Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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1
Sloping roof system and insulating board for sloping roof systems
This invention relates to an insulation panel for a sloping roof system,
comprising an insulation body having a base and a top surface and lateral
surfaces connecting the base to the top surface. The base is oriented anti-
parallel with respect to the top surface, so that the top surface is at least
inclined relative to the base. The insulation body is designed in a sandwich
fashion and includes at least one first layer which has the heat and/or sound
insulation properties and which is made from mineral wool, preferably rock
wool. The invention further relates to a sloping roof system for a flat roof
or a flat
inclined roof, consisting of an insulation layer arranged on a support,
especially
on sub-roof constructed from trapezoid metal sheets, with a foil covering,
particularly an air barrier, interposed. The insulation layer is composed of
panel-
shaped insulation elements and covered with an outer roof skin, wherein at
least a part of the panel-shaped insulation elements includes an insulation
body
designed in a sandwich fashion and including at least one first layer with
heat
and/or sound insulating properties and made particularly from mineral wool,
preferably from rock wool.
Insulation elements and roof constructions are known in prior art in a great
variety of designs. A flat or flat inclined roof of the above-mentioned type
normally consists of an insulation layer arranged on a support, with a foil
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covering interposed. The insulation layer is additionally covered with an
outer
roof skin. The support may include a supporting structure.
The supporting structure of a flat or a flat inclined roof is comprised of
trusses
mounted on pillars at regular distances from each other or supported on the
enclosing walls. To provide column-free hall areas, one tries to achieve large
spans. The trusses consist for instance of steel profiles, steel-framework-
constructions, concrete beams, plywood beams or wood box-girders. Purlins or
rafters are fixed in the cross direction to the trusses on the upper chords
thereof. At least in wood supporting structures, these supporting elements are
also referred to as chord purlins. Though the following description refers to
purlin roof designs, it may equally apply to chord roof designs.
As a support for the roof system, in-situ concrete ceilings, concrete
components, formwork from solid wood or wood materials and trapezoid metal
sheets are used. Formwork from wood materials is limited to panel sizes of 2.5
m x 2.5 m. The dimensions of trapezoid metal sheets are limited for reasons of
transportation. Metal coverings in any desired length are profiled off coil at
site.
This is normally possible also for trapezoid metal sheets of the roof
substructure. By appropriately shaping the blanks, the section modulus of the
trapezoid metal sheets can be varied within vast limits or the thickness of
the
metal sheet can be adjusted to the cross sectional shapes. The usual spans of
trapezoid metal sheets in their function as multiple span girders are 6 m.
A difference is made between flat roofs and inclined roofs and between non-
utilized roofs and utilized roofs.
Due to the loads on the supports and formwork, but specifically with regard to
the roof sealing, stagnant water is considered to be harmful. Originally
gaseous
parts of the atmosphere can become dissolved in the precipitations and can
lead to a massive decrease in pH because of their boiling temperature during
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drying being higher than that of water. Humidity binds dust, dirt and seeds
and
promotes algal formation and plant growth accompanied by the formation of
humus and organic acids. Organic and inorganic acids can attack the roof
sealing. Alone the formation of crusts can lead to harmful attacks in the
region
of the connecting seams between the individual sealing systems of a roof,
which are mostly considered to be the weak point.
To avoid the accumulation of precipitations, already the bases or supporting
structures of the roof systems should be planned with a slope of 2% (1.15 ).
Roofs which are even less sloped are special constructions and require special
measures to avoid or reduce the risks caused by stagnant water. The Flat Roof
Guidelines explicitly mention that stagnant water is unavoidable on roofs with
a
slope of up to 3' (¨ 5%).
Precipitation water shall be discharged the short way. In roofs having an
inclination of up to 5 , an interior drainage takes place through roof drains
which
should be provided at the lowest points of the areas to be drained and which
should be spaced at least 50 cm from the superstructure of the roof or other
penetrations of the roof sealing system. Channels leading to the roof drains
should be sufficiently sloped. The roof drains themselves should not
constitute
any thermal bridges. They must be inspected and maintained at regular
intervals and must be freely accessible for this reason.
Non-utilized roof areas are not intended for people to stay on the roof
repeatedly and for a longer time and they are not intended for being utilized
for
traffic or greenery. These roofs are accessed merely for the purpose of
maintenance and general servicing. Concerning greenery, a difference must be
made between intensive and extensive greenery, the latter corresponding to the
coverings with gravel that were usual in the past.
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4
The roof superstructures must normally include a thermal insulation layer to
meet the requirements for saving heat energy.
A roof superstructure of the above-mentioned type normally comprises a base
consisting of trapezoid metal sheets for example, an air barrier having a
water
vapor diffusion inhibiting effect, an insulation layer formed by a mineral
wool
insulation material, preferably by rock wool insulation panels, and a roof
sealing
formed by webs of plastic material or rubber (elastomer) which are anchored in
the trapezoid metal sheets by means of screws passing through the insulation
layer.
For forming the air barrier, polyethylene foils as thin as approximately 100
pm
are frequently used. These foils are loosely spread on the upper chords of the
trapezoid metal sheets and are altogether not able to take a load. On the
other
hand, webs of elastomer material which are coated with metal foils and which
are glued to the upper chords of the trapezoid metal sheets exhibit a certain
load carrying capacity.
The various roof sealing materials will not be further differentiated in the
following. Instead these materials are generally referred to as roof sealing
webs,
even if ready-made blankets, for example from elastomer, are employed.
Mineral wool insulation materials consist of artificially made, glassily
solidified
fibers partially bound with small amounts of mostly organic binding agents
like
thermosetting phenolic or formaldehyde urea resins. For hydrophobing the
insulation materials throughout, the same are additionally impregnated with
additives like oils or resins.
In commerce a difference is made between glass wool and rock wool insulation
materials. Both kinds have different chemical compositions of the fibers and
are
consequently produced by different processes in different devices. Rock wool
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insulation materials contain up to approximately 35% of non-fibrous particles,
whereas glass wool insulation materials are largely free from those particles.
However, there are offered also special rock wool insulation materials
containing no or only a few non-fibrous particles. Moreover, recycling fibers
are
added to the rock wool insulation panels at an amount of up to 2 to 25% by
weight and are usually only loosely embedded in the flakes of the primary
fibers
and thus do practically not contribute to the increase of the mechanical
properties of the insulation materials.
For this reason rock wool insulation materials are differentiated from glass
wool
insulation materials and other mineral wool insulation materials by their
thermal
resistance. Rockwool insulation materials comprise all those mineral wool
insulation materials having a melting point 5 1000 C according to DIN 4102
part
17.
For producing a thermal insulation layer, factory-made mineral wool insulation
materials according to DIN EN 13162 are used. The compressive strength of
these mineral wool insulation materials is 40 kPa at 10% compression. To
achieve this compressive strength using as little material as possible and
thus
also saving weight, the endless fiber webs which are mixed with unfixed
binders
and impregnated with additives are compressed in the vertical and horizontal
directions during the manufacturing process. In this process, individual
fibers or
primary fiber agglomerations are folded upon each other and in themselves in
the conveying direction. Transversely to them, mostly horizontally arranged
layers are formed resulting in that the flexural strength in this direction is
considerably higher than in the conveying direction. Increasing the
proportions
of binders is not an option because of the risk of losing the non-flammability
of
the insulation material and also for reasons of cost.
To utilize the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the roofs concerned,
the roof insulation panels are designed as multiple span girders, i.e. with
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dimensions transversely to the profile of the trapezoid metal sheets which are
as large as possible. Such trapezoid metal sheets have inner widths of more
than 150 mm between the upper chords. To bridge these widths, the Flat Roof
Guidelines require minimum thicknesses of the mineral wool insulation panels
of 120 mm. According to a previous formula, half of the inner width between
the
upper chords of the trapezoid steel profiles was calculated as the minimum
thickness, although this formula was based upon insulation panels in which the
fibers lie flat with respect to both large surfaces.
Rock wool insulation panels have total densities in the range of approx 130 to
approx 170 kg/m', non-fibrous parts and recycling fibers included. After a
deduction of the non-fibrous particles, the resulting net densities are less
than
90 kg/m3 or more than 70 kg/m3 of primary fibers, binding agents included.
Large format roof insulation panels are used with dimensions of 2 m length x
1.2 m width for example.
The surfaces of the rock wool insulation panels react sensitively to loads
when
they are walked on or when hand carts, sack trucks or lift trucks are moved
over
these surfaces. Both the profiles of the shoe soles and the profiles of the
wheels
of the transport means, such as the sharp edges of the wheels of the lift
trucks,
not only cause pressure loads on the surfaces concerned, but also shearing
stresses. When the regions above the lower chords of the trapezoid metal
sheets are walked on or travelled on in the longitudinal direction, the
harmful
effects of these loads are clearly increased.
Due to its hydrolyzing effect, rain water coming down onto the unprotected
surfaces of the insulation panels weakens the frequently used thermosetting
resins and the structure of the insulation material. Moreover, due to
relaxation
effects, quasi natural moisture losses generally occur within the rock wool
insulation material.
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7
By an increase of the gross density to approximately 180 to 220 kg/m3 within a
to 25 mm thick layer underneath the upper large surface, the resistance of
the roof insulation panels is increased and the specific stress of the
structure of
the insulation material is reduced due to the more favorable introduction of
forces.
An appropriate organization of the laying work and the use of suitable
transport
means help to avoid the transport of heavy stacks of parts of the insulation
layer
produced from insulation panels and their damaging. For carrying out
subsequent work that may be required, for example completing the connections
to attics, fire walls, penetrations and/or other building parts, the
installation of
dome 'lights and roof drains and so on, additional pressure-compensating
panels have to be laid. But such precautions are regularly left out during
planning, because one frequently shies away from organization work and costs
for these measures.
Further, non-utilized roof areas must be regularly accessed for maintenance
and cleaning. This maintenance comprises among others checking the water
drains and the removal of debris. Non-utilized roofs must also be accessed for
example for the maintenance and cleaning of air condition systems, antennas,
lightening protection systems, billboards, smoke outlets and/or dome lights.
This
causes walkways being formed which are marked by damaged roof insulation
panels. To avoid such damages, scrap rubber mats or panels are laid and
concrete slabs or light grids are placed on the scrap rubber mats or panels,
or
light grids are additionally floor-mounted on the concrete slabs.
A further problem of flat or flat inclined roofs is constituted by the
drainage of
precipitations, melt water included. In most cases stagnant water on the roof
sealing can be avoided only by an inclination of the base of the roof
superstructure of approx 3 . Disadvantageously, even in new
buildings
supporting structures are planned and built without sufficient inclination, or
their
1
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admissible deflection is neglected. The admissible deflection of the trapezoid
metal sheets is 1/500 which at least makes 12 mm at the usual spans of 6000
mm. For purlins and trusses, deflections in a similar magnitude must be
considered.
The deepest points of the partial areas which are predetermined by the purlins
and trusses become apparent only after the completion of the entire
superstructure of the roof, including the superimposed loads. The positions of
these deepest points can even change through influences of weather, for
example through deposits of snow. Hence a plurality of usually additional roof
drains is fixed only after locating the deepest points. This additional work
and
these additional installations are costly. To avoid costs, roof drains are
preferably arranged in the vicinity of purlins or on the trusses and hence
quasi
on the uppermost height lines of the entire roof construction.
To generally construct a water drain towards a small number of roof drains,
sloping roof systems are provided which are additionally constructed on the
insulation layer and which form a channel if arranged in pairs. To avoid
stagnant
water in this channel and to direct the precipitations towards the roof
drains,
sloped valley roof systems are additionally provided which are always
constructed in pairs, so that a rising central ridge is formed while two
downwardly sloping lateral surfaces together with the surfaces of the sloping
roof system respectively form valleys. Between two roof drains arranged
adjacent to each other, preferably two sloped valley roof systems are
arranged,
one with respect to the other one in such a way that the precipitations are
directed in opposite directions, i.e. towards the respective roof drains.
At the calculation of the thermal resistance of the roof superstructure the
insulation elements of sloping roof insulation systems are a factor that is
considered. But in order to avoid thermal bridges and especially to achieve
sufficient positional stability of the sloping roof system on the trapezoid
metal
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sheets and thus the required load bearing capacity, a thermal insulation layer
constructed from large-format rock wool roof insulation panels is usually
required. Sloping roof systems can also be installed on top of existing, i.e.
old
roof superstructures.
For limiting the height of the sloping roof insulation systems, the same are
arranged against each other on larger roof areas and constitute saddle-shaped
elevations, each with a ridge line and with the channels extending there
between. Sloping roof insulation systems can extend up to the bordering
building parts like attics, fire walls, superstructures and other
penetrations. But
in most cases the commercially available sloped roof panels are installed
there,
which form a plane sloping away from the bordering construction. In commerce,
this plane is still referred to as a counter slope, even if the rest of the
roof
superstructure is planar, i.e. a counter slope is missing.
Commercially available sloping roof systems consist of a number of molded
rock wool bodies, the outer large surfaces of which are inclined at least with
respect to the mostly horizontal supporting surfaces. The angles of
inclination
mostly do not exceed 1.15 (¨ 2% decline), which is due to a higher amount of
insulation material needed for larger angles of inclinations and to the costs
which are thus increased. The molded rock wool bodies are matched to each
other in their heights and widths. After reaching a certain height, additional
molded rock wool bodies are arranged on a planar roof insulation panel, so
that
larger heights can be obtained with a small number of molded bodies.
Sloping roof insulation panels having smaller thicknesses can be cut from
rectangular parallelepiped-shaped rock wool roof insulation panels and thus
generally have the same structure as the rock wool roof insulation panels.
Sloping roof insulation panels having larger thicknesses are composed of
individual panel sections which are aligned at right angles to the roof
surface,
and a lateral surface of which is cut in a sloped fashion corresponding to the
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desired angle of inclination. By this overwhelmingly right-angled orientation
of
the mineral fibers in the panel sections an increased compressive strength is
achieved or it is possible to reduce the density of the panel sections while
the
level of the compressive strength is still the same.
For use in the above-described roofs, the insulation layers (sound and/or
heat)
must be sufficiently resistant to deformation and temperature and, as a base
for
the roof sealing, they must be sufficiently hardwearing and dimensionally
stable.
For reasons of costs and to avoid thermal bridges as far as possible, the rock
wool roof insulation panels provided for this purpose are used as inherently
planar prismatic insulation panels, i.e. parallelepiped-shaped insulation
panels.
Such insulation panels can be produced at low cost. They can be stacked,
transported and quickly laid without expert knowledge. For reasons of costs
and
because of their higher load bearing capacity, large-format panels having
dimensions of e.g. 2 m length x 1.2 m width are preferred. Small-format
insulation panels having dimensions like 1.25 m or 1.0 m length x 0.6 or 0.625
m width are used only for secondary areas or on solid bases.
The surfaces of rock wool insulation panels are relatively sensitive to
repeated
mechanical loads occurring for example when the panels are stepped on or
travelled on by wheel barrows, handcarts, lift trucks and so on. The effects
of
these general pressure loads are even intensified to the negative by the
shearing stresses caused by profiled shoe soles or tire profiles. While two
layers of bitumen still have a certain pressure-compensating effect and
clearly
reduce the above-mentioned shearing stresses of the surfaces, this is not the
case when thin plastic or rubber webs are used.
To improve the surface properties and particularly the accessibility or
carrying
capacity of the rock wool roof insulation panels, a cover layer which is
highly
compacted up to 220 kg/m' and which is approx 2 cm thick is intended. But the
long-term effect of the same is dependant on the rigidity of the remaining
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insulation body. If the latter is repeatedly subject to loads, even this cover
layer
will crush like a floe.
A difference must be made between roof insulation panels and sloping roof
insulation panels, the latter having an inclined surface in at least one
direction.
With sloping roof insulation panels, which are installed for instance in the
valleys of inclined roofs, the inclined surface can be sloped toward the one
side
or towards the other side, thus ultimately forming a double slope.
On the other hand, sloping roof systems are known consisting of individual
sloping roof insulation panels which have a length of 900 mm and a width of
600 mm on the basis, in the direction of the decline, whereby a 2% decline can
be produced in the roof area. The thicknesses of the individual sloping roof
insulation panels within this sloping roof system are between 40 mm and 184
mm. Because of possible damages already at the time of manufacture it is
generally avoided to have the sloping roof insulation panels or other
unprotected molded bodies terminate with a thickness close to zero.
If it is intended to increase the base length of this sloping roof system, a
layer
consisting of planar roof insulation panels is inserted, so that it is
normally
possible to continue with a first one of corresponding sloping roof insulation
panels.
To limit the thickness and the volume of the sloping roof insulation panels
required for constructing an inclined roof surface, saddle-shaped elevations
are
formed, whereby channels are produced in which roof drains are situated.
In view of the above-discussed prior art it is a problem of the present
invention to provide an insulation panel for a sloping roof system with
improved
mechanical properties, so that the insulation panel can resist high pressure
loads and shearing stresses on the one side and is suitable for the
construction
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of a sloping roof system and for compiling a corresponding construction kit on
the other side. The invention is also based on the problem of providing a
sloping roof system for a flat or flat inclined roof which can be constructed
in an
easy way and preferably with only a small number of construction parts and
which additionally has the required mechanical properties, especially
mechanical strengths.
The solution of this problem provides in an insulation panel of the kind
described above, that the first layer is connected to a second layer having
mechanical properties, especially a compressive strength and/or bending
strength, different from those of the first layer and consisting of a material
which
is different from the material of the first layer and at least has a higher
bending
stiffness.
Concerning the sloping roof system according to the invention, the solution
of the problem provides that the second layer has mechanical properties,
especially a compressive strength and/or bending strength, different from
those
of the first layer and consists of a material which is different from the
material of
the first layer and at least has a higher bending stiffness.
Further features of the insulation panel according to the invention and of the
sloping roof system according to the invention will become apparent from the
respective subclaims and from the following description of further
improvements
and embodiments of the insulation panel and the sloping roof system.
In an insulation panel according to the invention, a right-angled construction
of
the base has proved to be advantageous, so that the lateral surfaces are
oriented at right angles to each other. Such insulation panels can be easily
laid
on the usual roof areas and can also be readily cut with the usual cutting
tools.
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A further feature of the invention provides that the second layer of the
insulation
panel is constructed from a molded body consisting of a material which is
pressure-resistant and/or exhibits a high bending strength, in particular
magnesia binder, for instance from Sorel cement, or from mixtures of binding
agents with magnesia binder. An advantage of this construction is that a
corresponding second layer is sufficiently pressure-resistant, so that the
insulation panel can be walked on and/or travelled on. This embodiment of the
second layer, which consists of a magnesia binder, additionally has the
advantage that the fire performance of a correspondingly constructed
insulation
panel is not negatively influenced.
A further development of this embodiment provides that the at least first
layer is
in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and is arranged on a molded body
which forms the at least second layer. An alternative may provide that the at
least second layer is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and is
connected to a molded body forming the at least first layer. Thus the
invention
either provides that the first layer having heat and/or sound insulation
properties
is constructed particularly from mineral wool, preferably rock wool, in the
form of
a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped element, namely a customary insulation
panel, and that the second layer having mechanical properties different from
those of the first layer includes a planar large surface which is arranged on
the
entire area of the large surface of the first layer, the second large surface
of the
second layer extending anti-parallel to the large surface of the first layer.
Further the possibility exists for the insulation panel being constructed from
a
first layer having two large surfaces extending anti-parallel to each other,
so that
the second layer with mechanical properties different from the first layer is
applied to one surface of the first layer, the second layer being in the form
of a
rectangular parallelepiped. In this latter embodiment one may benefit from the
fact that the first layer having the heat and/or sound insulation properties
can be
easily adapted in its shape by cutting a corresponding layer as a molded body
for example from a block of mineral wool, for example rock wool.
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A further development of the insulation panel according to the invention
provides that the insulation body includes at least one lateral surface
extending
parallel to the inclination and oriented to the base at angle deviating from
the
right angle. A still further development of the invention provides that the
lateral
surfaces have a height of at least 5 mm, so that the insulation panel over the
entire surface thereof is constituted by a region, namely a layer, with heat
and/or sound insulation properties, and a region, namely a layer, having a
high
compressive strength and/or bending strength. Thus the heat and/or sound
insulation properties of such an insulation panel are maintained over its
entire
surface, for instance its surface supported on a sloping roof.
The first layer from mineral wool preferably has a fiber orientation towards
its
large surface. This construction has the advantage that the compressive
strength of this first layer is increased.
A further feature of the invention provides that the second layer consisting
of a
pressure-resistant material includes a two-dimensional reinforcement made
from wovens, non-wovens, rovings from glass, plastic and/or natural fibers.
Also
this measure serves to improve the mechanical properties, especially the
compressive strength and/or bending strength of the second layer, so that this
second layer exhibits at least a high bending stiffness, even if the thickness
of
the layer is relatively small.
According to a further feature of the invention the second layer which
consists
of a pressure-resistant material can additionally include amounts of water
glass,
organically modified silicates (ormosiles), silica glass and/or plastic
dispersions
or emulsions.
A further feature of the invention provides that, for improving its mechanical
properties, the second layer, which consists of a pressure-resistant material,
at
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least includes an internal reinforcement made of textile, glass and/or mineral
wool fibers. Here it turned out to be advantageous to construct the second
layer, which consists of a pressure-resistant material, for up to 40% and
preferably up to 25% from textile, glass and/or mineral wool fibers.
The layers of mineral fibers and for instance Sorel cement, which must be
connected to each other, are preferably glued together or laminated one on top
of the other during a manufacturing step.
A further feature of the invention provides that the second layer, which
consists
of a pressure-resistant material, particularly magnesia binder, includes fine-
grained additives from brucite, aluminum hydroxide and/or titanium oxide,
particularly in an amount of up to 25% by weight.
Preferably, these two layers are arranged one on top of the other and flush
with
each other, to provide a body having a planar lateral surface area, so that an
insulation constructed from these insulation panels includes panels with the
lateral surfaces thereof bearing against one another over the entire surface.
According to a further feature of the invention it can be provided that the
second
layer comprising the top surface projects at least compared to a lateral
surface
of the first layer comprising the base. In this case the projecting second
layer
can be supported on an adjacent insulation panel and thus cover the joint
region of two adjacent insulation panels. The projecting second layer thus
serves as a sealing of the transition zone between two adjacent insulation
panels of a roof system.
A further feature of the invention provides that the second layer comprising
the
top surface has a material thickness of approx 2 mm to 25 mm, preferably of
approx 3 mm to 10 mm. A second layer constructed in this way thus has a
material thickness which is sufficient for forming together with the above-
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16
mentioned features a sufficiently pressure-resistant and/or rigid layer. The
material thickness is further selected in such a way that the total weight of
the
insulation panel is within a range allowing a person to handle the insulation
panel. Such material thicknesses moreover allow large-format insulation panels
which do not require machines to assist laying the panels within a roof
system.
An advantageous embodiment of the invention further provides that a cover, in
particular a cover in the form of a random web produced from artificial fibers
is
arranged on the surface of the insulation body, particularly on the second
layer.
This embodiment has the advantage that the connection between the two layers
is improved through this cover, wherein a random web made of artificial fibers
may have the effect of reinforcement.
A further development of the insulation panel according to the invention
provides that the pressure-resistant and/or rigid layer is constructed
differently
thick, depending on the mechanical loads occurring during utilization. The
second layer for instance can be formed with a greater thickness in the region
of walkways and/or driveways. These regions can also be made visually
recognizable by a special color, grain size or the like.
Concerning the above-mentioned cover, it may be provided that the same
overlaps at least one, preferably two adjacent lateral surfaces of the
insulation
body, preferably of the second layer comprising the top surface. In this case
the
cover can again overlap an adjacent insulation panel at least partly, so that
this
cover has a sealing function in this respect. Incidentally, the cover can be
formed so as to be self-adhering at least in the overlapping region, so that
it can
be readily and easily stuck together with the cover of an adjacent insulation
panel or with an adjacent insulation panel.
A further feature of the invention provides that at least one lateral surface
of the
first layer comprising the base is at least partially provided with a pressure-
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17
resistant and/or rigid coating, said coating preferably being of the same
material
as the pressure-resistant and/or rigid second layer. Such an insulation panel
is
especially suited for rim areas of a roof covering, wherein the layer protects
both the top surface of the insulation material and a lateral surface against
damage.
For further developing the insulation panel according to the invention a
further
embodiment of the invention provides that the first layer comprising the base
is
constructed in a multipart fashion from segments. Preferably, the segments of
the first layer are glued to each other and/or are connected to each other
through the pressure-resistant and/or rigid second layer. Additionally, it can
be
provided that the segments are arranged on a supporting layer and are
preferably connected and especially glued to this supporting layer. This
embodiment can be developed further for instance by constructing the
supporting layer from a material suitable for heat and/or sound insulation,
especially from mineral fibers.
A further feature of the invention provides that the insulation body includes
a
first layer with heat and/or sound insulation properties, particularly from
mineral
fibers, a second layer from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid material,
particularly
from a magnesia binder, arranged on the first layer, a third layer with heat
and/or sound insulation properties, particularly from mineral fibers, arranged
on
the second layer, and finally a fourth layer from a pressure-resistant and/or
rigid
material, particularly from a magnesia binder. This insulation panel is thus
designed in the fashion of a sandwich element and exhibits good mechanical
strength and excellent heat and/or sound insulation properties.
The above-described insulation panel is further improved by constructing the
first layer so as to be compressible. By this compressibility of the first
layer this
insulation panel can be readily adjusted to irregularities of the support of
the
roof seating the insulation panel.
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Constructing the second layer and the fourth layer from identical materials
has
proved to be advantageous in such insulation panels, because this simplifies
the manufacturing process.
In the following, particularly preferred embodiments of the sloping roof
system
according to the invention are illustrated.
Preferably, the sloping roof system according to the invention is developed
further by a plate-shaped insulation element arranged on the support. The
plate-shaped insulation element includes at least one lateral surface which is
oriented to an upper large surface in the insulation layer and to a lower
large
surface in the insulation layer of the insulation element at an angle
deviating
from the right angle, and the lower large surface is formed greater in area
than
the upper large surface of the insulation element.
For the controlled discharge of rain water drainage systems are known.
According to the invention, insulation elements having an inclined surface
serve
for this purpose. With such insulation elements having an inclined surface
sloping roof systems are constructed serving for instance to discharge rain
water into a drainage system of the sloping roof system.
A further development of the sloping roof system according to the invention
provides that the angle of the superposed insulation elements or molded parts
is smaller towards the support. If several insulation elements or molded parts
are arranged one above the other, the surfaces which obliquely extend at an
angle with respect to the horizontal exhibit a progression in the form of a
circle
of an arc or in the form of a segment of a circle of an arc.
The molded parts are preferably connected, particularly by gluing, to the
lateral
surface of the insulation element joining these molded parts and/or to the
layer
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
19
of the insulation element arranged beneath, to guarantee a compound structure
of the individual construction parts of the sloping roof system.
It is further provided that the insulation element in the region of its upper
large
surface in the insulation layer is arched and/or preferably bent into
segments.
This construction considerably improves the function of an insulation element
for discharging precipitations, especially rain water, into the roofs own
drainage
system and particularly avoids the accumulation of water on the surface of the
roof.
Additionally it can be provided that the lateral surface of the plate-shaped
insulation element which is oriented to an upper large surface in the
insulation
layer and to a lower large surface in the insulation layer at an angle
deviating
from the right angle, is also arched, particularly concavely curved, in order
to
achieve the above-mentioned advantages also in this type of insulation element
of a sloping roof system.
A further development of the sloping roof system according to the invention
provides that at least one surface of the molded part adjacent to the lateral
surface and/or of the adjacent insulation element includes a pressure-
resistant
and/or rigid layer at least in parts thereof. This layer protects the molded
part or
the insulation element from damage caused by being stepped on or also
caused by influences of weather, for instance precipitations and/or solar
radiation. A further development of this embodiment provides that the pressure-
resistant and/or rigid layer extends over a part of the lateral surface to
protect
also this lateral surface from damage and influences of weather.
Further it turned out to be advantageous to extend the pressure-resistant
and/or
rigid layer over the lateral surface and up to the support and to arrange it
preferably on a part of the support. Also this embodiment serves to protect
the
construction elements of the sloping roof system against mechanical stresses,
CA 02674956 2014-05-23
, 79196-11
for instance pressure, bending and shearing stresses, and also against
influences of weather, especially precipitations and/or high solar radiation.
A further feature provides that the insulation element includes, two large
surfaces, each comprising a layer constructed from a material different from
the
material of the first layer with the heat and/or sound insulation properties
and at
least exhibiting a higher bending stiffness. Insulation elements which are
constructed in this way can be used also in regions of the sloping roof system
intended to be walked and/or travelled on.
A further feature of the invention provides that one large surface of the
insulation body is formed as a planar base which is arranged anti-parallel and
at
least inclined with respect to a second large surface of the insulation body,
wherein the insulation body has lateral surfaces which connect the base to the
second large surface. Accordingly, insulation elements like those described
above in the form of an insulation panel can always be used in a sloping roof
system according to the invention. Consequently, the above-described features
and constructions of the insulation panel according to the invention can be
implemented also in insulation bodies which are used in such a sloping roof
system. Accordingly, concerning the advantages of such insulation bodies or
=
insulation elements, reference is made to the above-described insulation
panels.
CA 02674956 2014-05-23
79196-11
20a
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
insulation
panel for a sloping roof system, comprising an insulation body having a planar
base
and a surface as well as lateral surfaces connecting the base to the surface,
wherein
the base is oriented anti-parallel with respect to the surface, so that the
surface is at
least inclined with respect to the base, wherein the insulation body is
designed in a
sandwich fashion and includes at least a first layer having heat and/or sound
insulation properties and made from mineral wool, wherein the first layer is
connected
to a second layer having mechanical properties different from those of the
first layer
and consisting of a material which is different from the material of the first
layer and at
least has a higher bending stiffness, wherein the layers are connected to each
other,
or are laminated onto each other, wherein the second layer comprises a molded
body
from pressure-resistant and/or rigid material or from mixtures of binding
agents with
magnesia binder, wherein the first layer has a fiber orientation towards the
surface,
and wherein the second layer consisting of the pressure-resistant material at
least
comprises a two-dimensional reinforcement from wovens, non-wovens, rovings
from
glass, plastic and/or natural fibers.
According to still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
sloping
roof system for a flat or a flat inclined roof, consisting of an insulation
layer arranged
on a support with a film sealing being interposed, wherein the insulation
layer is
composed of plate-shaped insulation elements and covered with an outer roof
skin
and wherein at least a part of the plate-shaped insulation elements includes
an
insulation body which is configured in a sandwich fashion and at least
comprises a
first layer having heat and/or sound insulation properties, from mineral wool,
wherein
a second layer has a pressure strength and bending strengths, different from
those of
the first layer and consists of a material which is different from the
material of the first
layer and at least has a higher bending stiffness, wherein the first and
second layers
are connected to each other, or are laminated onto each other, wherein the
second
layer is constituted by a molded body from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid
material
or from mixtures of binding agents with magnesia binder, wherein the first
layer has a
CA 02674956 2014-05-23
79196-11
20b
fiber orientation towards the surface, and wherein the second layer consisting
of the
pressure-resistant material at least comprises a two-dimensional reinforcement
from
wovens, non-wovens, rovings from glass, plastic and/or natural fibers.
Further features and advantages of the insulation panel according to the
invention or
of the sloping roof system according to the invention will become apparent
from the
following description of the attached drawing showing preferred embodiments of
the
insulation panel or the sloping roof system. In the drawing it is shown by:
Figure 1 a part of the sloping roof system in a perspective view;
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
21
Figure 2 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 3 the insulation panel according to figure 2 in a lateral view;
Figure 4 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 5 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 6 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 7 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 8 an insulation element for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 9 an insulation element for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 10 an insulation element for a sloping roof system in a perspective
view;
Figure 11 the insulation element according to figure 10 in a lateral view;
Figure 12 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 13 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 14 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 15 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
22
Figure 16 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 17 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 18 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 19 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 20 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 21 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 22 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 23 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 24 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 25 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 26 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 27 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 28 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 29 a part of a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 30 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
Figure 31 a part of a sloping roof system in a perspective view;
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
23
Figure 32 a part of an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a
lateral
view;
Figure 33 a part of an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a
lateral
view;
Figure 34 a part of an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a
lateral
view;
Figure 35 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view;
Figure 36 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view
and
Figure 37 an insulation panel for a sloping roof system in a lateral view.
Figure 1 shows a part of a sloping roof system for a flat roof 1 consisting of
a
roof covering and a roof closure 2 which comprises an upper surface 3 with a
film sealing 4, particularly an air barrier, arranged on it. On the film
sealing 4 an
insulation layer 5 constructed from a plurality of plate-shaped insulation
elements 6 is arranged. The insulation elements 6 are aligned in several
juxtaposed rows. Figure 1 also shows a central part 7 of the insulation layer
5.
In this central part 7 additional drain openings 8 are arranged. The central
part 7
of the insulation layer 5 is composed of sloping insulation panels 9 which are
additionally placed onto the insulation elements 6. The construction of these
sloping insulation panels 9 will be described in the following. Figure 1 shows
that the insulation elements 6, which have a plate-shaped design, include a
surface 10 which is arranged anti-parallel with respect to a second,
oppositely
arranged surface 10 that is supported on the film sealing 4. The surfaces 10
of
the insulation elements 6 in a row have the same orientation and are joined by
and flush with the surfaces 10 of the insulation elements 6 of an adjacent
row.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
24
The insulation elements 6 with their surfaces 10 altogether constitute a
surface
on one side of the central part 7 which is inclined towards the central part
7, so
that precipitation water showering onto the surfaces 10 will be discharged
towards the central part 7.
It can be seen in figure 1 that two drain openings 8 are spaced from each
other
in the central part 7. On both sides of the drain openings 8 sloping
insulation
panels 9 are arranged. The sloping insulation panels 9 between the two drain
openings 8 constitute a sloping valley roof system which is designed in such a
way, that the precipitations are directed in opposite directions, i.e. towards
the
drain openings 8. The sloping insulation panels 9 are attached to insulation
elements 6 which form a component part of the insulation layer 5.
In the figures 2 and 3 an insulation element 6 is shown in a perspective and
in a
lateral view. The insulation element 6 is comprised of an insulation body from
mineral fibers bound with a binding agent. The insulation body constitutes a
first
layer 11 of the insulation elements 6 and comprises a large surface 12.The
insulation body has applied to it a second layer 13. The second layer 13 is
substantially rectangular parallelepiped-shaped and comprises the large
surface
of the insulation element 6. The large surfaces 10 and 12 extend anti-parallel
to each other. Thus the large surface 10 is inclined with respect to the large
surface 12.
The two layers 11 and 12 exhibit different mechanical properties, namely
compressive strength and bending strength. The compressive strength of the
first layer 11, namely the insulation body, is lower than that of the second
layer
13.
In addition to the surfaces 10 and 12 the insulation element 6 comprises
lateral
surfaces 14 which are oriented at right angles so that two lateral surfaces 14
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
=
respectively extend parallel to each other thus constituting a right-angled
base
for the insulation element 6. This base corresponds to the large surface 12.
The second layer 13 and the first layer 11, namely the insulation body, are
glued to each other, so that the insulation element 6 is integrally formed
from
the insulation body and the second layer 13. The figures 2 and 3 show that the
insulation body in the region of its lateral surfaces 14 is at least 5 mm
high, so
that the entire second layer 13 is engaged by the insulation body from below.
To improve the compressive strength of the insulation body or of the second
layer 13, the first layer 11 has a fiber orientation towards the surface 12.
In
addition, the second layer 13 includes a two-dimensional reinforcement from
glass fibers which are embedded in the second layer 13.
Finally, the figures 2 and 3 show that the lateral surfaces 14 of the
insulation
body and the lateral surfaces 14 of the second layer 13 merge flush with each,
so that the respective lateral surfaces 14 of the insulation body 11 and of
the
second layer 13 are planar.
A further development of the insulation element 6 illustrated in the figures 2
and
3 can be seen in figure 4. In addition to the construction elements of the
insulation element 6 according to the figures 2 and 3, the insulation element
6
according to figure 4 includes on the surface 10 of the second layer 13 a
cover
15 in the form of a random plastic fiber web. The cover 15 can be glued to the
surface 10 so as to be flush with this surface. Alternatively, that cover can
project over the lateral surfaces 14, so it can be supported on an adjacent
insulation element 6 of juxtaposed insulation elements 6.
The figures 2 to 4 show embodiments of the insulation element 6 with a surface
10 inclined in a direction relative to the surface 12. Differently from the
figures 2
to 4, figure 5 shows an embodiment of the insulation element 6 which has a
construction corresponding to the figures 2 and 3 but includes two
inclinations
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
26
of the surface 10 relative to the surface 12 extending at right angles to each
other as indicated by arrows 16.
Figure 6 illustrates a further embodiment of an insulation element 6 having a
triangular cross section, wherein the surface 10 which is arranged oppositely
to
a right angle is constructed with the second layer 13. Such an insulation
element can be used for instance in the rim area of a roof, particularly in
the
region of an attic 32.
Figure 7 shows a further embodiment of an insulation element 6 in combination
with an insulation panel 17 which is in the form of a rectangular
parallelepiped
and consists of mineral fibers bound with binding agents. The insulation
element 6 has a trapezoid cross section and includes a second layer
constructed from rigid material and extending over a surface running parallel
to
the large surface 12 of the insulation body and over a lateral surface 14
which is
erected so as to extend towards the surface 12 at an angle deviating from the
right angle. The insulation element 6 has a height corresponding to the height
of
the insulation panel 17. This embodiment allows the insulation element 6 being
constructed with a second layer 13 which extends over the large surface of the
insulation body arranged oppositely to the large surface 12 or over the first
layer
11 and is thus supported on a large surface 18 of the adjacent insulation
panel
17. The second layer 13 can be additionally connected to the large surface 18
of the insulation panel 17 by means of an adhesive.
In the figures 8 to 11, which will be described in the following, various
sloping
insulation panels 9 are illustrated.
Figure 8 shows a first embodiment of a sloping insulation panel 9 which is
designed as a magnesia molded body and has two lateral surfaces 19 running
towards each other at an angle, and bases 20, only one base 20 being shown in
figure 8. The sloping insulation panel 9 is wedge-shaped, with the lateral
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
27
surfaces 19 abutting each other along a line 21 and being oriented so as
decline from this line 21 towards the bases 20, so that the lateral surfaces
19
have a downward slope from the line 21 with respect to a planar supporting
surface.
In figure 9 an alternative embodiment of a sloping insulation panel 9 is
shown,
in which a bed-plate 22 is arranged between the bases 20 which includes a
planar supporting surface 23 serving to take support on a surface 3 according
to
figure 1 or on planar insulation elements 6. Between the bed-plate 22 and the
bases 20 setbacks are formed in a fashion so that they normally correspond to
an inclination of insulation elements 6 in the region of their surfaces, so
that
these insulation elements 6 can be arranged flush in the space between the
bed-plate 23 and the base 20. An alternative embodiment of the sloping
insulation panel 9 according to figure 8 is illustrated in the figures 10 and
11.
This embodiment of the sloping insulation panel 9 provides an insulation body
having arranged on each of its lateral surfaces 19 a layer 13 constructed from
pressure-resistant and rigid magnesia and glued to the insulation body 11. The
insulation body 11 consists of mineral fibers bound with binding agents and
thus
exhibits excellent heat and sound insulation properties. Preferably, the
insulation body 11 is produced as an integral press-molded part, with the
second layers 13 being pressed together with the insulation body 11.
Between the two layers 13 a valley 24 is formed which corresponding to the
lateral surfaces 19 has an inclination towards a tip 25 of the sloping
insulation
panel 9.
Figure 12 shows a further embodiment of a roof 1 consisting of a roof
substructure including several trapezoid metal sheets 26 and a foil covering
arranged on these metal sheets. On this foil covering 4 insulation panels 27
in
the form of a rectangular parallelepiped are arranged. The insulation panels
27
abut each other by their lateral surfaces, and insulation elements 6, which
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
,
28
constitute a further embodiment of the invention, are arranged between two
rows of insulation panels 27.
The insulation elements 6 are designed in a sandwich fashion and include a
first
layer 11 in the form of an insulation body, a second layer 13 and a third
layer
28. These insulation elements 6 have a material thickness of approx 30 mm.
The first layer 11, which is formed as an insulation body, and the third layer
28
are made from mineral fibers bound with binding agents. It turned out to be
advantageous to arrange the mineral fibers at least within the first layer 11,
which is formed as an insulation body, so that the fibers have an orientation
at
right angles to the large surface. The second layer 13, which is the central
layer
in the sandwich element, consists of a non-flexible, rigid and thus pressure
distributing magnesia panel. The thickness of this second layer 13 is so
dimensioned that the third layer 28 slightly overlaps with its surface 10 the
surface which is formed by the insulation panels 27. When subject to a load in
the direction of the surface normal of the surface 10, this insulation element
6 is
so compressed that the surface 10 will sink maximally to the level of the
surfaces which are formed by the insulation panels 27. Accordingly, a much
higher compressibility is not provided. It turned out to be advantageous to
design the third layer 28 with a material thickness of approx 10 to approx 15
mm in order to guarantee its function as a springy spacer or as a separating
layer. Differently from the above description, the third layer 28 can of
course be
constructed from rigid foam panels or random plastic fiber webs. This third
layer
28 additionally serves as a protective layer for the magnesia panel which is
thus
protected against damage by sharp-edged items and against influences of
weather.
Figure 13 shows the arrangement of an insulation element 6 according to the
figures 2 and 3 in a sloping roof system, which insulation element is composed
of a lower layer of insulation panels 27 and superposed sloping insulation
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
29
panels 8. Between two sloping insulation panels 8 an insulation element 6 is
so
arranged that the inclined surfaces of the insulation element 6 and of the
sloping insulation panels 8 form one plane.
In this embodiment, the region of the insulation element 6 is designed as a
region intended to be walked on. This can be visually marked by a clearly
different second layer 13 for instance.
In figure 14 a further example of an insulation element 6 is shown. This
insulation element 6 comprises an insulation body with two large surfaces 12
extending parallel to each other. On each of these two large surfaces 12 a
second layer 13 is arranged fully covering the surface. The second layer 13
consists of a magnesia panel which is glued to the insulation body. Within the
layers 13 reinforcing elements such as glass, plastic and/or natural fibers
are
arranged. These reinforcing elements are laminated with magnesia binders.
The laminated layers are approx 0.5 mm to approx 30 mm thick. Material
thicknesses between approx 1 mm and 10 mm have proved particularly
appropiate. The two layers 13 may of course have different material
thicknesses
or may be reinforced differently from each other. The layers 13 can be applied
by lamination in a working step during manufacture of the insulation body or
they can be additionally adhered to the insulation body after the curing of
the
binder.
In the following various sloping roof systems will be described which are
illustrated in the figures 15 to 31 and in which insulation elements 6
according to
the figures 1 to 14 can be used.
Figure 15 shows a roof 1 with a roof closure 2 which has a surface 3. On the
surface 3 a sealing film (not further illustrated) is arranged, for example a
sealing film 4 such as shown in figure 1.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
In the right half of figure 15 two superposed layers of insulation panels 17
in the
form of a rectangular parallelepiped are arranged on the surface 3. The
insulation panels 17 of the two superposed layers are arranged offset to each
other regarding their lateral surfaces 19, thus producing a step-like design.
In
the steps 29 thus formed, insulation elements 6 are arranged which have a
triangular cross section and comprise a surface arranged oppositely to a right
angle, the surfaces of the insulation elements 6 which are arranged in
adjacent
steps being aligned in one plane.
On the uppermost layer of the insulation panels 17 a system of sloping
insulation panels 9 is arranged, which accordingly are constructed with
inclined
surfaces deviating from the horizontal. As sloping insulation panels 9 those
panels 9 can be used which are shown for example in the figures 8 to 11.
Differently from the right half of figure 15, the left half of figure 15 shows
an
alternative embodiment which is different from the embodiment shown in the
right half of figure 15 in that the insulation panels 17 are formed integrally
with
the insulation elements 6. Accordingly, these insulation panels 17 differ from
the
block-shaped design in that one lateral surface 19 is oriented relative to the
large surfaces 18 at an angle which deviates from the right angle. This can of
course apply to more than one lateral surface 19. Two further embodiments are
illustrated in figure 16 showing in its right half an insulation element 6
juxtaposed to two superposed insulation panels 17 and having a triangular
cross section and including a step 30 on its lateral surface facing the
insulation
panels 17. The step 30 serves to seat the upper one of the two insulation
panels 17, so that this upper one of the two insulation panels 17 is
cantilevered
towards the insulation element 6, compared to the lower one of the two
insulation panels 17.
In the left half of figure 16 a further alternative embodiment is shown which
provides an insulation element 6 extending in its height over two layers of
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
31
insulation panels 17 and having an inclined surface 31 arranged oppositely to
the lateral surface 14 joining the lateral surfaces 19 of the insulation
panels 17
so as to be flush with the lateral surfaces 19.
Apart from the above-described embodiment it also possible for the insulation
layer 5 consisting of more than two layers of insulation panels 17. The
arrangement of sloping insulation panels 8 on the uppermost layer of
insulation
panels 17 is of course also possible and is provided in the embodiment
according to figure 16.
Figure 17 further shows that the insulation element 6 joining an attic 32 for
example, has a steeper slope compared to the insulation element 6 arranged on
the opposite side of the drain opening 8. Both slopes serve to quickly and
directly lead possible precipitation water to the drain opening 8 which
extends
with a tube section 33 thereof through the roof closure 2.
Further it can be seen that the layer 13 terminates flush with the large
surface of
the insulation panel 17 arranged next to the insulation element 6, so that a
planar surface of the insulation layer 5 is produced which is free from
projections that may constitute trip hazards.
Figure 17 further shows that the layer 13 of the insulation element 6 arranged
in
the region of the attic 32 is extended over the large surface of the
insulation
element 6 and almost up to the tube section 33, so that the layer 13 is
supported with a part thereof directly on the surface 3 or on a sealing film
arranged on the surface 3. This construction particularly provides for an
additional protection of the delicate edge region of a mineral fiber
insulation
element 6 against damage.
Figure 18 illustrates a further embodiment of a roof 1 with a roof closure 2
that
consists of several trapezoid metal sheets 26 and a foil covering 4 arranged
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
32
thereon. In addition to the usual insulation panels 17, which are made from
mineral fibers bound with binding agents, figure 18 shows an insulation
element
6 which is comprised of a first layer 11 constructed as an insulation body and
a
second layer 13 from Sorel cement which is arranged on the first layer. The
second layer 13 has compressive strength and bending strength which are
higher compared to the first layer and hence compared to the insulation body.
The insulation element 6 has a slope and connects with its highest lateral
surface 14 to the and flush with the adjacent insulation panel 17, thus
producing
a seamless transition between the large surface of the insulation panel 17 and
the second layer 13 of the insulation element.
Figure 18 further shows the combination of an insulation panel 17, which is
made as usual from mineral fibers bound with binding agents, and an insulation
element 6 arranged next to it and constructed in a sandwich fashion and having
a central insulation body 11 including on each of its two large surfaces a
second
layer 13 from Sorel cement.
From these insulation elements 6 having the two layers 13 from Sorel cement a
walkway and/or driveway can be constructed easily and in an effective way on a
roof 1. Of course, this is also possible with inclined insulation elements 6,
as far
as the inclination of the insulation elements 6 has a dimension which allows
walking and travelling on this area without danger.
A further embodiment is illustrated in figure 19. Figure 19 again shows the
combination of insulation elements 6 with insulation panels 17, wherein the
insulation panels 17 are designed in accordance with the above description,
especially with reference to figure 17. Moreover, the roof 1 illustrated in
figure
19 is designed corresponding to the roof 1 according to figure 18.
The left half of figure 19 shows a first embodiment of an insulation element 6
consisting of a rectangular parallelepiped-shaped layer 11 in the form of an
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
33
insulation body made from mineral fibers bound with binding agents. The
insulation body comprises on its large surface facing the film sealing 4 a
second
layer 13 from Sorel cement. This second layer 13 is also rectangular
parallelepiped-shaped and has a small thickness. Finally, on the opposite
surface of the insulation body a further layer 13 from Sorel cement is
arranged
which has a substantially triangular cross section in one part thereof and
hence
an inclination in the region of its large surface, and a rectangular cross
section
in another part thereof.
The insulation element 6 constructed in this way forms a sloping insulation
panel 9.
The right half of figure 19 shows an alternative embodiment of such an
insulation element 6, wherein a further layer 28 from mineral fibers bound
with
binding agents is additionally provided under the lower second layer 13. A
further difference over the embodiment shown in the left half of figure 19 is
that
in the embodiment of the insulation element 6 according to the right half of
figure 19 the insulation body 11 comprising a first layer 11 is constructed as
a
molded body and includes a slope in a part of its large surface that is
directed
away from the roof closure 2. The second layer 13 arranged thereon is
constructed as a thin layer 13 from Sorel cement. The embodiments according
to figure 19 can be arranged in combination on a roof closure 2, so that the
central region of the juxtaposed insulation elements 6 forms a planar walkway
and/or driveway, whereas the rim zones of the juxtaposed insulation elements 6
are constructed with a slope, so that the two slopes point to each other and
thus
discharge precipitation water to the central region of the two juxtaposed
insulation elements 6.
A further embodiment of a roof 1 with sloping insulation panels 9 is
illustrated in
figure 20.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
34
On the roof closure 2, which is designed corresponding to the roof closure 2
shown in the figures 18 and 19, a first layer of insulation panels 17 is
arranged.
Between two insulation panels 17 an insulation element 6 is arranged including
a first layer 11 constructed as an insulation body and a superposed second
layer 13 from Sorel cement. The second layer 13 from Sorel cement is oriented
so as to face away from the roof closure.
On parts of the first layer of insulation panels 17 a second layer of
insulation
panels 17 is arranged, only one being illustrated in the right half of figure
20.
This insulation panel 17 is joined by a sloping insulation panel 9 including
in the
region of its inclined large surface a second layer 13 from Sorel cement that
extends up an into the region of the large surface of the adjoining insulation
panel 17, so that the large surface of the insulation panel 17 is partly
covered by
the second layer 13. The second layer 13 of this sloping insulation panel 9
overlaps the entire large surface and extends up and into the region of the
second layer 13 of the insulation element 6 arranged underneath.
Figure 20 further shows a system of sloping insulation panels 9 which are
constructed with two layers and each of which including a surface having an
inclination. This surface is overlapped by a second layer 13 from Sorel
cement.
The sloping insulation panels 9 are so designed that they constitute a uniform
and even slope. Here the sloping insulation panel 8 which directly joins the
second layer 13 of the insulation element 6 arranged in the first layer of
insulation panels 17 is arranged so as to be spaced from the opposite sloping
insulation panel 9, so that a channel 34 for discharging precipitation water
into a
drain opening not further shown is formed between these two sloping insulation
panels 9 which are supported with their second layers 13 on the second layer
13 of the insulation element 6 arranged in the first layer of insulation
panels 17.
Figure 21 shows a part of the roof 1 in a perspective view. On a continuous
insulation layer 5 consisting of insulation panels 17 and insulation elements
6,
sloping insulation panels 9 are arranged, wherein two superposed sloping
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
insulation panels 9, which are designed in a pyramid segment shape, constitute
a sloping element 35.
The sloping elements 35 are arranged so as to be distributed with a distance
to
each other over the insulation layer 5, the sloping elements 35 with the lower
sloping insulation panels 9 each adjoining an insulation element 6. The
insulation elements 6, which are juxtaposed with their narrow sides, are
arranged in a line, thus forming with their second layers 13 from Sorel cement
a
walkway and/or driveway.
An embodiment of a roof 1 comparable to figure 21 is illustrated in figure 22,
showing that the second layers 13 are arranged flat on a lower layer of
insulation panels 17. Of course, a connection can be provided between the
second layers 13 and the insulation panels 17 also in this case, and this
connection is made on-site, i.e. during the erection of the roof 1. Figure 22
also
shows a further insulation element 6 including a large surface which is
inclined
relative to the large surface of the insulation panels 17 and which is covered
with a second layer 13 from Sorel cement. The slope is directed towards the
sloping elements 35, so that both the sloping elements 35 comprising the
sloping insulation panels 9 and the insulation element 6 comprising the
inclined
large surface are oriented to a central region 7. The two slopes have,
however,
a different inclination.
In figure 23 a roof 1 with an insulation layer 5 constructed from insulation
panels
17 is shown. On a partial area of the rectangular parallelepiped-shaped
insulation panels 17 a system of sloping insulation panels 9 is arranged. The
sloping insulation panels 9 altogether constitute a flat inclined surface. The
central region of the system composed of sloping insulation panels 9 from
Sorel
cement or having a layer 13 from Sorel cement forms a walkway and/or
driveway. It can be seen that the system of sloping insulation panels 9
comprises several rows of juxtaposed sloping insulation panels 9. These rows
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
36
alternately comprise one or two sloping insulation panels 9 comprising a
second
layer 13 from Sorel cement. The sloping insulation panels 9 of the adjacent
rows are further arranged with staggered joints.
A further embodiment of a roof 1 can be seen in figure 24. An insulation layer
5
against consists of rectangular parallelepiped-shaped insulation panels 17. On
the insulation panel 17 are again arranged sloping insulation panels 9 forming
two systems draining towards the region of a channel 34 by being inclined
towards the channel 34.
Within the channel 34 a third system of sloping insulation panels 9 is
arranged,
which are constructed as a sandwich element and thus comprise an insulation
body having an inclined surface and constituting a first layer 11. On the
inclined
surface a second layer 13 from Sorel cement is disposed, and the two layers
11, 13 are connected to each other.
In figure 25 a further development of the embodiment according to figure 24 is
illustrated, wherein figure 25 merely shows two slope systems 36, 37 which are
arranged on large-format insulation panels 17. The inclinations of the slope
systems 36, 37 are oriented at right angles to each other. A first slope
system
36 joins with its base point the lateral surfaces 14 of the second slope
system
37. The slope systems 36 and 37 can be constructed corresponding to the
embodiment according to figure 24.
In the transition zone between the first slope system 36 and the second slope
system 37 valley elements 38 are added, which consist of mineral fibers bound
with binding agents and which prevent the accumulation of precipitation water
in
this transition zone by draining this precipitation water through this valley
elements 38 corresponding to the inclination of the sloping insulation panels
9
of the slope system 37.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
,
37
It should be noted that all the above-described insulation elements 6, sloping
insulation panels 9, insulation panels 17 and insulation panels 27 as well as
the
sloping elements 35 and/or valley elements 38 are constructed with two or more
layers, wherein at least a second layer 13 consists of Sorel cement or a
similar
pressure-resistant and/or rigid material, so that the above-mentioned elements
are normally suited for being walked on and/or travelled on, without damaging
or destroying the insulation body of these elements.
An embodiment of the slope system 37 comparable to the embodiment of figure
25 is illustrated in figure 27. Differently from the embodiment according to
figure
25 the embodiment according to figure 27 provides for the valley elements 38
being a part of the sloping insulation panels 9. The sloping insulation panels
9
and the valley elements 38 are thus constructed as a molded body.
In the same way also the figures 30 and 31 illustrate a corresponding slope
system 36 and 37, wherein the slope system 37 shown in figure 30 is one which
is inclined in two opposite directions. Figure 31 shows a slope system 36
which
is inclined in two directions in a part thereof, whereas another part thereof
is
inclined only in one direction. For this purpose, the slope system 36
comprises
different sloping insulation panels 8 with valley elements 38 integrally
molded to
the panels 8.
A further advantageous embodiment of the roof 1 is illustrated in figure 26.
In
this figure an insulation layer 5 constructed from insulation panels 17 can be
seen, with a second insulation layer 5 constructed from insulation panels 17
arranged on the first insulation layer. The second, upper insulation layer 5
is
constructed from thinner insulation panels 17. Both insulation layers 5 are
not
equal in area. The upper insulation layer 5 is shorter than the lower
insulation
layer 5. In the front face region of the last insulation panel 17 of the upper
insulation layer 5 a sloping insulation panel 9 having a substantially
triangular
cross section is disposed. This sloping insulation panel 9 includes a large
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
38
surface on which a second layer 13 from Sorel cement is arranged. The rest of
the sloping insulation panel 9 consists of an insulation body which
constitutes a
first layer 11.
On the above-described insulation panel 17 of the upper insulation layer 5 an
additional sloping insulation panel 9 is arranged, which substantially
corresponds to the above-described sloping insulation panel 9 and thus again
includes an insulation body as a first layer 11 and a second layer 13 from
Sorel
cement disposed on an inclined surface of the insulation body.
This sloping insulation panel 9 is joined by further sloping insulation panels
9,
the latter being formed of individual insulation segments 39 having a fiber
orientation at right angles to the large surfaces and being connected to each
other through the second layer 13 from Sorel cement. The longitudinal axis
direction of this insulation segments 39 thus essentially is at right angles
to the
large surfaces of the insulation body 11 formed by these segments. The
individual insulation segments 39 can also be glued to each other, depending
on the fire protection requirements.
All in all this constructions allows a slope being formed over a considerable
length of a roof 1, without requiring a great number of different sloping
insulation
panels 9, since a considerable part of the sloping insulation panels 9 is
composed of insulation segments 39 which are identically constructed with
regard to their material thickness. These insulation segments 39 can be cut at
site. Sloping insulation panels 9 constructed in this way serve to reduce the
cost
of constructing a sloping roof system.
The figures 28 and 29 again illustrate slope systems 36 or 37, figure 28
showing
two slope systems 36 on both sides of an insulation element 6 on an insulation
body as a first layer 11, and a second layer 13 from Sorel cement. The slope
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
39
systems 36 are arranged on insulation panels 17 which constitute an insulation
layer 5.
Figure 29 additionally illustrates angles of the slope systems 36 and 37. The
angle a describes the slope of the slope system 37, whereas the angle p
describes the slope of the slope system 36. The angle a is greater than the
angle p.
Finally, in the figures 32 to 37 different embodiments of a second layer 13 or
of
insulation elements 6 comprising a second layer 13 are shown. The figures 32
to 37 serve to explain the layer that has been described above especially as
the
second layer 13 from Sorel cement. According to figure 32 the second layer 13
can consist for example of a magnesia laminated board comprising at least one
layer of a two-dimensional reinforcement from textile, glass, plastic and/or
natural fibers. The fibers can be interwoven, felted or connected to each
other
with the aid of binding agents. They have a loose structure which is easy for
the
binding agent to penetrate or to be forced into this structure. The two-
dimensional reinforcement means can be used alternately from layer to layer.
Figure 33 shows a further development of an embodiment of the second layer
13 which compared to the embodiment according to figure 32 additionally
includes an externally applied separating layer 41. Such a separating layer 41
can be designed as a layer allowing the penetration of water steam and can be
constituted for example by a plastic film, glass fiber web, random glass or
plastic fiber web or by several ones of such elements. The separating layer
prevents an undesired chemical interaction between the contact surfaces of the
second layer 13 and other structural elements of the roof 1. The separating
layer 41 can further have elastic properties to weaken localized mechanical
stresses. Due to their three-dimensional effect such separating layers 41 can
serve to drain penetrating precipitations, particularly thaw water.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
,
Figure 34 shows a sandwich element comprising a second layer 13 adhered
with the aid of magnesia binders or other adhesives to a magnesia molded body
42 reinforced or filled with single fibers and/or grainy to fine-grained or
floury
additives, whereby a boundary layer 43 is formed. The second layer 13 is
arranged on a first large surface of the molded body 42. Additionally, also
the
second large surface of the molded body 42 may have a second layer 13
arranged thereon, which identically corresponds to or differs from the second
layer 13 arranged on the first large surface. Particularly this additional
second
layer 13 can be constructed according to the figures 32 and 33 and comprise a
reinforcing layer 40. Of course, it is possible that several reinforcing
layers 40
are embedded in the second layer 13 from magnesia.
The figures 35 to 37 again illustrate insulation elements 6 which are
constructed
according to figure 34 and additionally comprise second layers 13 according to
the figures 32 or 33. In this respect figure 35 illustrates an insulation
element 6
formed on both large surfaces comprising a second layer 13, whereas figure 36
illustrates an insulation element 6 in which a corresponding second layer 13
is
only arranged on the inclined large surface. Figure 37 finally illustrates an
insulation element 6 in which the second layer 13 forms an integral part of
the
insulation element 6, so that this layer 13 is worked in the insulation body
already during manufacture. The insulation body can be formed from mineral
fibers bound with binding agents and also from a different insulation
material,
for instance magnesia, in the form of a molded body as shown at pos. 43 in
figure 34.
The invention relates in particular to an insulation panel for a sloping roof
system comprising an insulation body having a planar base and a top surface
as well as lateral surfaces connecting the base to the top surface, the base
being oriented anti-parallel with respect to the top surface, so that the top
surface is inclined at least with respect to the base. The insulation body is
constructed in a sandwich fashion and comprises at least one first layer with
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
41
heat and/or sound insulation properties, particularly from mineral wool,
preferably rock wool, wherein the first layer 11 is connected to the second
layer
13 having mechanical properties, especially a compressive strength and/or
bending strength, different from the first layer and consisting of a material
which
is different from the material of the first layer 11 and at least has a higher
bending stiffness.
The invention moreover relates to an insulation panel of the above-described
kind, wherein the base is rectangular, so that the lateral surfaces 14 are
oriented at right angles to each other.
The invention further relates to an insulation panel in which the second layer
13
is constituted by a molded body from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid
material,
in particular a magnesia binder, for instance from Sorel cement, or from
mixtures of binding agents with magnesia binder, and to an insulation panel in
which at least the first layer 11 is in the form of a rectangular
parallelepiped and
arranged on the molded body constituting the at least second layer 13.
The invention also relates to an insulation panel of the above-described kind,
wherein the at least second layer 13 is rectangular parallelepiped-shaped and
connected to a molded body constituting the at least first layer 11.
The invention further relates to an insulation panel in which the insulation
body
comprises at least one lateral surface 14 which extends parallel to the
inclination and is oriented to the base at an angle deviating from the right
angle.
In the insulation panel according to the invention, the lateral surfaces 14
can
have a height of at least 5 mm.
Also, in the insulation panel according to the invention, the first layer 11
from
mineral wool can have a fiber orientation towards the surface 12.
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42
Further, in the insulation panel, the second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-
resistant material can at least comprise a two-dimensional reinforcement 40
from wovens, non-wovens, rovings from glass, plastic and/or natural fibers.
Also, in the insulation panel, the second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-
resistant material can additionally include amounts of water glass,
organically
modified silicates (ormosiles), silica glass and/or plastic dispersions or
emulsions.
In the insulation panel, the second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-
resistant
material can comprise at least an internal reinforcement 40 from textile,
glass
and/or mineral wool fibers.
Here the second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material can
include
up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, of textile, glass and/or
mineral wool fibers.
In the insulation panel according to the invention, the layers 11, 13 can be
connected to each other, preferably by gluing, or laminated onto each other.
Also, the second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material, in
particular magnesia, can include fine-grained additives from brucite, aluminum
hydroxide and/or titanium oxide, especially in amount of up to 25% by weight.
In the insulation panel, the layers 11, 13 can be arranged one on top of the
other such as to terminate flush with each other.
Also, in the insulation panel, the second layer 13 comprising the surface 12
can
project at least compared to a lateral surface 14 of the first layer 11
comprising
the base.
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43
The second layer 13 comprising the surface 12 can have a material thickness of
approx 2 mm to 25 mm, preferably approx 3 mm to 10 mm.
The pressure-resistant and/or rigid second layer 13 can be formed differently
thick, depending on the mechanical loads occurring during utilization.
On the surface 12 of the insulation body, in particular on the second layer
13, a
cover 15 can be arranged, in particular in the form of a random plastic fiber
web.
The cover 15 can project over at least one, preferably two adjacent lateral
surfaces 14 of the insulation body, preferably of the second layer 13
comprising
the surface 12.
At least one lateral surface 14 of the first layer 11 comprising the base can
at
least partly be formed with a pressure-resistant and/or rigid coating, the
material
of this coating being identical with the material of the pressure-resistant
and/or
rigid second layer.
The first layer 11 comprising the base can be formed in a multipart-fashion
from
segments.
The segments of the first layer 11 can be glued together and/or connected to
each other through the pressure-resistant and/or rigid second layer 13.
The segments can be also arranged on and preferably be connected to a
supporting layer, especially by gluing.
The supporting layer can be made from a material suitable for heat and/or
sound insulation purposes, in particular from mineral fibers.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
44
According to the invention, the insulation body can comprise a first layer 11
with
heat and/or sound insulation properties, particularly from mineral fibers, a
second layer 13 from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid material, particularly
magnesia binder, arranged on the first layer, a third layer 28 with heat
and/or
sound insulation properties, particularly from mineral fibers, arranged on the
second layer and finally a fourth layer from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid
material, particularly from a magnesia binder.
The first layer 11 can be designed to be compressible, the second layer 13 and
the fourth layer can be constructed from an identical material.
The invention moreover relates to a sloping roof system for a flat or a flat
inclined roof, consisting of an insulation layer which is arranged on a
support,
particularly on a sub-roof made of trapezoid metal sheets, with a foil
sealing,
particularly an air barrier, being interposed, wherein the insulation layer is
composed of plate-shaped insulation elements and covered with an outer roof
skin and wherein at least a part of the insulation elements comprises an
insulation body which is designed in a sandwich fashion and comprises at least
a first layer with heat and/or sound insulation properties, particularly from
mineral wool, preferably rock wool, wherein the second layer 13 has mechanical
properties different from those of the first layer, particularly a different
pressure
strength and/or bending strength, and consists of a material different from
the
material of the first layer 11 and at least having a higher bending stiffness.
On the support a plate-like insulation element 6 can be arranged which at
least
comprises a lateral surface 14 which is oriented to a large surface of the
insulation element 6 which is the upper large surface in the insulation layer
5
and to a large surface of the insulation element 6 which is the lower large
surface in the insulation layer 5, at an angle deviating from the right angle.
The
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
lower large surface can be greater than the upper large surface of the
insulation
element 6.
Also, on the support, a plate-like insulation element 6 with a lateral surface
14
can be arranged which is joined by and particularly flush with the surface of
a
molded part having a substantially triangular or trapezoid cross section and
comprising a surface inclined at an angle with respect to the horizontal.
Further the insulation layer 5 can comprise several, at least two layers of
superposed insulation elements, wherein the lateral surfaces of the adjacent
superposed insulation elements which extend at an angle are preferably
oriented so as to be flush.
The insulation layer 5 can comprise several, at least two layers of superposed
insulation elements, wherein the molded parts of adjacent superposed
insulation elements having a triangular or trapezoid cross section are
preferably
oriented to be flush with their surfaces inclined with respect to the
horizontal.
The molded parts can consist of a material suitable for heat and/or sound
insulation purposes and can be particularly made from a material identical
with
the material of the insulation elements.
The angle of the sloping roof system according to the invention can be 450
.
It is also possible for the angles of the superposed insulation elements or
molded parts being smaller towards the support.
The molded parts can be connected, particularly by gluing, to the lateral
surface
of the adjoining insulation element and/or to the insulation element in the
layer
arranged underneath.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
=
46
In the region of its large surface, which is the upper large surface in the
insulation layer, the insulation element can be arched and/or preferably bent
into segments.
The lateral surface can be arched, in particular concavely curved.
According to the invention, the sloping roof system can include a pressure-
resistant and/or rigid layer on a surface of the molded part adjacent to the
lateral surface and/or of the adjacent insulation element, at least in parts
thereof.
The pressure-resistant and/or rigid layer 13 can extend over a part of the
lateral
surface 14.
The pressure-resistant and/or rigid layer 13 can also extend over the lateral
surface 14 up to the support and can be preferably arranged on part of the
support.
In the sloping roof system according to the invention the insulation element
can
have two large surfaces, each comprising a layer 13 from a material which is
different from the material of the layer 11 having heat and/or sound
insulation
properties and which at least has a higher bending stiffness.
Also, in a sloping roof system, a large surface of the insulation body can be
formed as a planar base arranged anti-parallel and at least at an inclination
with
respect to a second large surface of the insulation body, wherein the
insulation
body has lateral surfaces 14 connecting the base to the second large surface.
The base can be rectangular, so that the lateral surfaces 14 are oriented at
right
angles to each other.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
47
Also, in the sloping roof system, the second layer 13 can be formed by a
molded body from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid material, particularly from
a
magnesia binder, for example Sorel cement, or from mixtures of binders with
magnesia binder.
The at least first layer 11 can be rectangular parallelepiped-shaped and can
be
arranged on a molded body constituting the at least second layer 13.
The at least second layer 13 can be rectangular parallelepiped-shaped and can
be connected to a molded body constituting the at least first layer 11.
The insulation body can at least have a lateral surface 14 extending parallel
to
the inclination and being oriented to the base at an angle deviating from the
right angle.
The lateral surfaces can at least have a height of 5 mm.
The first layer 11 from mineral wool can have a fiber orientation towards the
surface.
In the sloping roof system according to the invention the second layer 13
consisting of a pressure-resistant material can at least have a two-
dimensional
reinforcement from wovens, non-wovens, rovings from glass, plastic and/or
natural fibers.
The second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material can
additionally
include amounts of water glass, organically modified silicates (ormosiles),
silica
glass and/or plastic dispersions or emulsions.
The second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material can at least
comprise an interior reinforcement from textile, glass and or mineral wool
fibers.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
48
The second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material can comprise
for up to 40% by weight, preferably up to 25% by weight, textile, glass and/or
mineral fibers.
The layers 11, 13 can be connected, preferably glued to each other or
laminated onto each other.
The second layer 13 consisting of a pressure-resistant material, in particular
of
magnesia binder, can comprise fine-grained additives from brucite, aluminum
hydroxide and/or titanium oxide, particularly in an amount of up to 25% by
weight.
The layers 11, 13 can be arranged one upon the other so as to terminate flush
with each other.
The second layer 13 comprising the surface can project at least with respect
to
the lateral surface 14 or the first layer 11 comprising the base.
The second layer 13 comprising the surface can have a material thickness of
approx 2 mm to 25 mm, preferably approx 3 mm to 10 mm.
The pressure-resistant and/or rigid second layer 13 can be formed differently
thick, depending on the mechanical loads occurring during utilization.
On the surface of the insulation body, particularly on the second layer 13, a
cover 15, particularly in the form of a random plastic fiber web, can be
arranged.
The cover 15 can project over at least one, preferably two adjacent lateral
surfaces 14 of the insulation body, preferably of the second layer 13
comprising
the surface.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
49
At least one lateral surface 14 of the first layer 11 comprising the base can
at
least partly be formed with a pressure-resistant and/or rigid coating, said
coating preferably consisting of a material which is identical with the
material of
the pressure-resisting and/or rigid second layer.
The first layer 11 comprising the base can be constructed in a multipart
fashion
from segments. The segments of the first layer 11 can be adhered to each other
and/or connected to each other through the pressure-resistant and/or rigid
second layer 13.
The segments can be arranged on a supporting layer and can be preferably
connected, particularly glued to the same.
The supporting layer can be constructed from a material suited for heat and/or
sound insulation purposes, in particular from mineral fibers.
The insulation body can comprise a first layer 11 with heat and/or sound
insulation properties, particularly from mineral fibers, a second layer 13
from a
pressure-resistant and/or rigid material, particularly magnesia binder,
arranged
on the first layer, a third layer 28 with heat and/or sound insulation
properties,
particularly from mineral fibers, arranged on the second layer and finally a
fourth
layer from a pressure-resistant and/or rigid material, particularly from a
magnesia binder.
The first layer 11 can be designed to be compressible.
The second layer 13 and the fourth layer can be constructed from an identical
material.
The second surface can include several planes having a different inclination.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
=
The first layer and the second layer can be connected to each other.
The second layer 13 can be formed smaller in area than the first layer 11.
CA 02674956 2009-07-08
51
List of reference numbers
1 roof 29 step
2 roof closure 30 step
3 surface 31 inclined surface
4 film sealing 32 attic
insulation layer 33 tube section
6 insulation element 34 channel
7 central region 35 sloping element
8 drain opening 36 slope system
9 sloping insulation panel 37 slope system
surface 38 valley element
11 layer 39 insulation segment
12 surface 40 reinforcing layer
13 layer 41 separating layer
14 lateral surface 42 molded body
cover 43 boundary surface
16 arrow
17 insulation panel
18 surface
19 lateral surface
base
21 line
22 base element
23 supporting surface
24 valley
tip
26 trapezoid metal sheet
27 insulation panel
28 layer
