Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Description
TRANSPORT STREAM GENERATING APPARATUS, TURBO
PACKET DEMULTIPLEXING APPARATUS, AND METHODS
THEREOF
Technical Field
[1] Aspects of the present invention relate to a transport stream
generating apparatus, a
turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus, and methods thereof, and, more
particularly, to
a transport stream generating apparatus and a turbo packet demultiplexing
apparatus
that include an interleaver of a large size suitable for an advanced vestigial
sideband
(AVSB) system, and methods thereof.
Background Art
[2] With recent development in electronics and communications technologies,
a
broadcasting system field introducing a digital technology and various
published
standards for digital broadcasting has become prevalent. More specifically,
the
Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) vestigial sideband (VSB) standard
is used in the U.S. and the Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial (DVB-T)
standard
is used in Europe.
1131 The ATSC VSB transmission system is based on a National Television
System
Committee (NTSC) frequency band, facilitates communications between a
transmitter
and a receiver, and is economically efficient. The ATSC VSB transmission
system
uses a single carrier amplitude modulation VSB and can ensure transmission of
high
quality video, audio, and auxiliary data with a single 6MHz bandwidth.
[4] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional digital
broadcasting system
according to the ATSC VSB standard. Referring to FIG. 1, a conventional
digital
broadcasting system includes a dual transport stream generating apparatus 10,
a
transmitting apparatus 20, and a receiving apparatus 30.
[5] The dual transport stream generating apparatus 10 receives normal data
and turbo
data from an outside source, and multiplexes the normal data and the turbo
data to
generate a dual transport stream. The dual transport stream generating
apparatus 10
includes an RS encoder 12, a duplicator 14, and a multiplexer 16. The RS
encoder 12
peifonns Reed-Solomon (RS) encoding with respect to the turbo data. The
duplicator
14 prepares a parity insertion area in the RS-encoded turbo data. The
multiplexer 16
multiplexes the turbo data having the parity insertion area and the normal
data to
generate the dual transport stream.
[6] The transmitting apparatus 20 receives the dual transport stream from
the dual
transport stream generating apparatus 10 and up-converts the dual transport
stream
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through processes such as randomizing, RS encoding, interleaving, and
modulating.
The receiving apparatus 30 down-converts the dual transport stream and
recovers an
original signal through processes such as demodulating, equalizing,
derandomizing, RS
decoding, and deinterleaving.
1171 As described above, the conventional digital broadcasting system
generally includes
the dual transport stream generating apparatus 10, the transmitting apparatus
20, and
the receiving apparatus 30, and the dual transport stream generating apparatus
10
generally includes the RS encoder 12, the duplicator 14, and the multiplexer
16.
However, in the conventional digital broadcasting system having the above
structure, if
fading occurs in a mobile channel environment, a good signal reception cannot
be
obtained, and reception performance deteriorates as a result.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical Problem
1181 As described above, a transport stream generating apparatus 100
according to aspects
of the present invention performs an interleaving process (for example, using
a convo-
lutional interleaver) to generate a transport stream, and the transport stream
is
transmitted to a receiving apparatus 300 through a transmitting apparatus 200.
The
receiving apparatus 300 performs a deinterleaving process (for example, using
a con-
volutional deinterleaver) to recover an original broadcast signal from the
received
transport stream. Accordingly, reception performance in the AVSB system can be
improved. The transport stream generating apparatus, the turbo packet
demultiplexing
apparatus, and methods thereof may use an interleaver of a large size suitable
for an
AVSB system, thereby improving a reception performance in the AVSB system.
1191 While not required in all aspects, aspects of the present invention
can be im-
plemented using software encoded on one or more computer-readable media for
use
with one or more computers and/or processors.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[10] These and/or other aspects and advantages of the invention will become
apparent and
more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments,
taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
[11] FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a conventional digital
broadcasting system
according to the ATSC VSB standard;
[12] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a transport stream generating
apparatus
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
11131 FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the interleaver of FIG. 2;
[14] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitting apparatus
according to an em-
bodiment of the present invention;
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[15] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a receiving apparatus according
to an
embodiment of the present invention;
[16] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a turbo packet demultiplexing
apparatus
according to an embodiment of the present invention;
[17] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a transport
stream
according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
[18] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of demultiplexing a
turbo packet
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention
[19] Aspects of the present invention provide a transport stream generating
apparatus and a turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus that include an
interleaver of a large
size suitable for an advanced vestigial sideband (AVSB) system, and methods
thereof.
[20] According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
transport
stream generating apparatus for a digital broadcasting system, the transport
stream generating
apparatus comprising: a Reed Solomon (RS) encoder to RS-encode robust data; an
interleaver
to interleave the RS-encoded robust data; a duplicator to add a parity
insertion area to the
interleaved robust data; and a multiplexer to multiplex normal data and the
robust data
processed by the duplicator to generate a transport stream.
[21] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaver
may adjust
a memory size thereof according to a data transmission rate.
[22] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaver
may be a
convolutional interleaver.
[23] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaver
may set a
number of branches thereof and a memory size thereof to satisfy:
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[24] B*(B -1)*M=N 8 a packet length,
[25] where B is the number of branches, M is the memory size, and N is an
integer.
[26] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
method of generating a transport stream in a digital broadcasting system, the
method
comprising: Reed Solomon (RS)-encoding robust data; interleaving the RS-
encoded robust
data; adding a parity insertion area to the interleaved robust data; and
multiplexing normal
data and the robust data that has the parity insertion area added thereto to
generate a transport
stream.
[27] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaving
may
adjust a memory size of an interleaver performing the interleaving according
to a data
transmission rate.
[28] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaving
may use
a convolutional interleaver.
[29] According to another aspect of the present invention, the interleaving
may set a
number of branches of the interleaver and a memory size of the interleaver to
satisfy:
[30] B*(B-1)*M=N * a packet length,
[31] where B is the number of branches, M is the memory size, and N is an
integer.
[32] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a turbo
packet demultiplexing apparatus that receives a turbo packet in a digital
broadcasting system,
the turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus including: a turbo extractor to
extract turbo data; a
condenser to extract a data area from the extracted turbo data; a
deinterleaver to deinterleave
the extracted data area; and an RS decoder to RS-decode the &interleaved data
area.
[33] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
deinterleaver may
adjust a memory size thereof according to a data transmission rate.
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[34] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
deinterleaver may be
a convolutional deinterleaver.
[35] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
method of demultiplexing a turbo packet in a digital broadcasting system, the
method
5 including: extracting turbo data; extracting a data area from the
extracted turbo data;
deinterleaving the extracted data area; and RS-decoding the deinterleaved data
area.
[36] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
deinterleaving may
adjust a memory size of a deinterleaver performing the deinterleaving
according to a data
transmission rate.
[37] According to another aspect of the present invention, the
deinterleaving may
use a convolutional deinterleaver.
[38] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
transport stream generating apparatus that processes turbo data to generate a
transmission
stream to be transmitted in a digital broadcasting system, the transport
stream generating
apparatus including: an interleaver to interleave the RS-encoded turbo data.
[39] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a turbo
packet demultiplexing apparatus that receives and processes a turbo packet in
a digital
broadcasting system, the turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus including: a
deinterleaver to
deinterleave the extracted data area.
[40] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a digital
broadcasting system including: a transport stream generating apparatus to
generate a transport
stream, the transport stream generating apparatus including: a Reed Solomon
(RS) encoder to
RS-encode turbo data, an interleaver to interleave the RS-encoded turbo data,
a formatter to
add a parity insertion area to the interleaved turbo data, and a multiplexer
to multiplex normal
data and the turbo data processed by the duplicator to generate the transport
stream; and a
turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus to receive the transport stream and to
process the
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turbo data in the transport stream, the turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus
including: a
turbo extractor to extract the turbo data from the received transport stream,
a condenser to
extract a data area from the extracted turbo data, a deinterleaver to
deinterleave the extracted
data area, and an RS decoder to RS-decode the deinterleaved data area.
[41] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is
provided a
method of transmitting turbo data in a digital broadcasting system, the method
including:
Reed Solomon (RS)-encoding the turbo data; interleaving the RS-encoded turbo
data; adding
a parity insertion area to the interleaved turbo data; multiplexing normal
data and the turbo
data to which the parity insertion area is added to generate a transport
stream and transmitting
the transport stream; receiving the transport stream and extracting the turbo
data therefrom;
extracting a data area from the extracted turbo data; deinterleaving the
extracted data area;
and RS-decoding the deinterleaved data area.
[42] Additional aspects and/or advantages of the invention will be set
forth in part
in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the
description, or may be
learned by practice of the invention.
Mode for the Invention
[43] Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments of the
present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying
drawings, wherein
like reference numerals refer to the like elements throughout. The embodiments
are described
below in order to explain the present invention by referring to the figures.
[44] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a transport stream generating
apparatus
100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 2,
the transport
stream generating apparatus 100 includes a Reed Solomon (RS) encoder 110, an
interleaver
120, a duplicator 130, and a multiplexer 140.
[45] The RS encoder 110 RS encodes received turbo data. Specifically, the
RS
encoding calculates parity for the turbo data, and adds the parity to the
turbo data. The RS
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encoding may encode the turbo data with the exception of a synchronization
signal of the
turbo data. The interleaver 120 interleaves the RS-encoded turbo data. The
interleaver 120
adjusts a memory size according to a data rate, which will be described in
detail below with
reference to FIG. 3.
[46] The duplicator 130 adds a parity insertion area to the turbo data
interleaved
by the interleaver 120. The duplicator 130 converts each byte of a turbo
stream according
to a pre-set coding rate, thereby preparing a parity insertion area between
data bits within
the turbo stream. The multiplexer 140 multiplexes normal data and the turbo
data
processed by the duplicator 130, thereby generating a transport stream. The
transport
stream is then transmitted to a transmitting apparatus (not shown), which will
be described
below. The generated transport stream may be a dual transport stream, or a
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multi transport stream.
[47] FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the interleaver 120 of FIG. 2. In
general, 188 byte
packets are used as an input to the transport stream generating apparatus 100
in the
advanced vestigial sideband (AVSB) system. However, it is understood that
aspects of
the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, 187 byte packets
not
including a synchronization signal byte may be used as an input to the
transport stream
generating apparatus 100. N number of RS-encoded packets (where N is an
integer) are
inserted into one field, and accordingly, if a (207,187) RS encoding is
performed for
the 187 byte packets, bytes corresponding to N times 207(9*23) bytes are
inserted into
one field. Also, the RS-encoded 207 byte packet starts from a position of the
field. In
order to perform an RS decoding after deinterleaving, a receiving side
determines the
start position of the RS-encoded 207 byte packet. For this, the RS-encoded
packet may
start from the start position of the field.
[48] In the AVSB system, the RS-encoded packet starts from the start
position of the field
and the N number of packets are inserted in one field (N being an integer). Ac-
cordingly, if the delay of the interleaver 120 is set to be N times the length
of the RS-
encoded 207 byte packet, the receiving side can perform an RS decoding from
the start
position of the field.
[49] The interleaver 120 provided in the transport stream generating
apparatus 100 adjusts
a memory size according to a data rate. Any type of interleaver can be used
for the in-
terleaver 120. For example, an interleaver having a long interleaving depth
(such as a
convolutional interleaver) for the purpose of improving reception performance
even
under fading conditions may be used. FIG. 3 illustrates a structure of the
convolutional
interleaver.
11501 The delay of the convolutional interleaver after interleaving and
deinterleaving is
expressed by the following Equation I:
[51] Equation 1
11521 D=B*(B-1)*M,
[53] where D denotes a delay, B denotes a number of branches, and M denotes
a memory
size.
[54] If the delay D obtained by Equation 1 is set to be N times the length
of the packet
when the convolutional interleaver is designed, the receiving side can
accurately know
where an RS decoding is to be performed. As the number of branches B
increases, per-
formance improves, though it is difficult to reach a maximum delay D.
Accordingly,
the number of branches B and the memory size M can be appropriately adjusted.
For
example, the convolutional interleaver of FIG. 3 has a number of branches (B)
equal to
46, and a memory size (M) equal to 9. Also, in designing the convolutional
interleaver,
the number of branches B is set to have a value by which a transmission data
unit is
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dividable. The transmission data unit is a unit of normal data of VSB, and 52
segments
or 1 field may be selected as a transmission data unit.
11551 Additional coding or interleaving processes may be performed
according to a
transmission data unit. For example, if (207,187) RS-encoded 207 byte packet
data is
to be processed in the unit of one field and transmitted at 1.5 Mpbs, 24
packets can be
transmitted per one field. The total number of bytes of 24 packets is 24x207
bytes, and
this value can be divided by the number of branches B. Accordingly, a
transmitting
side and a receiving side can start the convolutional interleaving and the
convolutional
deinterleaving from a branch corresponding to a start position of the
transmitted data.
11561 The data passing through the convolutional interleaver in the
transmission data unit
may contain an integer number of packets that has undergone an additional
encoding
(such as an RS coding). In this case, if the convolutional interleaver starts
from an
uppermost position at a start position of the transmission data unit, the
interleaver ends
with the last branch at an ending position of the transmission data unit. That
is, the start
position of every transmission data unit is connected to the uppermost
position of the
convolutional interleaver. If the number of branches B is set to be a value by
which the
length of the packets is divisible, the data can be received. Also, if the
start position of
the transmission data unit is connected to the uppermost position of the
convolutional
interleaver having a large memory capacity, the data can be more easily
received.
11571 As described above, if the delay D is set to be N times the packet
length, the
receiving side can accurately know the location of the RS decoding. For
example, if
the number of branches is 46 (B=46) and the memory size is 9 (M=9) as shown in
FIG.
3, a delay D corresponding to N times the packet length is set in the
receiving side after
RS-deinterleaving. In this example, since the delay is N times the packet
length when
the receiver performs the deinterleaving, the branch is connected to the same
position
as the start position of the transmission data unit, and the RS decoding is
additionally
performed with respect to the output signal from the start position according
to the
length of the received packets.
11581 The AVSB system may support 375 Kbps, 500Kbps, 750Kbps, 1Mbps, 1.5
Mbps as
a turbo data transmission mode in view of a data rate. However, it is
understood that
the transmission data rate mode is not limited to the above and may be
variable. The
number of packets per one field in the above-mentioned modes is 6, 8, 12, 16,
and 24,
respectively. In order to make delays caused by the interleaving in all modes
equal,
memory sizes may differ according to the transmission data sizes in the
respective
modes. For example, if the number of branches is 46 and the respective memory
sizes
are 9*3. 9*4, 9*6, 9*8, 9*12 (which are proportional values to the
transmission rates),
and if the delay is divided by the number of bytes (207*6, 207*8, 207*12,
207*16,
207*24) existing in one field, a delay having the same size as the 45 fields
(i.e., B-1 or
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46-1) is generated.
[59] The delays may be made to be equal in order to maintain a constant
reception per-
formance in several modes. As the delay values of the interleaver 120 are made
equal,
it is possible to set the delay value to be N times the 207 bytes of the RS-
encoded
packet and also to reach a desired value. In this case, the receiving side
performs an RS
decoding from the start position of the field, thereby obtaining turbo data.
[60] If the interleaver 120 is designed to interleave (208,188) RS-encoded
188 byte packet
data, the memory size M is adjusted according to a data rate in order to make
the
delays of the data modes equal and/or the number of branches is set to be 52
in order to
connect a start position and an end position of the transmission unit to the
first branch
and the last branch.
[61] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a transmitting apparatus 200
according to an
embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 4, the transmitting
apparatus
200 includes a randomizer 210, a parity area generator 220, a data interleaver
230, a
turbo processor 240, a data deinterleaver 250, a parity area removal unit 260,
and a
modulator 270. As described above, the transmitting apparatus 200 receives the
transport stream from the transport stream generating apparatus 100.
[62] The randomizer 210 randomizes the transport stream received from the
transport
stream generating apparatus 100. The parity area generator 220 adds a parity
area to
the randomized transport stream. The data interleaver 230 interleaves the
transport
stream having the parity area added thereto. The turbo processor 240 detects
turbo data
from the interleaved transport stream and robustly processes the detected
turbo data.
The shown turbo processor 240 includes an N/T demultiplexer 241, an outer
encoder
242, an outer interleaver 243, and an N/T multiplexer 244. The N/T
demultiplexer 241
divides the interleaved transport stream into normal data and turbo data. The
N/T de-
multiplexer 241 then transmits the turbo data to the outer encoder 242 and the
normal
data to the N/T multiplexer 244. That is, the N/T demultiplexer 241 transmits
the
transport stream from which the turbo data is separated to the N/T multiplexer
244.
The outer encoder 242 encodes the turbo data divided by the N/T demultiplexer
241.
The outer interleaver 243 interleaves the encoded turbo data. The N/T
multiplexer 244
inserts the turbo data that has been processed by the outer encoder 242 and
the outer
interleaver 243 into the transport stream from which the turbo data was
separated,
thereby remaking a transport stream in which only the turbo data is robustly
processed.
[63] The data deinterleaver 250 deinterleaves the transport stream that is
output from the
turbo processor 240. The parity area removal unit 260 removes the parity area
from the
deinterleaved transport stream. The modulator 270 channel-modulates the
transport
stream, up-converts the transport stream to an RF channel band signal, and
transmits
the up-converted transport stream. The transmitted transport stream may then
be
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received by a receiving apparatus (not shown) through a channel.
[64] It is understood that all aspects of the present invention are not
limited to the above
construction of the transmitting apparatus 200. For example, according to
other
aspects, the transmitting apparatus 200 may not include the randomizer 210,
the parity
area generator 220 and the parity area removal unit 260, and/or the data
interleaver 230
and the data deinterleaver 25 depending on circumstances. That is, the
transmitting
apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 4 is merely an example of an apparatus for
transmitting
the transport stream generated by the transport stream generating apparatus
100
according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is not limited to the
structure
as described above. It will be apparent to an ordinarily skilled person in the
art that
various types of transmitting apparatuses can be applicable.
[65] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a receiving apparatus 300
according to an em-
bodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 5, the receiving
apparatus 300
includes a demodulator 301, an equalizer 303, a Viterbi decoder 305, a
multiplexer
307, a first data deinterleaver 309, an RS decoder 311, a first derandomizer
313, a
turbo decoder 315, a second data deinterleaver 317, a parity removal unit 319,
a second
derandomizer 321, and a turbo packet demultiplexer 323.
[66] If a transport stream that has been modulated in the form of an RF
signal is received
through a channel, the demodulator 301 detects a synchronization signal from a
baseband signal of the received transport stream, and demodulates the
transport stream.
The equalizer 303 equalizes the demodulated transport stream. Accordingly, it
is
possible to compensate for channel distortion that is caused by a multipath of
the
channel. The Viterbi decoder 305 performs an error correction with respect to
normal
data of the equalized transport stream and decodes an error-corrected symbol,
thereby
outputting a symbol packet. The multiplexer 307 serves as a switch for the
normal data
received from the Viterbi decoder 305 or the turbo decoder 315. The first data
dein-
terleaver 309 deinterleaves the normal data. The RS decoder 311 RS decodes the
dein-
terleaved normal data. The first derandomizer 313 derandomizes the RS-decoded
normal data.
[67] The turbo decoder 315 turbo decodes the turbo data from the transport
stream. The
second data deinterleaver 317 deinterleaves the turbo-decoded turbo data. The
parity
removal unit 319 removes parity from the deinterleaved turbo data. The second
de-
randomizer 321 derandomizes the turbo data from which the parity is removed.
The
turbo packet demultiplexer 323 processes the derandomized turbo data, which
will be
described below with reference to FIG. 6.
[68] It is understood that all aspects of the present invention are not
limited to the above
construction of the transmitting apparatus 200. For example, according to
other
aspects, the receiving apparatus 300 may not include the second data
deinterleaver 317,
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the parity removal unit 319, and/or the second derandomizer 321 depending on
circumstances.
That is, the receiving apparatus 300 of FIG. 5 is merely an example of a
receiver
corresponding to the transmitting apparatus 200 of FIG. 4, and is not limited
to the structure
as described above. As described above, modifications and variations can be
applied to the
5 transmitting apparatus 200 and, accordingly, the receiving apparatus 300
can be modified and
varied.
[69] FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a turbo packet demultiplexing
apparatus
323 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6,
the turbo
packet demultiplexing apparatus 323 includes a turbo extractor 325, a
condenser 327, a
10 deinterleaver 329, and an RS decoder 331. The turbo extractor 325
extracts turbo data from a
transport stream. However, if turbo data is directly input into the turbo
packet demultiplexing
apparatus 323, the turbo extractor 325 may not be operated. The condenser 327
extracts a
data area not including a parity area from the turbo data extracted by the
turbo extractor 325.
However, if the data area is input directly without the parity, the condenser
327 may not be
operated. The deinterleaver 329 deinterleaves the data area extracted by the
condenser 327.
The deinterleaver 329 of the turbo packet demultiplexing apparatus 323
corresponds to the
interleaver 120 of the transport stream generating apparatus 100 of FIG. 2.
Like the
interleaver 120, the deinterleaver 329 adjusts a memory size according to a
data rate. If the
interleaver 120 of the transport stream generating apparatus 100 is a
convolutional interleaver,
the deinterleaver 329 employs a convolutional deinterleaver. The convolutional
deinterleaver
may be designed to be connected in a reverse way to the convolution
interleaver. The RS
decoder 331 RS decodes to the data area of the deinterleaved turbo data.
[70] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method of generating a transport
stream
according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to Fig. 7, the
turbo data is RS
encoded in operation S400, and the RS-encoded turbo data is interleaved in
operation S410.
A convolutional interleaver may interleave the RS-encoded turbo data.
[71] A parity insertion area is added to the interleaved turbo data in
operation S420,
and normal data and the turbo data are multiplexed to generate a transport
stream in operation
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S430. The transport stream generated in operations S400 through S430 is
transmitted to the
transmitting apparatus 200.
[72] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of demultiplexing a turbo
packet
according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 8,
turbo data is
extracted from a transport stream in operation S500. According to other
aspects, the turbo
data is directly input such that the method does not include an extracting
operation.
[73] A data area is extracted from the turbo data in operation S510, and
the
extracted data area is deinterleaved in operation S520. A convolutional
deinterleaver may
deinterleave the extracted data area. The deinterleaved turbo data is RS
decoded and output in
operation S530.
[74] The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred
embodiments set
forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation
consistent with the
description as a whole.
