Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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FIELD DATA DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM WITH FIBER OPTIC CONVERTER
Background of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to field communication
distribution equipment
and, more particularly, to improvements in individual and grouped connectors
for such
equipment and for testing the integrity of circuits employing such connectors.
[0003] The J-1077 A/U distribution box (hereinafter referred to
simply as the "J-
1077") is used to interconnect military field telephones and other
communication devices in
mobile, transportable, and semi-permanent installations. The J-1077 has
provisions for
connection of one or two 26 conductor-pair cables to a set of 26 pairs of
spring post
connectors mounted on a panel within the box. As such, the J-1077 can
interconnect two
26-pair cables or can terminate a single 26-pair cable and provide connections
to the
conductors within the cable, such as for telephone sets or test equipment. The
J-1077 has
been in use for several decades and has proved to be generally rugged and
reliable in
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varied field conditions. Additional information about the J-1077 distribution
box can be
obtained from Associated Industries of North Hollywood, CA (www.associated-
ind.com) and
from other sources.
[0004] Although generally successful, the J-1077 has some
shortcomings. The
configuration of the spring post connectors requires that wires be stripped
before insertion
into the posts. Stripping sometimes damages some of the strands of a
conductor, causing
them to break off, thereby reducing the signal carrying capability of the
conductor. Stripping
is also time- consuming if a large number of connections need to be made at
one time.
[0005] Another problem with the J-1077 is that if a
communication malfunction occurs in
a system using J-1077 distribution boxes and cables, it is often difficult and
time-consuming to
isolate the problem among the possible 26 circuits which may be in use. At
present, the usual
procedure is to disconnect and reconnect each wire until the problem is
isolated. A related
problem is detecting the location of a break or cut in the cable or
unauthorized connections to
the network, such as by an enemy. Finally, there are no provisions on a
standard J-1077 box
for connection of computers thereto to enable field networking of computers or
data
communication between computerized devices using the J-1077 system.
[0006] Some types of military communication equipment have
optical data signal
interfaces which utilize optical fiber communication media. Optical data
signals have a
number of advantages in military applications, including high efficiency over
long distances,
high data rates, difficulty of tapping by an enemy, and the like. There is
also a need for
converting signals carried by optical fiber media to electrical data signals
for carriage by
conventional copper based cables.
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=
Summary of the Invention
[0007]
The present invention provides a number of improvements in J-1077 type
distribution boxes. In the present invention, the spring post connectors are
replaced by
sets of insulation displacement connectors (IDC) mounted on a connector panel.
Each
insulation displacement connector generally has a movable top section which
comprises
two wire insertion holes and a lower fixed section which houses a pair of
terminal strips.
The terminal strips have a wire engaging portion at one end for engaging and
making
electrical contact with a wire. The terminal strips are generally parallel to
one another but
offset to provide a sufficient dielectric strength between them. In order to
establish an
electrical connection between the wires and the terminal strips a user first
opens the top
section, i.e., pivots the top section to its open position, inserts the pair
of wires, and then
closes the top section. Upon closing the top section of the connector, the
wires are forced
through the terminal strip engaging portion to make electrical and mechanical
contact with
the terminal strips. To remove the wires and/or break the electrical
connection, the process
is reversed. Each spring binding post on the connector panel of the J-1077
distribution box
is replaced by an insulation displacement connector unit. The connectors of
the present
Invention are mounted on the J-1077 panel in pairs in the same manner as the
spring
binding posts they replace.
[0008]
The connectors typically carry audio frequency communication signals. In
order to facilitate troubleshooting to find which circuit may have a problem,
it is a common
practice to remove a conductor from a binding post, one at a time, until the
problem circuit
is identified. Such disconnecting and reconnecting is laborious and can damage
the
stripped wire ends, requiring that the wire end be stripped before
reconnecting. The
present invention overcomes this problem by providing a test switch in at
least one
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conductor of each pair_ By this means, the test switch can be opened to
disconnect the
circuit instead of physically removing the conductor from the connector.
Preferably, a
double pole, single throw switch is connected between the pairs of terminals
of the pair of
connector devices.
[0009] The present invention provides a means of detecting the approximate
location
of a cut or break in one of a series of interconnected cables of the type that
are used with
the J-1077 distribution box. Typically, the cables are formed by 26 numbered
pairs of
conductors. Normally, only 25 pairs carry communication signals, while the No.
26 pair is
used for testing and troubleshooting purposes. The present invention provides
at least one
resistor per cable, connected across the No. 26 conductor pair. When a
plurality of cables
are interconnected end to end by J-1077 boxes, the resistors of the cables are
connected
in parallel. If the resistance of the parallel combination is measured, the
number of
unbroken cable sections can be determined from the composite resistance and
compared
with the composite resistance expected from the number of cables present.
[0010] A standard resistor may also be connected across each end of the No.
26 pair of
each cable section. By this means, the integrity of a single cable section can
be determined by
measuring the resistance across the No. 26 conductor pair.
[0011] In order to provide for digital communications between computers and
computerized equipment, the improved J-1077 type distribution box of the
present invention
may have some of the insulation displacement connectors interconnected to
connectors
more appropriate for computer networks or for interconnections between modems.
Such
connectors can include, but are not limited to, RJ-45, RJ-11, and RJ-12
modular type
connectors; BNC type connectors; and other connectors commonly employed for
interconnections between computers. Conductors of the cables interconnecting
the
improved J-1077 boxes and carrying data between computers may be shielded
separately
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from the other conductor pairs to minimize possible interference to and from
other
signals on other conductor pairs. Data connectors and associated cable
conductors
would provide some limited computer networking capabilities in addition to
more
conventional analog voice communications in systems employing J-1077 type
distribution boxes. Alternatively, other types of connectors can be connected
to selected
insulation displacement connectors, such as standard phone connectors, F-type
connectors, fiber optic adapters, and other standard types of network,
telephone, audio,
video, and signal connectors.
[0012] An embodiment of the distribution box of present invention is
provided with
a media converter for converting between optical data signals and electrical
data signals.
A standard type of fiber optic connector is provided on the connector along
with a
standard type of electrical data connector. The fiber optic connector may, for
example,
be an ST type of optical connector while the electrical connector is an
RJ-45 connector. Media converter circuitry is interfaced to the optical and
electrical data
connectors and bilaterally converts between a standard optical data format and
a
standard electrical data format. The formats may, for example be 1000Base-SX
for the
optical data format and 1000Base-T for the electrical data format. Electrical
power for
operation of the media converter circuitry may be provided by a transformer
and rectifier
unit connected to a power strip or generator, a battery of an appropriate
size, or the like.
[012a] In a broad aspect, moreover, the present invention provides a field
communication distribution apparatus for use with a cable formed by a
plurality of cable
conductor pairs to enable temporary connection of communication devices to
said
conductor pairs, said cable terminating in a cable connector including pairs
of terminals
for each of said conductor pairs, said apparatus comprising: (a) a
weatherproof housing;
(b) a panel positioned in said housing and having a plurality of connector
devices
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mounted thereon; (c) each of said connector devices including a pair of
insulation
displacement connectors therein which enable connection thereto of unstripped
insulated
conductors of a communication device; (d) a box connector having a plurality
of box
conductor pairs, each of said box connector pairs being connected to a
respective pair of
insulation displacement connectors of one of said connector devices, said box
connector
being compatible with said cable connector to enable removable connection of
said cable
to said box connector; (e) an electrical data connector mounted on said panel
and
configured to carry an electrical data signal; (f) an optical connector
mounted on said
panel and configured to carry an optical data signal; and (g) media converter
circuitry
coupled between said electrical data connector and said optical connector and
bilaterally
converting between an electrical data signal received at said electrical data
connector
and an optical data signal at said optical connector or between an optical
data signal
received at said optical connector and an electrical data signal at said
electrical data
connector.
[012b] In another broad aspect, the present invention provides a field
communication distribution apparatus for use with a cable formed by a
plurality of cable
conductor pairs to enable temporary connection of communication devices to
said
conductor pairs, said cable terminating in a cable connector including pairs
of terminals
for each of said conductor pairs, said apparatus comprising: (a) a
weatherproof housing;
(b) a panel positioned in said housing and having a plurality of connector
devices
mounted thereon; (c) each of said connector devices including a pair of
insulation
displacement connectors therein which enable connection thereto of unstripped
insulated
conductors of a communication device; (d) a box connector having a plurality
of box
conductor pairs, each of said box connector pairs being connected to a
respective pair of
insulation displacement connectors of one of said connector devices, said box
connector
being compatible with said cable connector to enable removable connection of
said cable
to said box connector; (e) a plurality of auxiliary connectors mounted on said
panel, each
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of said auxiliary connectors having respective auxiliary connector terminals
connected to
the insulation displacement connectors of a selected connector device, said
auxiliary
connectors being of standard configurations to enable connection of
communication
devices having connectors compatible respectively with said auxiliary
connectors to
selected conductor pairs of said cable; (f) an electrical data connector
mounted on said
panel and configured to carry an electrical data signal; (g) an optical
connector mounted
on said panel and configured to carry an optical data signal; and (h) media
converter
circuitry coupled between said electrical data connector and said optical
connector and
bilaterally converting between an electrical data signal received at said
electrical data
connector and an optical data signal at said optical connector or between an
optical data
signal received at said optical connector and an electrical data signal at
said electrical
data connector.
[012c] In another broad aspect, the present invention provides a field
communication distribution apparatus for use with a cable formed by a
plurality of cable
conductor pairs to enable temporary connection of communication devices to
said
conductor pairs, said cable terminating in a cable connector including pairs
of terminals
for each of said conductor pairs, said apparatus comprising: (a) a
weatherproof housing;
(b) a panel positioned in said housing and having a plurality of pairs of
first and second
connector devices mounted thereon, each of said connector devices including a
pair of
insulation displacement connectors therein which enable connection thereto of
unstripped insulated conductors of a communication device; (c) each pair of
the first and
the second connector device being mounted in spaced relation and having the
pairs of
insulation displacement connectors thereof connected in parallel with the
insulation
displacement connectors of the associated connector device in the pair; (d) a
double
pole, single throw switch interconnecting the insulation displacement
connectors of said
first connector device of a pair of connector devices with the insulation
displacement
connectors of said second connector device of the pair; (e) a first box
connector and a
second box connector mounted on said housing, each of said box connectors
having a
plurality of box conductor pairs, each first box conductor pair being
connected to a
respective pair of insulation displacement connectors of the first connector
device of
each of the pairs of connector devices and an associated second box conductor
pair
being connected to the pair of insulation displacement connectors of the
second
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4,
,
connector device associated with said one first connector device, each of said
box
connectors being compatible with said cable connector to enable removable
connection
of a pair cables to said first and second box connectors; (f) each switch
enabling
identification of a relative location of a communication fault in the cables
connected
respectively to said first box connector and said second box connector; (g) a
plurality of
auxiliary connectors mounted on said panel, each of said auxiliary connectors
having
respective auxiliary connector terminals connected to the insulation
displacement
connectors of a selected connector device, said auxiliary connectors being of
standard
configurations to enable connection of communication devices having connectors
compatible respectively with said auxiliary connectors to selected conductor
pairs of said
cable; and (h) an electrical data connector mounted on said panel and
configured to
carry an electrical data signal; (i) an optical connector mounted on said
panel and
configured to carry an optical data signal; and (j) media converter circuitry
coupled
between said electrical data connector and said optical connector and
bilaterally
converting between an electrical data signal received at said electrical data
connector
and an optical data signal at said optical connector or between an optical
data signal
received at said optical connector and an electrical data signal at said
electrical data
connector.
[0013] Various objects and advantages of this invention will
become apparent
from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying
drawings
wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments
of this
invention.
[0014] The drawings constitute a part of this specification,
include exemplary
embodiments of the present invention, and illustrate various objects and
features thereof.
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Brief Description of the Drawings
[0015] Fig. 1 is a view of a J-1077 field communication
distribution box along with a
cable reel and cable and a telephone set.
[0016] Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a J-1077 box with
insulation displacement
connector sets and test switches which embodies the present invention.
[0017] Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view
similar to Fig. 2 and
illustrates elements the modified J-1077 box in more detail.
[0018] Fig. 4 is an enlarged plan view of a connector panel
of the modified J-1077
box with connectors and switches removed.
[0019] Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view of the
modified connector panel taken on
line 5-5 of Fig. 4.
[0020] Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the
modified connector panel taken on
line 6-6 of Fig. 4.
[0021] Fig. 7 is a greatly enlarged side elevational view of
an insulation displacement
connector used in the modified J-1077 distribution box of the present
invention, with a top
section shown in a closed position.
[0022] Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 7 and illustrates
the insulation displacement
connector with the top section shown in an opened position_
[0023] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating test
switches interconnecting
terminals of pairs of insulation displacement connectors of the modified J-
1077 distribution
box of the present invention and further illustrates the connection of a
muiticonductor
connector to a plurality of pairs of the insulation displacement connectors.
[0024] Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a
plurality of interconnected cables
of the present invention with resistors to enable the location of a break in a
cable.
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(00251 Fig. ills a block diagram illustrating an embodiment of a field
data
distribution system with a fiber optic converter according to the present
invention.
Detailed Description of the Invention
[00261 As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are
disclosed
herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are
merely
exemplary of the invention, which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore,
specific
structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted
as limiting, but
merely as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching
one skilled in
the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any
appropriately detailed
structure.
[00271 Referring to the drawing in more detail, the reference numeral 1
(Figs. 2 and
3) generally designates an improved field communication distribution box which
embodies
the present invention. The box 1 generally includes an access door or lid 2
hingedly
connected thereto and a connector panel 3 positioned in the box 1 and having
pairs 4 of
insulation displacement connectors 5, test switches 6, and auxiliary
connectors 7 mounted
thereon. The box 1 has box connectors 8 mounted on sides thereof to enable
connection
of cables 9 to the connectors 5 and 7 thereof. Conversely, the connectors 5
and 7 enable
connection of communication devices 10 to the cables 9 (Fig. 1) for
communication with
other devices 10 (Fig. 1) connected to the cables 9.
[00281 Referring to Fig. 1, the conventional field communication
distribution box 14,
with the military designation J-1077 NU or simply J-1077, has a plurality of
spring post
connectors 15 mounted on a panel 16. The box 14 has the capability of
interconnecting a
pair of the cables 9 and provides for the connection of communication devices
10, such as
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telephone sets, to conductor pairs in the cables 9. Fig. 1 shows a cable reel
17 on which a
cable 9 is stored and from which it is paid out from one box 14 to the next.
The illustrated
cable 9 (designated as CX-4566 A/G) has 26 numbered pairs of conductors and
terminates
at each end in a multi-terminal cable connector 18 (designated as a U-185 BIG
connector).
The cable connectors 18 mate with one of the box connectors 8 (designated U-
187 A/G
connectors) to interconnect two cables 9 and to enable connections of the
devices 10 to the
conductors of the cables 9.
[00291
The insulation displacement connector 5 generally has a movable top
section
21 which comprises two wire insertion holes and pivotally connected to a lower
fixed
section 22 which houses a pair of terminal strips. The terminal strips (not
shown) have a
wire engaging portion at one end for engaging and making electrical contact
with a wire.
The terminal strips are generally parallel to one another but offset to
provide a sufficient
dielectric strength between them. The top movable section 21 of the connector
5 pivots
about a fixed axis located toward the back side of the connector. The top
section 21 has a
movable latch member to maintain the top section in its closed position. To
open the top
section, a user the top section to its raised or open position (Fig. 8). When
the top section
is open, the terminal strips do not intersect the wire insertion holes, and
when the top
section is closed (Fig. 7), the terminal strips intersect the wire insertion
holes. In order to
establish an electrical connection between the wires and the terminal strips a
user first
opens the top section, i.e., pivots the top section to its open position,
inserts the pair of
wires, and then closes the top section. Upon closing the top section of the
connector, the
wires are forced through the terminal strip engaging portion to make
electrical and
mechanical contact with the terminal strips. To remove the wires and/or break
the electrical
connection, the process is reversed. A preferred type of insulation
displacement connector
is manufactured by Channell Commercial Corporation of Temecula, CA
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(www.channellcomm.com) and sold under the trademark Mini-Rocker. Such
connectors
are also sometimes referred to as Mil-Lok connectors.
[0030] Each
set spring binding posts 15 on the connector panel of the conventional
J-1077 distribution box 14 is replaced by a set 4 of insulation displacement
connector units
or connector devices 5. The pair of connector units 5 provides for redundancy
should one
of the receptacles malfunction or be damaged. The insulation displacement
connectors 5
enable faster and more reliable connections since the wires to be inserted do
not require
stripping. The terminals 5' (Fig. 9) of each connector unit 5 are connected to
associated
pairs of conductors 8' in the box connectors 8. Referring to Fig. 9, the
terminals of a first
one of the pair 4 of connector units 5 are connected to the box connector 8 on
one side of
the box 1 while the terminals of the second of the pair 4 are connected to the
box connector
8 on the opposite side of the box 1.
[0031] In
order to facilitate troubleshooting to find which circuit may have a problem,
it is a common practice with the older box 14 to remove a conductor from a
binding post 15,
one at a time, until the problem circuit is identified. Such disconnecting and
reconnecting is
laborious and can damage the stripped wire ends, requiring that the wire end
be stripped
before reconnecting. The present invention overcomes this problem by providing
a test
switch 6 to interconnect the sets of terminals of each pair 4 of connector
units 5. A double
pole, single throw switch configuration is preferred. When the switch contacts
are closed,
the terminals of each pair 4 are interconnected. However, when the switch
contacts are
opened, the conductors of cables 9 on both sides of the box 1 can be
individually tested,
without removing wires from the connector units 5.
[0032] The
present invention provides a means of detecting the approximate location
of a cut or break in one of a series of interconnected cables 9. Typically,
the cables 9 are
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formed by 26 numbered pairs of conductors. Normally, only 25 pairs carry
communication
signals, while the No. 26 pair is used for testing and troubleshooting
purposes.
[0033] Referring to Fig. 10, the present invention provides at
least one resistor 28
per cable, connected across the No. 26 conductor pair. The value of the
resistor is
standardized and may range from about 1000 ohms (1 ki(ohm) to several hundred
kilohms.
A number of cables 9 are normally strung together end-to-end using boxes 10 or
other
kinds of appropriate connectors. Normally, a technician will be aware of the
exact number
of cables 9 present in a given communication network. Each cable 9 added, in
the present
invention, connects an additional resistor 28 in parallel, thereby further
dividing the
equivalent resistance of all the interconnected resistors 28. Additionally,
the resistance of a
given length of the conductor pair is known. The unbroken length of the
composite cable is
related to the equivalent resistance measured across the No. 26 conductor
pair. If the
value of the standard resistor is relatively high, the in-line resistance of
the conductor pair is
less significant in proportion to the standard resistors, such that the
equivalent resistance of
the cable is effectively the parallel combination of the standard resistors.
Thus, the
equivalent resistance of the cable is inversely proportional to the length of
the composite
cable.
[0034] For example, if the composite cable is formed by ten
cable sections, each
with a standard resistor connected across the No. 26 pair, then the equivalent
resistance
measured is one tenth of the value of the standard resistor. However, if ten
cable sections
should be present and the resistance measured by an ohm meter 30 from one end
is, for
example, one seventh the value of the standard resistor, then the technician
knows that
there is a break in the eighth section. By this means, the broken cable
section can be
replaced or repaired quickly and directly without the need to inspect each
section.
Alternatively, resistor 28 may be connected across each end of the No. 26 pair
of each
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cable section 9. By this means, the integrity of a single cable section 9 can
be determined
by measuring the resistance across the No. 26 conductor pair.
[00351 The present invention also contemplates connecting a
cable monitor circuit to
the No. 26 cable pair which monitors the equivalent resistance of the
composite cable.
Such a cable monitor would preferably be based on a programmable digital
computer or at
least a programmable microprocessor to provide for a variety of desirable
features. The
number of sections and the value of the standard resistor are entered into the
monitor
circuit. If the monitored resistance varies by greater than a selected
tolerance, an alarm is
activated. The change in resistance could be a consequence of the cable being
damaged
or being disconnected by an enemy to insert listening equipment into the line.
In either
case, once the occurrence to line interruption has been alerted, the
approximate location of
the break can be located by the procedures described previously.
[0036] In some applications, it may be desirable to provide in-
line electrical fuses
(not shown) to the conductors of the cable to protect circuits and equipment
connected
thereto. Such fuses may be rated at relatively low levels of current, such as
375
milliamperes, because of the relatively low power levels of signals intended
to be carried by
the conductors of the system. The fuses protect the circuits connected thereto
from
damage due to short circuits, current surges, and the like. The fuses are
preferably
provided in such a manner that they can be easily replaced if blown.
[0037] In order to provide for digital communications between
computers and
computerized equipment, the improved type distribution box 1 of the present
invention may
have various types of auxiliary connectors 7 having auxiliary connector
terminals 7'
interconnected to the terminals 5' of the insulation displacement connector
units 5. Such
connectors can include, but are not limited to, RJ-45, RJ-11, and RJ-12
modular type
connectors; BNC type connectors; F-type connectors, fiber optic adapters, and
other
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connectors commonly employed for interconnections between computers, computer
networks, modems, and the like. Conductors of the cables 9 interconnecting the
boxes 1
and carrying data between computers may be shielded separately from the other
conductor
pairs to minimize possible interference to and from other signals on other
conductor pairs.
Data connectors and associated cable conductors would provide some limited
computer
networking capabilities in addition to more conventional analog voice
communications in
systems employing conventional J-1077 type distribution boxes.
[00381 Figs. 4-6 illustrate an improved panel 3 suitable for use
with the modified
distribution box 1. The panel 3 includes slots 33 to receive pairs 4 of the
connector units 5,
circular apertures 35 to receive the test switches 6, and square openings 37
to receive the
auxiliary connectors 7. As shown in Fig. 5, the panel 3 may have its surface
relieved in an
angular configuration around the slots 33 at 39 to position the connector
units 5 at a more
convenient attitude for access by a technician.
[00391 Fig. 11 diagrammatically illustrates an embodiment of the
distribution box 44
incorporating media converter circuitry 45 for converting data formats between
an electrical
data format and an optical data format. The box 44 includes auxiliary
connectors 47 and
48, of which connector 47 is an electrical data connector such as an RJ-45
Ethernet type
connector and connector 48 is an optical connector such as an ST type optical
connector.
In general, the media converter bilaterally or bidirectionally converts
between an electrical
data signal format carried by the electrical connector 47 and an optical data
signal format
carried by the optical connector 48. The media converter circuit 45 may, for
example, be a
Signamax Connectivity Systems 065-1195 unit from AESP, Inc.
(www.sionamax.com). It is
foreseen that other types of media converter units could alternatively be
employed. The
illustrated media converter converts from a 1000Base-T format, a gigabit
Ethernet format
for a twisted pair of electrical conductors, to an 1000Base-SX format, a
gigabit optical
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Ethernet format for carriage by an optical fiber. The illustrated media
converter 45 is
powered by a DC power source 50 which may be a transformer and rectifier unit
plugged
into a power strip or generator, a battery of the appropriate voltage, or the
like. The media
converter 45 allows optical equipment 52 with a fiber optic interface to
communicate data
with electrical equipment 54 having an electrical Ethernet interface and vice
versa. The
electrical equipment 54 can be local to the distribution box 44 or can be
remote from the
box 44 and connected by a cable similar to the cable 9 described above and
connected to
a local box connector 56, similar to the box connector 8. The DC power source
50 may be
connected to a panel indicator, such as an LED 58 to indicate activation of
the media
converter 45. The power source 50 may also be connected to the box connector
56 to
provide DC power through a cable connected to the box connector 56 remote from
the
distribution box 44.
[0040] It is to be understood that while certain forms of the present
invention have
been illustrated and described herein, it is not to be limited to the specific
forms or
arrangement of parts described and shown.
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