CA 02608469 2007-10-29
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CA 02608469 2007-10-29
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CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Simsmart
TechnaTogies,
Test Report
Battery-Powered Wireless Mesh Network Proof of
Concept for Damage Control Personnel Tracking
July 22th, 2007
Revision 3
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100. Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Table of Contents
1. Report summary and conclusions I
1.1. Testing requirement 1
1.2. The test and results summary 1
2. DC personnel tracking system description 5
2.1. System features 5
2.2. The tracking infrastructure 7
3. Testing environment, assumptions and limitations 9
3.1. Mesh network deployment and definitions 9
3.2. Limitations and assumptions 9
3.3. Ship compartments plan view 9
4. Tests results data 11
4.1. Mesh network propagation test results 11
4.2. Tracking test results 15
4.3. Interference test results 15
5. Acknowledgments 15
6. Miscellaneous pictures 16
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
1. Report summary and conclusions
1.1. Testing requinsnent
Simsmart Technologies Inc. (Simsmart) is developing a "Damage control
personnel Tracking System".
The main objectives of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" are to:
1. Track the route, location and health status of damage control personnel
while they are attacking
incidents such as shoring or fire fighting;
2. Track the mesh network infrastructure integrity and health condition;
3. At all time, measure the temperature in each compartment and deviation as a
rate of change or
absolute value;
This document section 2 describe the "Damage control personnel Tracking
System" in more detail.
The tracking infrastructure is based on a battery-powered network mesh unique
technology.
Although the proposed battery operated wireless network mesh is mature and has
been successfully
tested in an environment of steel containers, Simsmart intended to test the
battery operated wireless
network mesh on-board a modern Navy ship in order to document the network
behavior in a realistic
naval environment.
12. The Uest and resuNs sumrnary
In June 2007, Simsmart has submitted a request to the Canadian Navy for on-
board access to execute
a non intrusive battery-powered network mesh proof of concept testing.
The Canadian Navy granted access to a Halifax Class frigate stationed in
Halifax to proceed with the
testing. The proof of concept testing was conducted on the "HMCS MontreaP".
The test was conducted on July 14-15, 2007 in Halifax on-board the "HMCS
MontreaP" at the East Coast
Navy Base.
The on-board testing procedure had the following proof of concept objectives:
1. Wireless mesh signal propagation across bulkheads and decks;
2. Wireless mesh self organizing and self healing capability;
3. Influence of the wireless network to other systems;
4. Influence on the wireless network from other systems;
5. Initial personnel tracking ability.
For detailed results data on signal propagation tests refer to section 4.1.
For detailed results data on tracking tests refer to section 4.2.
The initial test conclusions are as follows:
(a) The wireless network establishes strong signal propagation across up to
two watertight
bulkheads with all doors closed in direct line or across a diagonal across the
ship;
(b) The wireless network establishes strong signal propagation across up to
two decks with all
hatches closed in direct line or across a diagonal across the ship;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 1
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
These first two conclusions enable to establish a network with a very high
level of signal route
redundancy for a ship with mesh nodes installed in each compartments (one node
for each
small to medium size compartments and two, one on the port side and one on the
starboard
side for large compartments such as engine rooms).
Figure 2 - High level of network redundancy with mesh network units
strategically deployed in each compartment
(c) A network across multiple watertight bulkheads and decks has been
successfully self-
established by the installed units;
(d) Network integrity self healing has also been demonstrated by simulating a
failure of one unit;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 2
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Figure 6 - Wireless mesh node near ship intercom system
(f) Although tracking was not the essence of the testing objectives, initial
testing has permitted a
portable unit to be traced in given compartments by the fixed network
infrastructure. Although
promising, we have ident'ified a required enhancement (approximately one
person month) for
the tracking algorithm of portable units. This enhancement targets error free
portable unit
location identification.
(g) The mesh network provides an excellent platform for temperature
measurement of each
compartment where excessive rate of change or limit temperatures can be
observed and
reported/alarmed as an advance alarming system.
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 4
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
(e) No formal EMI testing has been conducted as part of this initial proof of
concept although the
following has been observed:
i. The wireless network units monitored interference within the utilized
bandwidth and no
other signals where detected;
ii. The wireless network operated within one meter of the damage control
consoles and no
interference altered the apparent functionality of the damage control system
during the test;
iii. The wireless network operated within one meter of the Machinery Control
System (MCS)
consoles and no interference altered the apparent functionality of the MCS
during the test;
iv. The wireless network nodes where installed in power cable trays and in MCS
signal cable
trays with no apparent interference and impact on the wireless mesh;
Figure 3 - Wireless mesh node test installation near power and signal cables
v. The wireless network nodes operated near large 440 VAC switchboards and
load centers
without being affected by them.
Figure 4 - Wireless mesh node test installation near 440 VAC switchboard
vi. The ship Portable Radio Communication (PRC) system had a known impact on
activating
heat and smoke sensors when operated too near these sensing devices. The
wireless
network nodes where tested only centimeters from these sensing devices with no
impact.
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 383
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 3
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
2. DC personnel tracking system description
2.1. S'ysbem fbatures
The "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is composed of the following
components:
1. Mesh network, battery powered;
2. Wearable transponder for DC personnel and/or others;
3. Portable or fixed Windows based station:
= Connection to mesh network for personnel tracking;
= Database logs personnel location with date and time;
= Isometric or plan views that identifies location and route of DC personnel
and also each
compartment temperature on a continuous basis.
A wireless mesh network is deployed in all compartments of interest for damage
control and/or where
temperature monitoring is important. The wireless mesh network does not
require ship power and any
external wiring. Hence, its installation cost is low. A mounting bracket would
be installed in each
compartment of interest. The mesh network unit is then secured on the bracket.
Large compartments such as engine and machinery rooms or long passageways
would contain 2 node
units in order to sectorize the network installation in a "port-starboard" and
"aft-forward" topology. This
will enhance the network integrity in case of casualty.
Another advantage of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is the
fact that although a ship
would be experiencing a total electrical black-out, using a portable computer
on batteries the wireless
mesh would still report the DC personnel location and each compartment
temperature reading with all
corresponding defined alarming.
Damage control personnel is tracked by wearing a portable node unit clipped on
the belt. The portable
unit monitors the fixed network infrastructure and registers to the one with
the strongest signal, hence
the one in the compartment where the DC personnel is located. Simsmart is also
exploring the
possibility of mounting accelerometers and/or heart beat monitoring on the DC
personnel portable units.
The system would alarm on defined thresholds of either measurement.
In the event of a major disaster casualty where the complete ship mid-section
would be disabled from
top to bottom, two independent aft network and forward network would self
organize.
The mesh network units location need therefore to be strategically chosen.
Each of the fixed node also
measure the compartment temperature where it is located.
The damage control personnel location is reported to wirelessly connected PCs
(laptop and/or fixed
stations) via the fixed node infrastructure. The mesh network system health is
also reported back to the
wirelessly connected PCs.
The location, temperature data and system health information is stored in a
SQL compliant database.
This information is also displayed on plan or isometric views. The information
is archived for trending,
reporting and analysis.
The mesh network unit nodes associattion to compartment names and portable
unit nodes to specific
DC personnel are defined in a dabatase. The temperature thresholds and rate of
change alarming are
defined also in this definition database. All dynamic information is available
using open architecture
industrial OPC technology (see www.opcfoundation.org).
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 5
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
conoept
Figure 7-Damage control personnel Tracking System" functional architecture
Features at a glanoe:
= DC personnei is tracked by wireless mesh;
. Database (SOL compliant) logs personnel presence in compartments and
significant alarms
and events:
= Ship compartments isometric or plan views plots DC personnel route;
= Caaabilitv to track 8ersonnel usina lavton on batterv while the shin is in
comalete black-out;
= System tracks mesh network integrity and battery health;
= Alarm generated when monitored personnel disappears from tracking;
= Set alarm timer for maximum time allowed in a compartment;
= Set alarm when personnel entry in compartments with access interdiction;
= Optional compartment temperature monitoring from each network mesh units to
alarm on
sudden temperature rise for advance incident/fire alarm;
= DC personnel portable unit configuration for:
= On-board accelerator for no motion detection for a specified period of time;
= "Emergency assistance required" button;
= Report back to DC central emergency light;
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3133
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 6
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Figure 8- PC tracking application
22 The trac~dng itftshijob"
The proposed tracking network is not Wi-Fi technology. It is based on
proprietary technology in a
different frequency band (902 - 928MHz) and is designed to last 10+ years on
batteries depending on
the choice and number of installed batteries.
To achieve multi-year battery life, the tracking technology minimizes power-
hungry transmissions to the
strict minimum. Unlike Intemet Protocol (IP) based technologies, the tracking
protocol is optimized for
small payloads of a few bytes, e.g. RFID klentification number, analog sensor
measurement, onloff
control command, etc.. Packet size can be a low as 8 Bytes.
Default mesh network node transmitter parameters are:
1. Duty cycie: 5 ms pulse @ 2-25 Hz (2 Hz in standby, 25 MHz at full traffic
load)
2. Pulse radiated power: I mW up to 25mW
3. Frequency band: 902-928 MHz (64 x 200 kHz channels)
4. Spread spectrum: pseudo-random frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS)
The tracking network pertorms well in harsh environments because each layer is
optimized for
robustness:
1. An RF link budget of 122 dBm (+14 dBm of transmitter power, -108dBm of
receiver sensitivity)
enables safety margins and long range on each hop
2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) provides protection from
interferers and multipath
nulls
3. Multihop mesh networking provides route and spatial redundancy
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 383
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 7
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Custom-design options to further alleviate any concems of interference with
other systems onboard
include:
1. Reducing the transmitter duty cycle;
2. Changing the operating frequency band (options available from 80 MHz to 2.4
GHz);
3. Activation only on-demand with a multi-hop ripple "wake-up" command
(involves self organizing
latency of several minutes) In the latter, by default all nodes would be in a
listen-only mode, i.e.
the transmitter duty cycle would be zero (0), i.e. absolutely zero (0)
potential interference.
Mesh network infrastructure features at a glance:
= 100% mesh and battery powered;
= Low cost installation (Secured to mounting bracket attached to any existing
buikhead or
equipment);
= Low cost maintenance;
= Does not require ship power ;
= Self-organizing and self-healing ;
= Years of battery life (2 - 10+ depending on battery size and quantity
selection).
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Sufte 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 8
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
3. Testing environment, assumptions and limitations
3.1. Mesh nebworlc depbyinent and definffions
For Propagation Tests (PT), two wireless mesh nodes were deployed in different
configurations:
= Across bulkheads in direct line and in diagonal
= Across decks in direct line and in diagonal
For Tracking Tests (TT) seven nodes were distributed across bulkheads and
decks.
The propagation and tracking is accomplished by measuring a receiver node
signal strength (the RSSI)
from a signal transmitted by a reference unit.
RSSI - Receiver Signal Strength Indicator
The signal range from a wireless node unit is [-108 dBm, -30 dBm].
A RSSI ?-50dBm is considered strong.
A RSSI <_ -96 dBm is considered weak.
Therefore RSSI 2:-95 dBm are considered satisfactory.
Since RSSI measurements always fluctuates (this is a normal behavior), during
the propagation tests
the range of RSSI will be recorded.
The conclusions of the tests and the significance of "Pass" and "Fail" can be
read in section #2 of this
document.
32. Limitations and assumptions
The HMCS Montreal was docked at the East Coast Naval Based and was operating
on shore power.
All network tests were done keeping a minimum distance of 3 meters from
classified information
networks.
3.3. Ship compartrrients plan view
On the following page you will find a partial ship plan view of the
compartment names referenced in the
results section of this document.
Symbology for the diagram on the next page:
= PT #n - Wireless network Propagation Test using two units where one is
locate
Machinery control system room on deck #3
= TT #n - Wireless network Tracking Test using multiple units where the base
unit is located in
the wardroom on deck #2
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 9
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
4. Tests results data
4.1. Mesh networic propagaetion tiest resuits
The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the HQ1/MCR
(3GZo) compartment
for propagation tests #1- 7.
Test #1 Purpose Transmission through no Watertight Bulkhead (WB)
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in De aussin compartment (3GAI)
Test #1A Degaussing Compartment Door Open
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -52 dBm -51 dBm Pass
Test #1 B Degaussing Compartment Door Closed
min max Signal Strength
R; Range: -67 dBm -55 dBm Pass
Test #2 Purpose Transmission through 1 WB
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Switchboard compartment (3HA1)
Test #2A Switchboard Door Open, WB 39 Door Open
min max Signal Strength
Rgs; Range: -65 dBm -55 dBm Pass
Test #ZB Switchboard Door Closed, WB 39 Door Open
min max Signal Strength
RSS; Range: -65 dBm -56 dBm Pass
Test #2C Switchboard Door Open, WB 39 Door Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rgs; Range: -65 dBm -56 dBm Pass
Test #2D Switchboard Door Closed, WB 39 Door Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rgs; Range: -69 dBm -57 dBm Pass
Test #3 Purpose Transmission through 1 Deck
Test #3A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Engine Room (AER) (6G) -
stbd
Plummer Block, near WB39
Test #3A1 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Open
min max Signal Strength
RSS; Range: -67 dBm -55 dBm Pass
Test #3A2 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Closed
min max Signal Strength
R$$; Range: -57 dBm -54 dBm Pass
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: soiution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 11
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Test #3B AER (6G) - port shaft near WB34
Test #3B1 AER Door Open, AER Hatch Open
min max Signal Strength
R~; Range: -85 dBm -72 dBm Pass
Test #3B2 AER Door Open, AER Hatch Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rsr; Range: -85 dBm -72 dBm Pass
Test #3B3 AER Door Closed, AER Hatch Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rr,~; Range: -81 dBm -72 dBm Pass
Test No. 4 Purpose Transmission through 1 Watertight Bulkhead + 1 Deck
Test No. 4A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in After Auxiliary Machinery
Room
(AAMR) 5H - Forward of Stbd Diesel Generator, Bkhd39
Test #4A1 WB39 Door Open, AAMR Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Open
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -88 dBm -79 dBm Pass
WB39 Door Closed, AAMR
Test #4A2 Door Closed, AAMR Hatch
Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -88 dBm -79 dBm Pass
Test #4B Portable unit for RSSI measurement in AAMR (5H) - HP Air Compressor,
Port, Bkhd43
Test #4B1 WB39 Door Open, AAMR Door Closed, AAMR Hatch Open
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -95 dBm -75 dBm Pass
WB39 Door Closed, AAMR
Test #4B2 Door Closed, AAMR Hatch
Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -95 dBm -88 dBm Pass
Test #5 Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead, 1 Bulkhead + 1
Deck
Test #5A Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Laundry Compartment (4JAI),
Aft,
WB47.5
WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door
Test #5A Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open,
Laundry Door Open
min max Signal Strength
R551 Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result)
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 12
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Test #5B Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Laundry Compartment Door, Fwd,
FS44
WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door
Test #5B Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open,
Laundry Door Open
min max Signal Strength
R.; Range: -100 dBm -95 dBm Fail (expected result)
Test #5C Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Shelter Station No. 2 Lobby
Test #5C1 (Xray) WB39 Door Open, WB43 Door
Open, 3/4 Deck Hatch Open
min max Signal Strength
Ru; Range: -85 dBm -71 dBm Pass
WB39 Door Closed, WB43
Test #5C2 (Zulu) Door Closed, 3/4 Deck Hatch
Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result)
Test #6 Purpose Transmission through 5 Watertight Bulkhead + 1 WB into
Steering Gear
Compartment (90 turn)
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Steering Gear Compartment 3Mno
Test #6A WB39, 43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open, Steering Gear Compartment Door
Open
min max Signal Strength
R.; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result)
Test #6B Transmission through 5 Watertight Bulkhead
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Steering Gear Lobby 3MA2
Test #6B1 WB39, 43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open
min max Signal Strength
R,,; Range: -95 dBm -87 dBm Pass
Test #6B2 WB39 Door Closed, WB43, 47.5, 52.5, 58 Doors Open
min max Signal Strength
Rr,,; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result)
Test #7A Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passa ewa 3J
Test #7A WB39, 43 Doors Closed
min max Signal Strength
R~; Range: -95 dBm -90 dBm Pass
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 13
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
Test #7B Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead + I Bulkhead
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Mess No. 9 3J
Test #7B WB39, 43 Doors Closed, Mess 9 Door Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -93 dBm -85 dBm Pass
The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the Passageway
(3GA2)
compartment for propagation tests #8-9.
Test #8 Purpose Transmission through 3 Watertight Bulkheads
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passageway 3K
Test #8A WB39, 43, 47.5 Doors Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rs.,; Range: No Signal No Signal Fail (expected result)
Test #8B WB39, 43 Doors Closed, WB47.5 Door Open
min max Signal Strength
R551 Range: -95 dBm -95 dBm Borderline
Test #9 Purpose Transmission through 2 Watertight Bulkhead
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Passageway 3J
Test #9 WB39, 43 Doors Closed
min max Signal Strength
R,,,; Range: dBm -86 dBm Pass
The wireless infrastructure node base unit #17 was located in the Passageway
(2JA2)
compartment for propagation tests #10-11.
Test #10 Purpose Transmission through 2 Decks
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Shelter Station No. 2 Lobby 4JA2
Test #10 Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rr,s; Range: -70 dBm -51 dBm Pass
Test #11 Purpose Transmission through 3 Decks
Portable unit for RSSI measurement in Black and Grey Water Collection
Tank (5JBO)
Test #11A Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 Closed, Hatch 4/5JA2 Open
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -79 dBm -59 dBm Pass
Test #11 B Hatches 2/3JA2 + 3/4JA2 + 4/5J,q2 Closed
min max Signal Strength
Rss; Range: -108 dBm -87 dBm Borderline/Fail (expected result)
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Sufte 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 14
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Test Report DC personnel tracking system mesh network on-board proof of
concept
42 Tracidng test results
As per the figure 9 above, a wireless mesh has been installed with 7 network
nodes (see units TT#20,
22, 23, 17, 24, 19 and 21).
The wireless mesh has electronically established itself within one minute and
was self healing when one
unit was powered-off to simulate a node failure.
A portable unit was moved through compartment. As we reached unit #22 in the
Lobby 2G23 the
portable unit latched communication to that unit with an RSSI of [-67 dBm, -50
dBm] which is good.
Unfortunately, the software loaded into the units had a priority on
maintaining a network integrity on the
current connection (unit #22) until the signal is lost although a stronger
signal was available on unit #23.
This behavior prohibited the portable unft to change its connection from unit
#22 to unit #23 located in
the Machinery Control room. We had to go further aft (two more watertight
bulkheads) to disconnect
from unit #22 and gradually come back to unit #23 for reconnection. We indeed
reconnected to unit #23
as we neared the Machinery Control room with a RSSI of [-70 dBm, -50 dBm].
Therefore, this proves the tracking capability of the system although the
software code inside the
portable unit has to be changed to not maintain network integrity at all cost
with a connection to a unit,
but it must also look for stronger connections around. This task will require
approximately one person-
month of work. Re-testing should be done following the modification.
4.3. Inftr6enence best nesults
Refer to the document section 1.2 "The test and results summary" conclusion
item (e).
5. Acknowledgments
We would like to express special thanks to the HMCS Montr6al ship personnel
who permitted and
collaborated to the wireless system tests.
Also Mr. Marco Nottegar, an engineer from the Canadian Navy Naval Engineering
Tests Establishment
(NETE) acted with remarkable professionalism, competence and ethics in the
logistics, coordination and
execution tasks for the conducted tests.
Many thanks for Lt (N) Winnie W.Y. Chan from the Canadian Navy DMSS 4-2-4 for
witnessing and
participating in the execution of the testing tasks.
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution@simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com 15
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Damage Control Personnel Tracking System
1. Introduction
Simsmart Technologies Inc. (Simsmart) is developing a "Damage Control
Personnel Tracking System
(DCPTS)".
The main objectives of the "Damage Control Personnel Tracking System (DCPTS)"
are to:
1. Track the route, location and health status of damage control personnel
while they are attacking
incidents such as shoring or fire fighting;
2. Track the mesh network infrastructure integrity and health condition;
3. At alime, measure the temperature in each compartment:and deviation as a
rate of change or
absolute value;
The tracking infrastructure is based on a battery-powered network mesh unique
technology,.
2. System features
The "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is composed of the following
components:
1. Mesh network;~battery powered;
,.T.. .
2. Wearable transponder for DC personnei and/or others;
=, 3. Portable or fixed W indows based station:
= Connection to mesh network for personneitracking;
Databasa logs personnei location with date and time;
= I'sometricor plan views that'identifies location and route of DC personnel
and also each
compartmenttemperatLre on`a`continuous.basis.
A wireless mesh network is deployed in all. compartments of interest for
dama9e control and/or where
temperature monitoring is 'important. The wireless mesh network does not
require ship power and any
externa) wiring. Hence, its installation cost is low. A mounting bracket would
be-~instafled in each
compartment of interest. The mesh network unit is then secured on the bracket.
Large compartments such as engine and machinery rooms or long passageways
would contain 2 node
units in order to sectorize the network instaliation in a "port-starboard" and
"aft-forward" topology. This
will enhance the network integr~ty in case of casualty.
Another advantage of the "Damage control personnel Tracking System" is the
fact that although a ship
would be experiencing a total eiectricai black-out, using a portable computer
on batteries the wireless
mesh would still report the DC personnel location and each compartment
temperature reading with all
corresponding defined alarming.
Damage controi personnel is tracked by wearing a portable node unit clipped on
the belt. The portable
unit monitors the fixed network infrastructure and registers to the one with
the strongest signal, hence
the one In the compartmerit where the DC personnel is located. Simsmart is
also exploring the
possibility of mounting accelerometers and/or heart beat monitoring on the DC
personnel portable units.
The system would alarm on defined thresholds of either measurement.
SimsmartTechnologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solution0 simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Damage Control Personnel Tracking System
In the event of a major disaster casualty where the complete ship mid-section
would be disabled from
top to bottom, two independent aft network and forward network would self
organize.
The mesh network units location need therefore to be strategically chosen.
Each of the fixed node also
measure the compartment temperature where it is located.
The damage control personnel location is reported to wirelessly connected PCs
(laptop and/or fixed
stations) via the fixed node infrastructure. The mesh network system health is
also reported back to the
wirelessly connected PCs.
The location, temperature data and system heaRh infommtion is stored in a SG1L
cornpliant database.
This information Is atso displayed on plan or isometric views. The information
is archived for trending,
reporting and analysis.
The mesh network unit nodes associattion to compartment names and portable
unit nodes to specific
DC personnel are defined in a dabatase. The temperature thresholds and rate of
change alarming are
defined also in this definition database. All dynamic information is available
using open architecture
industrial OPC technology. (see www.opcfoundation.org).
Figure t="Damage control personnel Tracking System" functional architecture
Features at a glance:
= DC personnel is tracked by wireless mesh;
=' Database (SQL compliant) logs personnel presence in compartments and
significant alarms
=and events;
= Ship compartments isometric or plan views plots DC personnel route;
= Caoabilitv to track nersonnei usina laoton on bettery while the shio is !n
comolete b/ack-outSimsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100,
Brossard (Quebec) Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: soiution simsrnart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Damage Control Personnel Tracking System
= System tracks mesh network integrity and battery health;
= Alarm generated when monitored personnel disappears from tracking;
= Set alarm timer for maximum time allowed in a compartment;
= Set alarm when personnel entry in compartments with access interdiction;
= Optional compattment temperature monitoring from each network mesh units to
alarm on
sudden temperature rise for advance incident/fire alarm;
= DC personnel portable unit configuration for:
= On-board accelerator for no motion detection for a specified period of time;
= "Emergency assistance required" button;
= Report back to DC central emergency light;
-17
IL
Z
~ - ql~ -~
o
3 d ~ ~ 3
a ~ ~ '~ 2
~-
Fgure 2- PC Vadcing application
a V].
3. The tracking infrastructure
The proposed tracking network is not Wi-Fi technology. It is based on
proprietary technology in a
different frequency band (902 - 928MHz) and is designed to last 10+ years on
batteries depending on
the choice and number of installed batteries.
To achieve multi-year battery frfe, the tracking technology minimizes power-
hungry transmissions to the
strict minimum. Unlike Internet Protocol (IP) based technologies, the tracking
protocol is optimized for
small payloads of a few bytes, e.g. RFID identification number, analog sensor
measurement, on/off
control command, etc.. Packet size can be a low as 8 Bytes.
Default mesh network node transmftter parameters are:
1. Duty cycle: 5 ms pulse 0 2-25 Hz (2 Hz in standby, 25 MHz at full traffic
load)
2. Pulse radiated power: 1 mW up to 25mW
3. Frequency band: 902-928 MHz (64 x 200 kHz channels)
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce, Suite 100, Brossard (Quebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
Tel: (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: solutionrelsimsmart.com Web:, www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Damage Control Personnel Tracking System
4. Spread spectrum: pseudo-random frequency-hopping spread-spectrum (FHSS)
The tracking network performs well in. harsh environments because each layer
is optimized for
robustness:
1. An RF link budget of 122 dBm (+14 dBm of transmitter power, -108dBm of
receiver sensitivity)
enables safety margins and long range on each hop
2. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) provides protection from
interferers and muftipath
nulls
3. Muitihop mesh networking provides route and spatial redundancy
Custom-design options to further alleviate any concems of Interference with
other systems onboard
include:
1. Reducing the transmitter duty cycle;
2. Changing the operating frequency band (options available from BO MHz to 2.4
GHz);
3. Activation only on-demand with a mutti=hop ripple "wake-up" command
(involves seff organizing
latency-of several minutes) !n the latter , , by default all rades would be in
a listen-only mode, i.e.
the transmitter duty cycle wo'uld be zero (0), i.e. absolutely zero (0)
potential interference.
Mesh network infrastructure features at a gla;,nice::
= 100% mesh and battery powered;
= Low cost installation (Secured to mounting bracket attached to any existing
bulkhead or
equipment);
= Low cost maintenance; ;: ;.= :
= Does not require ship power ;
= Self-organizing and self heafing
= Years of battery life (2 =10+ depending pp kratferplsize and quantity
selection).
= .
__-__---_..._-----------
WB - WafaUght BNkhaad
Figure 3- Maximum signal propagalon across bulkheads and dadcs with doors and
hatches closed
S-unscnart Tachnolqgift ptcõ 4 Pie~ce:du Cortnerce, Su(te 100, Brossard
(Quebec) Cansde J4W 3133
Tel:'(4,50) 923-6400, Faz: (450) 923-0038
E-mail: soiutiontsimsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Damage Control Personnel Tracking System
.....;..;.. .
. . . , ='~~: - . . " . . - =.
~ - ~ ;,-,. =,~' ' ,,.. i ~,:., r . ' . ~ = . . , = õ . ~ .
~~ :... ~.:.:.~L. . .; .. . .
. ... ~. . , . - . .~ . . ~. . - . ~ . . ~
.. ~ - . ., ~ . t # ~ - ' . .. .
. ~ _ '~ ~, . . . . . . .. , _ '
~ . . ~ . .. . `r~i =. . _ . . .' .
Simsmart Technologies Inc., 4 Place du Commerce,, Sulte 100, Brossard (Duebec)
Canada J4W 3B3
TeL== (450) 923-0400, Fax: (450) 923-0038 '
E-mail: solution~simsmart.com Web: www.simsmart.com
,i ~
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Newtrax Technologies Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology
http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology
~-- ';; .-.:; =~r, ~.= solutions products techhoiogy about us home
~ u=.. ~;.%-G _w:~
low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection
Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking
The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the
single solution to certain types of
applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are
battery/solar powered, inherently
nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile environment such
as underground mines, railway
hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.
Technological Comparison with otherwireiess Comparison with typical wireless
Comparison of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options
Advantages of Newtrax wireless mesh technology
Typical wireless sensors network protocols do not provide a solid foundation
for scalable, robust and reliable low energy mesh networks.
Newtrax wireless mesh technology outperforms them on:
Energy consumption Newtrax TDMA enables two nodes to communicate without
disturbing neighbors. Typical WSN
CSMA forces all nodes in range to Ilsten to a preamble, which adds significant
burden: the
preamble used to communicate with time synchronized and asynchronized nodes
lasts 40ms
and 125ms respectively. This is a majbr problem In dense clusters and/or when
nodes with
low duty cycle and high powertransmissions are used to reduce the number of
hops to
destination;
Typical WSN gateways are not low energy, they must be line/grid powered.
Therefore, typical
WSN cannot be used ln field applications with battery powered
satellite/cellular sinks to the
I n tern et;
Resiliency Newtrax networks are based on FHSS, so throughput decreases
gracefully in the presence of
lnterferers or multipath nulls;
Newtrax networks form using distributed synchronization and resource
allocation. They
therefore quickly adapt to new node arrival, departure or arbitrary faliure.
If a sink fails,
packets are routed to any alternate/redundant sink without network downtime.
In typical
WSN, the gateway Is a centralized network coordinator and single point of
failure;
In typical WSN centrally dictated synchronization architectures, all nodes
downstream from a
broken link lose synchronization and are forced back into network discovery
and
self-organizing mode;
Scalability Maximum node capacity Is lower in typical WSN, which use a single
frequency channel, than in
Newtrax networks, which use multiple channels with statistically independent
frequency
hopping patterns;
In typical WSN, total throughput decreases as the number of nodes and/or
traffic increases,
because collisions Increase in CSMA contention based channels;
Typical WSN have a practical limit of < 200 descendants per gateway. This
constraint
complicates installation, prevents seamless network extensions and restricts
fallback
redundancy. Newtrax dlstrlbuted architecture has no such limit. For instance,
10,000 Newtrax
nodes can use a single sink for reporting to the central server by exceptlon;
Newtrax networks can seamlessiy route packets through multiple sinks. Outbou
nd/In bound
throughput gracefully adapts to the number of sinks available;
Newtrax distributed architecture enables cost effective small networks,
because there is no
need to amortize the cost of a network coordinator/gateway. Any node, via its
RS-232/SPI port
can be used to connect the ad hoc network to a sink device;
1 sur 2 29/10/2007 09:26
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Newtrax Technologies ( Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology
http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology
solutions products technology about us home
low energy ad-hoc - ~ RF-based motion b
wireless mesh proxlmity detection
Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking
The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the
single solution to certain types of
applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are
battery/solar powered, inherently
nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile enviroriment such
as underground mines, railway
hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.
Technological Comparison with other wireless Comparison with typical wireless
Comparlson of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options
Newtrax wireless mesh technology compared with standard wireless local area
network
technologies
ZigbeeTM Wi-FiTM BlUetoothTM
Low data rate Low data rate High-speed digitalvideo, Isochronous peripheral
Target application machine-to-machine machine-to-machine votce and data WPAN
communications communications
Native topology
100% mesh and batoary une/grld powered mesh Line/grid powered mesh
powerad backbone with battery backbone with battery eattery powered star
powered star leaf nodes powered star leaf nodes
Seif-organizing and qd hoc Central network Central network Ad hoc
self-healing coordinator coordinator
Battery nodes life of leaf
Years Years Hours Days
Battery life of mesh
routers Years Hours
8attery life of
gateway or access Years Hours
point
Link d-ata rate 38.4 / 250 kbps 40.0 / 2S0 kbps
End-to-endiatency Seconds Sub-second
Reliability and
stability in harsh High Low
environment
solutions products technology about us home
newfrax
low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection
I sur 2 29/10/2007 09:27
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology
http://hwyw.newtraxtech.com/en/technology
solutions products technology aboutus home
low energy ad-hoc F(g RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection
Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networki-ng
The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make it the
single solution to certain types of
applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are
battery/solar powered, inherently
nomadic in nature and live in an electromagnetically hostile environment such
as underground mines, raiiway
hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industrial sites.
Technological Comparison with other wlreiess Comparison with typkal wireless
Comparlson of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options
Newtrax wireless mesh technology compared with typical wireless sensor
networks
Typkal wireless sensor networks
Multiple access scheme TDMA CSMA
Synchronizatlon for
communications Per link, ad hoc, distributed None or centrally dictated by
gateway
Frequency hopping Yes No
Hopping speed Fast (one hop per timesloU
Hopping pattern Statistically independent
Self-organizing and
Ad hoc Coordinated by gatewa
self-healing y
Any-to-any, multihop full mesh, unicast, broadcast
Routing capability Irrmmedlate neighbor and to/from gateway
with time-to-live, to nearest gateway
Maximum number of Unrestricted < 200 recommended because performance degrades
nodes per gateway exponentially with size
Maximum number of
gateways per network Unrestricted 1
Impact of packet
transmission on
neighbors
1 sur 2 29/10/2007 09:28
CA 02608469 2007-10-29
Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh FHSS Technology
http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/technology
~,~,r.=:r= ~=i~~~.? solutions products technology about us home
j.i"c=.vv'-~ 1
low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection
Low energy ad hoc wireless mesh networking
The unique characteristics of the Newtrax networking technology make It the
single solution to certain types of
applications. This is particularly true where the networked devices are
battery/solar powered, inherently
nomadic in nature and live in an electromagneticaily hostile environment such
as underground mines, railway
hub yards, urban environments, battlefields or heavy industriai sites.
Technological Comparison with other wireless Comparison with typical wireiess
Comparison of popular RF
advantage technologies sensors networks IC options
Comparison of popular RF IC options
Frequency band 902-928 MHz 2400-2483.5 Mhz
PHY radio Narrowband IEEE 602.15.4 Narrowband IEEE 802.1 S.4
= - - . ........ .. ... . .
Reference RF IC XE1203F AT86RF210 CC2500 CC2420
TX power +15 dBm +12 dBm +1 dBm 0 dBm
TX powerwith PA (Max) +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 dBm +30 d8m
RX sensit'rvity -108 dBm -98 dBm -89 dBm -95 dBm
RX sensitivity with LNA n/a n/a -98 dem -98 dBm
Data nte 38.4 kbps 40.0 kbps 250 kbps 2S0 kbps
Channel bandwidth 200 kHz 600 kHz 550 kHz 2 MHz
Number of channels 64 10 95 16
Channel spacing 400 kHz 2 MHz 875 kHz 5 MHz
Adjacent channel rejection 48 dB 0 dB 25 dB 39 dB
Alternate channel rejection 48 dB 30 dB 35 dB 55 dB
Maximum total system throughput in airspace 2.5 Mbps 0.4 mbps 23.8 Mbps 4.0
Mbps
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1, G 1~~ ` low energy ad-hoc RF-based motion &
wireless mesh proximity detection - - -
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Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh Node
http://www.newtraxtech.com/en/products/wireless-mesh-nodes
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server gateways mesh nodes
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Wireless Mesh Nodes
Wireless Mesh Nodes are application-specific battery-powered devices with
sensors, I/Os, microprocessors,
onboard data storage, and wireless networking capabilities.
Advanced energy management options enable multi-year battery-powered operation
in environments without
grid power.
Product highlights Industry-specific product information
If you are looking for Information about wireless nodes
Simple, quick and reliable installation in harsh environments products for our
industry solutions, please visit the page
without grid power outlets dedicated to that solution:
Battery pack options for battery Ilfe up to 10+ years
Underground mines & tunnels
All nodes have a unique 32-bt identification number (RFID)
Water & wastewater infrastructures
enabling resource and asset location and tracking
Mobile nodes qufckly attach themsleves to the nearest fixed Borders,
perimeters & battlefields
node enabling tracking of mobile assets or personnel and
text messaging
Standard Industrial I/Os, regulated power output options
and a remotely configurable embedded application allow
plug and play monitoring of sensors and control of actuators
Hundreds of nodes can share one or more Newtrax Gateway
Anywhere, anytime, from any web-enabled device, users can
remotely configure, monitor and control the nodes via the
Central Server
Communication
Spread spectrum protocol Power and energy requirements RF front end
TDMA / FHSS Typical time-averaged drain at 3V: 915/868MHz unlicensed band
Synchronization for communications: Continuous ad hoc self-organizing RPSMA
antenna connector
ad hoc, per link and distributed and self-healing with Tx 0 14 dBm:
-1 mA External or internal antenna options
Hopping speed: once per timesiot
With routing inactive (i.e. leaf-node) TX radiated power: -1 dBm up to 14
Hopping pattern: statistically and Tx dD 14 dBm: -250 pA dBm
independent
Peak drain at 3V: RX sensitivity: -108 dBm 9) 38.4 kbps
Link level acknowledgements
Tx (ID -1 dBm: 31.7 mA 64 x 200 kHz channels
Effective link throughput up to 1 kbps
38.4 kbps and up to 2 kbps 76.8 Tx QD 14 dBm: 70.0 mA Typical
omnidirectional range: up to
kbps 600 m depending on environment
[Min/Average] latency 500 ms / 2 s QD
Network management tools
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Newtrax Technologies I Wireless Mesh Node
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38.4 kbps and 350 ms / 1.5 s 76.8
kbps On-site Installation and Certifications
troubleshooting feedback with two
status LEDs FCC ID: TXKWN-1 00
Remote conflguration, performance Industry Canada ID: 6314A-WN100
monitoring and troubleshooting via
the Central Server console
Application
Signal inputs and outputs options Timestamping of sensor data Embedded
application firmware
(combinations up to 10 I/Os) Within 1 ms of absoiute reference provided
by Newtrax Gateway (communication Remotely configurable via the Central
Universal Analog Inputs with 12-bit protocol synchronization Is dlstributed
for Server console
ADC sampling up to 100 ksps maximum network resiliency, but absolute
supporting: time synchronization propagates Standard configuration options
inciude
Independently) sampling rate, statistical
0-20 mA measurements, alarm thresholds,
logging rules and distributed control
SO kf2 thermistor (customizabie) logic
0-3 V (customizable) Custom design for special applications
available on demand
Universal Digital Inputs supporting:
Dry-contact Power and energy requirements Regulated power supply output
[0-1) / [2-50] V options for sensors
Universal Digital Outputs supporting: Sleep: 60 NA 4D 3V
3 VDC up to 250 mA
Open collector Application processing: 2.3 mA 3V
VDC up to 150 mA (3V-6V supported)
0/3 V Sensor monitoring: variable
24 VDC up to 65 mA (15V-34V
Asynchronous -S/+5 V RS-232 (0/3 V supported)
UART supported)
12-bit Quarter Wheatstone Bridge Input Onboard data storage option RFID
SPI / 12C up to 4Mb serial flash Unique 32-bit identification number
GPIO with interrupt capabilities
LED control
Power supply
Electronics power requirements Battery pack DC power adapter option
3.0 to 5.5 VDC unregulated power Typical rule-of-thumb for battery life is Any
standard cellular phone charger
at least 1 year per lithium thionyl
Peak drain at 3V of at least 70.OmA chloride D cell. For Instance, 10 years
Rugged weatherproof options adapted
D cells to the target application available on
Time-averaged current drain will demand
depend on the application and Internal or external
sensors. Call us for an estimation
Remote battery voltage monitoring via
the Central Server console
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server mesh nodes
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