Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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"IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT GENERATOR OF
ELECTRICAL POWER".
TECHNICAL FIELD
The invention herein refers to improvements in electrical power
generating equipment which, due to the construction adopted, allows
simplified maintenance at reduced frequency; in addition to useful
application in several types of hydro electrical power plants, namely:
micro, mini and small sized hydroelectric power plants.
TECHNICAL FUNDAMENTALS
The state-of-the-art technology already acknowledges several
types of hydro-electrical power generators with turbine and electrical
generator coupled as well as integrated in a single equipment.
Usually, equipments with turbine and electrical generator
integrated into single equipment present, as main inconvenience, the
need for electrical field feeding in the generator rotor, which in turn,
requires the adoption of auxiliary systems, such as excitement
system, brushes, rings and collectors, consequently, turning the
required complete rotor water tightness difficult.
One of the existent integrated hydroelectric power generators,
known as Straffo turbine, presents the generator rotor assembled in
the periphery of the propeller or Kaplan wheel.
The referred Straflo generator has as source of magnetic flux
generated in the rotor, coils fed by external electrical current;
therefore, having as constructive characteristics the need of
mechanical seals or hydrostatic gasket joints, for water tightness
preventing water from reaching the gap between the rotor and the
stator, and the electrical parts of the rotor.
Another inconvenience observed in such turbine model consists
of the fact that: inasmuch there is a need for transferring electrical
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power from foreign source to the rotor to generate useful magnetic
flux per pole in the rotor, water tightness for the physical circuit that
will perform such transfer becomes necessary.
Other generators applied to hydro electrical plants may be
found in the state-of-the-art, such as document EP 1318299, where a
turbine in bulb shape is foreseen, using a synchronous generator with
permanent magnetic excitation with permanent magnetic poles, which
are arranged in the generator rotor; the generator refrigeration is
allowed only by the turbine flux which directs and promotes heat
transfer of the bulb external surface. The document herein, although
utilizing permanent magnetic excitement, presents complex
constructive format, which turns its application unfeasible as an
application of the present invention.
Document EP 0790696 refers to an electrical power generator,
which presents one stator and one rotor, while the stator comprises
some plurality of rectangular sectors where magnectical pole
elements are disposed, being such arrangement applied to
conventional generators, aiming at reducing the size of equipment,
and avoiding some inconveniences found in the technique, however, it
cannot be used in hydro electrics due to lack of water tightness and
some other decurrent problems.
The applicant already holds the patent deposit for one
integrated hydro generator, applied for as No. PI 0205233-4, having
turbine and generator integrated and the generator rotor assembled
to the external diameter of the turbine blades.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECT.
In order to overcome inconveniences arising from current
techniques, the invention herein has been developed focusing on
"IMPROVING ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATOR EQUIPMENT", more
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specifically applied to electrical power generation systems, allowing
energy conversion elements to constitute a set composed of:
- Hydraulic turbine: used for energy conversion from fluid
mechanical into mechanical energy;
- Generator: used for conversion of mechanical into electrical
energy, composed of: Generator Stator and Generator Rotor.
The turbine power is directly transmitted to the electrical
generator whenever the rotor with permanent magnets is assembled
solidary to the turbine hub, or through a shaft that couples the
turbine hub to the electric generator rotor.
The physical arrangement of the electrical energy generator
equipment presents two main configurations, namely:
External Generator Stator, and Internal Generator Rotor, shown in
pictures from 1 to 7, 9, 11 and 13, named as Version A; and
Internal Generator Stator and External Generator Rotor, shown in
pictures 8,10,12 and from 14 to 19 and named as Version B.
In both instances, the rotor with permanent magnets is
assembled either solidarily to the turbine hub or by means of a shaft
that couples the turbine cube to the electrical generator rotor.
Yet, the synchronous generator may have permanent magnets
positioned in the generator rotor in two formats, namely:
Permanent magnets assembled on the rotor surface, shown in
figure 3 for Version A and in figure 15 for Version B; and permanent
magnets assembled, inserted in the rotor, shown in figure 4, for
Version A and in figure 16 for Version B.
Resins, compound materials (either organic or metallic) or
ceramics may be used in the capsulation of permanent magnets of
the electrical generator rotor and stator, yet the capsulation option
may be a combination of those materials listed.
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The forms to obtain material encapsulation may be those
performed by injection, immersion, dripping or by applying plates,
ribbons, wires or blankets.
The hydraulic turbine and the generator are assembled in
integrated format, with the electrical generator rotor directly
coupled to the Propeller or Kaplan turbine hub (or cube), or to the
equipment shaft, which can be formed by a single part or divided
into sections interconnected by flanges, spools or sleeves, among
others.
The hydraulic turbine can be Propeller or Kaplan type, and the
electrical generator rotor with poles of permanent magnets is
solidarily connected to its hub, or to the equipment shaft, being the
shaft made either in one piece or divided into pieces connected by
flanges, spools, sleeves, etc.
The turbine blades may possibly be adjusted during
assemblage, or be controlled either by mechanisms or hydraulic
systems, while the equipment shaft is applied for radial and
longitudinal positioning of the turbine/generator set.
The hydraulic turbine hub may be cylindrical, spherical,
elliptical, or any other shape that allows the pivoting of the hydraulic
turbine blades, which means, the rotation motion around an axis
perpendicular to the shaft of the solidary turbine/generator set.
When the blades of the hydraulic turbine are controllable, they
will pivot in relation to the turbine hub.
Eventually, if permanent magnets of the electrical generator
rotor are resistant to corrosion and abrasion, they may be non-
encapsulated.
The electrical generator rotor can be encapsulated by resins,
compound materials (either organic or metallic) or ceramics, as
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capsulation options, and in order to maintain water tightness, the
capsulation option may be a combination of the above mentioned
materials.
The application modes of capsulation materials may be by
means of injection, immersion, dripping or applications per plates,
bands, threads or blankets.
Eventually, permanent non-capsulated magnets resistant to
corrosion and abrasion may be used, turning water tightness of the
electrical generator rotor unnecessary, being such an option of the
equipment physical arrangement.
One of the objectives of the present equipment is to propose
that the rotor magnets of the electrical generator, whether
encapsulated or not, remain immersed in water, therefore allowing
water in the gap between the generator rotor and the generator
stator (space between the electric generator rotor and the generator
stator).
Another objective achieved with the construction of such
electrical energy generator equipment is that, with the utilization of
permanent magnets(5), either encapsulated or resistant to corrosion
and abrasion, the electrical feeding is not necessary for the field of
the electrical generator rotor, with consequent suppression of the
excitation system, and also turning the water tightness between the
electrical generator rotor and the equipment stationary parts and
facilitating the equipment heat exchange.
Therefore, the Utility Model herein describes the equipment
generator of electrical power as an innovative improvement applied to
electrical systems for power generation, allowing the complete hydro-
mechanic-electrical conversion in an integrated turbine/generator
ensemble making use of permanent magnets, either capsulated or
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non-capsulated, with no need for electrical excitation system for the
rotor of the electric generator; therefore, eliminating the need for
water tightness, allowing presence of water in the gap between the
generator rotor and the generator stator,
DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS.
In order to complement the present description, aiming at
clearly understanding the characteristics of such invention, and
according to a preferential practical presentation of the hardware
arising from the same, there are two sets of drawings divided into
f0 two groups related to the following versions:
Version A - External Generator Stator and Internal Generator Rotor
Version B - Internal Generator Stator and External Generator Rotor,
Thus, in an exemplified rather than restrictive manner, the
following is represented:
Figure 1 illustrates a frontal view of the electrical power
generator equipment (Version A) and that in particular presents the
physical arrangement with the Propeller or Kaplan turbine type;
Figure 2 shows a schematic and lateral view of the application
for patent registration (application Number PI-0.205.233.4);
Figure 3 is the illustration of the permanent magnets
arrangement on the surface of the rotor generator;
Figure 4 is the illustration of permanent magnets arrangement
inserted in the generator rotor;
Figure 5 represents a longitudinal cut from Case Al
equipment, illustrating the components assembled (application for
patent registration No. PI-0.205.233-4);
Figure 6 represents a longitudinal cut from the equipment
Case A2, illustrating the components assembled (application for
patent registration number PI-0.205.233-4);
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Figure 7 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
illustrating the assembled components / Case B1: Set of turbine and
electrical generator rotor bi-supported with the rotor of the electrical
generator solidary with the turbine hub projection and with
permanent magnets placed in the external diameter of the rotor
electrical generator;
Figure 8 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
illustrating the components assembled / Case B2: set of turbine and
electrical generator rotor bi-supported, with rotor of the electric
generator solidary to the extension of the turbine hub, and with
permanent magnets placed in the internal diameter of the electrical
generator rotor;
Figure 9 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
illustrating the assembled components / Case B3: turbine and
electrical generator rotor set bi-supported with the rotor of the
electrical generator solidary to the equipment shaft, being the shaft
either one single piece, or divided into sections interconnected by
flanges, spools, sleeves, etc, and with permanent magnets in the
external diameter of the electrical generator rotor;
Figure 10 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
illustrating the assembled components / Case B4: turbine and
electrical generator rotor set bi-supported with the electrical
generator solidary to the equipment shaft, being the shaft either a
single part or composed of by sections interconnected by flanges,
reels, sleeves, etc. and with permanent magnets in the internal
diameter of the electrical generator rotor;
Figure 11 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
Illustrating the assembled components / Case B5: The turbine is bi-
supported and the electrical generator is in balance. Permanent
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magnets are in the external diameter of the electrical generator
rotor;
Figure 12 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
Illustrating the assembied components / Case B6: The turbine is bi-
supported and the electrical generator is in balance. The permanent
magnets are in the internal diameter of the electrical generator rotor;
Figure 13 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
Illustrating the components assembled / Case B7: The turbine is in
balance, fixed to the equipment shaft projection, being the shaft
either a single piece or composed of sections interconnected by
flanges, spools, sleeves, etc. and the rotor of the electrical generator
bi-supported with the permanent magnets located in the internal
diameter of the electrical generator rotor;
Figure 14 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
Illustrating the assembled components / Case B8: the turbine is in
balance, fixed to the projection of the equipment shaft, being the
shaft and the equipment either a single piece or composed of sections
interconnected by flanges, spools, sleeves, etc, and the rotor of the
electrical generator is bi-supported with the permanent magnets
located in the internal diameter of the electrical generator rotor; and
Version B - Internal Generator Stator and External Generator Rotor.
Figure 15 represents the arrangement of permanent magnets
on the surface of the generator rotor; in Version B:
Figure 16 represents the arrangement of permanent magnets
inserted in the generator rotor;
Figure 17 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment CASE
Cl;
Figure 18 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment CASE
C2; and
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Figure 19 represents a longitudinal cut of the equipment,
illustrating the assembled components / CASE C3,(Version B).
Turbine and electrical generator rotor set bi-supported with the
electrical generator solidary to prolongation of the turbine hub.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE OBJECT.
With reference to the illustrated drawings, the invention
herein refers to "IMPROVEMENTS UPON THE ELECTRICAL POWER
GENERATOR EQUIPMENT", employed as generator of hydroelectric
energy, synchronous generator type with permanent magnet poles
(1), equipment composed of the following parts, namely (see figures
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,17,18 and 19):
a) Hydraulic turbine (2): used for fluid mechanical conversion
into mechanical ;
b) Electrical Generator (3) set composed of parts 1,4,5,7 and
10 : used for mechanical conversion into electrical, which is
composed of:
bl) Generator stator ( 4) - Figures from 7 to 14,17, 18 and
19): encapsulated, however, similar to the electrical stators
usually employed which, in its conception is composed of
magnetic circuit, named Stator Ironwork (5) Figures 3 and 4)
and multiphase winding ( 6) (Figures 3, 4, 15 and 16),
placed in the stator grooves, distributed and shortened,
aiming at by its peculiarities to confer the expected
characteristics to the electrical output tension of the generator
(3);
b2) Generator rotor ( 7) Figures from 7 to 14, 17,18 and
19): composed of magnetic circuit, identified as "Rotor
Ironwork" ( 8) - figures 3 , 4, 15 and 16) and poles( 9) (
figures 3 , 4, 15 and 16), of permanent magnets (1) ( Figures
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from 7 to 14, 17,18 and 19), being the mentioned poles
placed in the rotor ( 7 ) of the generator.
c) Gap between stator and rotor (10) (Figures from 7 to 14, 17, 18
and 19): gap between the generator stator (4) and the generator
rotor (7).
The generator stator ( 4 ) shall be totally encapsulated by
resins, compound materials (either organic or metallic) or ceramics;
the encapsulation option may be the combination of the
aforementioned materials.
The application process for encapsulation materials may be by
means of injection, immersion, dripping, or applications of plates,
ribbons, threads or blankets.
Optionally, permanent magnets (1) of the generator rotor (7)
may not be encapsulated, and in such situation permanent magnets
shall be resistant to corrosion and abrasion.
The generator rotor (7) shali be encapsulated by resins,
compound materials (organic or metallic), or ceramics that may be
encapsulation options, yet the encapsulation option may also be a
combination of the above mentioned materials, aiming at keeping
water tightness of the generator rotor.
The generator rotor (7) is usually encapsulated and totally
immersed in water, allowing the presence of water in the gap (10)
between the generator rotor (7) and generator stator (4).
The application process for encapsulation materials of the
generator rotor (7) and (3) may be obtained by means of injection,
immersion, dripping, or applications of plates, ribbons, threads or
blankets.
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The permanent magnets (1) placed in the generator rotor (7)
act as excitation elements (generating the useful magnetic flux per
pole), which can be assembled in the Rotor Iron in two ways:
a) Permanent magnets ( 1) at
generator rotor surface (7),
shown in figures 3 and 15,
with the magnetization of the
permanent magnets in radial
direction ( R1 ); or
b) Permanent magnets inserted
in the Rotor Iron (8) as shown
in figures 4 and 16, where
the Rotor iron ( 8 ) is
previously prepared for the
insertion of permanent
magnets (1) leading to the
magnetization of the
permanent magnets (1) to
tangential direction (Ti)
The arrangement of permanent magnets (1) for every pole ( 9)
may be formed either by only one piece of permanent magnet or by
a composition of small pellets, conveniently displayed in the rotor
surface or inserted in the rotor.
The Stator iron (5) and Rotor Iron may be made of any
magnetic materials that better fits the project.
The electrical energy generator equipment herein proposed is
composed of a structure formed by a rear crossbar ( 12 ) figures fro
7 to 14, 17,18 and 19) and posterior crossbar ( 13) figures from 7
to 14, 17,18 and 19), where the forward guiding bearing is located
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(14) ( figures from 7 to 14,17,18 and 19) and rear guiding bearing
(15) ( figures from 7 to 14,17,18 and 19), being the thrust bearings
(16) (figures from 7 to 14,17,18 and 19) and back- thrust bearing
(17) ( figures from 7 to 14,17,18 and 19) being alternatively placed
either in the forward bearing (14) or in the rear bearing (15).
The bearings (16/17) may be sliding bearings or roller
bearings, lubricated by water, grease, oil or dry.
The heat generated by mechanical friction in the bearings is
transferred to the water flow; whenever bearings are lubricated by
oil the heat dissipation may be carried out by using external heat
exchangers.
The forward guiding bearing (14) and the rear guiding bearing
(15) support the equipment shaft (18) figures from 7 to 14, 17, 18
and 19).
The arrangements of figures 3 and 15 envisage that
permanent magnets (1) be positioned on the surface of the
generator rotor (7).
The arrangements of figures 4 and 16 envisage that
permanent magnets (1) positioned inserted in the generator rotor
(7).
The hydraulic turbine may be Propeller or Kaplan type.
The blades (11) figures from 7 to 14,17, 18 and 19 ) of the
hydraulic turbine (2) may be fixed, adjustable in the assemblage or
controllable by means of mechanisms, hydraulic or electrical systems.
The equipment shaft (18) allows radial and longitudinal
positioning of the set.
The turbine hub (cube) (19) figures from 7 to 14, 17, 18 and
19) may be cylindrical, spherical, elliptical, or any other shape that
allows the pivoting of the blades (11).
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When the blades (11) of the hydraulic turbine are controllable,
they will pivot in relation to the turbine hub (9).
The regulation of electrical tension and frequency are obtained
by electronic, electromechanical or hydraulic external equipment.
The pre-distributor with regulating blades (11) contributes to
improve the equipment efficiency in different load and flow
conditions.
The electrical power generating equipment (2) and (3) may be
positioned as follows:
a) as to individual positioning, such as:
al = horizontal (perpendicular to the site surface vertical);
a2 = aligned to site surface vertical
a3 = inclined in relation to the site surface vertical;
b) as to the number of equipments in the same site: one or more
equipment. The equipment for electrical energy generation (2) and
(3) may be grouped as follows:
bl)In parallel, side by side horizontally, with the middle cross
section plane of the turbine rotors perpendicular to the main
water flow direction;
b2) one equipment over another vertically (also in parallel)
with the middle cross section plans of turbine rotors
perpendicular to the main water flow direction;
b3) serial positioned equipment (one equipment receiving the
water output flow from the previous equipment)
b4) Combined in one or more modules, which can be switched
on and off individually or in groups.
It is important to understand that the invention herein does
not limit its application to the details and steps herein described.
Such invention allows some other modalities and to be practiced or
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executed in various manners, being understood that the terminology
used aims at description, rather than limitation.
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