Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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COMPOSITION
The present invention relates to a concentrated shampoo composition.
Despite the prior art there remains the need for improved concentrated shampoo
compositions.
Accordingly, the present invention provides a concentrated shampoo composition
comprising from 25 to 70% by weight alkali metal alkylether sulphate and a
short
chain diol.
The short chain diol reduces the viscosity of the composition thus providing a
concentrated shampoo composition with an acceptable rheology profile.
Preferably, the short chain diol has from 3 to 7 carbon atoms and more
preferably
3 or 4 carbon atoms.
More preferably, the short chain diol is selected from 1, 2 butylene glycol,
1, 3
butylene glycol, 1,4 butylene glycol, 1, 2 propylene glycol, 1, 3 propylene
glycol
and mixtures thereof. Especially, preferably, the short chain diol is selected
from
1, 3 butylene glycol and 1, 2 propylene glycol.
In the most preferred embodiment the short chain diol is 1, 3 butylene glycol.
The alkyl groups generally contain from 8 to 18, preferably from 10 to 16
carbon
atoms and may be unsaturated though it is preferred that they are saturated.
The
alkyl ether sulphates thereof may contain from 1 to 20 ethylene oxide units
per
molecule, preferably from 1 to 3 and most preferably 1 ethylene oxide unit.
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The most preferred anionic cleansing surfactant is sodium lauryl ether
sulphate
(n)EO, (where n is from 1 to 3).
Mixtures of any of the foregoing anionic cleansing surfactants may also be
suitable.
The total amount of anionic cleansing surfactant in compositions of the
invention
generally ranges from 20 to 70%, preferably from 27 to 60%, more preferably
from
30 to 56% by total weight anionic cleansing surfactant based on the total
weight of
the composition.
Optionally, a composition of the invention may contain further ingredients as
described below to enhance performance and/or consumer acceptability.
The composition can include co-surfactants, to help impart aesthetic, physical
or
cleansing properties to the composition.
An example of a co-surfactant is a nonionic surfactant, which can be included
in an
amount ranging from 0.5 to 20%, preferably from 0.7 to 6% and most preferably
from 1 to 3% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
For example, representative nonionic surfactants that can be included in
shampoo
compositions of the invention include condensation products of aliphatic (C8 -
C18)
primary or secondary linear or branched chain alcohols or phenols with
alkylene
oxides, usually ethylene oxide and generally having from 6 to 30 ethylene
oxide
groups.
Other representative nonionic surfactants include mono- or di-alkyl
alkanolamides.
Examples include coco mono- or di-ethanolamide and coco mono-
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isopropanolamide. A particularly preferred nonionic surfactant is coco mono-
ethanolamide.
Further nonionic surfactants which can be included in shampoo compositions of
the
invention are the alkyl polyglycosides (APGs). Typically, the APG is one which
comprises an alkyl group connected (optionally via a bridging group) to a
block of
one or more glycosyl groups. Preferred APGs are defined by the following
formula:
RO - (G)n
wherein R is a branched or straight chain alkyl group which may be saturated
or
unsaturated and G is a saccharide group.
R may represent a mean alkyl chain length of from about C5 to about C20.
Preferably R represents a mean alkyl chain length of from about C8 to about
C12.
Most preferably the value of R lies between about 9.5 and about 10.5. G may be
selected from C5 or C6 monosaccharide residues, and is preferably a glucoside.
G
may be selected from the group comprising glucose, xylose, lactose, fructose,
mannose and derivatives thereof. Preferably G is glucose.
The degree of polymerisation, n, may have a value of from about 1 to about 10
or
more. Preferably, the value of n lies from about 1.1 to about 2. Most
preferably the
value of n lies from about 1.3 to about 1.5.
Suitable alkyl polyglycosides for use in the invention are commercially
available and
include for example those materials identified as: Oramix NS1 0 ex Seppic;
Plantaren
1200 and Plantaren 2000 ex Henkel.
Other sugar-derived nonionic surfactants which can be included in compositions
of
the invention include the C10-C18 N-alkyl (C1-C6) polyhydroxy fatty acid
amides, such
as the C12-C18 N-methyl glucamides, as described for example in
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WO 92 06154 and US 5 194 639, and the N-alkoxy polyhydroxy fatty acid amides,
such as C10-C18 N-(3-methoxypropyl) glucamide.
A preferred example of a co-surfactant is an amphoteric or zwitterionic
surfactant,
which can be included in an amount ranging from 0.5 to about 10%, preferably
from
1 to 6% by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
Examples of amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants include alkyl amine oxides,
alkyl
betaines, alkyl amidopropyl betaines, alkyl sulphobetaines (sultaines), alkyl
glycinates, alkyl carboxyglycinates, alkyl amphoacetates, alkyl
amphopropionates,
alkylamphoglycinates, alkyl amidopropyl hydroxysultaines, acyl taurates and
acyl
glutamates, wherein the alkyl and acyl groups have from 8 to 19 carbon atoms.
Typical amphoteric and zwitterionic surfactants for use in shampoos of the
invention
include lauryl amine oxide, cocodimethyl sulphopropyl betaine, lauryl betaine,
cocamidopropyl betaine and sodium cocoamphoacetate.
A particularly preferred amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is
cocamidopropyl
betaine.
Mixtures of any of the foregoing amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may
also
be suitable. Preferred mixtures are those of cocamidopropyl betaine with
further
amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants as described above. A preferred further
amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is sodium cocoamphoacetate.
Preferably, the hair care compositions of the invention are aqueous, i.e. they
have
water or an aqueous solution or a lyotropic liquid crystalline phase as their
major
component.
Preferably, the composition will comprise from 10 to 98%, preferably from 30
to
70% water by weight based on the total weight of the composition.
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The composition according to the invention preferably comprises a silicone.
Particularly preferred silicone conditioning agents are silicone emulsions
such as
those formed from silicones such as polydiorganosiloxanes, in particular
polydimethylsiloxanes which have the CTFA designation dimethicone,
polydimethyl siloxanes having hydroxyl end groups which have the CTFA
designation dimethiconol, and amino-functional polydimethyl siloxanes which
have
the CTFA designation amodimethicone.
The emulsion droplets may typically have a Sauter mean droplet diameter (D3,2)
in
the composition of the invention ranging from 0.01 to 20 micrometer, more
preferably from 0.2 to 10 micrometer.
A suitable method for measuring the Sauter mean droplet diameter (D3,2) is by
laser
light scattering using an instrument such as a Malvern Mastersizer.
Suitable silicone emulsions for use in compositions of the invention are
available
from suppliers of silicones such as Dow Corning and GE Silicones. The use of
such pre-formed silicone emulsions is preferred for ease of processing and
control
of silicone particle size. Such pre-formed silicone emulsions will typically
additionally comprise a suitable emulsifier such as an anionic or nonionic
emulsifier, or mixture thereof, and may be prepared by a chemical
emulsification
process such as emulsion polymerisation, or by mechanical emulsification using
a
high shear mixer. Pre-formed silicone emulsions having a Sauter mean droplet
diameter (D3,2) of less than 0.15 micrometers are generally termed
microemulsions.
Examples of suitable pre-formed silicone emulsions include emulsions DC2-1766,
DC2-1784, DC-1785, DC-1786, DC-1788 and microemulsions DC2-1865 and
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DC2-1870, all available from Dow Corning. These are all
emulsions/microemulsions
of dimethiconol. Also suitable are amodimethicone emulsions such as DC2-8177
and DC939 (from Dow Corning) and SME253 (from GE Silicones).
Also suitable are silicone emulsions in which certain types of surface active
block
copolymers of a high molecular weight have been blended with the silicone
emulsion droplets, as described for example in WO03/094874. In such materials,
the silicone emulsion droplets are preferably formed from
polydiorganosiloxanes
such as those described above. One preferred form of the surface active block
copolymer is according to the following formula:
HO(CH2CH2O)X(CH(CH3)CH2O)y(CH2CH2O)X H
wherein the mean value of x is 4 or more and the mean value of y is 25 or
more.
Another preferred form of the surface active block copolymer is according to
the
following formula:
(HO(CH2CH2O)a(CH(CH3)CH2O)b)2-N-CH2-CH2-N((OCH2CH(CH3))b(OCH2CH2)a
OH)2
wherein the mean value of a is 2 or more and the mean value of b is 6 or more.
Mixtures of any of the above described silicone emulsions may also be used.
The above described silicone emulsions will generally be present in a
composition
of the invention at levels of from 0.05 to 15%, preferably from 0.5 to 12% by
total
weight of silicone based on the total weight of the composition.
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The silicone is preferably present at from 0.5 to 15% wt., more preferably 1
to
12% by weight.
In a preferred embodiment the composition according to the invention comprises
a
cationic deposition polymer.
Suitable cationic deposition aid polymers may be homopolymers which are
cationically substituted or may be formed from two or more types of monomers.
The
weight average (Mw) molecular weight of the polymers will generally be between
100 000 and 2 million daltons. The polymers will have cationic nitrogen
containing
groups such as quaternary ammonium or protonated amino groups, or a mixture
thereof. If the molecular weight of the polymer is too low, then the
conditioning effect
is poor. If too high, then there may be problems of high extensional viscosity
leading
to stringiness of the composition when it is poured.
The cationic nitrogen-containing group will generally be present as a
substituent on
a fraction of the total monomer units of the cationic polymer. Thus when the
polymer
is not a homopolymer it can contain spacer non-cationic monomer units. Such
polymers are described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Directory, 3rd edition.
The
ratio of the cationic to non-cationic monomer units is selected to give
polymers
having a cationic charge density in the required range, which is generally
from 0.2 to
3.0 meq/gm. The cationic charge density of the polymer is suitably determined
via
the Kjeldahl method as described in the US Pharmacopoeia under chemical tests
for nitrogen determination.
Suitable cationic polymers include, for example, copolymers of vinyl monomers
having cationic amine or quaternary ammonium functionalities with water
soluble
spacer monomers such as (meth)acrylamide, alkyl and dialkyl (meth)acrylamides,
alkyl (meth)acrylate, vinyl caprolactone and vinyl pyrrolidine. The alkyl and
dialkyl
substituted monomers preferably have C1-C7 alkyl groups, more preferably C1-3
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alkyl groups. Other suitable spacers include vinyl esters, vinyl alcohol,
maleic
anhydride, propylene glycol and ethylene glycol.
The cationic amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary amines, depending
upon the particular species and the pH of the composition. In general
secondary
and tertiary amines, especially tertiary, are preferred.
Amine substituted vinyl monomers and amines can be polymerised in the amine
form and then converted to ammonium by quaternization.
The cationic polymers can comprise mixtures of monomer units derived from
amine- and/or quaternary ammonium-substituted monomer and/or compatible
spacer monomers.
Suitable cationic polymers include, for example:
- cationic diallyl quaternary ammonium-containing polymers including, for
example, dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer and copolymers
of acrylamide and dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, referred to in the
industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 6 and Polyquaternium 7, respectively;
- mineral acid salts of amino-alkyl esters of homo-and co-polymers of
unsaturated carboxylic acids having from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, (as
described in U.S. Patent 4,009,256);
- cationic polyacrylamides (as described in W095/2231 1).
Other cationic polymers that can be used include cationic polysaccharide
polymers,
such as cationic cellulose derivatives, cationic starch derivatives, and
cationic guar
gum derivatives.
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Cationic polysaccharide polymers suitable for use in compositions of the
invention
include monomers of the formula:
A-O-[R-N+(R1)(R2)(R3)X-],
wherein: A is an anhydroglucose residual group, such as a starch or cellulose
anhydroglucose residual. R is an alkylene, oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene, or
hydroxyalkylene group, or combination thereof. R1, R2 and R3 independently
represent alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, or alkoxyaryl
groups, each
group containing up to about 18 carbon atoms. The total number of carbon atoms
for each cationic moiety (i.e., the sum of carbon atoms in R1, R2 and R3) is
preferably about 20 or less, and X is an anionic counterion.
Another type of cationic cellulose includes the polymeric quaternary ammonium
salts of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with lauryl dimethyl ammonium-
substituted
epoxide, referred to in the industry (CTFA) as Polyquaternium 24. These
materials are available from the Amerchol Corporation, for instance under the
tradename Polymer LM-200.
Other suitable cationic polysaccharide polymers include quaternary nitrogen-
containing cellulose ethers (e.g. as described in U.S. Patent 3,962,418), and
copolymers of etherified cellulose and starch (e.g. as described in U.S.
Patent
3,958,581).
A particularly suitable type of cationic polysaccharide polymer that can be
used is a
cationic guar gum derivative, such as guar hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium
chloride (commercially available from Rhodia in their JAGUAR trademark
series).
Examples of such materials are JAGUAR C13S, JAGUAR C14, JAGUAR C15 and
JAGUAR C17.
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Mixtures of any of the above cationic polymers may be used.
Cationic polymer will generally be present in a shampoo composition of the
invention
at levels of from 0.01 to 5%, preferably from 0.05 to 2%, more preferably from
0.07
to 1.2% by total weight of cationic polymer based on the total weight of the
composition.
Preferably an aqueous shampoo composition of the invention further comprises a
suspending agent. Suitable suspending agents are selected from polyacrylic
acids, cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid with
a
hydrophobic monomer, copolymers of carboxylic acid-containing monomers and
acrylic esters, cross-linked copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters,
heteropolysaccharide gums and crystalline long chain acyl derivatives. The
long
chain acyl derivative is desirably selected from ethylene glycol stearate,
alkanolamides of fatty acids having from 16 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures
thereof. Ethylene glycol distearate and polyethylene glycol 3 distearate are
preferred long chain acyl derivatives, since these impart pearlescence to the
composition. Polyacrylic acid is available commercially as Carbopol 420,
Carbopol 488 or Carbopol 493. Polymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with a
polyfunctional agent may also be used; they are available commercially as
Carbopol 910, Carbopol 934, Carbopol 941 and Carbopol 980. An example of a
suitable copolymer of a carboxylic acid containing monomer and acrylic acid
esters is Carbopol 1342. All Carbopol (trademark) materials are available from
Goodrich.
Suitable cross-linked polymers of acrylic acid and acrylate esters are Pemulen
TR1 or Pemulen TR2. A suitable heteropolysaccharide gum is xanthan gum, for
example that available as Kelzan mu.
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Mixtures of any of the above suspending agents may be used. Preferred is a
mixture of cross-linked polymer of acrylic acid and crystalline long chain
acyl
derivative.
Suspending agent will generally be present in a shampoo composition of the
invention at levels of from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.5 to 6%, more
preferably
from 0.9 to 4% by total weight of suspending agent based on the total weight
of the
composition.
A further component that may be used in compositions of the invention is a
hydrocarbon oil or ester oil. Like silicone oils, these materials may enhance
the
conditioning benefits found with compositions of the invention.
Suitable hydrocarbon oils have at least 12 carbon atoms, and include paraffin
oil,
polyolefin oil, mineral oil, saturated and unsaturated dodecane, saturated and
unsaturated tridecane, saturated and unsaturated tetradecane, saturated and
unsaturated pentadecane, saturated and unsaturated hexadecane, and mixtures
thereof. Branched-chain isomers of these compounds, as well as of higher chain
length hydrocarbons, can also be used. Also suitable are polymeric
hydrocarbons of
C2.6 alkenyl monomers, such as polyisobutylene.
Suitable ester oils have at least 10 carbon atoms, and include esters with
hydrocarbyl chains derived from fatty acids or alcohols. Typical ester oils
are
formula R'COOR in which Rand R independently denote alkyl or alkenyl radicals
and the sum of carbon atoms in R' and R is at least 10, preferably at least
20. Di-
and trialkyl and alkenyl esters of carboxylic acids can also be used.
Preferred fatty oils are mono-, di- and triglycerides, more specifically the
mono-, di-,
and tri-esters of glycerol with long chain carboxylic acids such as Cl_22
carboxylic
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acids. Examples of such materials include cocoa butter, palm stearin,
sunflower oil,
soyabean oil and coconut oil.
Mixtures of any of the above described hydrocarbon/ester oils also be used.
The total combined amount of hydrocarbon oil and ester oil in compositions of
the
invention may suitably range from 0.05 to 10%, particularly from 0.2 to 5%,
and
especially from 0.5 to 3% by weight of the composition.
A composition of the invention may contain other ingredients for enhancing
performance and/or consumer acceptability. Such ingredients include fragrance,
dyes and pigments, pH adjusting agents, pearlescers or opacifiers, viscosity
modifiers, and preservatives or antimicrobials. Each of these ingredients will
be
present in an amount effective to accomplish its purpose. Generally these
optional ingredients are included individually at a level of up to 5% by
weight of
the total composition.
The invention will be further illustrated by the following, non-limiting
Example, in
which all percentages quoted are by weight based on total weight unless
otherwise stated.
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EXAMPLE 1
A concentrated shampoo composition.
Ingredient % wt. active
Anionic surfactant 28
Cocomonoethanolamide 2
Water 2
Cationic deposition polymer 0.4
Perfume 0.7
Water 3
EDTA 0.1
DC1788 Silicone 3.6
DC7123 Silicone 2.4
1, 3-butyleneglycol 0.5
Pearlescer 0.1
Preservative 0.001
DMDMH 0.055
Sodium chloride 1
Water To 100
EXAMPLE 2
The composition according to Example 1 can be made by the following process:
Weigh out and heat the anionic surfactant (provided as 70% wt. aqueous
suspension) to around 70 C with stirring. Then add the butylene glycol.
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Separately mix 2% wt. water and 2% wt. CMEA until the CMEA is dissolved. Then
add the CMEA to the anionic surfactant and allow to cool.
Once cooled to around 400C add the cationic deposition polymer, perfume and
3% wt. water under mixing. The preservatives and salt can be added before the
final water, all under mixing.
