Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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SUBSTANTIALLY SURFACTANT FREE IN-SHOWER GEL COMPOSITIONS
COMPRISING HYDROPHILIC AND HYDROPHOBIC BENEFIT AGENTS AND
METHODS OF ENHANCING DEPOSITION
The present invention relates to novel compositions, and to a method of
enhancing
deposition of hydrophobic and hydrophilic agents (e.g., trichlorocarbanilide,
mica,
Ti02) using these "gel" type in-shower lotion compositions which are
substantially
surfactant free. The applicants believe that, because these agents (e.g.,
emollients)
are not emulsified, but are rather "suspended" in a structured polymer
network, they
are free to deposit more efficiently and hence enhance benefits associated
with the
deposited materials (e.g., antibacterial, whitening, luminosity, etc.).
Stable, surfactant-free liquid compositions are disclosed in, for example,
U.S. Patent
No. 7,723,278 B2 to Patel et al. As indicated in that disclosure, use of
structurants in
the aqueous phase of these compositions allows preparation of stable
compositions
(e.g. the emulsion will not separate when kept in storage at 40 for at least
2 weeks,
preferably at least 50 for 3 months) without surfactant and requiring only
modest
levels (<14%, preferably 0.1-12%, preferably _<_10% by wt.) of hydrophobic
oil/emollient (typically, higher oil levels help stabilization).
The absence of surfactant means there is no interaction between surfactant and
hydrophobic phase, and permits preparation of relatively clear or transparent
aqueous gels such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,723,278 B2 to Patel.
Unexpectedly, the applicants have now found that use of the substantially
surfactant
free gel compositions also creates enhanced deposition of benefit agents when
such
agents are added to the gels.
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Thus, in one embodiment, the invention relates to gel compositions of the
above-
noted disclosure which additionally comprise specific hydrophobic and
hydrophilic
benefit agents (e.g., trichlorocarbanilide for antimicrobial effect, mica for
whitening). In a second embodiment, the application relates to a method of
enhancing deposition of these materials when applying the noted gel
compositions to skin or other desired substrate.
More specifically, in one embodiment the invention relates to substantially
surfactant free in-shower gel compositions having enhanced deposition of
benefit
agents which the applicants have formulated therein relative to deposition of
the
same agents from surfactant containing lotions. The compositions comprise
greater than 60%, more preferably greater than 65%, up to 90% water and may
have a formulation as follows:
(1) a hydrophobic phase comprising 1 to 14%, preferably 1 to 13%,
more preferably 2 to 12%, more preferably 3 to 11`)/0 by wt. (of total
composition) of a hydrophobic emollient. In preferred embodiments,
the emollient is an oil; preferably said oil is petrolatum
The hydrophobic emollient may or may not be thickened or
structured; and the hydrophobic phase may optionally comprise 0 to
5%, preferably 1-4% by wt. free fatty acid; and
(2) an aqueous phase comprising:
(a) greater than 60%, preferably 65 to 90% by wt. water;
(b) 5 to 25%, preferably 6 to 15% by wt. of a hydrophilic benefit
agent, (especially preferred is glycerin);
(c) 0.1 to 5%, preferably 0.1 to 3% of an aqueous phase polymer
stabilizer; and
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(3) Hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic benefit agent found in aqueous
phase (for hydrophilic) or in hydrophobic phase (e.g., in emollient
oil). The hydrophilic is separate from the agent of 2(b) above;
wherein there is substantially no surfactant (i.e., less than 0.5%, preferably
less
than 0.1, preferably 0 to 0.01% by wt.).
Because of absence of surfactant (emulsifier), the benefit agents of (3) are
dispersed in a polymer network rather than being emulsified and, consequently,
are believed to be more available for deposition. It is believed that when
hydrophobic agents are used, there is particularly good disposition because
the
agent can be deposited along with the hydrophobic carrier (e.g., the
hydrophobic
emollient of (1)).
As indicated, unexpectedly, the applicants have found that gel compositions
comprising these additional benefit agents of (3) deposit the agent more
readily
than if the same agents are found in in-shower surfactant-containing lotions.
Thus, both compositions of the invention (comprising the benefit agent of (3))
and
the method of depositing agents from these compositions are believed to be
novel
and unpredictably efficacious inventions.
In a second embodiment, the application relates to a method of enhancing
deposition of hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic benefit agents (separate from the
hydrophobic emollients and/or hydrophilic moisturizing agents forming the gel
composition) from the gel. Deposition of these agents, in turn, provides
methods
of, for example, enhancing whitening, providing sun protection factor,
providing
tanning and bronzing benefits, providing antibacterial effect, and/or
providing
luminosity or color benefit (e.g., all through the depositing of various
particles from
the gels).
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These and other aspects, features and advantages will become apparent to those
of ordinary skill in the art from a reading of the following detailed
description and
the appended claims. For the avoidance of doubt, any feature of one aspect of
the present invention may be utilized in any other aspect of the invention. It
is
noted that the examples given in the description below are intended to clarify
the
invention and are not intended to limit the invention to those examples per
se.
Other than in the experimental examples, or where otherwise indicated, all
numbers expressing quantities of ingredients or reaction conditions used
herein
are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term "about".
Similarly, all
percentages are weight/weight percentages of the total composition unless
otherwise indicated. Numerical ranges expressed in the format "from x to y"
are
understood to include x and y. When for a specific feature multiple preferred
ranges are described in the format "from x to y", it is understood that all
ranges
combining the different endpoints are also contemplated. Where the term
"comprising" is used in the specification or claims, it is not intended to
exclude any
terms, steps or features not specifically recited. All temperatures are in
degrees
Celsius ( C) unless specified otherwise. All measurements are in SI units
unless
specified otherwise.
The invention is further described by way of example only with reference to
the
accompanying Figures, in which:
- Figure 1 (composition of Example 5) shows results of benefit agent
deposition (i.e., TCC) from substantially surfactant-free in shower gel of the
invention. Specifically pig skin was first washed with antimicrobial free
soap, and
the gel of invention was subsequently applied as set forth in the protocol.
Residual antibacterial (e.g., triclorocarban) was measured after rinsing to
determine residual antibacterial on skin and thereby determine deposition.
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As seen from Figure 1(a), levels of deposition (measured by residual TOO) vary
depending on whether deposition was from a gel of the invention or from a
lotion.
The same results can be seen in Figure 1(b).
In both cases, it can be seen that deposition of antibacterial (measured by
higher
residual amounts after rinsing) is superior from gels of the invention.
- Figure 2 measured (a) % of panelists who noticed whitening and (b)
actual measured color change (measured by AE) for formulation of Example 1,
i.e., gel formulation of invention when comprising 0.5% hydrophobically
modified
Ti02(B) or 1`)/0 Ti02(0) instead of TOO. This was compared to gel without oil
dispersable TiO2 (A) as well as to lotions D, E, F, and analogous to A, B & C,
respectively. Lotion is the same as lotion base of Example 5, but using TiO2
instead of TOO. As is clearly seen, gel formulation enhanced deposition of
hydrophobic Ti02, as seen from whitening observations and measured AE results.
- Figure 3 shows results of a gel of invention comprising mica versus a
lotion comprising mica when measuring increase in shine/luminosity
(reflectance).
Again, this is gel base of Example 5, but with mica added instead of TOO. The
shine/luminosity was measured post wash at various points and, as seen,
enhancement from gel was significantly higher.
- Figure 4 is a schematic showing how, the applicants believe, difference
in
gel and lotion is established. The absence of emulsifier/surfactant in the gel
permits emollients to not be emulsified. Thus, hydrophobic agents (which may
or
may not be in the emollient) can now readily deposit from emollient or polymer
network; and hydrophilic agent can also more readily deposit from the polymer
network.
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In one embodiment, the present invention relates to substantially surfactant-
free in
shower gel compositions comprising hydrophobic and hydrophilic benefit agents.
The applicants have found that, when those agents are formulated into the
substantially surfactant free gels, there is enhanced deposition or
substantivity of the
benefit agent (as measured, for example, by recovery of trichlorocarbanilide
from pig
skin).
The compositions of the invention are liquid compositions which are used, for
example, in the shower and are commonly referred to as shower gel
compositions.
The compositions of the invention are similar to those described in U.S.
Patent No.
7,723,278 B2 to Patel and, as noted therein, comprise substantially no
surfactant
emulsifier, yet remain stable (i.e., show no phase separation of the emollient
phase
from the oil-in-water emulsion after 3 months at 40 C). The compositions of
the
subject invention, however, must additionally comprise the benefit agent which
applicants have found deposit much better from the gels than from surfactant
containing lotions.
The compositions of the invention use aqueous phase stabilizer to provide
stability.
As described above, by using aqueous phase stabilizers rather than surfactant
to
provide stability, there is little or no surfactant to emulsify oil in the oil
phase and less
oil can be used (i.e., 1 to 14%, preferably 1 to 13%, preferably 2 to 12%,
more
preferably 3 to 11% by wt.) to provide moisturisation.
Unexpectedly what the applicants have found is that these same compositions,
in
which there is relatively low oil and in which surfactant is substantially
absent, will
provide for enhanced deposition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic benefit agents,
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(i.e., trichlorocarbanilide, mica) compared to if the same agents had been
used in
surfactant-containing in-shower lotions.
By compositions having "substantially no surfactant" is meant compositions
which
have less than 1`)/0, preferably less than 0.5%, preferably less than 0.2%,
more
preferably less than 0.1% surfactant. In some compositions, surfactant may be
absent altogether. By surfactant is meant anionic, nonionic, cationic and
amphoteric surfactants as are known in the art. This also includes soap
surfactants.
The compositions of the invention are defined in more detail below.
Hydrophobic Phase
Emollient/Oil
The hydrophobic emollients of the invention are typically skin compatible
oils, by
which is meant oils that are liquid at temperature at which bathing is carried
out,
and which are safe for use in cosmetics because they are inert to the skin or
actually beneficial. Examples of such skin compatible oils include ester oils,
hydrocarbon oils and silicone oils.
Ester oils as the name implies have at least one ester group in the molecule.
One
type of common ester oil useful in the present invention are the fatty acid
mono
and polyesters such as cetyl octanoate, octyl isonanoanate, myristyl lactate,
cetyl
lactate, isopropyl myristate, myristyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,
isopropyl
adipate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate, cholesterol isostearate, glycerol
monostearate, glycerol distearate, glycerol tristearate, alkyl lactate, alkyl
citrate
and alkyl tartrate; sucrose ester, sorbitol ester, and the like.
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A second type of useful esters oil is predominantly comprised of triglycerides
and
modified triglycerides. These include vegetable oils such as jojoba, soybean,
canola, sunflower, safflower, rice bran, avocado, almond, olive, sesame,
persic,
castor, coconut, and mink oils. Synthetic triglycerides can also be employed
provided they are liquid at room temperature. Modified triglycerides include
materials such as ethoxylated and maleated triglyceride derivatives, provided
they
are liquids. Proprietary ester blends such as those sold by Finetex as
Finsolv0
are also suitable, as is ethylhexanoic acid glyceride.
A third type of ester oil is liquid polyester formed from the reaction of a
dicarboxylic acid and a diol. An example of polyesters suitable for the
present
invention is the polyesters marketed by ExxonMobil under the trade name
PURESYN ESTER .
A second class of skin compatible oils suitable for the present invention is
liquid
hydrocarbons. These include linear and branched oils such as liquid paraffin,
squalene, squalane, mineral oil, low viscosity synthetic hydrocarbons such as
polyalphaolefin sold by ExxonMobil under the trade name of PureSyn PAO and
polybutene under the trade name PANALANE0 or INDOPOL0. Light (low
viscosity) highly branched hydrocarbon oils are also suitable.
Petrolatum is a unique hydrocarbon material and a useful component of the
present invention. Since it is only partially comprised of a liquid fraction
at room
temperature, it may be regarded as "structured oil phase" when present by
itself or
alternatively as a "structurant" when admixed with other skin compatible oils.
A third class of useful skin compatible oils is silicone based. They include
linear
and cyclic polydimethyl siloxane, organo functional silicones (alkyl and alkyl
aryl),
and amino silicones. Silicones may include pre-made emulsions such as Silicone
1788 from Dow Chemical.
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= In one embodiment of the invention, the emollient or oil may be
structured to
create a structured oil phase. As indicated above, petrolatum may itself be
considered a 'Structured Phase".
The structurant may, for example, be either an organic or inorganic
structurant.
Preferred inorganic structurants are hydrophobically modified silica or
hydrophobically modified clay with particle size less than 1 micrometer.
Examples
are Bentone 27V114, Bentone 38Vrm or Bentone gel MIO VTM from Rheox, and Cab-O-
S1ITM
TS720 or Cab-O-Sil M5 from Cabot Corporation.
= The organic structurants are either crystalline solids or amorphous gels
with
molecular weight less than 5,000 Daltons, preferably less than 3,000 Daltons.
Preferred organic structurants have a melting point greater than 35 C,
preferably
greater than 40 C. Especially preferred structurants are those that can form a
solution with the selected skin compatible oil at a temperature higher than
their
melting point to form a free flowing clear solution. Upon cooling to the
ambient
temperature, the organic structurant precipitate from the oil phase to form a
3-
dimensional crystal structure providing the physical properties set forth
above.
Examples of organic thickeners suitable for the invention are solid fatty acid
esters, natural or modified fats, fatty acid, fatty amine, fatty alcohol,
natural and
synthetic waxes, and petrolatum. Petrolatum is a preferred organic structuring
agents.
= Particularly preferred organic structurants are solid fatty acid esters
and
petrolatum. Examples of solid fatty esters are mono, di or tri glycerides
derivatives
of palm itic acid, stearic acid, or hydroxystearic acid; sugar fatty ester or
fatty
esters of dextrin. Examples of these polyol fatty acid esters are described in
U.S.
Patents 5,427,704, 5,472,728, 6,156,369, 5,490,995 and EP Patent 398 409.
=
=
=
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Trihydroxystearin sold under the trade name of
THIXCINTm R from Rheox Corporation is found particularly useful for
structuring
triglyceride ester oils.
, The level of structurant present in a structured oil phase can be in the
range of 1
to 90%, and depends on the type of structurant used and the nature of the skin
compatible oil. For solid organic structurants such as trihydroxystearin, the
preferred level is 3 to 15%. Preferably, the exact levels used should provide
a
stable network having the desired viscosity in the range of 100 to 5000 poise
measured at a shear rate of 1 Sec-1 at 25 C and can be readily optimized by
one
skilled in the art.
The hydrophobic emollient (e.g., oil phase), as noted above, need not be
structured or thickened. This is simply one embodiment since un-thickened oils
may also be used. It is Surprising that un-thickened oil stays stabilized
simply
because of stabilizer in aqueous phase.
The emollient oil found in and/or comprising the hydrophobic phase of the
invention comprises Ito 14%, preferably Ito 13%, more preferably 2 to 12%,
more preferably 3 to 11% by wt. of the total liquid composition of the
invention. In
a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the oil comprises 3 to
7% of
the composition and a preferred oil is petrolatum.
In addition the hydrophobic phase may comprise 0 to 5%, preferably 1 to 4% by
wt. total composition fatty acid (e.g., saturated or unsaturated C14-C24 fatty
acid).
Preferred fatty acids include oleic acid and isostearic acid.
Aqueous Phase
Compositions of the invention also comprise an aqueous phase as noted below.
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The aqueous phase typically comprises at least 60%, preferably greater than
60%, more preferably greater than 65% by wt. water. In an embodiment, the
aqueous phase may comprise up to 90 % water.
The aqueous phase further comprises 0% to 25%, preferably 5 to 25%, preferably
7 to 20% by wt. of a hydrophilic moisturizer or skin benefit agent. Examples
of
such compounds are polyols such as linear and breached chain alkyl
polyhydroxyl
compounds. These include, for example, propylene glycol, sorbitol and
glycerin.
Also polymeric polyols are useful, such as polypropylene glycol, polyethylene
glycol, butylene glycol and so forth.
The aqueous phase further must comprise 0.1 to 10%, preferably 0.2 to 2.0% by
wt. of a stabilizer.
Aqueous dispersion stabilizers useful in the instant invention can be organic,
inorganic or polymeric stabilizers. Specifically, the compositions comprise
0.1 to
10% by wt. of an organic, inorganic or polymeric stabilizer which should
provide
physical stability of the oil droplets, in the composition at 37 C, 40 C or
preferably
50 C for at least 3 months.
Inorganic dispersion stabilizers suitable for use in the invention include,
but are
not limited to, clays, and silicas. Examples of clays include smectite clay
selected
from the group consisting of bentonite and hectorite, and mixtures thereof.
Synthetic hectorite (laponite) clay used in conjunction with an electrolyte
salt
capable of causing the clay to thicken (alkali and alkaline earth salts such
as
halides, ammonium salts and sulfates) are particularly useful. Bentonite is a
colloidal aluminum clay sulfate. Examples of silica include amorphous silica
selected from the group consisting of fumed silica and precipitated silica and
mixtures thereof.
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Organic dispersion stabilizers are defined here as organic molecules that have
a
molecular weight generally lower than 1000 Daltons and form a network in the
aqueous phase that immobilizes the dispersed oil phase. This network is
comprised either of amorphous solids, crystals, or liquid crystalline phase.
Suitable organic dispersion stabilizers for the instant invention are well
know in the
art and include, but are not limited to any of several types of long chain
acyl
derivatives or mixtures thereof. Included are the glycol mono- di- and
triesters
having about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred glycol esters include the
ethylene glycol mono- and distearates, glyceryl stearates, palm oil glyceride,
tripalmitin, tristearin and mixtures thereof.
Other examples of organic dispersion stabilizers are alkanolam ides having
from
about 14 to about 22 carton atoms. Preferred alkanolamides are stearic
monoethanolamide, stearic diethanolamide stearic monoisopropanolamide,
stearic monoethanolamide stearate and mixtures thereof.
Still another class of useful dispersion stabilizer is long chain fatty acid
esters
such as stearyl stearate, stearyl palmitate, palmityl palmitate,
trihydroxystearylglycerol and tristearylglycerol.
Another type of organic dispersion stabilizers is the so-called emulsifying
waxes
such as mixtures of cetostearyl alcohol with polysorbate 60, cetomacriogol
1000,
cetrimide; a mixture of glycerol monostearate with a stearic soap, and
partially
neutralized stearic acid (to form a stearate gel).
Still another example of a suitable dispersion stabilizing agent is long chain
amine
oxides having from about 14 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred amine oxides
are hexadecyldimethylamine oxide and octadecyldimethylamide oxide.
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Example of a suitable polymeric dispersion stabilizing agents useful in the
present
invention include: carbohydrate gums such as cellulose gum, microcrystalline
cellulose, cellulose gel, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,
sodium
carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxymethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, carrageenan,
hydroxymethyl carboxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, guar
gum, gum karaya, gum tragacanth, gum arabic, gum acacia, gum agar, xanthan
gum and mixtures thereof. Preferred carbohydrate gums are the cellulose gums
and xanthan gum.
Especially preferred types of polymeric dispersion stabilizer agent include
acrylate
containing homo and copolymers. Examples include the crosslinked poly
acrylates sold by B. F. Goodrich under the CARBOPOLTM trade name; the
hydrophobically modified cross linked polyacrylates sold by B. F. Goodrich
under
the PEMULENTm trade name; and the alkali swellable acrylic latex polymers sold
by Rohm and Haas under the ARYSOLTM or ACULYNTM trade names.
The above dispersion stabilizers can be used alone or in mixtures and may be
present in an amount from about 0.1 wt.% to about 10 wt.% of the composition.
Separate Benefit Agent
The next required component of our invention is hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic
benefit agents, separate from the hydrophobic emollient (e.g., oil,
petrolatum) or
the hydrophilic moisturizing agent (e.g., glycerol) noted above.
Specifically, the agent can be a hydrophobic benefit agent (e.g., TiO2 or TCC)
either separately forming part of hydrophobic phase or part of other
hydrophobic
benefit agent, (e.g., hydrophobic particle in the petrolatum). These benefit
agents
(e.g., TiO2 or iron oxide particles) will deposit particularly well because
the
petrolatum itself for example, is not emulsified and will readily deposit.
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Alternatively, the agent can be a hydrophilic agent (e.g., mica) which is in
the
aqueous phase. Of course the mica may be hydrophobically modified and form
part
of hydrophobic phase, or be part of hydrophobic benefit agent as noted above.
Other optional ingredients include preservatives (e.g., parabens, sorbic
acid); suds
boosters (e.g., coconut acyl monoor diethanolamide); antioxidants; cationic
conditioners (e.g., MerquatO and Jaguar type conditioners); exfoliates;
ionizing
salts; organic acids (e.g., citric or lactic acid).
The pH of the compositions is typically about 5.5 to 6.5, preferably 5.75 to
6.25.
In a second embodiment of the invention, the invention relates to a method of
enhancing deposition of hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic benefit agents from the
gel
compositions of the invention.
In one aspect of this second embodiment, for example, the invention relates to
a
method of enhancing whitening by applying, for example, 0.01-3% by wt. TiO2
(or
other whitening particles) to compositions of the invention.
Whitening effect is seen from whitening observations and AE studies.
In a second aspect of the second embodiment, the invention relates to a method
of
enhancing sun protection factor (SPF) by applying 0.01-3% by wt. TiO2 as
component (c). Again, enhanced deposition of TiO2 leads to SPF effect.
In a third aspect of the second embodiment, the invention relates to a method
of
providing/enhancing antibacterial effect by applying, for example, 0.01-3% by
wt.
TCC (or other antibacterial particles) to compositions of the invention.
In a fourth aspect of this second embodiment, the invention relates to a
method of
providing enhanced luminosity or color benefit by applying, for example, 0,01-
3% by
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wt. of mica. This can be measured by measuring reflectance using a
spectrophotometer as described in the examples.
In yet another aspect of the second embodiment, the invention relates to a
method of
enhancing/providing tanning or bronzing by applying, for example, 0.01 to 3%
by wt.
iron oxide.
The following examples will more fully illustrate the embodiment of the
invention and
are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
Protocol for Example 5 (trichlorocarbanilide)
Stability is measured by placing product on shelf at 37 C or 40 C, preferably
at 50 C
for at least 3 months to observe whether the oil phase visually separates from
the
emulsion.
Deposition for Antimicrobial (e.g., for Trichlorocarbanilide or TCC).
The protocol steps are as noted below.
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(a) Wash skin with antimicrobial free soap: massage 8% w/w aqueous
soap slurry into a coin sized (e.g., quarter) piece pig skin using a
latex gloved fingertip (product dosage ¨ 0.02 g/cm2) for 1 minute;
rinse by immersing the piece of pig skin in a vial containing about 10
ml water and manually shake for 5 seconds; repeat with a fresh vial
of water;
(b) In-shower lotion application: without drying the piece of pig skin,
apply the neat gel or lotion at a dosage of 0.02 g/cm2 and massage
into the skin using a gloved fingertip for 30 seconds; rinse using the
protocol outlined in (a) above;
(c) TCC analysis: Allow the pig skin samples to air dry for 1 hour, then
immerse in acetone for 1 hour to extract deposited TCC; analyze for
TCC by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Control and Examples 1-4
The following Examples 1-4 are examples of the gels of the invention, the
balance
of the compositions being water.
Function Gel Base Example 1 Example 2 Example
3 Example 4
Control (Whitening (Luminosity)
(Tanning/ (anti-microbial)
SPF) Bronzing)
Polymer Ultrez 21 = 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.30% 0.30%
Emollients Glycerine 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00% 10.00%
Petrolatum 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00% 5.00%
Fatty Acid (oleic 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00% 3.00%
acid/lsostearic
acid)
Preservatives LiquaparTM MEP 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 0.75%
VerseneTM 100 XL 0.050% 0.050% 0.050% 0.050% 0.050%
pH Adjust Sodium 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 0.13%
Hydroxide
Actives Hydrophobically 0.1-2%
Modified TiO2
Mica 0.1-2%
Iron Oxide 0-2%
TCC 0.1-1%
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Example 5 ¨ Improved Antibacterial results using gel
Examples of both base lotion (comparative) and gel (where enhanced deposition
of AB occurs) are set forth below:
In-shower liquids (ISLs)
Polymers & Emulsifiers Lotion base + Gel base +0.05,
0.1% TCC 0.2% or 1.0%
TCC
Acrylate 010-12 Alkyl Acrylates 0.263%
Crosspolymer
Acrylates 010/30 Alkyl Acrylate 0.15% 0.30%
Crosspolymer
Xanthan Gum 0.15%
Decyl Glucoside 0.95%
Emollients
Glycerin 10.00% 10.00%
Petrolatum (G2212) 7.50%
Petrolatum Liquid 5.00%
Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides 0.70%
Octyldodecanol 0.25%
Hydrogenated Polydecene 0.25%
Soybean (or Sunflower) oil 2.50%
Lauric Acid 0.50%
Oleic Acid 0.50% 3.00%
Water To 100% To 100%
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As seen from Figure 1, when antibacterial is in the gel of invention, there is
superior deposition. This is seen from residual TOO after rinsing, as it can
be
seen that 0.05% TOO deposited about 3 times amount (3 pg/cm2 versus 1pg/cm2)
as the lotion at 0.1% TOO. At 0.2% TOO, recovery was at about 8 pg/cm2.
In Figure 1(b), again it can be seen that percent recovery is much higher when
using gel versus lotion.
Example 6¨ Improved Whitening using Gel
In Example 6, applicant used either 0.5% or 1% TiO2 in gel composition of
invention with oil. The gel and lotion compositions were substantially the
same as
used in Example 5. The gel compositions of the invention are samples B & C
(Example A was gel water dispersion). The lotion compositions are samples D, E
& F. Again, whether (:)/0 of panelists noticing whiteness or measured color
change,
using AE, the results can be clearly observed in Figures 2(a) and 2(b).
A more detailed summary of the example and protocol is as follows:
The TiO2 study was to determine (1) (:)/0 of panelists noticing whiteness; and
(2)
color change, measured using AE results.
For purposes of this test, panelists measured whiteness by self-assessment and
AE was measured using a chromameter.
Specifically for each panelist, six sites on each panelists' forearms were
washed
(one area was untreated) with each product. Base line measurements were taken
with the chromameter before product application. Also, standard prewash was
performed with Dove white bar. 0.5 ml of product was applied to the set test
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area and rubbed for about 30 seconds. The test site was rinsed for 15 seconds
and allowed to dry. Chromameter readings and self assessment were taken 10
minutes after the wash. In a typical panel, 31 female panelists, about ages 20-
51
were selected.
As indicated chromameter readings were taken both at baseline and about 10
minutes after wash and self assessments were taken 10 minutes after the wash.
Delta E is calculated from chromameter readings and significance between Delta
E values was set at p <0.05.
As seen from results in Figure 2(a), based on self assessment results, 95-100%
of
the panelists clearly noted whitening after treatment with gel comprising TiO2
when delivered as gel oil dispersion (samples B & C). These results were
confirmed using measured AE results.
Example 7 ¨ Improved Shimmer and Shine (e.g., luminosity or reflectance) Using
Gel
In Example 7, applicants sought to show improvements wherein, for example,
mica was deposited from a gel versus a lotion. Again, gel and lotion
compositions
were substantially similar to those used in Example 5, except for use of mica
instead of TOO.
More specifically, the gel and lotion of this example comprises as follows:
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Ingredient Lotion % Gel %
Acrylate 010-12 aklyl acrylates 0.263
cross-polymer
Acrylate 010/030 aklyl acrylate 0.15 .30
cross-polymer
Xanthan gum 0.15
Decyl glucoside 0.95
Glycerin 10.00 10.00
Petrolatum 7.5
Petrolatum liquid 5.00
Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides 0.70
Octyldodecanol 0.25
Hydrogenated Polydecene 0.25
Sunflower oil 2.5
Lauric acid 0.5
Oleic acid 0.5 3.00
Mica 04 0.25
Water, preservatives, colorants, To 100 To 100
perfume
According to the test, baseline measurements with a spectrophotometer 2600d
were taken and self assessment completed before product application. Four
sites
on each panelists' forearm were washed with each product. Sites were allowed
to
dry (about 20 minutes) and spectrophotometer readings taken. Reflectance
visual
gradings of shine were performed and self-assessment completed. This was
repeated for four (4) days.
Reflectance was obtained from measurements taken from the spectrophotometer.
Two readings were taken from each site and averaged. Panelists were also
asked to evaluate glow/shine and shimmer on a 5-point scale.
Specifically, reflectance was calculated for each measurement by summing
values
for SCE and SCI across each wavelength and subtracting SCE (specular
component excluded) from SCI (specular component included). The values for the
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two measurements at each site were then averaged. Change from baseline, area
under curve and significance were then determined. Visual grading data was
averaged at each timepoint and compared to the ideal amount of shine.
The results for reflectance are noted in the table below.
Baseline Tues Wed Post Thurs AUG
Post Wash Post
Wash Wash
Gel 0.0 2.8 2.1 1.8 5.8
w/0.25
mica
Lotion 0.0 1.0 1.1 1.9 3.1
w/0.4
mica
R-Values resulting from Ttest Comparisons
Lotion 0.2% Mica Gel 0.45% Lotion
Mica 0.4%
Mica
Gel 0.25% Mica 0.013* 0.271 0.007*
Lotion 0.2% Mica 0.001* 0.871
Gel 0.45% Mica 0.003*
*Indicate a significant p-value (<0.05)
As seen from the Table and charted on Figure 3, significant enhancement in
shine/luminosity (reflectance) is seen when using gel versus lotion.
Example 8 ¨ Improved Bronzing
Again using substantially similar composition of Example 5, but substituting
0.5
iron oxide for TCC, applicants saw enhanced bronzing effect when the iron
oxide
was deposited from gel compared to if no iron oxide was deposited from gel.
