Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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A process to prepare a powder from marine by-products and an
apparatus for performing said process.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new process for the production of a powder
from
marine material, such as shrimp, and to an installation suitable for carrying
out said
process. The present invention also relates to said powder, such as shrimp
powder, and
to various uses of this powder.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Norwegian shrimp are caught along the whole of the Norwegian coast from the
Oslo
Fjord in the south to the Barents Sea in the north. They are also caught close
to Jan
Mayen, around Spitsbergen and right up to the drift ice at 80 degrees north.
The shrimp
are caught with trawls by a modern and efficient fishing fleet, before
delivery of the
fresh shrimp to receiving facilities on the mainland.
The shrimp are further processed to obtain peeled shrimp, the peeling process
today for
the most part being done by machines. The by-products of this process are
large
amounts of shrimp shell and process water which have previously been
respectively
dumped and separated into the sea. In addition to the by-products representing
large
amounts of non-used resources, such as nutrients, flavouring agents, colouring
agents
and the like, they are also a burden on the enviroiunent. Consequently, there
is a great
need for a process capable of recovering the resources that are contained in
said by-
products.
It is known to use flotation technology to treat sewage, and it also known to
use the
same technology to make use of the substances from process water that are
otherwise
flushed out during the shrimp peeling process. Whilst the use of flotation
technology in
treating sewage results in sewage sludge as waste product, the use of the same
technology in the treatment of process water from shrimp peeling results in a
sludge
product that contains a number of attractive compounds. However, said sludge
product
has poor storage life and is thus of little usefulness without fitrther
processing. To
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obtain a product with good storage life, said sludge may be dried. However,
the drying
of this product has been found to be very difficult.
The present inventors have therefore further developed the aforementioned
process
applied to process water from shrimp peeling by mixing the sludge product with
slZrimp
shell which may advantageously be pretreated to remove as much water as
possible.
This mixture was then subjected to a drying process that is both rapid and
gentle.
Surprisingly, a dried powder was obtained, unlike what is the case w11en the
sludge
product is subjected to said drying process in the absence of said shrimp
shell. Said
io dried powder is a useful powder with good storage life.
US4282256 relates to a method for the preparation of a powder from marine
material
that can be used as an additive in animal feed. Said powder is prepared from
process
water derived from the processing of fish. After a series of process steps
according to
is said method, a "sludge product" is formed. This "sludge product" is then
dewatered
using a centrifuge before it is blended with an absorptive edible carrier. It
is mentioned
that the carrier may be a nutritive fibrous absorptive solid such as finely
ground alfalfa,
ground corn cobs, potato peel, cereal products and nuts. The carrier is added
to reduce
the amount of moisture that is taken up in the end product, as the end product
is highly
2o hygroscopic.
Unlike the subject matter described in US4282256, the "sludge product"
according to
the present invention does not have an anti-hygroscopic agent added thereto,
but has
shell derived from marine material added to it. Said shell does not have
absorptive
25 properties, as described for the carrier referred to in US4282256, but is
added to the
"sludge product" to facilitate drying so that an end product is obtained that
has a water
content lower than 15 wt %, preferably lower than 10 wt %.
JP01208385 relates to a method for producing particulate fertilizer from
marine waste.
30 In this process, the process water is subjected to flotation, after which
the sludge
product from this process is blended with (adsorbed on) powdered bone material
and
fowl droppings. This product is then subjected to a blending/grinding process
to obtain
a granulate, after which this granulate is heated to a temperature of 60-80 C
and
subsequently fermented for a period of about 5-10 days. The fermented product
is then
35 dried to obtain a particulate fertilizer having a water content of < 30 wt
%.
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Unlike the present invention, the process according to JP01208385 is a process
for the
production of a particulate fertilizer. Furthermore, fowl droppings are
included as an
essential element in the process described in JP01208385, which is not the
case in the
process according to the present invention. In addition, JP01208385 describes
the use
of a powdered bone material, whereas the process according to the present
invention
employs shell from marine material. As bone material (high amounts of calcium
phosphate) has a chemical composition that is significantly different from
shell material
(high amounts of calcium carbonates), said two terms must be regarded as
describing
different chemical compositions. Furthermore, the mixture in JP01208385 is
fermented
io for 5-10 days prior to drying, which is not the case for the mixture
according to the
present invention. The process described in JP01208385 results in an end
product
where the water content is reduced to < 30 wt %, whereas the process according
to the
present invention results in an end product where the water content is reduced
to less
than 15 wt %, preferably less than 10 wt %.
Consequently, the present invention provides a unique process which for the
first time
makes it possible to make use of the whole of the raw product, i.e., the
peeled shriinp
that is put in brine, shell from the shrimp and dissolved substances in the
process water,
which altogether in fact constitute more than 50% of the weight of the shrimp.
The end
product is a powder which will be an attractive ingredient in a number of
products.
Moreover, the ingredients market is in a period of strong growth, and marine
ingredients
in particular are in great demand, especially marine ingredients that are
produced
naturally, as is the case in the present invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a new process for the production of a powder
from
marine material such as shrimp, and an apparatus for performing said process.
The
present invention also relates to said powder, such as shrimp powder and to
various uses
of this powder.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Figure 1. Apparatus suitable for performing the process according to the
invention.
1) Sieve for separating shell from process water
2) Surge tank with pumping station
3) Supply of dispersed water and optionally a polymer, where the polymer may
be
chitosan.
4) "Musling" (see Figure 2)
5) Sludge pocket
io 6) Sludge store
7) A device may advantageously be installed for pressing more water out of the
sludge
8) Mixing chamber suitable for mixing product A and product B
9) Transport screw
10) Transport screw
11) Screw press, where water can be pressed out of the shell
12) Discharge box
13) Water from discharge box is passed to the dispersion unit (see Figure 3)
and to the
make-up water pumps for polymer, if polymer is used.
14) Infeed screw to the combined drying and grinding unit.
15) Turbo rotor for simultaneous drying and grinding.
16) Heat generator
17) High-performance filter
18) Dispersion unit (see Figure 3)
19) Packing device
20) Flocculation device that meters the polyiner mentioned under point 3.
Figure 2. The "MUSLING" flotation unit suitable for chemical separation
Zone 1 (Inlet zone)
The process water is led by its own fall to a puinping station where the
process water is
pumped into the bottom of the "Musling", where dispersed water and optionally
a
polymer, as for example chitosan, are added just before the inlet.
Zone 2 (Distribution zone)
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Process water, dispersion water and optionally a polymer (for example,
chitosan), are
mixed together well immediately after the inlet. Here, the air bubbles will
rise rapidly to
the surface and carry with them the finished flakes. This is a relatively calm
zone with
low water velocity. Any heavy particles will settle.
5 Zone 3 (Aggregation)
Any heavy particles will settle.
Zone 4 (Acceleration zone)
The waste water is passed upwards where the surface is reduced between an
outer wall
and an inner cone. The velocity of the water and particles is increased
substantially.
io Zone 5 (Separation zone)
The water stream enters the separation zone at the point where the surface
area is
maximised, and the velocity is rapidly reduced. Particles etc. are given a
vertical
velocity towards the surface and will separate from the liquid phase. Flotated
sludge is
scraped off the surface and into a sludge pocket. The treated water turns
gently 180
down into the inner cone.
Zone 6 (The outlet zone)
The water is passed from the inner cone out into the discharge box. Here the
treated
water can be checked visually. From the discharge box, water is taken to the
dispersion
plant and to the make-up water pumps for polymer, if polymer is used. Treated
water is
then led by its own fall to a recipient.
Figure 3. Dispersion unit suitable for use in the present invention
The dispersion unit uses treated waste water to produce dispersed water.
Dispersed
water is added to the process water at the inlet to the "Musling". Dispersed
water is air-
saturated water formed by atomising the water over an air bed inside a
pressure tank.
Atomisation of water is effected by pumping the water through a nozzle at the
top of the
tanlc. At the point where the dispersed water is added to the process water,
quantities of
microscopic air bubbles are released which become the driving force in the
subsequent
separation step.
Figure 4. Combined drying and grinding plant, suitable for use in the present
invention
1) Heat generator
2) Infeed screw
3) Turbo rotor
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4) High-performance filter
5) Valve
6) Higli-performance blower
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect of the present invention, a process is provided for the
production of a
powder from marine material, characterised in that the process comprises the
following
steps:
io a) Mixing product A with product B, where product A comprises shell from
marine
material, and product B comprises substances recovered from process water
derived
from the processing of the marine material;
b) The mixture of products A and B is dried and optionally ground to obtain a
powder.
Said drying process can be carried out on said mixture before the mixture is
optionally ground, or the mixture may first be ground and then dried, but most
preferably the mixture is dried and ground simultaneously. Consequently, the
mixture of A and B, for example, could be dried and ground in process steps 14-
17,
as shown in Figure 1.
2o The product obtained by the process according to the first aspect of the
invention has
preferably a water content that is lower than 15% (weight), more preferably
lower than
10% (weight), as for example lower than 9% (weight), lower than 7% (weight),
lower
than 5% (weight) or lower than 2% (weight).
Suitable devices for drying the mixture, comprising product A and product B
according
to the present invention, are well described in the literature. Examples of
suitable
devices for drying and grinding can be found in DE19834896, or in DE29515433.
The aforementioned process of mixing products A and B may, for exainple, be
performed in a mixing chamber as shown in Figure 1, point 8. Here, it should
be
understood that also other suitable mixing devices or methods may be used.
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In one embodiment of the present invention, product A is prepared according to
a
process that comprises the following step:
a) Shell from marine material is separated from the process water that comes
from the
processing of the marine material. Said separation may, for example, be
carried out
using a sieve, as shown in Figure 1, point 1. Said sieve may, for example, be
a
mechanical sieve, such as a screw press. Said sieve may optionally be a
filter.
However, it should be understood that also other suitable separation methods
or
devices may be used.
to Advantageously, the aforementioned process for preparing product A further
comprises
a process step where as much water as possible is pressed out of said shell
from marine
material, for example, by using a sieve, such as a mechanical sieve which
advantageously may be a screw press as shown in Figure 1, point 11. Here, it
should be
understood that also other suitable devices or methods for removing water can
be used.
Consequently, product A is, for example, prepared by process steps 1, 9, 10
and 11, as
shown in Figure 1.
One example of the nutritional composition of product A from shrimp in dried
and
ground form is shown in Tables la to ld and in Table 2. Product A from shrimp
is
however not limited to this composition, as it may vary depending on the
composition
of the raw material. Variation in the composition of the raw material can be
seen
clearly by comparing Table 1' and Table 2.
In another embodiment of the present invention, product B is prepared
according to a
process that comprises the following step:
a) Separating sludge product from process water that comes from the processing
of the
marine material. For removal of as much shell as possible from the process
water,
before sludge product is separated therefrom, said process water can
advantageously
be treated using a sieve, or other suitable device or method, for example, a
filter.
Said sieve may, for example, be a mechanical sieve. Said separation of sludge
product from process water can advantageously be carried out using flotation
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technology. A possible separation using flotation technology can be carried
out
using the "Musling", as shown in Figure 1, point 4, and shown in more detail
in
Figure 2. Flotation is a process that is well described in the literature,
see, for
example, US4492635. The use of flotation technology in combination with a
dispersion unit and optional flocculator is described in some detail in
Swedish
Patent No. SE0500649. When using a flocculator, the polymer can advantageously
be chitosan.
Advantageously, as much water as possible can be removed from said sludge
product,
io for example, by using a sieve or filter, where said sieve may be a
mechanical sieve.
Consequently, product B can, for example, be prepared by process steps 1-7 as
shown in
Figure 1.
is In a fi.uther embodiment, said processing of the marine material is the
production of
peeled or cleaned marine material. Preferably, said marine material is shrimp
or other
shellfish, as for example crab or shells, where shrimp is most preferable.
Said shrimp
may, for example, be Pandalus borealis or Pandalus jordani. Consequently, the
processing of the marine material may be the peeling of shrimp, where said
shrimp may
2o be Pandalus borealis or Pandalusjordani. Optionally, the processing of the
marine
material may be the cleaning of other shellfish such as crab or shells, where
the shells
may, for example, be mussels.
In one embodiment of the present invention, product A thus comprises shrimp
shell,
25 which, for example, may be shell from Pandalus borealis or Pandalus
jordani, and
product B comprises substances recovered from process water derived from the
production of peeled shrimp, where said shrimp may be, for example, Pandalus
borealis
or Pandalus jordani.
30 In another embodiment of the present invention, product A further comprises
shell from
other shellfish than shrimp, as, for example, shells such as mussels, or crab,
and product
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B comprises substances recovered from process water derived from the
production of
cleaned shellfish other than shrimp, as, for example, shells such as mussels,
or crab.
The process according to the present invention can advantageously be connected
directly to the process of processing the marine material, thereby ensuring
that product
A and product B are as fresh as possible. In that case, the powder according
to the
present invention will be produced continuously, without temporary storage of
raw
materials. Such a powder will have superior quality compared with powder
produced
from raw products that have been stored over time.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a powder
characterised in
that it is obtained by the process of the present invention. The process of
the present
invention gives a powder of high protein content, wllerein the content of the
powder is
derived only from:
= process water that comes from the processing of the marine material; and
= shell that comes from said marine material.
Preferably, said powder can be obtained by the process according to the
present
invention, wherein product A and product B are mixed in a mixing ratio as, for
2o example, shown in Table 4. Even more preferably, the mixed product is
SSP10, SSP20,
SP30, SP40, SP50, SP60, SP70, SP80 or SP90, as shown in Table 4. More
preferably,
the mixed product is SP40, SP50, SP60 or SP70, as shown in Table 4. Even more
preferably, the mixed product is SP50 or SP60, as shown in Table 4. Most
preferably,
the mixed product is SP50, as shown in Table 4.
As the composition of the raw material may vary, the content of product A and
product
B will vary correspondingly. By mixing different amounts of product A and
product B,
the process according to the present invention malces it possible to provide
an end
product with a desired composition independent of the coinposition of the raw
material.
A third aspect of the present invention relates to the use of the powder
according to the
present invention in foods, animal feed, food supplements, cosmetics or
pharmaceutical
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products. It is also obvious that said powder can also be used as a taste
additive, as a
natural colouring agent etc. Said powder also contains antioxidants which
further give
the product a number of potential uses.
5 Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to an installation that
is characterised
in that it is suitable for the performance of the process according to the
present
invention. Advantageously, the installation contains the following components:
= A device suitable for the separation of sludge product from process water,
which,
for example, may involve the use of flotation technology, and which, for
example,
10 may be the "Musling" as shown in Figure 1, point 4, and in Figure 2 with
associated
dispersion unit, as shown in Figure 1, point 18, and optionally with a
flocculator, as,
for example that shown in Figure 1, point 20.
= A device suitable for drying and grinding the mixture comprising product A
and
product B, which, for example, may be the drying device shown in Figure 1,
points
is 14-17
Advantageously, the installation further comprises a device for separating
shell from
process water, such as a sieve or a filter, where said sieve may be a
mechanical sieve
such as a screw press.
Preferably, the installation may further contain a device suitable for inixing
product A
and product B, which, for example, may be a mixing chamber as shown in Figure
1,
point 8.
Preferably, the installation may further contain a device for pressing water
out of
product A, which, for example, may be a sieve or a filter, where said sieve
may be a
mechanical sieve, as for instance a screw press, as shown in Figure 1, point
11, and
optionally also a device for pressing water out of product B, which, for
example, may
be a sieve or a filter, where said sieve may be a mechanical sieve, such as
that shown in
3o Figure 1, point 7.
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The installation may also contain a device for collecting product B, which,
for example,
may be a collection tanlc, as shown in Figure 1, point 6.
Preferably, the installation comprises the components that are shown in Figure
1.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are intended to illustrate how the present invention
may be made
or used, and are in no way meant to be limiting for the scope of the
invention.
Example 1
Process for preparing Product A
a) By-products from the production of peeled shriinp are led towards a sieve,
as shown
in Figure 1, point 1.
b) Shell that does not pass through the sieve, will be passed on towards two
subsequent
transport screws, as shown in Figure 1, points 9-10, and further transported
to a
screw press, as shown in Figure 1, point 11, where water is pressed out.
Example 2
Process for preparing Product B
a) By-products from the production of peeled shrimp are led towards a sieve,
as shown
in Figure 1, point 1.
b) The material that passes through the sieve is then passed towards a pumping
station,
as shown in Figure 1, point 2.
c) The material is further pumped towards the bottom of the "Musling", as
shown in
Figure 1, point 4, where dispersed water and optionally a polymer, as, for
instance,
chitosan, are added immediately before the inlet, as shown in Figure 1, point
3.
d) Sludge product is formed at the top of the"Musling", and is scraped over
into a
sludge pocket, as shown in Figure 1, point 5.
3o e) The sludge is further passed towards containers for storage of said
sludge, as shown
in Figure 1, point 6.
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Example 3
Process for mixing A and B, and for drying and grinding said mixture.
a) Product A from Example 1 and Product B from Example 2 are passed to a
common
mixing chainber, as shown in Figure 1, point 8.
b) The mixture of A and B is then passed via a transport screw to the infeed
screw, as
shown in Figure 1, point 14, to the combined drying and grinding unit.
c) The mixture is then passed towards a turbo rotor, as shown in Figure 1,
point 15, for
simultaneous drying and grinding. To obtain a drying process, a heat
generator, as
shown in Figure 1, point 16, is comiected to said turbo rotor.
io d) After the mixture has been dried and ground, it is passed towards a
hig11-
performance filter, where particles are separated from the air, as shown in
Figure 1,
point 17.
e) The dried and ground product may then be passed towards a device suitable
for
packing said product, as shown in Figure 1, point 19.
Example 4
Process for determining the composition of product A.
a) Product A from Example 1 is passed via a transport screw to the infeed
screw, as
shown in Figure 1, point 14, to the combined drying and grinding unit.
2o b) The product is further passed towards a turbo rotor, as shown in Figure
1, point 15,
for simultaneous drying and grinding. To obtain a drying process, a heat
generator,
as shown in Figure 1, point 16, is comlected to said turbo rotor unit.
c) After the product has been dried and ground, it is passed towards a high-
performance filter, where particles are separated from the air, as shown in
Figure 1,
point 17.
d) The dried product was analysed for certain ingredients. The results are
shown in
Tables la-ld and in Table 2.
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Table 1:
Shrimp shell is sieveed from the by-products of the production of peeled
shrimp. The
shrimp shell is then passed into a screw press for removal of water, and is
then
subjected to a combined drying and grinding process. The resulting dried and
ground
shrimp shell is then analysed for:
Table 1 a: crude protein, water, ash, fat (soxhlet) and astaxanthin esters
Table lb: colony count
Table lc: P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, S, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Mb, B, Al, Ar and Hg
Table 1d: Amount of each individual amino acid in relation to a given amount
of
protein
The material was received for analysis on 5 March 2003 was analysed in the
period 5
March 2003 to 11 March 2003.
Table la
Results of analysis
Sample No. SSF 2003-00592-01
Client's marlcing 27/2-03
Crude protein comb. method % 43.7
Water % 4.3
Ash % 35.3
Fat (soxhlet) % 0.4
Astaxanthin esters mg/kg 50
Method: %CV: Method reference: Method: %CV: Method reference:
Crude protein comb. method 0.3 ISO/CD 15670 Water 1.0 ISO 6496
Ash 0.8 ISO 5985 -1978 Fat (soxhlet) 1.0 AOCS Ba 3-38
Astaxanthin esters Internal SSF
Table lb
Results of analysis
Sample No. SSF 2003-00592-01
Client's marking 27/2-03
Colony count per gram < 2500
Method: %CV: Method reference: Method: %CV: Method reference:
Colony count NMKL 146
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Table ic:
Sample number 2003-
00991-1
Marking PI= fl
Parameter Method Unit Date
Phosphorus P-ICP-P g/100 DM 190203 3.06
Potassium K-ICP-P /100 DM 190203 0.101
Calcium CA-ICP-P /100 DM 190203 10.5
Magnesium MG-ICP-P /100g DM 190203 0.529
Sodium NA-ICP-P g/100g DM 190203 0.566
Sulphur S-ICP-P /100 DM 190203 0.317
Iron FE-ICP-P mg/kg DM 190203 51.1
Copper CU-ICP-P mg/kg DM 190203 63.4
Manganese MN-ICP-P m/k DM 190203 6.93
Zinc ZN-ICP-P mg/kg DM 190203 40.6
Molybdenum MO-ICP-P mg/kg DM 190203 <1.50
Boron B-ICP-P m/k DM 190203 10.1
Aluminium AL-ICP-P mg/kg DM 190203 39.9
Arsenic AS-ICP-F mg/kg DM 2.7
Mercury HG-CVAAS-F mg/kg DM 0.078
Table ld:
Results of analysis
Sample number SSF 2003-00592-01
Client's marking 27/2-03
Aspartic acid Gram/100G Protein 8.1
Glutamic acid Gram/100G Protein 11.1
Hydroxyproline Gram/100G Protein <0.1
Serine Gram/100G Protein 4.7
Glycine Gram/I OOG Protein 5.4
Histidine Gram/100G Protein 2.6
Arginine Gram/100G Protein 6.6
Threonine Gram/I OOG Protein 4.0
Alanine Gram/100G Protein 4.8
Proline Gram/100G Protein 3.9
Tyrosine Gram/100G Protein 4.5
Valine Gram/100G Protein 4.2
Methionine Gram/100G Protein 2.0
Isoleucine Gram/100G Protein 3.6
Leucine Gram/100G Protein 5.3
Phenylalanine Gram/100G Protein 4.9
Lysine Gram/100G Protein 4.5
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Table 2
Shrimp shell is sieveed from the by-products of the production of peeled
shrimp. The
shrimp shell is then passed into a screw press for removal of water, and
subsequently
subjected to a combined drying and grinding process. The resulting dried and
ground
5 prawn shell is then analysed for:
- Amount of dry matter
- Amount of protein
- Amount of lipids
- Amount of ash
10 - Amount of salt
In addition, a bacteriological analysis was performed.
PRODUCT: ATLANTIC SHRIMPSHELL POWDER
Batch: 06-SSP-001
Mfg date: 12.10.06
Exp date: 12.10.07
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS:
Drymatter : 92,0 %
Protein : 35,2 %
Lipids :< 1%
Ash : 3$,6 %
Salt : < 0,1 %
BACTLRIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS:
Total number ofbacteria 200
Coliformbacteria (37 C) <10
Escherichia coli (44 C) <10
Salmonella Absent in 25 g
Mould and yeast <100
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Table 3
Analysis of nutrient content of the edible part of cooked shrimp.
FOOD FI9HAND
STUFF FI6HERYPRODUCT9
NUMBER
tNiRIENi cONTENi OF 700 Breme adible product
~='SHRIMP,C00KED
ENEft6Y
Falyaeltl+ Ca,po. VltanilnAt
ProtNn Fat Chol= 6hrch Dletary hlsne AAAnd VttaminA
1 aYJlat= Ilbre d autlar Alcohel tahlYatln0l
EAlbh yyhr rahs d
paAlon y a 6um<I+= Sumcla= dlaa<ch=-
polY=
ono- Uum tlinhry eUJra Retlnal fibrn NY
t ( L ..
33 88 ~7~ 1ED1 '23.r$, 0~( 0 T T ~+ Pa~ 28 Q,'~ 1}T3dr A 0 I {
Im
=;17d1 ~IF1 i i t0
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CA 02667401 2009-04-23
WO 2008/051082 PCT/N02007/000363
17
Table 4
Estimated protein and ash values for various mixtures of shrimp shell and
sludge
product from process water.
The estimated percentage values are weight percentage of dry matter. It is
assumed that
the dry matter constitutes 90% of the weight of the wet product. It is further
assuined
that SSP contains about 35 weight percent protein and about 38 weight percent
ash
relative to the dry matter weight. It is further assumed that the sludge
product contains
70 weight percent protein and 0 weigllt percent ash relative to the dry matter
weight.
SSP is solely shrimp shell powder, SSP10 is 90 weigllt percent shrimp shell
powder
io with 10 weight percent sludge product, based on the dry weight of the
product.
Similarly, SP30 is 70 weight percent shrimp shell powder with 30 weight
percent sludge
product, based on the dry weight of the product. Sludge product is solely the
sludge
product. SP is shrimp powder.
Table 4 is not intended to limit the invention to the estimated or assumed
values of the
product content, but is merely meant as an example.
Specification Protein% Water% Ash% Fat% Astaxanthin
SSP <35 <10 <38 <1 >50 m
SSP10 38.5 34.5
SSP20 42 30.4
SP30 45.5 26.6
SP40 49 22.8
SP50 52.5 19
SP60 56 15.2
SP70 59.5 11.4
SP80 63 7.6
SP90 66.5 3.8
Sludge product 70 0
