Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05 Canetle Censda 2009/02/05
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MOTORS WITH PISTONS THAT USE
ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY AS THE PISTONS'
DRIVING FORCE
INVENTION TECHNICAL SCOPE
My invention is a motor that will revolutionize the transportation field.
My invention will significantly reduce our dependence on gasoline, as
a fuel necessary to drive our engines. My invention is a replacement
motor for any combustion type piston engine. This includes, but is
not limited to, automobiles, aircraft, trains and ships. The application
of electromagnetic energy, to drive the pistons of an engine, is what
my patent covers. I have used the V8 automobile engine as a
familiar example to explain my invention. This does not limit the
applications of this invention. The dimensions used are as an
example only. The use of the electromagnetic piston driver motor
'll be similar to that of an internal combustion engine.
he user will turn a key in the steering column. That will activate the
starter motor which begins to turn the flywheel and resultantly turns
the crankshaft. This is a standard operating procedure of the
combustion engine. This would normally be followed by sparks
intermittently igniting a fuel/air mixture in the space over the pistons.
The force of the explosion would drive the pistc,$i.1sT~Mg~nction,.s_.! n
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
described are those associated with starting a combustion engine
and are common knowledge to all those who have operated an
automobile. The starter motor is a standard part of the V8 engine
example, not unique to my design.
The start up of my electromagnetic piston driver motor is the same
as a combustion engine. Turning the key energizes the starter
motor. The starter motor is specially torqued to initially start the
motor turning from a stopped position. This will ease the start up of
the motor. The instant the motor begins to turn, the firing
(energizing) sequence will activate. It will be the same as your car
does now. Instead of causing a spark, the electricity is used to
energize a copper coil that is wrapped many times around an
electromagnetic piece of iron. The current through the coil converts
the piece of iron (10/10) into an electromagnet. These
electromagnets are affixed concentrically over the ports of the
cylinders. The coils are energized by drawing current from a 12 volt
battery.
The energizing sequence for the coils is the same as your firing
sequence for your sparkplugs. The energizing sequence begins
sending short electric pulses to the copper coils, alternately
energizing and de-energizing the coils. This creates a strong
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magnetic force in the space above the piston each time it is
energized. This magnetic force acts upon the face of the piston
above which it is affixed. The face of the piston is manufactured to
be permanently magnetic. The two magnetic poles will be the same
(the magnet and the piston). This doubles the magnetic force.
When the piston face is closest to the magnet face (in the cylinder)
the coil is energized. The moveable piston is repelled away from
the fixed magnet driving it down into the cylinder. This linear motion
is mechanically converted to rotary motion with the piston arms
and crankshaft. The exact way it was designed for.
In the energized state, the magnet is charged with the same
polarity as the piston is charged, repelling it away from the
electromagnetic force fixed concentrically above it. Air is drawn in
through ports in the side of the manifold to allow the piston to be
driven down the piston sleeve (cylinder) without creating a vacuum
behind it.
During the de-energized phase, the electromagnetic field dissipates
and the piston is allowed to rise, following the natural mechanical
movement of the crankshaft. The air atop the rising piston is
exhausted through the same ports on the side of the manifold. The
air is clean and free of pollutants.
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The use of iron 10/10 is an example of a highly electromagnetic
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metal that is easily magnetized but doesn't hold the magnetic
charge long after it is de-energized. This allows the piston to easily
rise again in the cylinder to reach the top position (position A).
When the piston is closest to the magnet, it is energized and thrust
away to the bottom of the cylinder (position B).
Driving the pistons linearly down the piston sleeve inside the
engine's block, by consistently pulsing the coils on and off and
repeatedly creating an electromagnetic force on the top of each
piston sequentially, causes the linkage arms (which are linked to
the crankshaft) to mechanically turn the crankshaft. The engine will
continue this repeated process of energizing and de-energizing the
magnets sequentially, creating revolutions of the crankshaft until it
reaches approximately 500 revolutions per minute. The engine will
idle at that speed. This constant run is necessary to move at low
speed.
The revolutions per minute can be increased and decreased, by
increasing and decreasing the frequency of the pulses to each coil.
This will be configured to work with the accelerator pedal of your
automobile. By pressing your foot down on the pedal you quicken
the pulses to the individual coils. This will increase the rpm's. By
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taking your foot pressure off the pedal, it will spring back in place,
and the rpms will decrease back to 500. The rpms will remain at
500 and the engine will idle at that tempo until the user applies
positive pressure to the accelerator pedal again. It will respond the
same way a combustion engine's throttle does.
With the patent, I will license all individual companies to use this
motor and drive system, to replace their own combustion motors.
My motor will be manufactured to copy existing motors so they can
be an exact replica for the combustion engine it is replacing. The
dimensions, motor mounts, fan, radiator, all these will remain the
same. The motor will need oil and cooling and a separate 12 volt
battery to run your lights, stereo and DVD players. You will not
however, need your exhaust system, or fuel tank or gas lines. You
will be able to just "plug it in" where the old combustion engine was.
I am estimating that every two coils will need a 12 volt battery of its
own.
Using a belt driven alternator recharging system for each battery
that supplies the coils, and a spare, you could ultimately drive
forever without stopping. The only way to stop it, would be to have
two of the batteries completely fail at once, or by turning the key off.
My invention is basically this. An aluminum (non electromagnetic)
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
block piston motor, with a block mounted manifold that houses coil
generated electromagnets,-affixing them concentrically above the
cylinder ports. The electromagnets are then sequentially energized
and de-energized to drive the pistons up and down the cylinders of
the motor, and by this facilitate the reciprocation of the crankshaft.
It will be as similar in function to that of a combustion engine, as
possible. This will decrease the need for a public user, learning
curve. The motor will produce zero emissions. This drive theory and
motor can be adapted to replace every combustion driven piston
engine.
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Drawings
Fig 1
Isolation view of the electromagnet assembly and a pistonl
assembly, to illustrate the main theory of the design. The
electromagnetic force is applied in the gap between the piston 1
(part 2) and the magnet (part 1) above it. The piston assembly
shows the way the piston arm (part 9) connects to the piston axle
(part 10). This view also shows the correct placement of the piston
axle (part 10) as it fits into the pistons lower housing.
(includes parts 1, 2, 4, 9 and 10)
Fig 2
Isolation view of the piston 2 (part 3) assembly and the coil 2 (part
5). The coil is shown as being semi transparent to illustrate how this
design is different. Piston 2 (part 3) features a solenoid style
application. The transparency allows you to see the stem from
piston 2's (part 3) face, inside the coil. The electromagnetic force is
created inside the coils' (part 5) diameter. Therefore the force is
applied to the stem inside the coil (part 5), forcefully ejecting the
stem. This view also shows the assembled relations between the
parts 3, 9, and 10. (includes parts 5, 3, 9 and 10)
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Fig3
This is piston 1 (part 2). It is shown beside piston 2 (part 3) to
illustrate the difference in the two designs. The top flat surface, or
the entire piston will be made of highly magnetic metal. The face of
the piston is shown as flat, however that does not limit the shape of
the pistons face. Other considerations are conical or domed. The
lower housing shows the holes that accommodate the piston axle
(part 10).
Fig 4
This is piston 2 (part 3). This image clearly shows the unique stem
feature of this piston. It is shown next to pistonl (part 2), to clearly
illustrate the differences in the two designs. This piston (part 3)
must have a stem and face or the entire piston permanently
magnetized. This piston (part 3) is designed specifically for use with
coil 2 (part 5). It is more of a solenoid style application. The stem on
the face of the piston (part 3) actually enters the coil ring (part 5)
when it reaches its uppermost travel.
Fig 5
This image shows the key components of my design. The parts to
which I am claiming as my intellectual property. The block (part 8),
the retro head (part 6) and the head cover (part 7) have all been
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
drawn as transparent. This allows the main parts, the
electromagnet assemblies (fig 6) and the pistons (parts 2 & 3) to
be shown as they are configured in relation to each other in the
assembled motor. (includes parts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 12)
Fig 6
This image shows the electromagnet assembly. It shows how the
three parts (1, 4 & 11) are assembled together. The magnet is
made by wrapping the copper wire into a coil (part 4) around the
shaft of the iron or ceramic piece (part 1). The disc on the top edge
of the magnet (part 1) is the framework that supports the
connection terminals. They protrude from the top of the disc and
have connectors compatible with the power supply cables. The coil
cap (part 11) protects the coil from damage. (includes parts 1, 4 &
11)
Fig 7
Fig 7 is an exploded view of a fully assembled V8 motor. Its shows
all the parts and how they go together. It depicts the two unique
piston designs, and their separate assembly requirements. The V8
has been depicted as having both styles of drive, the solenoid type
and the flat faced electromagnet type. In real world application, the
V8 would use the same application for all 8 cylinders.
(includes all parts)
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Fig 8 This is the top view drawing of the magnet (part 1).
Fig 9 Figure 9 is the front view drawing of part 1, the magnet.
Fig 10 This drawing is an isometric view of part 1, the magnet.
Fig 11 An isometric view of the head cover (part 7).
Fig 12 An isometric view of part 7, the head cover.
Fig 13 Isometric view of part 6, the retro head.
Fig 14 Annotation view of the retro head (part 6).
Fig 15 Another view of the retro head (part 6).
Fig 16 This image depicts the piston arm, as it would look if it
were photographed.
Fig 17 The side view of the piston arm (part 9)
Fig 18 This is the front view drawing of part 9, the piston arm.
Fig 19 Top view of part 9 (piston arm)
Fig 20 This is an image of part 10, the piston axle (part 10)
Fig 21 The end view drawing of the piston axle (part 10)
Fig 22 Side view drawing of the piston axle (part 10)
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Fig 23 A photo like image of the coil cap (part 11)
Fig 24 This is a top view drawing of the coil cap (part 11)
Fig 25 The side view drawing of part 11 the coil cap
Fig 26 This is the top view drawing of the magnet bracket
(part 12)
Fig 27 Magnet bracket (part 12) side view drawing
Fig 28 A photo like image of the magnet bracket (part 12)
Fig 29 This is an isometric image of the crankshaft (part 13)
Fig 30 This image shows the offset sections of the Crankshaft
(part 13).
Fig 31 This is an end view drawing of the crankshaft (part 13)
Fig 32 This is a top view drawing of part 13, the crankshaft
Fig 33 Side view drawing of the gasket (part 15)
Fig 34 Isometric drawing of the gasket (part 15)
Fig 35 The top view of the gasket (part 15)
Fig 36 This image is of a socket head cap screw (part 14). This is
a blank screw. The thread callouts will be determined for
each application. This is the type of screw used
throughout the design.
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Fig 37 A front view of the standard socket head cap screw. (part
14)
Fig 38 The end view drawing of the socket head cap screw (part
14)
Fig 39 Isometric drawing of the motor block. This is the V8 motor
I used as an example through my design.
Fig 40 This is a front view drawing of the V8 motor.
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General Description
The electromagnetic piston driving motor I invented, has a drive
system that will utilize the proven design of an internal combustion
type piston engine, but adds a clean, zero emissions,
electromagnetic drive mechanism to the motor. My invention will
use the basics of an internal combustion engine.
The intake and exhaust manifolds are removed from the engine.
That leaves nothing but block, pistons, linkage and crankshaft. The
block is remanufactured to be a non magnetic replica. The pistons
are made to be permanently magnetic. Coil activated
electromagnets are affixed concentrically over the open ports of the
cylinders. The coils are activated and the magnets emit a powerful
magnetic force on the piston.
Since the face of the piston is permanently charged with the same
polarity as the electromagnet, the two poles repel each other. This
drives the moveable piston down away from the fixed magnet. My
invention uses the force of electromagnetic energy to drive the
pistons of an engine. My invention is one part retro-fit replacement
manifold (part6) that provides a drive mechanism for the pistons
(parts 2and 3) and one part non magnetic block with specially made
magnetic pistons. This manifold (part 6) is designed to house an
equal number of electromagnets (part 1) as there are pistons /
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cylinders in the motor block (part 8). Mounting my retro fit manifold
to the motor's non magnetic block (part 8), will position and affix
these electromagnets (part 1) concentrically above the permanent
magnet pistons (parts 2 & 3) as they are configured in the cylinders.
My motor consists of both a manifold (part6) designed specifically
for every piston engine individually and a non magnetic block with
special pistons. The manifold (part 6) holds electromagnets (part 1)
in place concentrically, over the piston's (parts 2 & 3) cylinders. It is
designed to hold the electromagnets (part 1) in place at a minimal
gap from the pistons (parts 2 & 3) when they reach their upper most
travel (position A). My machine uses a 12 volt current to energize,
then de-energize the coils of copper wire wrapped around iron or
ceramic to form electromagnets (part 1). It does this energizing in
an intermittent manner that will cause the electromagnetic force
to be applied to the permanently magnetic pistons (parts 2 & 3)
sequentially, as they reach the point of minimal distance from the
electromagnet (part 1)(position A). The like polarities of the
permanently charged pistons (parts 2 & 3) and the electromagnets
(part 1), forcefully repel each other, and this drives the moveable
piston away, down into the cylinder of the motor block (part 8)
(position B) The electromagnets (part 1) then de-energize, to
eliminate the magnetic field, and allow the piston (parts 2 & 3) to
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return to its point of upper most travel (position A). Then the
electromagnet's coil (part 4 or 5) is re-energized when the
piston returns to its uppermost travel (position A), and the process
is repeated.
This replicates the continuous sparking sequence of a combustion
engine. My manifold bolts directly to the engine block (part 8), in
place of the engines' intake and exhaust manifolds. My manifold
(part 6), that houses the electromagnets (part 1) can be
manufactured to be mounted on to any or all engines blocks that
use combustion as the driving force of the piston.
My invention replaces the intake and exhaust manifolds from a
combustion engine. They will not be needed. The retro head (part 6)
manifold has air vents manufactured into them. They allow air to
enter the cylinder behind the descending piston (part 2 or 3). This is
so that no vacuum can be created and negatively affect the
performance of the motor. They also allow air to be expelled from
above the pistons (parts 2 & 3) as they rise up to position A. The air
that is expelled is clean and free of pollutants. My manifold (part 6)
is designed to affix electromagnets (part 1) concentrically above
each of the cylinders/pistons (parts 2 & 3) of the motor block (part
8). The engines' pistons (parts 2 &3) are manufactured to be
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permanently magnetized. The coil will generate the same polarity
as the electromagnets (part 1) when they are energized. The two
similar magnetic fields will repel each other. The magnetized
pistons (part 2 & 3) will be repelled by the electromagnetic force
generated by the fixed coil (parts 4 & 5) magnet (part 1). This will
result in the pistons (parts 2 & 3) being driven away from the fixed
electromagnet (part 1).
The moveable piston will be repelled down into the cylinder. The
pistons are linked to the crankshaft (part 13) with the piston arms
(part 9). The resultant lineal displacement of the piston (parts 2 & 3)
facilitates the turning of the crankshaft (part 13). The invention
consists of 8 newly designed parts. They are assembled into a retro
fit manifold (part 6) and mounted to my non magnetic block, in
order to drive my special pistons. This manifold (part 6) can be
designed in any shape or size depending on the motor block (part
8) dimensions to which it will be mounted. This patent application
mentions parts that are standard to a piston engine. Since my
inve.ntion is designed to provide drive to an existing piston engine,
the affected engine parts are also included in the description. In the
following text, I describe the features and functions of the 15 related
parts individually, according to their part numbers. A corresponding
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drawing of each part can be found in the drawings portion of this
application.
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Magnet
Part 1
The magnet is a key component of my electromagnetic motor. The
magnet is made from wrapping copper wire around a rod made
ceramic grade 8, or iron 10/10 or another suitable grade of
ferromagnetic material. These materials facilitate a strong magnetic
field production, without any lingering energy when its de-
energized. One end of the rod will have a circumference
approximately equal to that of the piston (part 2) that is in the
cylinder below. This allows for the strongest field. It will be
assembled into the magnet bracket (part 12) so it slides in
concentric to the cup feature of the magnet bracket (part 12) and
comes to rest in the bottom of the bracket atop the gasket (part 15).
The face of the rod is exposed through the bottom opening of the
magnet bracket. This allows the electromagnet to discharge
unobstructed force to the piston below.
The top side of the magnet or the coil end, is designed to have a
thinner section turned down on the rod (fig 10). This smaller
diameter shaft is designed to accommodate the coil of copper wire
(part 4). The copper wire that makes up the coil (part 4) will be
wound many times around this thinner diameter of the rod/magnet.
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The end of the smaller diameter is capped with a disc that is placed
concentrically in such a way as to provide protection for the coil
(part 4). This top protective disc will also provide the framework for
the coil-end terminals. The coil-end terminals will eventually be
connected to a power source.
When the coil (part 4) is energized it will turn the ceramic or iron
rod, into an electromagnet and emit a force of electromagnetic
energy onto the top surface of the piston (part 2) and facilitate the
linear motion needed to turn the crankshaft (part 13). This
specifically designed iron or ceramic rod, is what I will use to
generate the electromagnetic force.
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Piston 1
Part 2
The pistons (parts 2 & 3) are key parts of the function of the
machine I invented. In the following pages I will describe to you,
two different styles of pistons that I will be claiming as my
intellectual property. This description refers to piston 1 only.
The dimensions are for reference only and are not limiting factors in
my design. The piston is typical to that of any piston type
combustion engine. It is circular and has a flat face and has a
hollowed out body below. It is designed to travel linearly through
the cylinder of the engine block. There is a close tolerance between
the cylinder and the pistons' sides. The top face of the piston (part
2) or the entire piston (part 2) must be made of a highly
ferromagnetic material. Alnico is the preferred choice but another
highly ferromagnetic material can be used instead. This does not
limit the material selection of the piston (part 2).
I am stating that it must be susceptible to the force of
electromagnetic energy. The piston, or even just its face, should be
permanently magnetized, and made from a ferromagnetic metal
that will hold the polarity indefinitely. Alnico is my preferred choice
of materials. The piston body (part 2) below the top face, has two
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holes in it with a gap in between. These holes are concentric to
each other and mate with the piston axle (part 10) as it bridges the
gap in the piston body (part 2). This will provide a means of
attaching the piston arm. The piston (part 2) with the piston axle
(part 10) pressed into it, can then be attached to a piston arm (part
9) that will link the piston (part 2) and piston axle (part 10)
assembled, to the crankshaft (part 13). This allows the repeated
linear motion of the piston (part 2) through the cylinders in the block
(part 8) to be converted to rotary motion, using the piston arm (part
9) as the link between the piston (part 2) and the crankshaft (part
13).
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Piston type 2
Part 3
This text describes piston 2 (part 3). Its design is unique for this
application of electromagnetic science. This second type of piston
is a solenoid rod style. This piston is designed with a solid rod
protruding from the exact center of its face, 90 degrees to its
surface Figure 4. This piston (part 3) is for use with coil 2 (part 5)
exclusively. These two go together. The outside diameter of the
stem fits inside the inner diameter of the ring shaped coil 2 (part
5)(Figure 2). During its designed use the piston (part 3) rises to its
uppermost travel (Position A) and the stem enters the inner
diameter of the coil (part 5).
At that instant of insertion the coil (part 5) is energized and the
electromagnetic field generated by the coil (part 5) forcefully ejects
the rod/piston (part 3) out of the magnetic field.
The piston (part 3) has only one option for displacement, and that is
down, away from the electromagnetic field, into the cylinder inside
the motor's block (part8) (position B). Since the piston (part 3) is
linked with the crankshaft (part 13) this facilitates the rotation of the
crankshaft (part 13) and the designed function motor. The piston
should be permanently magnetized to double the effect the coils
field will have on the piston.
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Coil 1
Part 4
The coil is another main part of my design. There are two types of
coils. This section describes type 1. The coil (part 4) is simply this.
Very thin, 0.25mm diameter (approximately), solid copper wire
wound many times around the small diameter of the magnet
(part1). The copper wire will be insulated with a non conductive
element such as lacquer or latex. This will stop the copper wire
from shorting itself out and provide protection to the individual
strands of wire. The light gauge copper wire facilitates fast
energizing and low resistance so many turns can be applied
increasing the strength of the electromagnetic force without causing
a marked increase of required amperage to energize the coils (part
4). The coils' (part 4) loose ends are then soldered to terminals
designed to couple to sparkplug wires or another pulse regulated,
sequentially timed, power source. Each time an electrical current is
applied to the coils (part 4) it turns the iron or ceramic to which it is
wrapped around, into a powerful electromagnet.
23
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02-05
COIl 2
Part 5
The second coil (part 5) I am going to describe is for the solenoid rod
style application of my invention. This style of coil (part 5) is for use
with piston 2 (part 3) exclusively. This coil (part 5) is also made with
very thin solid copper wire. The wire is coated with a lacquer or
latex, or another insulation plastic or rubber. This coil is pre-formed
to be circular. The insulation will help hold its donut shape. Its size
will vary to fit the constraints of each individual design. The loose
ends of the coil (part 5) are connected to terminals, that will link the
coil (part 5) to an electrical supply. The center of the ring is where
the magnetic field is generated when energized by electric current.
The center of the ring (interior diameter) is sized specifically to
accommodate the rod on the face of piston 2 (part 3), with a
minimum gap. At the top of the stroke of the piston (part 3) the rod
on the face of the piston (part 3) enters the center of the coil's (part
5) inner diameter.
At that instant the coil (part 5) is energized with electric current. It
creates a powerful electromagnetic force on the stem inside its ring,
and strongly repels the rod of the piston 2, out of the field. This
displaces the piston (part 5) in the only direction it can go, down
into the cylinder facilitating the intended use of the motor.
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Retro Head
Part 6
The retro head is just my own name for the drive mechanism of my
invention. The design of this head/manifold (part 6) can be modified
in such a way as to mimic the approximate dimensions of any
combustion engines' intake and exhaust manifold. It can be
retrofitted to any and all piston engines. It can be mounted on any
piston type combustion engine and convert it to an electromagnetic
motor. My electromagnetic drive system will completely replace the
combustion manifold of any piston engine. My manifold (part 6) is
specifically designed to house the magnet (part 1), the magnet
bracket (part 10), the gasket (part 15) the coils (parts 4 & 5) and
the coil cap (part 11).
These parts together will be referred to as the electromagnet
assembly. The retro head (part 6) mounts flush to the motors' block
(part 8) separated by a thin gasket. The manifold (part 6) is the
housing for the magnet/coil assembly, and is securely fastened to
the engine block (part 8).
For the purpose of this application for patent, the V8 type motor is
used as an example. The manifold (part 6) is mounted so the eight
housed electromagnet assemblies line up directly concentric to the
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cylinders of the motor block (part 9) below. This will allow the face
of the magnet (part 1) to be securely mounted at a minimal distance
from the top stroke of the pistons (parts 2 & 3). The retro head
(part 6) will be made exclusively from a non magnetic metal or
plastic.
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Head Cover
Part 7
The head cover is specially designed to hold both the magnet
assembly and the magnet bracket (part 12) into the retrofit head
(part 6). It also provides protection for the coils. The bottom side of
the cover (part 7) has hollow bosses protruding out from the bottom
side. These bosses fit into the pockets of the retrofit head (part 6)
and surround the electromagnet assemblies. They are just long
enough to firmly hold one edge of the magnet (part 1) and one
edge of the magnet bracket (part 12) down in place. The concentric
boss is 50% on the magnet (part 1) and 50% on the bracket (part
12). This is designed to counteract the natural tendency of the
magnet assembly to move when the coils (parts 4 & 5) are
energized, and the electromagnetic force is applied to the top, or
rod, of the pistons (parts 2 & 3). The head cover (part 7) will
prevent the magnet (part 1) or the coils (parts 4 & 5) from moving.
This will allow only the desired linear travel of the moveable
pistons (parts 2 & 3) and not allow any movement from the
magnet (part 1). The head cover (part 7) is bolted securely to
the retro fit head (part 6) with screws (part 16). Ports are open
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in the top of the head cover to expose the terminals for the
connection of power cables to the coils (parts 4 & 5).
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Motor Block
Part 8
The engine block is an example of any type V8. I used this example
because of its ease of recognition. It is a common looking motor
and perfect for my demonstration purposes. The engine block
should be made of a non ferromagnetic metal (aluminum) or plastic
(nylon 6). The motor block has 8 cylinders milled through its core to
accommodate the pistons.
The pistons are made to travel linearly through the cylinders of the
motor. This will generate heat. The motor will require an oil system
for lubrication of the moving parts and glycol/water cooling circuits
as well. An alternator system, water and oil pumps, will still need
pulleys and belts to drive them. The drawings are specific to my
invention and unrelated motor functions are absent to allow focus
on the novel parts. The design of the motor block will vary
according to the end use. It will have cylinders for pistons.
The new block is made of non magnetic metal or plastic to prevent
electromagnet energy from being stored in it. This may negatively
affect the performance of the motor.
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_ . ~ _ _
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Piston Arm
Part 9
My electromagnetic motor converts the linear motion of the pistons
into rotary motion of the crankshaft. The piston arm is the link. The
piston arm is a part of all piston motors that convert linear motion to
rotary motion and is not unique to my design. The piston arm (part
9) has a bushing pressed into a hole in each end of the arm. A
smaller diameter at one end, and a larger diameter at the opposite
end. The smaller diameter bushing connects directly to the piston
axle (part 10) and is secured by locking screws. The other end has
a larger diameter bushing and is connected to the crank shaft (part
13) with locking screws. This arm is what transfers the linear motion
of the pistons (parts 2 & 3) to the offset sections of the crankshaft
(part 13). This facilitates the conversion of linear motion into rotary
motion. This function is typical of all automobile type V8 engines. It
is used as an example.
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Piston Axle
Part 10
The piston axle (part 10) press fits into the holes in the sides of the
piston body (parts 2 & 3). The piston axle (part 10) is typical of all
piston driven motors and serves as a clamping rod between the
pistons (parts 2 & 3) and the bushings inside the piston arms (part
9). The piston axle (part 10) is not an original design, but is used in
my application as an incidental part that is part of the assembly of
my invention.
~ 31
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. . . . . _. .. . .
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Coil Cap
Part 11
The coil cap is a molded plastic shield designed to protect the coils
(part 4) from dirt and damage. The coil cap should be made of
acrylic or polycarbonate. It must be strong and not susceptible to
increased levels of heat. It is designed to allow the loose ends of
the coil (part 4) to pass through its body and soldier to the
terminals. The part should be transparent enough to allow visual
examination of the coil it is protecting. The coil cap is a secondary
part of the motor. The motor can function without it.
32
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, . . ..__ . . . ... . _. _. .. . . . . . . . . .. . .
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Magnet Bracket
Part 12
The magnet bracket is a cup like housing for the magnet (part 1).
Its flanged surface is square and notched to be fitted into an
appropriate depression in the retro head (part 6). The square
features of the flange will provide adequate housing for the
cup/boss feature on the opposite side and also prevent the bracket
from spinning or moving in any direction. The cup like feature of the
magnet bracket houses the end of the magnet (part 1) and the
gasket (part 15). The coils (parts 4 & 5), the coil cap (part 11), are
above the cup depression. The back edge of the magnet should
end up flush to the top edge of the magnet bracket. When the head
cover is fastened, the bosses on its bottom side will contact those
two flush edges and hold them so there can be no movement. The
bottom of the cup is cut to allow most of the magnet face to be
exposed.
This will permit unobstructed access to the cylinder below it.
The magnet bracket will be made from a non magnetic metal or
plastic.
33
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_ _
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Crankshaft
Part 13
The crankshaft is the typical device used that converts linear
motion into rotary motion. It does so by offsetting sections of the
main shaft creating this "second diameter" concentrically around
the same axis, giving the main axis diameter a group of evenly
spaced push handles to revolve it. These offset sections are
secured to the bushings in the piston arms (part 9) with locking
screws (part 14). The other end of the arm is linked to the piston
(part 2 or 3). The pistons (part 2 or 3) supply the linear motion. The
arms (part 9) transfer that motion to the "push handles" spaced
along the crankshaft (part 13), by mechanical design the shaft will
rotate when the linear motion is supplied by the piston (parts 2 or
3). The rotation is the direct mechanical result of the linear
movement of the pistons (parts 2 or 3). This is the purpose of my
electromagnetic motor, to create the linear motion of the pistons,
(parts 2 & 3) that is needed to turn the crankshaft.
34
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Socket Head Cap Screw
Part 14
The socket head cap screw is the type of screw I have used in my
design. The thread pitch, diameter and length will vary. They are
used to secure the manifold (part 6) I invented to the engine block
(part 8). A different length socket head cap screw will be used to
fasten the head cover (part 7) to the retro head (part 6). They will
also be used to lock the piston arms (part 3) to the piston axle (part
2) at one end. They will be used to lock the other end of the piston
arm (part 9) to the crankshaft (part 13).
. , _ _ _
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.. . . . .
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Gasket
Part 15
The gasket is a buffer between the magnet face and the bottom of
the magnet bracket. The gasket is made of EVA (Ethyl Vinyl
Acetate). This is a durable rubber plastic polymer that will be fitted
into the sleeve of the cup feature of the magnet bracket (part 12). It
will lay flush, flat on the bottom of the bracket. This thin gasket
provides cushion for the magnet (part 1) and allows for thermo
expansion of the magnet. This allows the firm fitting of the magnet
against the bottom face of the magnet bracket (part 12) and not
break or chip any fragile edge of the magnet (part 1).
36
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Novelty
The electromagnetic piston driven motor, is a unique motor that
uses copper coil activated electromagnets to force the movement of
the magnetized, specially designed pistons, inside the non
magnetic engine block, turning the crankshaft.
My new motor mounts a manifold of electromagnets to a non
magnetic engine block. This affixes the electromagnets
concentrically over the open cylinder ports. This new electromagnet
filled manifold is a substitution for a combustion engines' intake and
exhaust manifold. The motor I invented will be manufactured to be
a replacement for the combustion motor. The block will be
remanufactured to be non magnetic, and the pistons will be
manufactured to be permanently magnetic. The "retro head" will be
a manifold of coil activated electromagnets affixed concentrically
above the open cylinder ports . This is a replacement for, or retrofit,
of an internal combustion engine, converting it to a clean running
electromagnetic motor. This new motor couples the established
reliability of the engines design with my novel method of driving the
pistons. The novelty is this specific application of coil generated
electromagnetic force to drive the pistons, instead of a spark
igniting an air and gas mixture.
37
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
The force is applied to the top of the piston in one case, (method 1)
and to the rod of the specially designed piston in another case,
(method 2). The rod method (method 2) uses the same application
of electromagnetic energy, it just uses less parts. This alternative
method (2) is the same application of my novel drive method, just a
solenoid style configuration. I'm not re-inventing the engine, the
novelty is making it run with electromagnetic energy, not gasoline.
This is the novelty of my invention. No other person or corporation
has ever made a similar motor.
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
History
The electromagnetic motor was invented in Windsor Ontario,
Canada, by Michael Robert Axford. The idea came to me while
doing renovations on my home in July of 2007. The renovations
coincided with the opening of my own business, GLOBAL
DESIGNS. I had to improve the appearance of my home office,
since clients were likely to visit for business. Part of my business
plan was to use the software program solidworks, and the flow/part
analysis software called moldflow. Moldflows part advisor allows
you to virtually perform any experiment on any part and receive
data on its performance. This is particularly advantageous for me
since my main business I hoped would be designing plastic parts
and injection molds.
I set up my business on Sept. 27 2007, and since I had no jobs to
do, I set out to design something for myself and the world. Using
the idea I had in July, I designed the electromagnetic motor on my
solidworks program. I designed several experiments to test the
function of the motor. The experiment I used first to test the
function, was to simulate the force applied on the piston.
I calculated the force using the following formula:
B x gap = Mu x N x I. This calculation yielded the force in kN, and I
39
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.._..:.~..._:.v...:.,..._ ,. .<.v_ . .... . . . . ..~~..._.,_. ,.... . . . ..
_. _.. .
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
applied it to the top of the piston. It slammed the piston down into
the cylinder. I found that increasing the value of N in the equation,
increased the force generated. I used 250 wounds of 0.25mm solid
copper thread around a 25mm shaft as my test example. The force
was great enough to easily turn the motor. It worked. I had invented
a way of driving the pistons of a piston type engine with
electromagnetic force, not gasoline. It could convert all combustion
engines into zero emissions electromagnetic motors. I then
designed piston 2 (part 3) and coil 2 (part 5) as another alternative
way to apply my piston driving method. I felt the patent application
should include both styles.
~~.
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
This electromagnetic motor is a new way of driving a combustion
engine's pistons, using electromagnetic energy. The design was
completed November 14, 2007 in Windsor, Ontario, Canada, by
Michael Robert Axford. It was notarized in Windsor by attorney
Anita Berecz, Dec 7 2007.
My motor affixes powerful electromagnet assemblies concentrically
over the pistons (parts 2 & 3) in their cylinders. The electromagnet
assemblies draw current from a 12 V deep cycle battery. The
electromagnet assemblies are energized then de-energized
intermittently with the 12 V current to cause the permanent magnet
pistons (parts 2 & 3) below them to be repelled. The permanently
magnetized pistons have the same polarity as the electromagnets
so they repel each other. The current is stopped and the coils
(parts 4 & 5) de-energize, so the field can diminish and allow the
pistons (parts 2 & 3) to rise again, through their designed range of
travel. The pistons (parts 2 & 3) are then driven back down the
cylinders in the motor block (part 8) using a re-application of this
same science. This repeated driving of the pistons (parts 2 & 3),
mechanically facilitates the turning of the crankshaft (part 13). This
is what the motor is designed for. The design of my invention will
vary in shape so it can be substituted for any and all piston
engines. The science remains the same for each instance. The
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
internal parts are the same, just modified for each different
application. The retro head (part 6) for an automobile motor will
differ from that of a retro head (part 6) for an airplane motor, in
shape and size, but will still apply the same science of
electromagnetic energy, to drive the pistons of both motors. This
application of electromagnetic energy to a piston as the driving
force of the motor, is what I wish to protect as my own intellectual
property. I plan to license all companies to use this technology, and
allow them to design a substitute motor exactly as the one they
intend on replacing with my new electromagnetic motor. After all,
zero emissions is good for all of us.
What I claim as my invention is:
I am claiming ownership of the application of an electromagnetic
energy field affixed concentrically above the cylinder/piston, as the
driving force of said piston, to enable the designed function of the
piston motor, as my intellectual property.
I claim ownership of the specifically designed parts necessary to
make the machine work.
My patented drive system will adapt to all internal combustion
piston engines, to function using this alternative drive method. My
42
CA 02656739 2009-02-05
manifold (retro head) can be adapted to mount on any and all
piston motors. My motor uses two methods of applying this same
science. This science can be applied to any and all piston engines.
It is done so by the use of one or more of my retro heads.
All the dimensions are only as an example for the purpose of this
application. One should not imply or infer limitations to the
dimensions.
I, Michael Robert Axford, am the inventor of this motor that creates
an electromagnetic energy field to drive all piston motors.
Electromagnetic force, as the power behind driving a piston engine,
is my intellectual property. I alone am the inventor of the
electromagnetic motor. I seek patent protection for any motor that
applies the specific science of electromagnetic energy as the
driving force of any piston engine.
43
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CA 02656739 2009-02-05
Summary
The piston electromagnetic motor uses the mechanical advantage of
the internal combustion motors design and applies an
electromagnetic driving system. The novelty of my motor is that
instead of igniting a mixture of fuel/air above the piston, I use an
electromagnetic force of equal intensity activated by coils, above the
pistons to drive their movement. The pistons are manufactured with
a permanent magnetic disk fixed on the piston's face. My new driving
mechanism is bolted to the block.
The new driving mechanism houses the electromagnetic assemblies.
There is an assembly for every piston and it is situated directly on
the piston concentrically with the cylinder hole. The current in the
coils creates a discharge of powerful electromagnetic energy.
The polarity of the piston's face and the electromagnet must be the
same.
The two forces are opposite and the fixed electromagnet will repel
the movable piston driving it inside its cylinder. The electromagnetic
energy becomes the driving force of the motor pistons.
53
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