle such that a data link is formed between the
interrogation device and the data bus of one of the vehicles.


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58. A method according to Claim 57, wherein the data link threshold
value associated with each vehicle is defined by a preset number and a random
number, wherein said method further comprises the steps of:
individually generating a random number for each of the vehicles; and
adding the random number to the preset number to create an individual
data link threshold value for each vehicle.

59. A method according to Claim 57 further comprising after said
forming step the step of ceasing the transmission of the data link command
when
said forming step forms a data link between the data bus of one of the
vehicles
and the remote processor of the interrogation device, such that another
vehicle
does not establish a data link with the remote processor.

60. A method according to Claim 57, wherein the remote transceiver of
the interrogation device has a limited horizontal data transmission and
reception
range such that vehicles outside the transmission and reception range may
receive
intermittent data signals from the interrogation device.

61. A method according to Claim 60, wherein said transmitting step
comprises transmitting a periodic data link command, wherein each data link
command is transmitted at a predetermined time interval, wherein if said local

processor of one of said communication units does not receive the data link
command within the predetermined time interval, said method further comprises
the step of resetting said counting step, such that the local processor must
receive
a consecutive number of data link commands that is at least or great as the
data
link threshold value before said forming step forms a data link between the
data
bus of the vehicle and the remote processor.

62. A method according to Claim 61 further comprising the step of
selecting a preset number portion of the individual data link threshold value
for


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each vehicle such that the data link threshold value associated with each
vehicle is
sufficiently large such that vehicles located outside the horizontal data
transmission and reception range of the remote transceiver of the
interrogation
device that may intermittently receive the periodic data link command are less

likely to receive the data link command enough consecutive times to exceed the

individual data link threshold value associated with the vehicle than vehicles

located within the transmission and reception range of the interrogation
device.

63. A method according to Claim 57 further comprising the step of
indicating to a user of the vehicle when said forming step forms a data link
with
the remote processor of the interrogation device and the data bus of the
vehicle.

64. A method according to Claim 57 further comprising the step of
indicating to a user of the vehicle each time said receiving step receives the
data
communication link command, such that as the vehicle enters the transmission
and reception range of the remote transceiver, said indicating step indicates
to the
user of the vehicle that the vehicle is in the transmission and reception
range.

Description

CA 02590532 2007-06-19

METHOD FOR DATA COMMUNICATION BETWEEN A VEHICLE AND A REMOTE TERMINAL
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of
vehicle data communications and, more particularly, to
data communications from a vehicle to a remote
location.

Background Of The Invention
Data communications within vehicles has developed
extensively over the years. The truck industry, for
example, has for many years used tractor/trailer
combinations to transport cargo over the roadways to
intended destinations. As shown in FIG. 1, an ensemble
of components, including a tractor 10 and a trailer 20
mechanically couple together so that the tractor can
pull the trailer, from a vehicle 5, often referred to
as a"rig, which can transport cargo in an efficient
and cost effective manner. Various links between the
tractor and the trailer provide vehicle subsystems with
power and/or control signals to operate. Hydraulic,
pneumatic, electrical, and other subsystems on the rig
have associated electrical conductors and pneumatic
lines running therebetween so these subsystems can'
operate. These electrical conductors and pneumatic
lines typically include quick-disconnecting,
standardized connectors and couplers so that rig


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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components, such as tractors, trailers and dollies (the
short trailers used to couple multiple trailer
strings), may be easily interchanged.
Because connectors in rigs are standardized, a
single tractor may be connected to and used to
transport any number of different trailers throughout
its operational life. Because of this
interchangeability, components are frequently traded,
loaned, and leased among users. For example, a trailer
l0 may be hauled to a first terminal-or other delivery
location where it is detached from the tractor which
delivered it and connected to another tractor--the new
rig destined for another terminal. Thus, a single
trailer may be under the control of several different
concerns, including trucking companies, railroads,
overseas shippers, and truck brokers, and may be used
by several different tractor/trailer operators. The
same is true for other components, such as tractors,
dollies, and shipping containers as well as many other
types of vehicles.
Because of the interchangeability and mobility of
these components, trucking companies, freight brokers,
law enforcement officials, and others involved in the
transport industry have developed methods to track rigs
and their components. while trucking companies and
other shippers desire to keep track of cargo and
rolling stock, law enforcement and other regulatory
agencies desire to monitor truck licensing, ownership,
cargo content, and driver workloads. Techniques have
been developed for tracking rigs and their components
as the rigs travel between cargo terminals, delivery
points, weigh stations, and the like, but these
techniques generally are cumbersome and limited in
effectiveness and informatibn capacity. Many tractors,
trailers, and other components are identified using
simple numbering systems, i.e., a serial or other
number is painted on or otherwise applied to a surface


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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of the component. These numbers typically are read and
recorded by human operators--a time-consuming process
which represents an undesirable inefficiency in an
industry in which time is usually critical. Besides
being inefficient, the human link in the accounting
process increases the chances for error and omission,
particularly under conditions of darkness or obscured
visibility.
In addition, a serial or other identification number
may fail to convey a complete identity. Cargo
contained within a trailer generally is not
identifiable by the trailer's identification number
absent a predetermined cross-reference between the
number and the cargo. Although such a cross-reference
typically can be supplied through a freight management
database, el'aborate communications systems and
recording procedures may be required to ensure data
integrity. Failures in the link of the accounting
chain may result in erroneous component and cargo
designations leading to confused shipments and
misplaced components.
Bar-code or magnetic-stripe identification systems
reduce the human error involved in the use of numbering
systems, but have drawbacks of their own. Because of
the need to make codes or magnetic stripes accessible
to readers, codes and stripes are typically affixed to
surfaces of the rig which are exposed to wind, rain,
salt, and other environmental contaminants which may
render the codes or stripes unreadable. in addition,
reading a bar code or magnetic stripe typically
requires close proximity between the reader and the
code or stripe, generally precluding remote reading or
reading while the rig is in motion. Moreover, bar
codes and magnetic stripes' have a relatively limited
informational capacity.
Accordingly, there is a need for improved systems
and methods for identifying rigs and their components


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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which have a high information transfer capacity and
which can dependably and accurately operate in the
demanding environments in which the rigs typically
operate. Moreover, these methods should be inexpensive
and easily retrofitted onto existing equipment without
major compatibility problems.
Additionally, various links between the tractor
and the trailer provide vehicle subsystems, e.g.,
hydraulic, pneumatic, or electrical, with-power and/or
control signals to operate effectively. These
subsystems have associated electrical conductors,
pneumatic lines, or hydraulic lines extending between
the tractor and trailer(s) so that these subsystems can
effectively operate.
Data communications between a tractor and
trailer for these subsystems also has been developed.
An example of this data communications ca-n be seen in
U.S. Patent No. 5,488,352 by Jasper titled
"Communications And Control System For Tractor/Trailer
And Associated Method" which is assigned to the common
assignee of the present application. As described in
this patent, the use of the Society of Automotive
Engineering ("SAE") standard J1708 titled "Serial Data
Communications Between Microcomputer Systems In Heavy
Duty Vehicle Applications" and SAE standard"J1939 are
also known for data communications in the heavy duty
vehicle environment.
Only recently, however, has the heavy duty
vehicle industries begun to use sophisticated
electrical electronic subsystems in and associated with
these vehicles to perform varied tasks that usually
involve data manipulation and transmission.
Previously, computers, controllers, and computer-type
electrical systems were simply not found in these
vehicles, such as the tractor and trailer combinations
or recreational vehicles, in a significant manner.
Much of this previous slow, or lack of, development and


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advances could be attributed, for example, to the lack
of governmental or other authoritative initiatives
which would have otherwise required systems to be
installed on these heavy duty vehicles to include
sophisticated electronics and data communications.
Although only recently have advances been made
with data communications in the heavy duty vehicle
industries, many of the advances require extensive
retrofitting or extensive additions to the heavy duty
l0 vehicle. Accordingly, many vehicle owners have been
hesitant to adopt and purchase sophisticated
electronics and data communications because of the
expense and uncertainty with the advances in the
technology. Yet, having the capability to monitor and
communicate with the various electronic subsystems of a
heavy duty vehicle such as'a tractor-trailer truck-or
recreational vehicle can be beneficial to the driver,
the owner, governmental officials or agencies, and
others having an interest in the heavy duty vehicle
industries.
Still further, many of today's vehicles are equipped
with sophisticated computer systems. These computer
systems typically include a central computer that
receives data from sensors located throughout the
vehicle. The sensors record data information
concerning systems of the vehicle, and the central
computer system uses this information to control the
operation of the vehicle, store the data for historical
purposes, and/or analyze the data for diagnostic
purposes. For example, many vehicles include central
computer systems that receive data from sensors such as
throttle sensors, oxygen sensors, and fuel flow sensors
to regulate the engine.
In addition to providing data for operation of the
vehicle, many vehicle computer systems include sensors
that provide data concerning the various systems of the
vehicle for use in diagnostic and maintenance. For


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example, many heavy duty vehicles now include sensors
that provide data relating to safety systems, such as
the status of the brakes of the vehicle. Additionally,
many systems provide logistics data relating to the
vehicle, such as mileage, fuel tank levels, fuel
mileage, status of contents hauled in the vehicle, etc.
To access data from the computer system, many of
today's vehicles include electrical pin-out connectors
that are accessible for connection. In these systems,
a diagnostic device may be connected to the pin-out
connector to receive and transmit data to and from the
onboard computer of the vehicle. In light of this,
several interrogation devices have been created in the
past few years that interface with the pin-out
connector of a vehicle and transmit and receive data
relating to the operation of the vehicle and status of
its various systems. Although these conventional
systems are effective for receiving data from and
transmitting data to the data bus of the vehicle, these
interrogation devices require physical connection to
the vehicle, which may not be desirable in situations
where the vehicle is either in transit or is remote
from the interrogation device requesting data input.
Although remote, wireless communication with the
computer system of a vehicle is typically desired, the
physical limitations of the communication
infrastructure of most vehicles hinder the move to
wireless communication. For instance, the
communication systems of many conventional vehicles,
such as heavy duty vehicles (e.g., tractor-trailer
vehicles) use communication protocol that requires
real-time communication with the vehicle.
Specifically, many heavy duty vehicles include a data
bus that is operated using one of two bus standards,
either SAE J1708 or J1939. Communication on the data
bus of these vehicles may be problematic due to the
nature of the J1708 and J1939 standards. For example,


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a data bus that uses the J1708 standard is a
differentially driven, twisted pair. The data bus of
this system is half duplexed such that data transmitted
on the data bus is transmitted on both of the twisted
pair of wires, where the data transmitted on one of the
twisted pair of wires is mirrored with respect to the
other twisted pair wire. Because data transmitted on
the bus is transmitted on both wires of the bus, the
data bus does not have a transmit and receive line.
Further, systems wishing to transmit data on the data
bus must monitor the data bus for an idle state where
data is not being transmitted, before the system
transmits data on the data bus.
As discussed, many conventional interrogation or
other types of data communication devices have been
designed for use in direct electrical communication
with the data bus of a vehicle. These systems, to some
extent, do not'experience problems with the
infrastructure or protocol of the data bus because they
are in direct electrical connection with the data bus.
This direct electrical connection allows these systems
to monitor the idle states of the data bus in real-
time. For this reason, in the past few years several
interrogation devices have been developed for
transmitting and receiving data from the data bus of a
vehicle using direct electrical communication with the
data bus. Importantly, these interrogation devices
typically use software programs that are specifically
designed to interface with the data bus in real-time.
The software programs monitor the bus for idle states
and transmit data to the bus. These systems, however,
still have extensive limitations.

Summary Of The Invention
with the foregoing in mind, the present
invention advantageously provides an apparatus and
methods of data communication between a vehicle and a


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remote data communication terminal so that various
operating characteristics of the vehicle can be monitor
or observed. The present invention also advantageously
provides an apparatus and methods of data communication
for discretely and compactly communicating data between
a vehicle and a remote data communication terminal.
The present invention additionally provides an
apparatus and method of data communication which is
readily adapted to existing vehicle data communication
technology and does not require either extensive
retrofitting or extensive and expensive additions to
existing vehicle data communication technology. The
present invention further advantageously provides an
apparatus and methods of data communication so that
when the apparatus is mounted to a vehicle a third
party would not readily recognize that the vehicle is
equipped for data communications from the vehicle to a
remote data communications terminal. The present
invention still further advantageously provides vehicle
identification systems and methods for identifying
vehicles such as tractor/trailer rigs and components
thereof which are accurate under low light and other
visibility-obscuring conditions, which are resistant to
electromagnetic interference, and which may identify a
tractor/trailer rig and components thereof when the
tractor/trailer rig is in motion.
Yet additionally, the present invention provides
several apparatus, methods, and computer program
products that establish a data communication link
between a remote interrogation device and the data bus
of a vehicle with reduced transmission delay. Due to
this reduced transmission delay, modifications to the
existing software of the interrogation device are not
necessary. As such, remote, wireless interrogation
devices may be designed or retrofitted in a cost
effective manner. Additionally, the present invention
provides apparatus and methods that isolate the data


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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bus of a vehicle from the transceiver used for remote
wireless communication when a data communication link
is.not established, such that spurious signals are not
applied to the data bus.
These and other objects, features and advantages of
the present invention are provided by vehicle
identification systems and methods in which an optical
identification signal representing an identity of a
vehicle, for example a tractor /trailer rig, is
produced by optical wavelength carrier communicating
means located on the vehicle, from which an identity of
the vehicle may be determining means positioned
external to the vehicle. The optical identification
signal includes an optical wavelength carrier signal,
preferably'from the infrared portion of the optical
spectrum. Preferably, the optical wavelength carrier
communicating means includes identification signal
generating means for generating an identification
signal representing an identity of the vehicle and an
optical transmitter for producing the optical
identification signal. The identification system may
further comprise an indicator
in which the optical transmitter may be retained with
the indicator including means for mounting the
indicator on the vehicle. Preferably, the indicator,
such as an existing marker or lamp on a trailer or a
tractor, preferably includes an indicator housing which
includes means for retaining the optical transmitter
within the indicator such that the optical transmitter
is concealed. More preferably, the indicator housing
preferably has an inconspicuous standard truck light
form factor similar to the running or clearance lights
commonly used on vehicles.
The present invention thus provides rapid and
accurate identification of a vehicle without requiring
the intervention of a=human operator who has high


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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associated labor costs and is prone to error. Unlike
identification systems which require close proximity to
the vehicle, such as bar code and magnetic stripe
systems, the present invention provides for remote
identification and identification when the vehicle is
moving at high rates of speed and during periods of
darkness or obscured visibility. A reasonable range
for identification is provided, even under conditions
of rain, fog, and mist, without the interference and
regulatory concerns which are often attendant to radio
frequency communications techniques. Concealing the
optical transmitter within a standard form factor
indicator renders the identification system less
conspicuous and less vulnerable to damage and theft.
In particular, a vehicle identification system
according to the present invention includes a vehicle.
Optical wavelength carrier communication means located
on the vehicle produces an optical identification
si-gnal representing an identity of the vehicle. The
optical identification signal includes an optical
wavelength carrier signal. Preferably, the optical
wavelength carrier signal includes a near infrared
wavelength carrier signal, more preferably an optical
wavelength carrier signal having a wavelength between
700 nanometers and 1400 nanometers. Identity
determining means positioned external to the vehicle
determine an identity of the vehicle from the optical
identification signal.
The optical wavelength carrier communicating
preferably includes identification signal generating
means for generating an identification signal
representing an identity of the vehicle and an optical
signal from the generated identification signal. The
optical transmitter preferably includes an array of
optical emitting diodes and a modulator which modulates
the diode array to produce the optical identification
signal. The array of optical emitting diodes


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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preferably includes infrared emitting diodes, more
preferably gallium aluminum arsenide infrared emitting
diodes having peak gain for wavelengths between
approximately 700 nanometers and approximately 1400
nanometers.
According to a'Standalone ID Tag" aspect of the
present invention, the indicator includes an indicator
housing which retains the identification signal
generating means and the optical transmit-ter within the
indicator. The resulting combination provides a
simple, low-cost "tag" for identifying a vehicle or
component. The tag may be easily connected to a power
bus, for example, using an existing running or
clearance light location. Existing equipment may thus
be easily and inexpensively retrofitted with such
standalone tags. "
A data communication apparatus for a vehicle is
also provided according to the present invention.
Although the vehicle is preferably a heavy duty vehicle
such as is preferably a tractor and a trailer connected
to the tractor. The tractor preferably includes a cab.
The data communications apparatus is preferably
connected to the tractor and the trailer for
communicating data to and from the tractor and the
trailer to a remote data terminal. The data
communications apparatus preferably includes a
plurality of electrical conductors associated with and
extending between the tractor and the trailer. A
connector is connected in series with the plurality of
electrical conductors and, for example, can be
positioned in the cab of the tractor or outside of the
tractor or trailer or other portions of a vehicle such
as in a side light marker. The apparatus also includes
vehicle data communications protocol converting means
connected to the plurality of electrical conductors for
converting a first data communications protocol used to
communicate data along the plurality of electrical


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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conductors to a second data communications protocol.
For example, the second data communications protocol is
preferably one of either an infrared data
communications protocol or a radio frequency ("RF")
data communications protocol. A first transceiver is
associated with the connector and is connected to the
vehicle data.communications protocol converting means
for transmitting and receiving the second data
communications protocol. A remote data communication
terminal which preferably includes a second transceiver
for transmitting the second data communications
protocol to the first transceiver and receiving the
data communications protocol from the first
transceiver.
A method of data communications associated with
a heavy duty vehicle is also provided according to the
present invention. The method preferably includes
providing a plurality of electrical conductors
associated with a heavy duty vehicle and converting a
first data communications protocol associated with data
communications along the plurality of conductors to a
second data communications protocol. The second data
communications protocol is preferably one of either an
infrared data communications protocol or a radio
frequency ("RF") data communications protocol. The
method also includes transmitting the data
communications protocol from the heavy duty vehicle to
a remote data communications terminal.
Further, the present invention provides apparatus
and methods that facilitate data communication with a
vehicle, when the vehicle is located within the
transmission and reception range of the interrogation
device. Also, the present invention provides apparatus
and methods that can facilitate establishment of a data
communication link with one vehicle in environments
where several vehicles are within the transmission and
reception area of the interrogation device.


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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As discussed above, on problem with conventional
retrofit interrogation devices is the need to update or
reprogram the existing software to accommodate for
delays associated with wireless transmission of data.
To remedy problems associated with wireless data
transmission delays, the present invention provides an
apparatus for validating data transmitted to and data
transmitted from a data bus, such that receipt of false
data either by the data bus or the remote location is
eliminated. Further, the presentinvention analyzes
the data bit by such that the data is transmitted in a
wireless format with minimal delay.
The apparatus of this embodiment includes a
transceiver in operable electrical communication with
the data bus of the vehicle. This transceiver is used
to transmit data from the data bus to a remote location
and receive data transmitted to the data bus from a
remote location: Connected to the receiver is a
processor that analyzes data either transmitted to or
received from the data bus.
In operation, the processor analyzes data received
by the Micro processor one bit at a time to decrease
delay in a data processing. Additionally, the Micro
processor analyzes the data received by the processor
and prevents propagation of false data from'being
applied to either the data bus or to the remote
location. As such, the apparatus of the present
invention allows for wireless data communication with
minimal delay, while also alleviating problems
associated with receipt of false data.
In one embodiment, the processor of the present
invention decreases the delay for transmission of data
by monitoring the edge of each bit. Specifically, the
Micro processor of this embodiment determines the value
of each bit of the data by sensing transition in logic
states in the data, such that the processor processes
the data with minimal delay.


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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In addition to providing an apparatus and method for
establishing a data link having minimal delay between a
data bus of a vehicle and a remote interrogation
device, the present invention also provides computer
program products. Specifically, the present invention
provides a computer-readable storage medium having
computer-readable program code means embodied in the
storage medium. The computer-readable program code
means include first computer-readable program code
means for analyzing data transmitted to and from the
data bus one bit at a time such that data may be
transmitted to and from the data bus with minimal
delay. The computer-readable program code means also
includes a second computer-readable program code means
for preventing propagation of false data to the remote
location when data is transmitted to the data bus and
propagation of false data to the data bus when data'is
transmitted from the bus to the remote location.
In addition to providing apparatus, methods,
computer program products that validate with minimal
delay data transmitted to and from the data bus of a
vehicle, the present invention also provides apparatus
and methods for establishing a data communication link
between a data bus of a vehicle and a remote
interrogation device where unwanted signals may be
received by the data bus and corrupt data on the data
bus. The apparatus of this embodiment includes a local
transceiver in operable electrical communication with
the data bus of a vehicle for transmitting data to and
transmitting data from the bus. Connected to both the
transceiver and the data bus is a local processor. The
apparatus of this embodiment also includes a switch in
operable electrical communication with the local
processor, local transceiver, and the data bus. The
switch has a closed position in which it connects the
local transceiver and the data bus and an open position


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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in which it isolates the local transceiver from the
data bus.
In operation, when a data link is to be established
between the data bus of a vehicle and a remote
interrogation device, the processor closes the switch
such that the data bus may receive data transmitted to
the vehicle via the local transceiver. Importantly, in
instances in which data is not transmitted to the data
bus of the vehicle, the local processor opens the
l0 switch to thereby isolate the data bus from the
transceiver. As such, the apparatus of the present
invention allows for remote data communication with the
data bus of the vehicle, while also allowing the data
bus to be isolated from outside noise signals, when the
data bus is not receiving external data signals to
thereby alleviate corruption of existing data on the
data bus.
As discussed above, the present invention provides
an apparatus and method for isolating the data bus from
external noise when the data bus is not receiving
external data. In some embodiments of the present
invention, it is advantageous to alert the local
processor that a remote interrogation device is
attempting to form a data link with the data bus of the
vehicle, such that the processor will close the switch
connecting the data bus to the local transceiver. In
this embodimerit of the present invention, the apparatus
further includes a remote interrogation device having a
remote transceiver in electrical communication with a
remote processor for transmitting to and receiving data
from the data bus of the vehicle.
In operation, in a data transfer mode in which the
remote interrogation device attempts to establish a
data communication link with the data bus of the
vehicle, the remote processor transmits a data link
command to the local processor. Upon receipt of the
data link command, the local processor closes the


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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switch to thereby establish a data communication link
between the data bus of the vehicle and the remote
processor of the interrogation device.

Brief Descri8tion Of The Drawinge
Some of the objects and advantages of the
present invention having been stated, others will
become apparent as the description proceeds when taken
in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 graphically illustrates. a tractor/trailer rig
according to the prior art;
FIG. 2 graphically illustrates an embodiment of a
vehicle identification system according to the present
invention;
FIG. 3 graphically illustrates relationships between
portions of a vehicle identification system according
to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates operations for producing an
optical identification signal according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a "Networked ID Tag" embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic block diagram of an electrical
circuit which generates an identification signal and
transmits an optical identification signal from the
generated identification signal according to an
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an exploded view of a standard form factor
indicator embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 illustrates operations for=determining an
identity of a vehicle from an optical identification
signal according to an embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates operations for receiving an
optical identification signal and converting the
received signal according to the present invention.


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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FIG. 10 is a side elevational view of a vehicle in
an embodiment as a tractor/trailer truck in combination
with an apparatus for data communications between the
truck and a remote data communication terminal
according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an apparatus for
data communications between a vehicle and a remote data
communications terminal having a transceiver positioned
in a cab of a tractor of a tractor/trailer truck
according to a first embodiment of the present
invention;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an apparatus for
data communications between a vehicle and a remote data
communications terminal having a transceiver positioned
in a cab of a tractor of a tractor/trailer truck and a
remote data communications-terminal positioned in the
hands of a driver according to a first embodiment of
the present invention;
FIG. 13 is an exploded perspective view of a
connector, a transceiver housing, and a transceiver of
an apparatus for data communications between a vehicle
and a remote data communications terminal according to
a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus
for data communications between a vehicle and a remote
data communications terminal according to the present
invention;
FIG. 15 is a fragmentary side elevational view of an
apparatus for data communications between a vehicle and
a remote data communications terminal according to a
second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is an enlarged perspective view of a vehicle
light housing in the form of a vehicle side light
marker housing having portions thereof broken away for
clarity and having a transceiver positioned therein of
an apparatus for data communications between a vehicle


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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and a remote data communications terminal according to
a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 17 is an enlarged perspective view of a
connector, a transceiver housing, and a transceiver
positioned in the transceiver housing of an apparatus
for data communications between a vehicle and a remote
data communications terminal according to a third
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a sectional view of a transceiver housing
of an apparatus for data communications between a
vehicle and a remote data communications terminal taken
along line 9-9 of FIG. 8 according to a third
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a side elevational view of an apparatus
for data communications between a vehicle and a remote
data communications terminal according to a third
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 20 is schematic block diagram of an apparatus
for data communications between a vehicle and a remote
data communications terminal according to the present
invention;
FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a conventional
apparatus used for transmitting and receiving data from
the data bus of a vehicle;
FIG. 22 is a side elevation view of a vehicle in
which the various apparatus, methods, and computer
program products may be implemented to establish a
remote data communication link between the vehicle and
a remote interrogation device;
FIG. 23 is a block diagram of an apparatus for
validating with minimal delay data transmitted to a
data bus of a vehicle from a remote location and data
transmitted from the data bus of the vehicle to a
remote location according to one embodiment of the
present invention;
FIG. 24 is a block diagram of the operations
performed to validate with minimal delay data


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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transmitted to a data bus of a vehicle from a remote
location and data transmitted from the data bus of the
vehicle to a remote location according to one
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 25 is a partial block diagram and top view of a
remote interrogation device in relation to a vehicle
for=which the present invention may be used to
establish a data communication link;
FIG. 26 is a block diagram of an apparatus for
establishing a data communication..link between a data
bus of a vehicle and a remote interrogation device
where unwanted signals may be received by the data bus
and corrupt data on the data bus according to one
embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 27 is a block diagram of the operations
performed to establish a data communication link
between a data bus of a vehicle and a remote
interrogation device where unwanted signals may be
received by the data bus and corrupt data on the data
bus according to one present invention;
FIG. 28A-28C are top views illustrating different
scenarios for placement of vehicles in relation to a
remote interrogation device for which the present
invention can establish a data communication link
between a data bus of one of the vehicles and the
remote interrogation device according to various
embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 29 is a block diagram of an apparatus for
establishing a data link between a data bus of one of
at least two vehicles and an interrogation device
having a remote processor and a remote transceiver
according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 30 is a schematic block diagram of the
operations performed to establish a data link between a
data bus of one of at least two vehicles and an
interrogation device having a remote processor and a


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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remote transceiver according to one embodiment of the
present invention; and
FIG. 31 is a block diagram of the operations
performed to established a data link between a data bus
of one of at least two vehicles and an interrogation
device having a remote processor and a remote
transceiver according to one embodiment of the present
invention.

Detailed Description Of Preferred Embodiments
The present invention will now.be described
more fully hereinafter with reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments
of =the invention are shown. This invention may,
however, be embodied in many different forms and should
not be construed as limited to the illustrated
embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these
illustrated embodiments are provided so that this
disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will
fully convey the scope of the invention to those
skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like
elements throughout, and prime and double prime
notation are used to indicate similar elements in
alternative embodiments.
FIG. 1 illustrates electrical subsystems of a
vehicle, namely a tractor/trailer vehicle or rig 5,
which typically include a power bus 30 electrically
connected to one or more batteries 32, which are
typically charged by an alternator 34 mechanically
driven by a tractor engine 15, distributing' electrical
power from tractor 10 to subsystems throughout the
vehicle S. In addition to the power bus 30, the rig
may include a communication bus 40 used to communicate
data between various subsystems 50 of the rig. The
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has established


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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various standards for communication busses in
tractor/trailers. For example, the recommended
practice of SAE J1708 defines serial communications for
signals in heavy-duty vehicles using a twisted-pair
wire driven under electrical parameters similar to IEEE
RS-485, along with message formats and reserved
addresses for such a system. SAE J1708 is described in
the publication "Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice,
Serial Data Communications Between Microcomputer
Systems in Heavy Duty Vehicle Applications," published
by the Society of Automotive Engineers, October 5,
1995, the entirety of which is herein incorporated by
reference.
Power bus 30 may also serve as a communications bus.
For example, a data-modulated carrier signal may be
superposed on the power bus 30 by inductive or
capacitive coupling. Communications over the power bus
30 may employ spread spectrum techniques such as the
spread spectrum technology embodied in integrated
circuits and components (i.e., Intellon SSC PLCEFN,
XCR38149PR02, QHCK-9409 integrated circuit or CEBus-
compliant communications modules according to EIA RS-
232 and ISA bus module standards) of the Intellon
Spread Spectrum Carrier of the Intellon Corporation of
Ocala, Florida which are hereby incorporated herein in
its entirety by reference. As understood by those
skilled in the art, a spectrum (e.g., 100-400 Khz) of
frequencies for data communications allows the signal
to be communicated in a manner over the power line
which significantly reduces the interference or
suppression of the received signal by other electro
mechanical systems in the tractor/trailer, such as the
alternator. In additi-on to twisted-pair and power line
carrier communications techniques, other techniques
such as fiber optic or radio frequency (RF)
communications techniques may be used.


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-22-

FIG. 2 graphically illustrates an embodiment of a
vehicle identification system including a vehicle 5
comprising an ensemble of components 10, 20 and optical
wavelength carrier communicating means 110 positioned
on the component 20 of the ensemble, here a trailer.
Optical wavelength carrier communicating means 110
produces an optical identification signal 115
representing an identity of the vehicle S. The signal
is preferably emitted through a transmitter having a
header, vehicle identification data, and a check sum or
verifier. Identity determining means 120 is positioned
external to the vehicle S. Identity determining means
120, here shown as including a receiver 122 and a

console 124, determines an identity of the vehicle from
the data of the optical identification signal 115 as
understood by those skilled in the art.
FIG. 3 illustrates the relationship between optical
wavelength carrier communicating means 110 and identity
determining means 120 of FIG. 2 in greater detail.
Optical wavelength carrier communicating means 110 is
illustrated as concealed within an indicator 700 which
may be mounted on the vehicle 5 using mounting means
750. The receiver 122 of identity determining means
120 includes optical receiving means 230. Optical

receiving means 230 receives the optical identification
signal 115 produced by optical wavelength carrier
communicating means 110.

Optical identification signal 115 includes a carrier
signal having a wavelength in the optical spectrum, a
portion of the broader electromagnetic spectrum. The
"IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic
Terms, ANSI/IEEE Std 100-1988, Fourth Edition,"
published by the Institute of Electrical and


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-23-

Electronics Engineers, defines the "optical spectrum" as
"generally, the electromagnetic spectrum within the
wavelength region extending from the vacuum ultraviolet
at 40 nanometers (mm)." Those skilled in the art will
understand that such definitions are approximate and
subject to change, and that "optical" as referred to
herein generally also refers to signals having
wavelengths in the portion of the electromagnetic
spectrum for which communication technique-s applicable
in the visible spectrum are also applicable, including
the use of photoemissive semiconductor materials=to
produce optical signals, line-of-sight transmission of
optical signals through an atmospheric medium, the use
of photosensitive semiconductor materials to detect
optical signals through an atmospheric medium, the use
of photosensitive semiconductor materials to detect
optical signals, and the like. The optical spectrum is
thus distinct from the radio frequency spectrum which
generally includes signals having wavelengths greater
than 1 millimeter and which is generally subject to
communication regulations in the United States and
elsewhere.
As an alternative, and although not preferred, a
radio-frequency (RF) identification system could be
used according to the present invention whereby a RF
transmitter located on the rig sends identifying
information to the receiver externally located to the
rig, for example, in a weigh station or a cargo
terminal control office. Although RF communication
techniques may provide increased.information capacity
and detection range, several considerations may limit
their practical applicability to tractor/trailer
identification , and therefore such systems are not
preferred. For example, RF communication systems
generally require FCC approval, with transmitter and
receiver design being subject to regulation, and
generally such systems would have to compete with other


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-24-

users for an increasingly crowded FR spectrum.
Moreover, RF systems can be vulnerable to
electromagnetic interference, such as that produced by
alternators or other electrical subsystems typically
found on rigs. The interference problem may be
exacervbated because identification typically is
desired in staging areas such as weigh stations and
cargo terminals where the presence of large numbers of
rigs emitting RF signals may drastically increase
interference. Minimizing interference and maintaining
signal quality under these conditions may require
stringent bandwidth and power limitations which may
necessitate costly transmitter and receiver designs.
FIG. 4 illustrates in detail functions of an optical
wavelength carrier communicating means 110 according to
the present invention. Optical wavelength carrier
communicating means 110 includes identification signal
generating means 210 for generating an identification
signal 215 representing an identity of the vehicle S.

From the generated identification signal 2 15, an
optical transmitter 220 produces an optical
identification signal 115 representing an identity of
the vehicle S.
FIG. 6 is an electrical schematic diagram of an
exemplary embodiment of identification signal
generating means 210 and an optical transmitter 220
according to the present invention. Those skilled in
the art will understand that the identification
generating signal generating means 210 may include
derbies capable of producing an analog or digital
signal for transmission by the optical transmitter 220,
such as a microcontroller, programmable logic device
(PLD), oscillator, and the like. Those skilled in the
art will also understand that the identification may.be
generated using other hardware, software running in a


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-25-

general or special purpose computer on the vehicle, by
a combination of software and hardware. The
identification signal may, for instance, be a serial
digital signal having a message format including
multiple message structures and the like. Those
skilled in the art will also understand that the
optical identification signal may be communicated to
the optical transmitter 420 using various
communications techniques, such as those involving
analog or digital transmission over twisted wire pairs,
power line carrier, optical fiber, and the like.
The optical transmitter 220 is shown including a
modulating transistor Q1 which modulates an array of
optical emitting diodes D1-D3 is an infrared emitting
diode producing an optical frequency carrier signal in
the range of 700-1400 nanometers, i.e., the near
infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum,
similar to the inexpensive type of optical-emitting
diode commonly used in smoke detectors. An example of
such an optical-emitting diode is the LTE 4228U high-
intensity Gallium Aluminum Arsenide optical emitting
diode sold by Liteon, Inc. and as described in Liteon
catalogs as understood by those skilled in the art, the
specification of which is hereby incorporated by
reference. Those skilled in the art will understand
that any number of diodes such as the diodes D1-D3
illustrated may be used with the present invention,
with the number depending on the amount of transmitted
energy desired.
Those skilled in the art will understand that in the
wavelength band from 700 to 1400 nanometers, water
exhibits increased transmissivity and thus optical
radiation emitted in this portion of the spectrum is
less subject to attenuation under the conditions of
fog, mist, and rain which are often encountered in
tractor/trailer operations. Those skilled in the art


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-26-

will also understand that other types of optical
emitters may be utilized with the present invention.
Emitters with peak intensity in other "windows" of the
optical spectrum may be used with the present
invention, for example, diodes which emit carrier
frequencies in the infrared atmospheric transmission
bands at 3-5 micrometers and 8-12 micrometers
wavelength. Those skilled in the art will also
understand that although infrared emitting diodes such
as those illustrated typically emit non-coherent bands
of carrier signals concentrated within a portion of the
infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum, non-
coherent emitters with differing spectral distributions
and coherent emitters such as lasers and diodes may
also be used with the present invention.
FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of an indicator
700, including an indicator housing 701 having a
standard truck light or track indicator form factor
(e.g., a lamp or marker), which preferably is used to
conceal portions of optical wavelength carrier
communication means 110, including the optical
transmitter 200, thus rendering the identification
system less conspicuous on the exterior of a vehicle.
This concealment also reduces attention being drawn to
the transmitter so that theft of and damage to the
transmitter are reduced. The indicator housing 701
retains the optical=transmitter 220 within the
indicator 700. The indicator housing 701 retains the
optical transmitter 220 within the indicator 700. The

indicator housing 701 is here illustrated as including
a sealed electronics package 710 which holds the
optical transmitter 200, a transparent lens 720, and
mounting base 740 which enclose the sealed electronics
package 710 from dirt and vibration. The indicator 700

includes means 750 for mounting the indicator 700 on a


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-27-

vehicle, here shown as holes for screws or bolts.
Those skilled in the art will understand that the
present invention may be used with a variety of other
packaging arrangements which similarly conceal the
optical wavelength carrier communicating means,
preferably within a running light, clearance light, or
other standardized form factor indicator commonly'
employed on the exterior of tractor/trailer rigs.
The indicator may include wires, terminals, or other
features for providing electrical power and other
signals to the optical wavelength carrier communicating
means 110. For example, indicator 700 may include
means 760 for electrically connecting optical
transmitter 220 to a power bus, such as the power bus
30 illustrated in FIG. 1, such that electrical power
and an identification signal 215 communicated over the
bus may be conveyed to the optical transmitter 220.
The indicator housing 700 may retain both the
identification signal generating means 210 and the
optical transmitter 220 of the optical wavelength
communicating means 110 of FIG. 4, or retain only the
optical transmitter 200. For the first "Standalone ID
Tag" embodiment, a tag is created which may be used to
identify the vehicle or component upon which it is
mounted providing an easy and inexpensive retrofit for
existing equipment. For example, an existing running
or clearance light may be replaced by an indicator 700
having a similar form factor and which retains optical
wavelength communicating means 110 and uses existing
power connections.
For the second "Networked ID Tag" embodiment, as
illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 5,
identification signal generating means 210 may be
located within a component 410 of the vehicle, external


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-28-

to the indicator 700, and the identification signal 215
retained within the indicator 700 via a communications
bus 415 such as an SAE U1708 bus, power bus, fiber
optic bus, and the like. In this manner, a single
optical transmitter 220 may produce multiple optical
identification signals 115 from identification signals
215 generated by multiple identification signal
generating means 215 located on different components
410.
FIG. 8 illustrates in greater detail identity
determining means 120 for determining an identity of a
tractor/trailer from an optical identification signal
such as produced by the optical wavelength carrier
communicating means 110 of -FIGS. 2-7. Identity

determining means 120 may include optical receiving
means 230 for receiving the optical identification
signal 115 produced by optical signal converting means
250 decodes an identity 125 of the vehicle 5 from the
converted identification signal 245 wavelength
'20 communicating means 110 and uses existing power
connections.
FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of
optical receiving means 230 and optical signal
converting means 240. Optical receiving means 230 may
include an infrared detector, preferably a detector
exhibiting maximum sensitivity in the near infrared
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, in the region
from approximately 700 nanometers to 1400 nanometers,
approximately corresponding to the spectra of the
infrared-emitting diodes discussed above. An example of
such a detector is the LTM-8834-7 photodetector sold by
Liteon, Inc., as described in Liteon catalogs as
understood by those skilled in the art, the


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-29-

specification of which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
Those skilled in the art will understand that many
different types of optical detectors may be employed
with the present invention. For example, the optical
receiving means 230 may include photodiodes or
phototransistors which exhibit peak sensitivities in
other "windows" in the optical region of the
electromagnetic spectrum. The optical receiving means
230 may also include various reticles, lenses, mirrors,
filters, and the like which may modify the sensitivity,
selectivity, and other parameters of receiving means
230.
Also illustrated in FIG. 9, the optical signal
converting means 240 of FIG. 8 may include, for
example, a micro-controller which converts the received
optical identification signal 235 into converted
identification signal 245 for use by the identification
signal decoding means 250 of FIG. 8. For example, the
optical receiving means 230 may receive an optical
identification signal 115 having a specified serial
data format, and the received optical identification
signal 235 may include a digital signal having the
same serial format. The optical signal converting
means 240 may convert the serial data signal into, for
example, a standardized RS-232 data signal for input
into a computer interface.
The decoding means 250 of FIG. 8 preferably includes
communications interface software running on a personal
computer or similar computing platform which interprets
a data stream received from optical signal converting
ineans 240, extracting identity information relating to
the tractor/trailer. Such interface software is well -
known to those skilled in the art and will not be
discussed in detail herein. An example of such


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-30-

interface software is the Windows - based Software
Wedge, marketed by T.A.L. Enterprises of Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, which can transfer serial data to
Windows. For example Software Wedge may be used to
port the converted identification signal 245 to a
spreadsheet program such as Microsoft's Excel , as part
of a freight management system. The Software Wedge is
described further in the "Software wedge"for Windows
software manual (e.g., Version 3.0 Prof essional
Edition) which is hereby incorporated herein by
reference and marketed by T.A.L. Enterprises of
Philadelphia , Pennsylvania.
FIGS. 10-12 illustrate an apparatus 30 for data
communications associated with a heavy duty vehicle 20,
namely a tractor/trailer combination or tractor/trailer
truck, according to a first embodiment of the present
invention. As understood by those skilled in the art,
the tractor/trailer combination preferably includes a
tractor 21 connected to a trailer 25 for pulling the

trailer 25. The tractor 21 and trailer 25 include
respective frames and coupling means for coupling the
trailer 25 to the tractor 21. In addition, the tractor
21 includes an engine, such as a diesel engine or other
motor, for moving the tractor 21 to thereby pull the
trailer 25. It will also be understood by those
skilled in the art that other types of heavy duty
vehicles, such as a recreational vehicle, agricultural
tractors or other heavy duty vehicles used in
association with agricultural uses, can also be used
according to the present invention.
The data communications apparatus 30 preferably
includes at least one electronic subsystem 40
associated with the heavy duty vehicle 20. The at
least one electronic subsystem 40, for example, can

include an anti-locking brake system ("ABS") 41


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-31-

connected to the heavy duty vehicle 20. The
tractor/trailer combination, however, preferably
includes a plurality of electronic subsystems
associated with tractor 21 and/or trailer 25. The

electronic subsystems 40 preferably produce data or
includes some type of signal generating means, e.g.,
preferably provided by a signal generator 42. Some
examples of these electronic subsystems 4D and features
which may be controlled and/or monitored by the
apparatus of the present invention are illustrated for
a tractor/trailer combination in Table I and for an
agricultural tractor in Table II below:

TABLE I.

TRACTOR TRAILER
Mirror Tracking Reefer Temperatures
Mirror with Trailer Display Reefer Pressures
Controls for Reefer (Engine) Trailer Identification

Controls for Trailer Slide Blind Spot Warning
Axle Cargo Information
Controls for Landing Gear Smoke/Fire Detection

Active Faring Overall (Tanker)
Recorder for Trailer Functions Cargo Shift
Satellite for Trailer Functions Weight Detection

Brake System Information Anti Lock Failure
Brake By Wire Brake By Wire
Climate Controls for Reefer Backup Lamps

Suspension Control
Sliding Axle Control
Liftable Tailgate

Time Pressure Monitor
Lamp Outage Monitor


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-32-

Stop Lamp Saver (with doubles and triples)
Water in Air Reservoir

Liftable Landing Gear
Brake Temperature

Mirror with Trailer Display Emergency Line Pressure Detection
Trailer Identification

Trailer Brake Temperature Blind Spot Warning
Trailer Axle Temperatures Cargo Information
Trailer Security Time Pressure Warning

Weight Broadcast Smoke Detector
Trailer Voltage Status Roll Over Protection
Active Conspicuity (Lighting)

Active Tire Pressure
Backup Alarm

Inventory Data Collection
Security Warning
Trailer Engine Start

Trailer Engine Monitor
Tractor/Changing from Reefer
Trailer Dome Lamps

Rear Door Lift (Motorized)
. IABLE 11,

TRACTOR IMPLEMENT
Vehicle Spped Optimization Sprayer Pressure
Engine Speed Optimization Speed Planning Rates

Implement Display Depth Position
GPS (Satellite Control to Implement) Hydraulic Controls


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-33-

Speed Counting
Moisture Sensing
The data communications apparatus 30 also
preferably includes a plurality of electrical
conductors 38, e.g., preferably provided by twisted'
pair wiring as understood by those skilled in the art,
which are preferably connected to-the plurality of
electronic subsystems 40 and associated with the heavy
duty vehicle 20. The plurality of electrical
conductors 38 preferably provide one or more data
communications channels or paths for data
communications with the electronic subsystems 40, as

well as a controller 45 as described further below
herein.
As perhaps best illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 20, the
data communications apparatus 30 preferably also has
vehicle data communications protocol converting means
33, 33', e.g., preferably provided by a vehicle data
communications protocol converter as illustrated by
first and second data communications protocol
converters 37, 39, 37', 39' and a first signal booster
36, 36', connected to the plurality of electrical
25. conductors 38,. 38' for converting a first data
communications protocol associated with data
communications along the plurality of electrical
conductors 38, 38' to a second data communications
protocol. As understood by those skilled in the art,
the first data communications protocol is preferably
according to SAE J1708, but also could be according to
SAE J1939 or RS-485. In other words, the first data
communications protocol is preferably an existing data
communications protocol conventionally associated with


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-34-

the tractor/trailer combination or the heavy duty
vehicle 20. The first data communications protocol
converter 37 is preferably an RS-485 transceiver, as
understood by those skilled in the art, which transmits
and receives data communications according to the J1708
protocol to the plurality of conductors 38 and
transmits and receives data communications according to
the RS-485 protocol to the second data communications
protocol converter 39 and vice-versa.
Additionally, the vehicle data communications
protocol converting means 33 can convert the first data
communications protocol, e.g., SAE J1708, into a third
data communications protocol, e.g., RS-485, and then
convert the third data communications protocol, e.g.,
RS-485, into yet the second data communications
protocol, e.g., IrDa or other infrared or RF data
communications protocol, which is used to transmit data
through-the-air to a remote data communications
terminal 60, 60' (see FIGS. 14 and 20). The second

data communications protocol converter 39 preferably is
a combination of a microprocessor or other
microcontroller connected to the RS-485 transceiver
which transmits and receives logic level signals and an
infrared IrDA compliant integrated circuit, such as
provided by Hewlett Packard or Rohm as understood by
those skilled in the art, connected to the
microprocessor which transmits and receives the logic
level signals.
When transmitting from the vehicle 20, the IrDA
compliant integrated circuit receives logic levels from
the microcontroller and converts the logic levels to
IrDA data communications protocol based upon timed
infrared pulse signals of a predetermined position,
pulse widths, and/or duration depending on the desired
baud or bit rate of data communications. The IrDA
integrated circuit also receives an infrared data


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-35-

communications protocol and transmits log ic levels when
receiving data communications from a remote data
communications terminal 60. The IrDA integrated circuit
can include a built-in infrared transceiver 35, e.g.,
an infrared light emitting diode and an infrared
photodetector or photodiode. At least the infrared
light emitter or light emitting diode, however, is
preferably not built into the IrDA integrated circuit
because the vehicle data communications protocol
converting means 33 also preferably includes the first
signal booster 36.
The second data communications protocol is
preferably one of either an infrared data
communications protocol or an RF data communications
protocol. In other words,- the second data
communications protocol is preferably a through-the-air
type of data communications protocol which does not
require equipment to be coupled to the heavy duty
vehicle 20 when obtaining data therefrom or monitoring
vehicle operational conditions. If the data
communications is according to an RF data
communications protocol as illustrated in FIG. 11, then
the second data communication protocol converter 39'
preferably includes an RF data communications
integrated circuit or analog circuit as understood by
those skilled in the art which receives and transmits
logic levels to a microprocessor or microcontroller and
transmits and receives RF data communications according
to predetermined RF data communications protocol, e.g.,
a simple modulation scheme or a more complex protocol
such as CEBus as understood by those skilled in the
art.
Additionally, particularly on the transmit portion
of the vehicle data communications converting means 33,
the converting means 33 also preferably i ncludes a-

signal booster 36, e.g., preferably provided by


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-36-

amplification circuitry and/or power boosting
circuitry, which advantageously boosts the transmit
signal to thereby increase the successful transmit
range of the associated transmit portion of the
transceiver 35.
An infrared data communications protocol, such as
IrDA as understood by those skilled in the art, can be
particularly advantageous in association with heavy
duty vehicles for numerous reasons. For'example, dirt,
dust, grime, corrosive atmospheres, vibration, rough
handling, or other obstacles can often be readily
overcome with appropriate design of the driving and
receiving electronics. Also, infrared data
communications is immune from electro-magnetic
interference ("EMI") which, as understood by those
skilled in the art, can impact other types of data
communications media. Further, infrared data
communications would not interfere with other type of
through-the-air data communications channels such as RF
data communications.
As illustrated in FIGS. 10-11 and 13, a connector 50
is preferably connected to the plurality of electrical
conductors 38. The connector 50 can also be connected
to one or more of the electronic subsystems 40, e.g.,
an ABS system, preferably through the electrical
conductors 38. For example, the connector 50 can be a
six-pin Deutch connector or other well known connector
associated with trucks or other heavy duty vehicles
(see FIG. 4). The connector 50, in a first embodiment,

also can be advantageously positioned in the cab 23 of
the tractor 21 of the truck (see FIGS. 11-12). This
location, for example, is a secure position for a
transceiver 35, as described further below herein,
because the cab 23 can be locked and a security alarm
system or other security system can be associated with


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-37-

the cab 23. Additionally, the cab 23 provides a
convenient position for the driver, government
officials, or others involved in the related industry
to provide access to operational conditions of the
vehicle 20. This further takes advantage of existing
positions of vehicle connectors to tap into or access
the plurality of electrical conductors 38 which provide
data or information to the cab of the tractor without
requiring extensive rewiring, retrofitting, or adding
expensive equipment to the vehicle 20.
As perhaps best illustrated in FIGS. 17-19, in a
second embodiment of the connector 50', for example,
the connector 50' can be positioned more closely in
assoc i,ation with one of the electronic subsystems 40

such as the ABS system of the trailer 25 of the truck.
The second embodiment also illustrates a connector 50'
known to those in the heavy duty vehicle art, and
namely the trucking industry. This connector 50',
however, is advantageously modified by adding a
transceiver housing 34 and a transceiver 35 as
described further below herein. In each of the first
and second embodiments, the connector 50, 50'
preferably includes a plurality of pins 55 having a
predetermined pin configuration. The connector 50, 50'
also preferably has one of either a generally
cylindrical or a generally rectangular shape.
The connector 50, 50' also preferably has first and
second mating connector portions 51, 52, 51', 52' which
are joined together by a frictional fit so that the
plurality of pins 55 are matingly received into a
corresponding plurality of contact elements 56. As
understood by those skilled in the art, the connector
50, 50' can also have some type of connector aligning
means associated therewith for readily aligning the


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-38-

first and second mating connector portions 51, 52, 51',
52'.

A transceiver housing 34 is preferably detachably
connected to the connector 50, 50'. The transceiver

housing 34, 34' also preferably includes a translucent
cover member 31 for transmitting the second data
communications protocol therethrough. In a first
embodiment of the transceiver housing 34, the
transceiver housing 34 can either include the second

mating connector portion 52 being formed as a portion
of or integrally as a single piece therewith, or the
second mating connector portion 52 can define the
transceiver housing 34. The transceiver housing 34 in
this embodiment likewise preferably has one of either a
cylindrical or a rectangular shape. The transceiver
housing 34 preferably includes or has integrally formed
as one piece therewith an optically translucent cover
member 31 for transmitting and receiving infrared or RF
data communications therethrough to the remote data
communications terminal 60. Advantageously, because
the transceiver housing 34 forms a portion of or
readily attaches to a standard vehicle connector, e.g.,
the first mating connector portion 51, the data
communications apparatus 30 is readily adapted to
existing heavy duty vehicle data communication
technology and does not require either extensive
retrofitting or extensive and expensive additions to
existing heavy duty vehicle data communication
technology.
As perhaps best illustrated in FIGS. 15-16, in a
second embodiment of the transceiver housing 34', the
transceiver housing 34' can advantageously be a vehicle
light housing mounted to the heavy duty vehicle 20 for


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-39-

housing a vehicle light. The vehicle light housing,
for example, can advantageously be a side-marker light
housing mounted to the trailer 25 of a truck so that a
third party would not readily recognize that the truck
is equipped with the data communications apparatus 30.
A transceiver 35 is preferably positioned within the
transceiver housing 34, 34' and connected to the
vehicle data communications protocol converting means
33 for transmitting the second data communications

protocol from the heavy duty vehicle 20 and receiving
the data communications protocol from a remote data
communications terminal 60. For infrared data
communicati-ons, for example, the transceiver 35 (see
also FIG. 13) preferably includes a plurality of
infrared light emitter or light emitting diodes, a
plurality of infrared photodiodes, and associated drive
and amplification circuitry as understood by those
skilled in the art.
As also understood by those skilled in the art, the
transceiver 35 is preferably only a physical layer
signal processing transceiver, e.g., infrared or radio
frequency, and preferably includes a combination
transmitter and receiver which collects data or
information from the various subsystems and
communicates the data to one or more remote data
communications terminals 60. The transceiver 35 is
preferably a first transceiver 35, and the one or more
remote data communication terminals 60 preferably each
include a second transceiver 65, 65' for transmitting
the second data communications protocol to the first
transceiver 35 and receiving the second data
communications protocol from the first transceiver 35.
The second transceiver 65, 65' is preferably similar to
the first transceiver 35 as described herein above and


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-40-

accordingly for brevity will not be repeated herein.
The first and second transceivers 35, 35', 65, 65'
also each include a signal processing physical layer.
Advantageously, the second data communications protocol
only uses the physical layer of the first and second
transceivers 35, 65 for signal processing and not a
data link layer ("DLL") as understood by those skilled
in the art. By only using the physical layer for
signal processing, the data communications and coding
or modulation schemes for the communications is greatly
simplified and the data conversion from one data
communications protocol to another data communications
protocol is also simplified.
The remote data communications terminal 60 is
preferably a computer, e.g., provided by a portable
laptop or handheld computer, or other portable or
substantially stationary remote data collection
stations as understood by.those skilled in the art.
The remote data communications terminal 60 also
includes remote data communications protocol converting
means 63, e.g., preferably provided by a remote data
communication protocol converter as illustrated by the
third data communications protocol converter 69 and the
second signal booster 66, for converting the second
data communications protocol received by the remote
data communications terminal to a third data
communications protocol associated with the computer.
The third data communications protocol, for example,
can be RS-232, RS-422, RS-423 or other data
communications protocol, as understood by those skilled
in the art. If two conversions occur in the vehicle
data converter 33, e.g., RS-485 to RS-232 and RS-232 to
IrDA or RF, then the third data communications protocol
would actually be yet a fourth data communications
protocol as sequentially illustrated in FIGS. 14 and
19. The remote data communications protocol converting


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-41-

means 63, e.g., a remote data communications protocol
converter, also preferably includes data signal
boosting means, e.g., a second signal booster 66
similar to the first signal booster 36 as described
above herein, for boosting the range of the signal
between the remote data communications terminal 60 and
the first transceiver 35 of the data communications
apparatus 30 to thereby increase the effective range of
transmission for which the apparatus 30 is anticipated
to be used. The remote data communications terminal
also preferably includes a predetermined data
communications protocol transceiver-61, 61', e.g.,
preferably provided by an RS-232 transceiver as
understood by those skilled in the art, as a data
communications interface to the personal computer 68 or
other data terminal.
The data communications apparatus 30 according to
the present invention preferably also includes at least
one controller 45 connected to the at least one

electronic subsystem 40 and the plurality of electrical
connectors 38 for controlling data communications along
the plurality of electrical conductors 38, e.g., to and
from the electronic subsystem(s) 40. As understood by
those skilled in the art, the controller 45 preferably
includes a microprocessor or microcomputer operating
under stored program control to perform various
functions related to the monitoring and control of
various electronic subsystems on either or both of the
tractor 21 and trailer 25 or to the remote data

communications terminals 60.
As set forth previously above, each electronic
subsystem 40 to be controlled and/or monitored
preferably includes signal generating means, e.g.,
preferably provided by a signal generator, connected to


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-42-

the controller 45 for generating a signal related to
the operation of the vehicle 20. The controller 45,
for example, produces or outputs a number of digital or
analog output controls in the form of relay contact
closures or other signals to either the subsystems or
to the transceiver 35. The controller 45, for example,
can also be an ABS controller which actuates control
valves on the trailer 25 to control the brake chambers
of the brakes associated with the..trailer 25.
As illustrated in FIGS. 10-20, the present invention
also includes methods of data communications associated
with a heavy duty vehicle 20. The method preferably
includes providing a plurality of electrical conductors
38 associated with a heavy duty vehicle 20 and
converting a first vehicle data communications protocol
associated with data communications along the plurality
of electrical conductors 38 to a second data
communications protocol. The method also includes
transmitting the second data communications protocol
from the heavy duty vehicle 20 to a remote data
communications terminal 60. The first data
communications protocol is preferably either SAE J1708
or SAE J1939. The second data communications protocol,
on the other hand, is preferably one of either an
infrared data communications protocol or an RF data
communications protocol.
The method can also include receiving the second
data communications protocol from the remote data
communications terminal 60, controlling data
communications along the plurality of electrical
conductors 38, and generating a signal related to the
operation of the vehicle 20. For example, the remote
data communications terminal 60 can be a computer, and
the method can include remotely converting the second
data communications protocol received by the remote


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
-43-

data communications terminal 60 to a third data
communications protocol associated with the computer.
The method additionally can include positioning a
connector 50 so as to be connected in series with the
plurality of electrical conductors 38, positioning a
transceiver 35 in association with the connector 50,
detachably connecting a transceiver housing 34 to the
connector 50, and positioning the transceiver 35 within
the transceiver housing 34. The transceiver housing 34
preferably includes a translucent cover member 31 for
transmitting and receiving the second data
communications protocol therethrough.
The method can still further include providing at
least one electronic subsystem 40 associated with the
heavy duty vehicle 20 and connected to the pluralityof
electrical conductors 38 related to operation of the
heavy duty vehicle 20. The transceiver 35 is
preferably a first transceiver, and the remote data
communication terminal 60 includes a second transceiver

65. The method also includes transmitting the second
data communications protocol to the first transceiver
35 and receiving the second data communicat'ions
protocol from the first transceiver 35. The first and
second transceivers 35, 65 each preferably include a
physical layer, and the method further includes
transmitting and receiving the second data
communications protocol only using the physical layer
of the first and second transceivers 35, 65.
As detailed below, the present invention provides
apparatus, methods, and computer program products for
validating data transmitted to and from the data bus of
a vehicle and apparatus and methods'for each
establishing data communication links with vehicles.
Importantly, the present invention provides apparatus,


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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methods, and computer program products that analyze
data transmitted to and from the data bus of a vehicle
in a bit by bit format and isolate the data bus and
remote interrogation device from the receipt of false
data. By analyzing the data in a bit by bit format and
isolating the data bus and interrogation device from
false data, the present invention can be used to
replace conventional direct connection systems without
requiring significant cost to reconFIG. existing
diagnostic and data collection software of existing and
newly designed interrogation devices.
Additionally, the present invention provides
apparatus and methods for establishing a data
communication link between a remote interrogation
device and the data bus of a vehicle. In one
embodiment, the present invention provides a switch
that isolates the data bus of the vehicle from the
receipt of signal noise from a transceiver when the
data bus is not receiving data from a remote
interrogation device. In another embodiment, the
present invention provides data link commands from a
remote interrogation device attempting to establish a
data communication link with the data bus of the
vehicle. In this embodiment, when the vehicle receives
the data link command, the present invention connects
the data bus to a transceiver such that a data
communication link can be made between the data bus and
the remote interrogation device. In a further
embodiment, the present invention provides a periodic
heartbeat or signature data signal indicating an
established data link between the remote processor and
the data bus. In this embodiment, if the vehicle
ceases receiving the signature data signal, the vehicle
determines that the data communication link has ended
and will isolate the data bus from the transceiver.
Further, the present invention provides embodiments,
the allow a remote interrogation device to a establish


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a data communication with one vehicle, when other
vehicles are located in the transmission and reception
range of the interrogation device. The present
invention also includes embodiments that can restrict a
vehicle that is on the fringe of the transmission and
reception range of an interrogation device from
attempting to establish a data communication link with
the interrogation device.
By processing data with minimal delay, isolating
both the data bus and the remote interrogation from
receipt of false data, isolating the data bus from
-external noise when the data bus is not communicating
with the remote interrogation device, and providing
information concerning the initiation and status of a
data communication link, the present invention provides'
a system that is more easily implemented in existing
and future interrogation devices. Further, the present
invention provides a system that minimizes the
introduction of noise into the data bus of vehicles and
provides a practical system of data communication.
Due to the limitations of direct physical connection
with a vehicle as described above, however, there may
also be a desire to retrofit these existing systems
with front end wireless communication add-on systems
such that the existing interrogation devices may be
remotely located away from the vehicle. For instance,
by the present invention, many of these systems can now
be retrofitted with RF based communication systems that
communicate with the vehicle remotely. Although a
conventional systems may attempt to provide wireless
communication, the retrofit of an existing
interrogation device may be costly.
Specifically, because these retrofitted systems
communicate with the vehicle remotely, instead of a
direct electrical connection, there is some delay due
to processing of the data and transmission of the data.
Because of these delays, most of these systems can no


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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longer provide a real-time data link with the data bus
of the vehicle. Instead, a conventional attempt to
retrofit may use data buffers that buffer data
transmitted to and data received from the data bus of
the vehicle. The buffered data is held until the data
bus has an idle state, at which time the data is
applied to the data bus. This buffering of data
presents a problem, however, with retrofi tting existing
interrogation devices.
Specifically, most of the interrogation systems,
prior to retrofit, have computer software designed for
real-time communication with the data bus. As such, as
part of the retrofit process, the original software for
operating the interrogation system must be updated or
otherwise reprogrammed to accommodate for the delay due
to buffering of data. The-reprogramming or updating of
these programs can be costly. For instanc e, third
party contractors, who may no longer be available for
updating the software, may have created many of the
programs. Further, the software may have been written
using older software programming language s. In some
instances, the software may have to be tot ally
reprogrammed. As such, solutions are needed that allow
for remote, wireless communication with the data bus of
vehicles that is either real-time or approximately
real-time, such that the software of the i nterrogation
device and the data bus communicate in approximate
real-time and the software of the interrog ation device
does not have to be altered.
One problem with providing remote, appr oximate real-
time data communication is the data bus in f rastructure
and protocol and the data communication devices
themselves. With reference to FIG. 21, sorne of the
problems associated with wireless communication with
the data bus of a vehicle are illustrated.
Specifically, FIG. 21 shows a transceiver 10 for
transmitting to and receiving data from a remote


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location to be applied to the data bus of a vehicle.
The transceiver includes both a transmitter. 12 and a
receiver 14 connected to the data bus 16 of a vehicle.
In this illustration, the data bus uses J1708 protocol
and is a differentially driven, twisted pair. As
discussed previously, the data bus does not include a
read and write data communication line. Instead, both
the transmitter and the receiver of the infrared device
are commonly connected to the bus at a node 17. This
common connection causes problems when data is
transmitted from the receiver of the transceiver to the
data bus.
Specifically, when the receiver 14 of the
transceiver receives data 18, the data 18 is applied to
the data bus 16. Because of the common connection at
the node 17, the data 18 is also applied to the
transmitter line of the transmitter 12. As such, as
data is applied to the data bus, it is also transmitted
by the transceiver. This is first problematic because
the data transmitted by the transceiver, which is
referred to herein as false data 19, is transmitted to
a remote interrogation device and is basically bad
data. Secondly, as the transmitter 12 transmits the
data, the receiver 14 of the transceiver also receives

the false data 19. Left unchecked, this false data 19
will potentially corrupt not only the remote
interrogation device but also the data bus.
Because of the infrastructure and protocol of the
data bus and problems associated with transceivers
receiving what they transmit, these problems must be
addressed as part of signal processing when data is
transmitted to and received from a remote location in a
wireless format. Because of this data processing
problem, many conventional add on wireless systems
buffer the data, because they cannot process the data


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without significant delays. As discussed, however,
buffering of the data in many instances requires
reconfiguring existing software of interrogation
devices, which can be costly. As such, communication
systems are needed that alleviate the problems with
false data without requiring added delay, such that
data may be transmitted to and from the data bus of the
vehicle in an approximate real-time manner.
In addition to problems associated with the delays
in remote, wireless data communication with the data
bus of a vehicle, there are may be particular problems
associated with the limited transmitting and receiving
range of most transceivers. As discussed, some
vehicles, such as heavy duty vehicles, use data bus
infrastructures and protocol that require interrogation
devices to wait for an idle state on the bus prior to
transmitting information to the data bus. A problem is
presented when a transceiver is connected to the data
bus of the vehicle for receiving external signals such
as RF or IR signals. Specifically, when not in use
for data communication, the transceiver may receive
spurious noise signals from various sources that may be
input on the data bus and corrupt data on the data bus.
For example, in the cases of IR transceivers, light
from the headlights of other vehicles or sunlight may
be received by the transceiver and applied to the data
bus. Similarly, in the case of RF transceivers,
spurious RF signals from many sources such as radios,
cell phones, etc. As such, a communication system is
needed that isolates the data bus from remote data
input when a remote data communication link is not
established with the data bus.
An additional problem with wireless, remote data
communication may be caused by the transmission and
reception ranges of the interrogation devices. For
example, in instances in which the interrogation
devices uses RF communication, there is a limited


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coverage area within which the interrogation device may
receive and transmit data. A similar problem may be
experienced in instances where IR communication is
used. Specifically, most IR transceivers have limited
horizontal transmission and reception ranges, such that
vehicles outside the range may receive either
intermittent or corrupted data signals. In these
instances, it is typically not advantageous to
establish a data communication link with a- vehicle that
is either outside or on the fringe of the transmitting
and receiving range of the transceiver.
Problems may also be realized where there are
several vehicles in an area with which a remote
interrogation device wishes to establish a data
communication link. For instance, if the interrogation
device is used in a garage or shipyard setting, the use
of the interrogation device may wish to communicate
with either a particular vehicle or several of the
vehicles one at a time. Similarly, in a factory
setting, the user of the interrogation device may wish
to correspond with vehicles one at a time as they move
past the interrogation device. Problems may occur,
however, where two or more of the vehicles attempt to
establish a data communication link with the
interrogation device at the same time. As such,
systems are needed that accommodate for the
transmission and reception limitations of the
transceivers. Additionally, systems are needed that
provide for establishing a data link with one vehicle
in an environment where several vehicles are present.
The apparatus, methods, and computer programs
products discussed in detail below are used in
conjunction with wireless transmission systems and
remote interrogation devices. The various apparatus,
methods, and computer program products are detailed
below in conjunction with the data bus of a heavy duty
vehicle, such as a tractor-trailer combination. It


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should be understood that this disclosure is for
illustrative purposes only and is not meant to limit
the scope of the present invention. Specifically, the
present invention may be conFIG.d to operate within the
specific architecture of the data bus of many different
types of vehicles. For instance, the present invention
may be used with cars, trucks, vans, tractors, and
other farm equipment, construction equipment, aircraft,
trains, etc.
As detailed above an initial problem with remote
data communication with the data bus of a vehicle is
the infrastructure and protocol used by the bus and the
transceiver. Specifically, because the data bus
requires approximate real-time data communication to
determine the idle states of the data bus, excessive
delays in the data communication link with the data bus
may not be acceptable. For example, many conventional
wireless systems have sufficient data processing delays
such as that data must be buffered and the software of
the interrogation device must be reprogrammed to
account for this buffering of data. An additional
problem is because of the infrastructure and protocol
of the data bus and the nature of the RF and IR
transceivers, data transmitted to and from the data bus
is also received as false data. This false data can
corrupt either the data bus or the remote interrogation
device.
with references to FIG.s 22 and 23, an apparatus
according to one embodiment of the present invention is
illustrated in conjunction with the data bus of a
vehicle. With reference to FIG. 22, an illustration of
a typical vehicle with which the present invention may
be implemented is shown. Specifically, FIG. 22,
illustrates a tractor-trailer combination vehicle 20,
including a trailer 22 and a tractor 24 for pulling the
trailer. Importantly, the vehicle includes a data bus
26 that is routed through the tractor and trailer for


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transmitting data between a central computer system 28
and various sub-systems 30 As known to those skilled in
the art, the various sub-systems provide a variety of
information relating to the vehicle and its cargo. For
instance, a vehicle may include subsystems that provide
information such as the identification of the vehicle,
individual tire pressures, milage, cargo, information,
anti-lock brake status, engine status, engine
diagnostics, etc.
The data bus of a tractor-trailer vehicle is
typically a physical RS 485 differentially driven,
twisted pair and the standard protocol is J1708 or
JI939. In the case of J1708 protocol, the bus is
differentially driven at 9600 baud, while the JI939 is
a CAN protocol and differentially driven at 250 kilo-
baud. The twisted pair is half duplexed such that one
wire transmits the data with a logic 1 as the idle
state and the second wire is a mirror image for data
transmission. The data bus does not include a command
for transmitting data. Instead systems wishing to
transmit on the data bus must wait for an idle state on
the data. The protocol typically uses non-return to
zero (NR2) encoding and includes a start bit of logic 1
and a stop bit of logic zero that proceed and trail
each 8 bit data packet. Because each data packet is 10
bits and the last or stop bit is logic zero, a string
of 10 logic 1 bits defines an idle state on the bus.
With references to FIG. 23, to communicate with the
data bus of the vehicle, the present invention provides
an apparatus 32 for invalidating with minimal delay
data transmitted to the data bus and data transmitted
from the data bus. The apparatus 32 includes a local
transceiver 34 that is in operable electrical
communication with the data bus 26 of the vehicle shown
in FIG. 22. Connected to both the data bus and the
transceiver is a processor 36. The processor includes


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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a bus input line 38 for inputting data to the data bus
output line 40 for receiving data from the data bus for
transmission to a remote location. The processor also
includes a remote input data line 42 for receiving data
from the local transceiver for input to the data bus
and a remote output line 44 for transmitting data from
the data bus via the transceiver to a remote location.
Remote from the data bus is an interrogation device 46.
The interrogation device includes a remote processor 48
and a remote transceiver 50.
As discussed above, communication systems are needed
that can transmit data to and from-the data bus with
minimal delay such that neither the data bus nor the
software used by the interrogation devices sense a
delay. Further, communication systems are needed that
prevent the introduction of false data into either the
data bus or a remote locati.on. The apparatus of the
invention can overcome these problems. Specifically,
the local and remote processors, 36 and 48, of the
present invention analyze data transmitted from the
data bus bit by bit such that the data is analyzed with
minimal delay. Additionally, the local and remote
processors, 36 and 48, of the prevention propagation of
false data to either the data bus or to the remote
location such that neither the data bus nor a remote
interrogation device are corrupted.
Specifically, with reference to FIG. 24, to analyze
the data bit by bit and prevent propagation of false
data, both the local and remote processors analyze the
data as described below. The method illustrated in FIG.
24 is described with relation to the local processor
36, however, it is understood that similar steps are
performed by the remote processor 48. Initially, the
local processor 36 sets the bus input line 38 and the
remote output 44 to logic 1 indicating an initial idle


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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state to both the data bus and the remoter
interrogation device. (See step 100). The processor 36
initially analyzes the bus output line 40 to determine
whether the data bus is transmitting data to the remote
interrogation device. (See step 110). If the bus output
line 40 contains data (i.e., contains a logic 0), the
processor 36 outputs the data on the remote output line
44, (see step 120), which, is turn, is.transmitted by
the transceiver to the remote interrogation device.
The processor 36 continues to transmit data on the
remote output line 44 as long as the bus output line is
40 contains data. (See steps 110 arid 120). As
described later, if the bus out put line is 40 does not
contain data, the processor 36 analyzes the remote
input line 42 to determine whether the remote
interrogation device is transmitting data. (See step
140).
When data is no longer transmitted on the bus output
line 40, the processor 36 sets the remote output line
44 to high indicating that it is idle. (See step 130).
Next, the processor 36 analyzes the remote input line
42 to determine whether the remote interrogation device
is transmitting data to the data bus. (See step 140).
If the remote input line contains data (i.e., Contains
a logic 0), the processor 36 outputs the data
on the bus input line 38, (see step 150), which, in
turn, is applied to the data bus. The processor 36
continues to transmit data on the bus input line 38 as
long as the remote input line 42 contains data. (See

step 140 and 150). When data is no longer transmitted
on the remote input line 42, the processor 36 sets the


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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bus line 38 to high indicating that it is idle. (See
step 160).
With reference to the operation of the processor as
illustrated in FIG. 4, the present invention prevents
propagation of false data to both the data bus and the
interrogation device. Specifically, as described in
FIG. 21, due to the data bus infrastructure and
protocol and due to the transceivers, data transmitted
to the data bus and to the remote interrogation is
device is received by the local and remote processors,
36 and 48, as false data. The present invention
prevents the propagation of false data by analyzing the
data as described above. Specifically, when data is
transmitted on the bus input line 38, (see step 150 ),
the processor does not evaluate data present on the bus
output line 40. As such, false data applied to the bus
output line 40 when data is transmitted on the bus
input line 38 to the data bus is not transmitted to the
remote interrogation device via the transceiver.
Similarly, when data is transmitted on the remote
output line 44, (see step 120), the processor does not
evaluate data present on the remote input line 42. As
such, false data applied to the remote input line 42 by
the transceiver receiving the data transmitted by it to
the interrogation device is not applied to the data
bus.
As detailed above, the processors, 36 and 48, of the
present invention analyze the data one bit at a time,
such that delay in data transmission is minimal. To
accomplish this a processor is needed that analyzes the
data at processing speeds corresponding to the baud
rate of the data bus. Specifically, a bus that
operates on the J1708 standard has a baud rate of 9600
bits/second or 104 microseconds (10'6) per bit. In this
embodiment, processors are needed that operate at a


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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significant data processing speed such as that several
instructions for analyzing the data can be performed
without causing a delay in communicating at the 9600
baud rate used by the bus. For instance, if the
processor has an operating speed of 200 nanoseconds (10-
9), then the processor can perform 250 instructions
(i.e., 104 microseconds/200 nanoseconds) However, the
number of instructions that may be performed must be
reduced by the delay for transmission of the data.
Specifically, there is associated delay with IR and RF
transmission.of the data that reduces the time allowed
for processing of the data. As an example, in one
embodiment of the preserit invention, the processors
operate at speeds of 200 nanoseconds and the data is
transmitted using IR. In this embodiment of the
present invention, the processor is controlled via
software to analyze each bit of the data with 10 to 20
instructions, such that the data can be analyzed and
transmitted within the baud rate limitations of the
bus. To minimize the number of instructions, assembly
code is used. As such, the present invention creates
an approximate real-time data link between the bus and
the remote interrogation device. importantly, the
present invention performs analysis and transmission of
the data with minimal delay such that as seen by the
data bus and the interrogation device wherein a virtual
wire connects the two. Thus, existing software in an
interrogation device does not need updating to retrofit
the device for wireless data communication.
As discussed the present invention analyzes the data
bit by bit to process the data with minimal delay. To
increase the processing time for the data, in one
embodiment of the present invention, the processors do
not delay until it has received the bit value before
processing. Instead, in one embodiment of the present
invention,.the processors determine the value of a data
bit by sensing transition in logic states in the data


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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based on logic transitions, the present invention can
minimize delay in processing and transmitting the data.
in addition, to providing apparatus and methods, the
present invention also provides computer program
products for validating with minimal delay data
transmitted to a data bus of a vehicle from a remote
location and data transmitted from the data bus of the
vehicle to a remote location in a system where data
transmitted to and from the data bus may also be
received as false data. With reference to FIG. 3, the
computer readable storage medium may be included within
the processors, 36 and 48, of the present invention or
may include a separate memory device, not shown. The
computer readable program code means may be implemented
by the processors to analyze the data bit by bit.
The computer-readable program code means for
analyzing data transmitted to and from the data bus one
bit at a time such as data may be transmitted to and
from the data bus with minimal delay. Further, the
computer-readable program code means also includes
second computer-readable program code means for
preventing propagation of false data to the remote
location when data is transmitted to the data bus and
propagation of false data to the bus when data is
transmitted from the data bus to the remote location.
With reference to the first computer-readable
program code means, as discussed previously with
respect to the various apparatus and methods of the
present invention, the first computer-readable program
code means analyzes the data received bit by bit to
decrease delay. Additionally, in some embodiments, the
first computer-readable program code means may
determine the value of each bit of the data by sensing
transition in logic states in the data such that the
computer program product processes the data with
minimal delay.


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With reference to the second computer-
readable program code means, as discussed previously
with respect to the various apparatus and methods of
the present invention, the second computer-readable
S program code means may'prevent propagation of false
data by processing the data one bit at a time and
ignoring false data that is received when data is
transmitted to or from the data bus.
In this regard, FIG.s 23 and 24-are block
diagram, flowchart and control flow illustrations of
methods, systems and program products according to the
invention. It will be understood that each block or
step of the block diagram, flowchart and control flow
illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block
diagram, flowchart and control flow illustrations, can
be implemented by computer program instructions. These
computer program instructions may be loaded onto a
computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a
machine, such that the instructions which execute on
the computer or other programmable apparatus create
means for implementing the functions specified in the
block diagram, flowchart or control flow block(s) or
step(s). These computer program instructions may also
be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct
a computer or other programmable apparatus to function
in a particular manner, such that the instructions
-stored in the computer-readable memory produce an
article of manufacture including instructions means
which implement the functions specified in the block
diagram, flowchart or control flow block(s) or step(s).
The computer program instructions may also be loaded
onto a computer or other programmable apparatus to
cause a series of operational steps to be performed on
the computer or other programmable apparatus
to produce a computer implemented process such that the
instructions which execute on the computer or other
programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing


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the functions specified in the block diagram, flowchart
or control flow block(s) or step(s).
Accordingly, blocks or steps of the block
diagram, flowchart or control flow illustrations
support combinations of means for performing the
specified functions, combinations of steps for
performing the specified functions and program
instruction means for performing the specified
functions. It will also be understood that each block
or step of the block diagram, flowchart or control flow
illustrations, can be implemented by special purpose
hardware-based computer systems which perform the
specified functions or steps, or combinations of
special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
In addition to providing apparatus, methods, and
computer program products for processing data bit by
bit and preventing propagation of false data in the
form of looped date, the present invention also
provides an apparatus and methods for establishing a
data communication link with the data bus of a vehicle.
As illustrated, the apparatus of the embodiments
detailed later below include local and remote
processors for establishing a data communication link
between the interrogation device and the data bus of
the vehicle. Specifically, the local and remote
processors of the following embodiments are used to
establish data links, transmit heartbeat signals, and
store and process data. It should be understood that
the local and remote processors discussed below herein'
may be the same processors that are also used as
described above to process transmitted data bit by bit
and prevent introduction of looped or false data.
In at least one implementation of the present
invention, however, dedicated local and remote
processors are used for the functions of bit by bit
processing and prevention of propagation of looped or
false data as fast processing times are required. For


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higher level processing, however, such as establishing
a data link, local and remote master processors are
preferably used. These master-type processors are in
electrical communication with the transceiver,
dedicated processor, and the data bus. In the various
embodiments illustrated and discussed below, the
processors are referred to generically as local and
remote processors. It should be understood that each
local and remote processor may include a dedicated
processor and a master processor or, alternatively, a
single processor for performing all of the various
functions. Therefore, the local and remote processors
will be hereinafter referenced as such without further
reference to the.dedicated and master processors.
In addition to processing data transmitted
to and from the data bus with minimal delay, the
present invention also provides apparatus and methods
for establishing a data communication link between the
data bus of a vehicle and a remote interrogation
device. For instance, one embodiment of the present
invention, provides a method and apparatus that
establish a communication data link between an
interrogation device and the data bus of a vehicle,
whole also preventing the introduction of signal noise
into the data bus. With reference to FIG.s 25-27, the
environment in which the present invention is used and
the apparatus and method are illustrated.
With reference to FIG. 25, in a typical
embodiment, the present invention is used to receive
and transmit data to and from the data bus of a vehicle
from a remote interrogation device. This may be in a
manufacturing'setting, where the vehicle is moving past
the interrogation devise on an assembly line, in a
freight or rental car return depot, on highways where
vehicles are known to pass, in maintenance shops, etc.
In these settings, the vehicle 20 is at a remote
location from the interrogation device 46 and has a


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communication unit 54. The interrogation device
typically has as limited transmission range 52, outside
of which the communication unit of the vehicle-and
interrogation device will either receive corrupted
and/or intermittent data signals. As such, it is
typically advantageous to selectively establish a data
communication link when the vehicle is within the
transmission and reception range of the interrogation
device.
With reference to FIG. 26, an apparatus
according to one embodiment of the present invention
for establishing a data communication link between a
data bus of a vehicle and a remote-interrogation
device, where unwanted signals may be received by the
data bus and corrupt data on the data bus, is shown.
Specifically, the apparatus of this embodiment includes
a local transceiver 34 in operable electrical
communication with the data bus 26 for transmitting
data from the data bus. Connected to the transceiver
34 and the data bus 26 is a local processor 36.
Further, the apparatus of this embodiment includes a
switch 56 in operable electrical communication with the
local processor, local transceiver, and the data bus.
Importantly, in a closed position, the switch connects
the local transceiver and the data bus and in an open
position isolates the local transceiver from the data
bus. Remote from the vehicle is an interrogation
device 46. The interrogation device includes a remote
processor 48 in electrical communication with a remote
transceiver 50.

The apparatus of this embodiment of the present
invention is important as it isolates the data bus of
the vehicle from receipt of corrupted data and signal
noise when the vehicle is either not within the


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transmitting and receiving range 52 of the
interrogation device 50 or a data bus of the vehicle.
Specifically, with reference to FIG. 27, in an
idle mode, in which a data communication link is not
established between the data bus and the interrogation
device, the local processor opens the switch such that
the data bus in not in electrical communication with
the local transceiver. (See step 200) As such, false
data in the form of signal noise received by the local
transceiver from external sources, such as the sun and
automobile headlights in the case of IR transmission
and spurious RF signals in the case of RF transmission
is not input on the data bus. In a:'data transfer mode,
however, in which it is desired to form a data
communication link between the data bus of the vehicle
and the interrogation device, the remote processor 48
of the interrogation device transmits a data link
command to the local processor 36. (See step 210)
After receiving the data link command, the local
processor closes the switch to thereby establish a data
link between the data bus and the remote processor.
(See step 220). As such, the present invention
alleviates the introduction of signal noise when data
is not transmitted to the data bus of the vehicle,
while also allowing a data communication link to be
established between the data bus and the remoter
interrogation device in a data transfer mode.
As illustrated above, the remote processor, in a
data transfer mode, transmits a data link command to
the local processor of the present invention, such as
the local processor closes the switch to thereby
establish a data communication link between the data
bus and the interrogation device. In some embodiments
of the present invention, it is advaintageous to also
notify the local processor when a data communication
link has ended such that the local processor may again


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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open the switch to alleviate the introduction of signal
noise.
Specifically, with reference to FIG. 27, in one
embodiment of the present invention, when transmitting
data to the data bus in a data transfer mode, (see step
230 ), the remote processor also periodically transmits
a heartbeat signal to the local processor. (See step
240). The heartbeat signal is sent at predetermined
time intervals and indicates to both the local and
remote processors that a data communication link is
established. In this embodiment, both the local and
remote processors monitor the receipt of the periodic
heartbeat signal. '(See step 250). --When either the
local or remote processor is finished transmitting
data, they will cease transmitting the heartbeat
signal. If the heartbeat signal is not received by=the
local processor within the predetermined time interval
from the last time the heartbeat signal was received
(see step 260), the local processor opens the switch
thereby isolating the data bus from the local
transceiver.. (See step 200). If the heartbeat signal
is not received by the remote processor within the
predetermined time interval from the last time the
heartbeat signal was received (see step 260), the
remote processor will stop transmitting or attempting
to receive data.
As discussed, the heartbeat signal may be terminated
by the local or remote processor when a data
communication link has ended. In addition, the
heartbeat signal may also cease if the vehicle or the
remote interrogation device are moved relative to each
other, such that one or neither are no longer within
receiving range of the,heartbeat signal. Specifically,
due to the environment, orientation of the vehicle to
the interrogation device, position of the vehicle on
the fringe of the transmission and reception range of


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the interrogation device, or movement of the vehicle
outside the transmission and reception range of the
interrogation device, the data communication link may
become distorted. In this embodiment, the heartbeat
signal may not be received by either the local or
remote processor indicating that the data communication
link may become distorted. In this embodiment, the
heartbeat signal may not be received by either the
local or remote processor indicating that the data
communication link has become tenuous and no longer
viable. As such the local processor will open the
switch to prevent false data in the form of signal
noise from entering the data bus, and the remote
processor will stop transmitting or attempting to
receive data.
As discussed above, the local and remote processor
transmit a heartbeat signal at predetermined time
intervals. This predetermined time interval is
typically selectable either by programming the
processors or altering jumpers that are associated with
the processors. The predetermined time interval may be
any time interval. A typical time interval in the
range of 1 to 5 seconds between transmission of the
heartbeat signal is typically used.
In an alternative embodiment, a heartbeat signal is
.not used. Instead, the local and remote processors may
analyze errors in the data transmitted. In this
embodiment of the present invention, the processors
monitor the data for errors and determine that the data
communication link is no longer viable when a
predetermined percentage of the data is received in
error.
In addition to establishing a data communication
link between one vehicle and a remote interrogation
device, the present invention also provides an
apparatus and methods that establish a data
communication link with one vehicle, when more than one


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vehicle is located in the transmission and reception
range of the interrogation device. There may be
instances in which two vehicles are within the vicinity
of the interrogation device, such as in a freight yard,
etc. In these instances, it is typically preferable
that the interrogation device establish a data
communication link with the vehicles one at a time,
such that data bound for one vehicle is not received by
the interrogation device. Further, it is-typically
advantageous that the remote interrogation device
establish a data communication link with a vehicle that
is situated within the transmission and reception range
of the interrogation device, as opposed to a vehicle
either on the fringe or outside the transmission and
reception range of the interrogation device.
FIG.s 28A-28C illustrate three separate scenarios in
which a system is needed to determine which of these-
vehicles the remote interrogation device should
establish a data communication link. These FIG.s do
not illustrate all possible scenarios, but merely are
representative scenarios. With reference to FIG. 8A,
there may be instances in which two or more vehicles,
namely 62 and 64, are located in the receiving range 52
of the interrogation device 46 at the same time. In
this instance, it is preferable that the interrogation
device establish a data communication link with only
one of the vehicles at a time. Similarly, in FIG. 28B,
one of the vehicles, namely 64, may be located in the
fringe portion of the transmitting and receiving range
of the interrogation device. In this instance, it is
preferable for the interrogation device to form a data
communication link with the vehicle 62 located in the
transmitting and receiving ranges of the interrogation
device, as opposed to the vehicle on the fringe, as
data communication with the vehicle on the fringe may
have a higher chance of data errors. Finally, FIG. 28C
illustrates an instance in which an interrogation


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device has an established communication link 66 with a
first vehicle=, while a second vehicle 64 enters the
transmitting and receiving range of the interrogation
device. In this instances, it is preferable for the
interrogation device to maintain the data communication
link 66 with the first vehicle 62, and for the second
vehicle 64 to not receive or send data until further
data communication link has ended.
With reference to FIG. 29, an apparatus according to
one embodiment for establishing a data link between a
data bus of one of at least two vehicles and an
interrogation is illustrated. In this embodiment of
the present invention, the interrogation device 46
includes a remote processor 48 and a remote transceiver
50. Additionally, each of the vehicles, 62 and 64,
include a communication unit 54. Each of the
communication units, in turn, includes a local
transceiver 34 in operable electrical communication
with the data of the associated vehicle. The
communication devices also include a local processor 36
and a switch 56 in operable electrical communication
with both the local transceiver and the data bus.
Importantly, each of the communication units also
includes a counter 58 in electrical communication with
the local processor. Further, each of the vehicles has
an associated individual data link threshold value that
is typically different from the other vehicles.
As discussed the apparatus of this embodiment can be
used to determined with which vehicle the interrogation
device should establish a data communication link. For
example, in the instance illustrated in FIG. 28A, the
apparatus of the present invention establishes a data
communication link with one of the vehicles.
Specifically, with reference FIG. 30, to establish a
data communication link, the remote processor of the


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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interrogation device, initially transmits a periodic
data link command. (See step 320). Each.of the local
processors of each of the vehicles monitors receipt of
the periodic data link command (see step 330), and the
counter counts the number of times the data link
command has been sent. (See step 350). Each of the
local processors compares the number of times the data
link command has been received at the individual data
link threshold value associated with the vehicle. (See
step 360). This process is continued until the number
of times the data link command is received by one of
the local processors equals the individual data link
threshold value associated with the vehicle. (See step
370). At this point, the local processor associated
with the vehicle closes the switch connecting the data
bus to the local transceiver to thereby establish a
data communication link between the data bus of the
vehicle and the remote processor of the interrogation
device. (See step 380).
As a data communication link is established with the
interrogation device and one of the vehicles, it is
advantageous to ensure that the other vehicle does not
attempt to establish a data communication link with the
remote interrogation device until the data
communication link between interrogation device and the
first vehicle is complete. To accomplish this, after
the interrogation device has established a
communication link with the first vehicle, it ceases
transmission of the periodic data link command. (See
step 360). As the local processor of the vehicle with
which the interrogation device is not currently linked
no longer receives the periodic data link command, the
local processor of the vehicle will not attempt to
establish a data communication link with the
interrogation device.


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As detailed above, each of the vehicles.has an
associated data link threshold value that is different
from the other vehicle. Although it is possible to
assign each of the vehicles to be interrogated an
individual data link threshold value, in some case,
where there are a large number of vehicles, this may
not be practical. For example, some trucking companies
may have several hundred vehicles. In this instance,
assigning a number to each vehicle may cause some
io vehicles to have such large data link threshold values
that the vehicle may have to receive an impractical
number of data link commands prior to establish a data
communication link with the interrogation device.
With reference to FIG. 29, to remedy this, in one
embodiment of the present invention, the communication
unit 54 associated with each vehicle further includes a
random number generator 58 in electrical communication
with each of the processors 36 and 48. With reference
to FIG. 30, in this embodiment, random number
generators for each device initially generate a random
number. (See step 300). The local processor for each
vehicle adds the random number to a preset number that
is typically the same for all of the vehicles to create
an individual data link threshold value. (See step
310). Similar to previous embodiments, the remote
processor of the interrogation device, transmits a
periodic data link command, (See step, 320), and each of
the local processors of each of the vehicles monitors
receipt of the periodic data link command (see step
330), and the counter counts the number of times the
data link command has been sent(see step 350). Each of
the local processors compare the number of times the
data link command has been received to the individual
data link threshold value associated with the vehicle.
(See step 360). When the number of times that the data


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link is received by one of the local processors equals
the individual data link threshold value associated
with the vehicle, (see step 370), the local processor
associated with the vehicle closes the switch
connecting the data bus to the local transceiver to
thereby establish a data between the data bus of the
vehicle and the remote processor of the interrogation
device. (See step 380).
As discussed previously, FIG. 28B illustrates an
lo instance in which one vehicle 62 is located in the
transmitting and receiving range of the interrogation
device and another.vehicle 64 is located on the fringe
of the transmitting and receiving range of the
interrogation device. In this instance, the vehicle 64
located on the fringe portion of the transmitting and
receiving range 52 is more likely to receive either
corrupted or intermittent data link communication
commands from the interrogation device. As such, it
may be advantageous for the interrogation device to
establish a data communication link with the vehicle
designated 62 as opposed to the vehicle 64 on the
fringe of transmission and reception range of the
interrogation device.
To increase the chances that the interrogation
device will establish a data communication link with
the vehicle 62, in one embodiment of the present
invention, every time a data communication link is
missed by the local processor of a vehicle, the local
processor resets the associated counter. Thus, the
counter begins counting the number of times the data
communication link is received from zero. In this
embodiment, the data communication link command must be
received a consecutive- number of times that is equal to
the data link threshold value before the local
processor associated with the vehicle will establish a
data communication link with the interrogation device.


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As such, vehicles located on the fringe or outside of
the transmission and reception range
of the interrogation device, that may receive either a
corrupted or intermittent data link commands, will be
less likely to establish a data communication link with
the interrogation device.
With reference to FIG. 30, in this embodiment, the
random number generators for each communication unit
initially generate a random number. (See step 300).
The local processor for each vehicle adds the random
number to create an individual data link threshold
value. (See step 310). The remote processor of the
interrogation device sequentially tYansmits a periodic
data link command at a predetermined time interval
between transmissions (see step 320) and each of the
local processors of each of the vehicles monitors
receipt of the periodic data link command. (See step
330). If the current periodic data link command is not
received within the predetermined time interval from
last receipt of the data link command, the local
processor resets the counter. (See step 340), If the
data link command is received within the predetermined=
time interval, however, the counter increases the
counts to indicate the number of times the data link
command has been received consecutively. (See step
350). Each of the local processors compares the number
of times the data link command has been received to the
individual data link threshold value associated with
the vehicle. (See step 360). When the number of times
the data link command has been received by one of the
local processors equals the individual data link
threshold value associated with the vehicle (see step
370), the local processor associated with the vehicle
closes the switch connecting the data bus to the local
transceiver to thereby establish a data communication


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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link between the data bus of the vehicle and the remote
processor of the interrogation device. (See step 380).
As detailed above in relation to this embodiment,
the data communication link*must be received by the
local processor of the vehicle a consecutive number of
times equal to the data link threshold value before the
local processor will establish a data communication
link. In light of this fact, in some embodiments, the
data link threshold value for each vehicle, and in the
case where a random number generator is used, the
preset portion of the data link threshold value may be
chosen to have a relatively large value. The value is
chosen sufficiently large such that.the vehicle 62
located within the transmission and reception range of
the interrogation device is more likely to receive the
data communication link more consecutive times and
thereby exceed the individual data link threshold value
sooner than the vehicle 64 located on the fringe.
Specifically, because the vehicle 64 on the fringe
receives the signal intermittently, it will continue to
reset the counter each time a data link command is
missed, and the counter will more likely not reach a
count that equals the individual data link threshold
value. This result may also be accomplished by
evaluating the number of errors received by the local
processors for each vehicle.
With reference to FIG. 28C, the present invention
also provides apparatus and methods that prevent the
interrogation device from establishing a data
communication link with a second vehicle 64 that has
entered the transmitting and receiving range of the
interrogation device while the interrogation device has
established a data communication link 66 with a first
vehicle 62. Specifically, as discussed previously,
after the interrogation device has established a data
communication link with one vehicle, it ceases


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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transmission of the data link command until the data
communication link with the vehicle has ended. As
such, in situations where a second vehicle 64 enters
the transmission and reception range of the vehicle,
the second vehicle will not receive the data link
command and will not attempt to establish a data
communication link with the interrogation device.
As detailed above, the interrogation device
typically has a transmission and reception range
outside of which the data signal may be corrupted,
intermittent, or non-existent. It should be understood
that the transmission and reception range of the
interrogation device may also be manipulated to either
narrow or expand to some extent the transmission and
reception range of the interrogation device. For
instance, in a setting where several vehicles are
located close together, the transmission and reception
range of the interrogation device may be physically
narrowed, such that the interrogation device may be
focused on a particular vehicle of interest.
In addition, the remote interrogation device may
focus the system to communicate with oneparticular
vehicle or a group of vehicles by commanding vehicles
in which the interrogation device is not interested to
remain idle. In this embodiment of the present
invention, the interrogation device may transmit an
idle command that includes a list of vehicle
identification numbers. Vehicles having one of these
identification numbers will receive the command and not
attempt to establish a data communication link with the
interrogation device. Similarly, the interrogation
device may transmit a command that includes a list of
vehicle identification numbers that the interrogation
device wishes to establish data communication. In this
instance, only vehicles having corresponding
identification numbers will attempt to establish a data
communication link with the interrogation device.


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Due to the limited transmission and reception range
of the interrogation device, in some embodiments, it is
advantageous to provide an indication to the driver of
the vehicle or to the user of the interrogation device
when the vehicle is within the transmission and
reception range of the interrogation device.
Specifically, with reference to FIG. 29, either the
interrogation device or each communication unit may
further include an indicator 60 in electrical
communication with either the local or remote processor
to indicate when the vehicle is in the transmitting and
receiving range 52 of the interrogation device.
Specifically, in instances in which=the indicator is
connected to the local processor of the communication
unit, when a data link has been established with the
remote processor of the interrogation device, the local
processor may control the indicator to indicate to a
user that a data link has been established. In another
embodiment, the local processor may control the
indicator to indicate to a user each time the local
processor receives the data communication link command
from the remote processor of the interrogation device.
In this embodiment, the user of the vehicle can
determine based on the period between indications
whether the vehicle is inside the transmission and
reception range of the interrogation device.
In addition to providing apparatus and methods that
process data bit by bit, prevent the propagation of
false data, and establish data communication links, the
present invention also provides apparatus and methods
that either store data concerning the vehicle for later
transmission or store data for later transmission to
either one or several vehicles. These embodiments may
also allow for high speed data transmission to either
the vehicle or remote interrogation device.
Specifically, with reference to FIG. 31, an
apparatus for storing data related to a vehicle for


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later transmittal is shown. In this embodiment of the
present invention, the apparatus 66 includes a local
transceiver 34 that is in operable electrical
communication with the data bus and the transceiver is
a local processor 36. Additionally, a local memory
device 68 is in electrical communication with the local
processor. In this embodiment of the present
invention, during operation of the vehicle., the local
processor receives data concerning.systems of interest
of both the vehicle and possibly the vehicle's cargo.
This data is stored.in the local-memory device as
historical data concerning the vehi-cle. This data may
either be analyzed by the local processor or
transmitted to a remote interrogation device during a
later data transfer mode. As such, historical data
concerning the vehicle and its contents may be recorded
for analysis. This historical data may include such
parameters as the average speed of the vehicle,
accelerations, number of times the vehicle had abrupt
stops, brake temperatures, temperature data of the
trailer, data relating to the cargo, etc.
With reference to FIG. 31, the apparatus 66 of this
embodiment may also include a remote memory device
located in the remote interrogation device for storing
data to be transmitted to either one or several
vehicles. Specifically, in this embodiment of the
present invention, the remote interrogation device 46
includes a remote processor 48 and a remote transceiver
50. Additionally, the remote interrogation device
includes a remote memory device 70 in electrical
communication with the remote processor. In this
embodiment of the present invention, the remote memory
de'vice may include data related to either one vehicle,
a group of vehicles, or all of the vehicles in a fleet.
In this embodiment, when the interrogation device forms
a data communication link with a vehicle designated to


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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receive the data, the remote processor assesses the
data and transmits it to the vehicle.
In addition to storing data for later transmission,
the local and remote memory devices may also be used to
transmit data either to or from the vehicle at high
data speeds. This is advantageous where there is only
a limited time for dat=a transmission, such as where the
vehicle is moving past the interrogation device. In
this embodiment of the present invention,'-data
concerning the vehicle may be stored in the local
memory device and during data transmission, the local
processor may transmit the data at data speeds
exceeding the speed.of the data bus. The transmitted
data is received by the remote interrogation device and
stored in the remote memory device until it can be
processed. Similarly, data for transmission to a
vehicle may be stored in the remote memory device, and
when a data communication link is established,
transmitted to the locate processor of the vehicle at
data rates exceeding the data bus of the vehicle. The
data is stored in the local processor unt il it can be
applied to the data bus. As such, data can be
transmitted in instances where the time for a data
communication link is restrictive.
As detailed above, the present inventi on includes
transceivers for transmission of data to and from a
remote location from the data bus of the vehicle. It
must be understood that the present invention may use
any form of data communication to transmit the data.
For instance, in one embodiment, the transceivers may
be IR transceiver, while in another embodiment the
transceivers may be either fiber optic or RF.
Additionally, it must be understood that many different
types of data protocol may be used. For example, in
the case of IR, infrared data association protocol
(IrDA) may be used. In case of RF, the data may be
transmitted by any form of RF modulation including


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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Frequency Shift Keyed (FSK), Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM), etc. The communication, however, is preferably
local or local area communication which has a limited
distance.
The communication for the transceivers, however,
could also be between a tractor and trailer for the
case of IR particularly. For example, IR is
particularly immune to electro-mechanical interfererices
and does not need a hard-wire or fiber optic link
between the tractor and trailer. .Between a tractor and
trailer of a heavy duty vehicle, for example, the
communication can be accomplished through a light
housing, marker housing, or other communication housing
with one positioned with a transceiver on the tractor
and one housing with a transceiver positioned on the
trailer.
In addition, the present invention may be adapted to
use newly developed protocol and data communication
systems. Specifically, the present invention is
designed to interface with emerging technologies such
as BLUETOOTHTM. BLUETOOTHTM is an open specification for
wireless communication of data and voice. It is based
on a low-cost short-range radio link built into a
microchip. Currently, the BLUETOOTHTM specification or
standard is being considered for use as a'riew global
wide specification for wireless communication. More
information concerning BLUETOOTHTM is available via the
Internet at the following website:
http://www.bluetooth.com/default.asR.
The present invention may also include embodiments
that communicate with the computer system of a vehicle
via a universal serial bus (USB). A USB bus is a newly
developed data bus that is currently being implemented
with many new communication and computer systems..
Specifically, many systems that traditionally implement
RS-232 serial data buses are now using USB data buses.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the local


CA 02590532 2007-06-19
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processor of the vehicle may further include a
connection to the USB data bus of the vehicle. In this
embodiment of the present invention, the local
processor may either receive data from or transmit data
to the computer and subsystems of the vehicle via the
USB bus. Data received from the USB data bus for
transmission to a remote location, is received by the
local processor and transmitted via the local
transceiver as either RF or IR signals to'a remote
interrogation device.
As discussed above, the present invention uses an
interrogation device to communicate with the data bus
of the vehicle. It must be understood that the
interrogation device may be many different type
devices. For instance, the interrogation device may be
a specifically designed unit or the interrogation
device may be a communication device such as a cellular
phone, pager, palm pilot, laptop, etch. That interfaces
with the data bus and transmits the data similar to a
modem to a remote location for data processing. The
use of a cell phone, pager, palm pilot is useful, as it
may allow the user to download information such as
diagnostics concerning the vehicle roadside if the
vehicle has system failures. For instance, if the
vehicle malfunctions, the user may download data to a
cell phone that is transmitted to a maintenance
station, and the maintenance station may be able to
transmit data back to the vehicle via the cell phone to
repair the vehicle remotely.
In the drawings and specification, there have been
disclosed a typical preferred embodiment of the
invention, and although specific terms are employed,
the terms are used in a descriptive sense only and not
for purposes of limitation. The invention has been
described in considerable detail with specific
reference to these illustrated embodiments. It will be
apparent, however, that various modifications and


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changes can be made within the spirit and scope of the
invention as described in the foregoing specification
and as defined in the appended claims.

Representative Drawing