Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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METHOD FOR TREATING A STAINED FABRIC
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Treating stains in clothing.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many consumers experience a stain on their clothing when they are away from
home,
such as might occur when dining out before a theater engagement. Appearing in
public with a
clothing stain can be embarrassing to the wearer. If such a stain were to
occur at home, the
wearer could choose another garment or might be able to effectively treat the
stain with a stain
treatment system. When away from her house, her options may be limited.
There are presently stain treatment systems, such as pens and wipes, that
release a stain
treatment fluid and can be used to scrub a stain. The pens tend to be shaped
like ordinary
drawing markers, the bulkiness of which might drive some consumers to only
carry such a pen
when they are carrying a purse. However, if the consumer does not often carry
a purse, they are
vulnerable to a stain occurring when they are without a stain treatment
system.
If the consumer carries a wipe for treating stains, the consumer can grasp the
wipe and
scrub the stain. The wipes can contain a formulation of color safe bleaches
and surfactants.
Some of these formulations can have an odor that the consumer might not like.
By handling the
wipe, such odor may be imparted to the consumer's skin, which might conflict
with a perfume
the wearer has donned. Further, some consumers might not like the feeling of
grasping a wet
wipe that might have a soapy feel.
One approach to stain treatment is to consider the discrete characteristics of
the stain and
identify and effective treatment strategy for each element. For example, one
approach is to
remove what can be removed and bleach what cannot be removed. Removing stains,
particularly
greasy stains, from fabrics can be challenging. Applying a surfactant to the
stain can help with
treating greasy stains. A surfactant that is stored in the interstitial spaces
between fibers of a
fibrous web can be delivered to a fabric when the consumer applies pressure to
the fibrous web
while scrubbing the stain. Alternatively, a surfactant can be delivered to the
fabric through a pen
type arrangement in which the head of the pen is pushed into the pen to
release a stain treatment
fluid. To help the stain be released from the fabric, a scraper, fibrous web,
or brush can be used
to dislodge the stain. Developers of this approach have sought to improve
efficacy by optimizing
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the stain treatment fluid.
With these limitations in mind, there is a continuing unaddressed need for a
compact,
convenient to carry, stain treatment apparatus.
Further, there is a continuing unaddressed need for a stain treatment system
that allows
the consumer to use the stain treatment apparatus without having the stain
treatment fluid contact
her hand.
Further, there is a continuing unaddressed need for a stain treatment system
in which the
portion of the implement that helps to deliver a stain treatment fluid to a
stain can also help with
moving the stain from the fabric to at least a portion of the stain treatment
system.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method for treating a stained fabric comprising the steps of: providing a
contact
substrate containing a stain treatment fluid, the contact substrate comprising
micro fibers having
a diameter less than about 5 micrometers; contacting the contact substrate
with the stained fabric
thereby transferring the stain treatment fluid to the stained fabric; and
rubbing the stained fabric
with the contact substrate. The stain treatment fluid can comprise from 0.001%
to about 99.99%,
by weight of the stain treatment fluid, of a surfactant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic of a cut-away perspective view of a package for treating
a stained
fabric, the package being in the first position.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a cross section view of the package for treating a
stained fabric,
as indicated in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a schematic of a bottom perspective view of the package for treating
a stained
fabric illustrated in FIG. 1, first side 40 being presented to the viewer.
FIG. 4 is a schematic of a package for treating a stained fabric, the package
being in the
second position.
FIG. 5 is a schematic of a package for treating a stained fabric, the package
being in the
second position.
FIG. 6 is a schematic of a side view of a package for treating a stained
fabric.
FIG. 7 is a package for treating a stained fabric, the package being
illustrated in a second
position.
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FIG. 8 is a package for treating a stained fabric, the package being
illustrated in a second
position.
FIG. 9 is a schematic of a side view of a package for treating a stained
fabric.
FIG. 10 is a schematic of a side view of a package for treating a stained
fabric.
FIG. 11 is an embodiment of the package in which the package is devoid of a
contact
substrate.
FIG. 12 is a cutaway perspective of an alternate embodiment of the package
that provides
for a package that can dispense a first stain treatment fluid and a second
stain treatment fluid.
FIG. 13 is a schematic of a package covered by a removable protectant.
FIG. 14 is a schematic of another embodiment of a package covered by a
removable
protectant.
FIG. 15 is an illustration of the part of a Hansen space spherical volume
having Hansen
solubility parameters that are positive, with 8H and 8p presented to the
viewer.
FIG. 16 is an illustration of the part of a Hansen space spherical volume
having Hansen
solubility parameters that are positive, with 8D and 8p presented to the
viewer.
FIG. 17 is graph of taco grease absorption (g/g) versus relative energy
difference between
each contact substrate tested and the taco grease tested.
FIG. 18 is a graph illustrating the locations of the Hansen solubility
parameters for the
contact substrates tested in Hansen space On and 8p axes presented).
FIG. 19 is a graph illustrating the locations of the Hansen solubility
parameters for the
contact substrates tested in Hansen space (8D and 8p axes presented).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As used herein the term "joined" refers to the condition where a first member
is attached,
or connected, to a second member either directly; or indirectly, where the
first member is
attached, or connected, to an intermediate member which in turn is attached,
or connected, to the
second member either directly; or indirectly.
A cutaway view of a package 10 for treating a stain in a fabric is shown in
FIG. 1. The
package 10 may have any generally planar shape including a rectangle, a
square, a circle, an oval,
a triangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, a trapezoid, or any other ergonomically
preferred shape. A
planar shape of the package 10 can provide for a package 10 that is convenient
to store and is
easy to securely grip prior to and during use. The package 10 can have a
length direction L and a
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width direction W in plane with the backing layer 20 and a Z direction
orthogonal to the length
direction L and width direction W. The dimensions of the package 10 can be
such that in the
length direction L and width direction W, the package has the planar
dimensions of, or smaller
than, a common wallet sized credit card or wallet sized photograph.
The package 10 can have a backing layer 20. Backing layer 20 can be made of
any
suitably stiff material including thin plastic materials such as polystyrene,
polyethylene,
polypropylene, or other polymeric material. Backing layer 20 can be
sufficiently stiff to maintain
package 10 in a substantially flat configuration during storage and transport.
In some
embodiments, the package 10 is sized and dimensioned to fit conveniently in a
person's wallet,
purse, diaper bag, or pocket.
The backing layer 20 has a first side 40 opposing a second side 30, the first
side being
towards the bottom of the package 10. The backing layer 20 can have a line of
weakness 130.
The first side 40 of the backing layer 20 can have a line of weakness 130. The
line of weakness
130 can permit the backing layer 20 to break along the line of weakness 130
when the backing
layer 20 is subjected to a sufficient bending moment. The backing layer 20 can
have a first
elastic limit.
The line of weakness 130 can be any number of structures that provide for a
controlled
break in the backing layer 20 when a sufficient bending moment is applied
about the line of
weakness 130. The line of weakness 130 can be selected from the group
consisting of a score, a
frangible portion, perforations, a slit, an aperture, and combination thereof.
When the package 10
is in a pre-use condition, the structure of the backing layer 20 can have
structural integrity across
the line of weakness 130. A score can be a scratch, groove, compressed
portion, or other
structure that structurally weakens the backing layer 20. A frangible portion
can be a series of
scratches or compressed portions that structurally weaken the backing layer 20
to make a line of
weakness 130 that is controllably rupturable when strained. The line of
weakness 130 can be a
perforation or series of perforations in the backing layer 20. The perforation
or series of
perforations can be formed by puncturing the backing layer 20 to form the
perforation or series of
perforations. The line of weakness 130 can be an aperture formed by
selectively removing
material from the backing layer 20. The line of weakness 130 can be a slit
that is formed by
cutting the backing layer 20. In use, as the backing layer 20 is folded upon
itself about the line of
weakness 130, the line of weakness 130 can rupture.
The magnitude of the bending moment needed to rupture the line of weakness can
be
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controlled, for instance, by the depth of the score, spacing of the
perforations, dimension of the
aperture, dimension of the slit, whichever such structure, or other structure,
is employed if such
structures are employed. If a score is employed, the score can penetrate into
the backing layer 20
by about 8% to about 10% of the thickness of the backing layer 20, the
thickness being measured
in the Z direction. A score, if employed, can penetrate into the backing layer
20 by less than
about 15% of the thickness of the backing layer 20.
The line of weakness 130 can extend between the edges of the backing layer 20,
as shown
in FIG. 1. The line of weakness 130 can partially extend between the edges of
the backing layer
20.
The backing layer 20 can be a material selected from the group consisting of
rigid styrene,
foil, BAREX (available from BP Chemicals Inc., Naperville, IL, USA),
polyethylene, nylon,
polypropylene, and coextrudants and laminates of any of the preceding
substances, and
combinations thereof. The thickness of the backing layer 20 can be less than
about 2 mm, can
possibly be less than about 1 mm, and possibly be about 0.1 mm to about 0.5
mm. The backing
layer can have a length between about 3 cm to about 10 cm and a width between
about 2 cm to
about 6 cm. A larger backing layer 20 might be employed for package 10
designed for use at
home. The backing layer 20 can be a laminate of a 0.381 mm thick layer of high
impact styrene,
0.019 mm thick layer low density polyethylene and 0.0122 thick layer of coated
polyester film.
available from Glenroy, Inc., Menomonee Falls, WI, USA, with the coated
polyester film
oriented towards the outside of the package 10.
The package 10 can have a contact substrate 200 joined to the first side 40 of
the backing
layer 20 proximal the line of weakness 130. The contact substrate 200 can be
forced into contact
with the fabric to be treated during use of the package 10. The bottom of the
package 10 is
considered to be the side of the package 10 oriented, in use, towards the
fabric to be treated.
A coating layer 50 can be joined to and facing the second side 30. The coating
layer 50
can be polymer film and have a second elastic limit. The second elastic limit
can be greater than
the first elastic limit. In other words, the strain to break of the backing
layer 20 can be less than
the strain to break of the coating layer 50. The coating layer 50 can be a
coextruded film, one
layer being a barrier layer, such as ethanol vinyl alcohol film, oriented
towards the backing layer
20 and the other layer being a linear low density polyethylene film. The
coating layer 50 can be a
coextruded film, one layer being a barrier layer, such as polyvinyl alcohol
film (possibly EVA
film which is a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate), oriented towards the
backing layer 20
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and the other layer being a linear low density polyethylene film. The coating
layer 50 can be a
0.0508 mm thick layer of high strength polyethylene film available from
Glenroy, Inc.,
Menomonee Falls, WI, USA. The coating layer 50 can be a laminate of a 0.0508
mm thick layer
of high strength polyethylene film and a 0.019 mm thick layer of medium
density polyethylene
film available from Glenroy, Inc., Menomonee Falls, WI, USA, the coating layer
50 oriented such
that the medium density polyethylene layer is oriented towards the backing
layer 20.
The coating layer 50 can have a transmitting portion 60. The transmitting
portion 60 can
be substantially aligned with the line of weakness 130 in backing layer 20.
The transmitting
portion 60 can be any number of structures that provide for a metering opening
through the
coating layer 50 when the package 20 is in use. The transmitting portion 60
can be selected from
the group consisting of a score, a frangible portion, perforations, a slit, an
aperture, and
combination thereof. When the package 10 is in a pre-use condition, the
transmitting portion 60
can be liquid impervious. A score can be a scratch, groove, or compressed
portion that
structurally weakens the coating layer 50. A frangible portion can be a series
of scratches or
compressed portions that structurally weaken the coating layer to make the
transmitting portion
60 rupturable when strained. The transmitting portion 60 can be a perforation
or series of
perforations wherein the coating layer 50 is punctured to create the
perforation or series of
perforations. The transmitting portion 60 can be an aperture formed by
selectively removing
material from the coating layer 50. The transmitting portion 60 can be a slit
that is formed by
cutting or tearing the coating layer 50. The coating layer can have one or
more transmitting
portions 60. For instance, there can be at least one, at least two, at least
three, or more,
transmitting portions 60 in the coating layer 50. A plurality of transmitting
portions 60 can be
practical for providing wider distribution of the stain treatment fluid 300 to
the contact substrate
200. A line of weakness 130 can be provided on the first side 40 of backing
layer 20, second side
30 of backing layer 20, on both the first side 40 and second side 30 of
backing layer 20. A line of
weakness 130 can be a physical and/or chemical discontinuity internal to the
structure of the
backing layer 20 or on a surface of the backing layer 20.
The peripheral edges of the coating layer 50 can be joined to the backing
layer 20. The
coating layer 50 can be substantially continuously joined to the backing layer
20 in that more than
about 75% of the surface of the portion of coating layer 50 facing the second
side 30 of backing
layer 20 is joined to the second side 30 of backing layer 20. The entire
surface of the portion of
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the coating layer 50 facing the second side 30 of backing layer 20 can be
joined to the second side
of the backing layer 20.
The package 10 can comprise a pouch layer 70 joined with the coating layer 50
to form a
pouch 80 there between, the pouch 80 being defined by the enclosed volume
between the pouch
layer 70 and the coating layer 50. The pouch layer 70 can be joined directly
to the backing layer
20 to forma a pouch there between. The pouch 80 can contain a stain treatment
fluid 300. The
pouch layer 70 can be heat sealed to the coating layer 50. The pouch layer 70
can be joined to the
coating layer 50 using any known approach for attaching two materials
including, but not limited
to, adhesive, glue, ultrasonic bonding, chemical bonding, thermal bonding, and
fusion bonding.
The pouch layer 70 can be a blown film or cast film. The pouch layer 70 can be
liquid
impervious and can be durable enough to prevent penetration or rupture of the
pouch layer 70.
The pouch layer 70 and coating layer 50 can also be chemically compatible with
the stain
treatment fluid 300 contained within the pouch 80. That is, the coating layer
50 and pouch layer
70 can be substantially inert to the stain treatment fluid 300 contained
therein and the external
environment for a duration sufficiently long to provide for chemical and
mechanical stability
from the time when the package is manufactured to the time when the package 10
is used to treat
a stain. The pouch 80 can contain a volume of stain treatment fluid 300.
The pouch layer 70 can be a single layer or a laminate of multiple layers. The
pouch layer
70 can comprise foil. The pouch layer 70 can be a layer of 12 m thick sheet
material, an
adhesive layer, and a layer of 0.06 mm thick linear low density polyethylene.
The pouch layer 70
can be white. The pouch layer 70 can be printed or otherwise labeled with a
design, instruction
on use, or decorative feature. The pouch layer 70 can be clear. The pouch
layer 70 can be a layer
of 12 m thick metalized polyethylene terephthalate sheet material, an
adhesive layer, and a layer
of linear low density polyethylene. The pouch layer 70 can be a layer of 12 m
thick silver or
aluminum foil, an adhesive, a 0.009 mm thick silver or aluminum foil, and a
0.05 mm linear low
density polyethylene sheet material. The pouch layer 70 can be a laminate of a
0.058 mm thick
layer of high strength polyethylene film, a 0.0191 mm thick layer of
chemically resistant film
(CRC-1), a 0.007 mm thick layer of foil, a 0.0191 mm thick layer of low
density polyethylene
film, and a 0.0122 mm thick layer of coated polyester available from Glenroy,
Inc., Menomonee
Falls, WI, USA, the pouch layer 70 oriented such that the layer of coated
polyester is oriented
away from said backing layer 20.
In one embodiment, the pouch layer 70 can be joined with the backing layer 20
to form a
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pouch 80 there between. The pouch layer 70 can be joined to the backing layer
20 by using any
known approach for attaching two materials including, but not limited to,
adhesive, glue,
ultrasonic bonding, chemical bonding, thermal bonding, and fusion bonding.
A cross section of the package 10 illustrated in FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2. As
shown in
FIG. 2, the second side 30 of backing layer 20 has a first planar region 22
and a second planar
region 24 on opposing sides of the line of weakness 130. As shown in FIG. 2,
the transmitting
portion 60 can be substantially aligned with the line of weakness 130. When
the backing layer 20
is broken, pouch 80 is in fluid communication with the contact substrate 200,
the stain treatment
fluid 300 flowing through the transmitting portion 60 and break in the backing
layer 20 proximal
the line of weakness 130 into the contact substrate 200. The coating layer 50
can be coextensive
with the backing layer 20 or within the periphery of the backing layer 20. The
coating layer 50
can be at least coextensive with the periphery of the backing layer 20.
A bottom view of a package 10 is illustrated in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 3,
the line of
weakness 130 can be at least partially spatially aligned with the contact
substrate 200 so that
when the backing layer 20 is broken, stain treatment fluid 300 from within the
pouch 80 can be
transported through the break in the backing layer 20 into the contact
substrate 200. As shown in
FIG. 3, the line of weakness can partially extend between edges of the backing
layer 20.
The package 10 can have a first position in which the first planar region 22
and second
planar region 24 of the backing layer 20 are substantially in plane with one
another. As shown in
FIG. 4, the package 10 can be transitioned into a second position in which the
first planar region
22 and second planar region 24 are in a substantially angularly facing
relationship. By
substantially angularly facing relationship it is meant that the first planar
region 22 and the
second planar region 24 are disposed with respect to one another at an
interior angle (3 of less
than about 90 degrees, the interior angle (3 being measured between the first
planar region 22 and
the second planar region 24 on the second side 30 of the backing layer 20.
In the first position, at least a portion of the first planar region 22 and
the second planar
region 24 can be integral with one another. The backing layer 20 can be at
least partially intact
across the line of weakness 130. In the second position at least a portion of
the backing layer 20
can be discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. In the second position,
the backing layer
20 can be broken at, proximal to, or along the line of weakness 130 so that
the pouch 80 is in
fluid communication with the contact substrate 200.
When the package 10 is in the first position, the package 10 can conveniently
be carried in
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a pocket, a pocket of a wallet, pocket of a purse, or an auto glove
compartment. The generally
flat nature of the package 10 provides for a profile that is not bulky and can
be stored
conveniently.
As shown in FIG. 4, in the second position, the transmitting portion 60 can be
fluid
pervious. The transmitting portion 60 can be fluid pervious, for instance, as
a result of a slit in
the coating layer 50. As shown in FIG. 4, the transmitting portion 60 can be a
slit that can be
slightly stretched open. In the second position, the first planar region 22
and the second planar
region 24 can be disposed at an interior angle (3 of less than about 45
degrees, measured between
the first planer region 22 and the second planar region 24. The transmitting
portion 60 can have a
variety of embodiments that provide for fluid communication through the
coating layer 50. In the
second position, the first planar region 22 and the second planar region 24
can be disposed at an
interior angle (3 of less than about 10 degrees, alternatively at an interior
angle (3 of less than
about 5 degrees, alternatively at an interior angle (3 of less than about 1
degree. In the second
position, the first planar region 22 and the second planar region 24 can be
disposed at an interior
angle (3 between about zero degrees and about 5 degrees.
In the second position, the pouch 80 can be folded upon itself and pressure
applied
through the first planar region 22 and the second planar region 24 can extrude
out the stain
treatment fluid 300 contained within the pouch 80. As the first planar region
22 and second
planar region 24 are brought in closer angular facing relationship, more of
the stain treatment
fluid 300 contained within the pouch 80 can be expressed or extruded. Once a
significant
squeezing force is applied by the user, the first planar region 22 and second
planar region 24 can
be pressed towards one another driving out stain treatment fluid 300 from the
pouch 80, through
the transmitting portion 60 and into the contact substrate 200. The backing
layer 20 folded upon
itself can provide for a convenient gripping structure for the user of the
package 10 to grasp as
she rubs the contact substrate 200, if present, back and forth across the
stain on the fabric being
treated.
In the second position, the gripping structure provided by the backing layer
20 folded
upon itself can allow the consumer to effectively use the package 10 to treat
a stain, without
having her hand contact the stain treatment fluid 300 or contact substrate
200. Further, such
gripping structure can provide for a sturdy structure that the consumer can
rub back and forth
vigorously, thereby rubbing the contact substrate 200 or edges of the broken
backing layer 20, if a
contact substrate is not present, against the stain.
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The second elastic limit of the coating layer 50 can be greater than the first
elastic limit of
the backing layer 20. Such a design can provide for a mechanical arrangement
in which when the
coating layer 50 and backing layer 20 joined together are strained, the
backing layer 20 can break
before the coating layer 50. Such an arrangement can be desirable because once
the backing layer
breaks, the coating layer 50 can provide for maintaining the structural
integrity of the package
10 and the transmitting portion 60 of the coating layer 50 can be remain
bounded by coating layer
50 such that stain treatment fluid 300 can be metered through the transmitting
portion 60. The
transmitting portion 60 can have a shape that provides for controlled fluid
flow there through.
A stained fabric employing the package 10 can be treated by bending the
backing layer 20
about the line of weakness 130 to move the first planar region 22 and the
second planar region 24
into a substantially facing relationship, thereby making a portion of the
backing layer to be
discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. As the first planar region 22
and the second
planar region 24 are pressed towards one another by the user, the stain
treatment fluid 300 is
dispensed to the contact substrate 200 through the portion of the backing
layer 20 that is
discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. The backing layer 20 is
gripped, for instance in a
manner similar to that shown in FIG. 5, and the user rubs the stained fabric
with the contact
substrate 200.
To allow more of the contact substrate 200 to contact the stained fabric, the
contact
substrate 200 can be joined to the backing layer 20 by one or more hinges 100,
as shown in FIG.
6. By employing a hinged arrangement, the contact substrate can remain
relatively flat even as
the backing layer 20 is bent or folded about the line of weakness 130. Each
hinge 100 can be
formed from a flexible material that allows a variable distance to be defined
between the backing
layer 20 and the contact substrate 200. Each hinge 100 can be joined in part
to the first side 40
and joined in part to the contact substrate 200. When the backing layer 20 is
in a planar condition
prior to being used to treat a stain, each hinge 100 can be closed, for
example by a single bend or
multiple folds in the relevant hinge 100. When each hinge 100 is closed, the
contact substrate
200 can be in facing relationship with the backing layer 20, which can provide
for a compact
package 10. Each hinge 100 can be constructed from a piece of flexible
material that is folded
upon itself to have a nearly planar shape before the package is transitioned
from the first position
to the second position.
When the backing layer 20 is broken and package 10 is transitioned from the
first position
to the second position by bringing the first planar region 22 and the second
planar region 24 into
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a substantially angularly facing relationship, each hinge 100 can open to
provide for a portion the
contact substrate 200 to be spaced apart from the backing layer, as shown in
FIG. 7. When the
package is in the second position, each hinge 100 can have a generally "U" or
"V" shape in cross-
section, as shown in FIG. 7. Such an arrangement can provide for a conduit to
direct stain
treatment fluid 300 from the pouch 80 to the contact substrate 200 with
limited accumulation of
the stain treatment fluid 300 in other components of the package 10. Each
hinge 100 can be
considered to have two legs, one of which is joined to the backing layer 20
and one of which is
joined to the contact substrate 200. The legs of each hinge 100 joined to the
contact substrate 200
can be substantially coextensive with contact substrate 200 in that more than
about 90% of the
side of the contact substrate 200 facing the backing layer is joined to a
hinge 100. A leg of each
hinge 100 can be joined to the contact substrate 200 or the backing layer 20
using any known
approach for attaching two materials including, but not limited to, adhesive,
glue, ultrasonic
bonding, thermal bonding, and fusion bonding. To provide for a more durable
package 10, the
approach for joining each hinge 100 can be chemically compatible with the
stain treatment fluid
300. Each hinge 100 can be a polypropylene based tape such as 3M 3560,
available from 3M.
Each hinge 100 can be an integral extension of the contact substrate 200 and
comprise the
same constitutive material as the contact substrate 200, as illustrated in
FIG. 8. Such
arrangement might provide for ease of manufacture by reducing the number parts
that must be
assembled to form the package 10.
A foundation layer 110 can be joined to the contact substrate 200 and the
backing layer
20, as shown in FIG. 9, such that the foundation layer 110 is between the
contact substrate 200
and the backing layer 20 and the hinges 100, if present, are joined to the
foundation layer 110.
The foundation layer 110 can provide for enhanced structural stability of the
package 10 when the
contact substrate 200 is vigorously rubbed against a stained fabric. The
foundation layer 110 can
be, for example, a web of fluid permeable material, or material rendered to be
selectively fluid
permeable proximal the line of weakness 130, that is about coextensive with or
laterally within
the contact substrate 200 in the length direction L and width direction W. The
foundation layer
110 can be a web of fluid permeable material that is coextensive with the
contact substrate 200 in
the length direction L and width direction W.
The foundation layer 110 can be joined to the backing layer 20 through each
hinge 100
using any known approaches for joining two materials, including, but not
limited to, adhesive,
glue, ultrasonic bonding, thermal bonding, chemical bonding, and fusion
bonding. Similarly, the
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foundation layer 110 can be directly joined to the contact substrate 200 using
any known
approaches for joining two materials, including, but not limited to, adhesive,
glue, ultrasonic
bonding, thermal bonding, chemical bonding, and fusion bonding. The foundation
layer 110 can
be joined to the contact substrate 200 through one or more intermediate
layers. The foundation
layer 110 can be a web of material selected from the group consisting of a
porous film, a slit film,
an apertured film, a nonwoven, a woven, and combinations thereof. The
foundation layer 110
can be a polyethylene based material such as DELNET AC 530-NAT-E, high density
polyethylene based substrate, having a basis weight of 18 g/m2, and 0.12 mm
thick, available
from DelStar Technologies, Inc.
In some embodiments, a distribution layer 120 can be disposed in facing
relationship with
the contact substrate 200 and between the backing layer 20 and the contact
substrate 200, for
example, as shown in FIG. 10. The distribution layer 120 can provide for
extensive distribution
in the length direction L and width direction W of the stain treatment fluid
300 into and/or
through the contact substrate 200. To promote delivery of the stain treatment
fluid 300 to the
fabric being treated, the distribution layer 120 can have a free absorbent
capacity that is less than
the volume of stain treatment fluid 300 contained in the pouch 80. The
distribution layer 120 can
comprise a hydrocarbon based fibrous material. The distribution layer 120 can
comprise a
fibrous material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene,
polypropylene, nylon,
polyethylene terephthalate, rayon, and combinations thereof. The distribution
layer 120 can be
joined to the contact substrate 200, for instance by any known approaches for
attaching two
materials, including, but not limited to, adhesive, glue, ultrasonic bonding,
thermal bonding,
chemical bonding, and fusion bonding. The distribution layer 120 can be a
needle punched
fibrous material. The distribution layer 120 can be a polypropylene needle
punched nonwoven
having a basis weight of 150 g/m2. The basis weight can be determined
following EDANA
Standard Test: WSP 130.1 (05), Standard Test Method for Mass per Unit Area, on
a 1 cm x 1 cm
sample and using a balance accurate to 0.0001 g. The basis weight is
determined based upon 5
samples combined and calculating an average from the combined weight/area. The
distribution
layer 120 and foundation layer 110 can be a composite material. STRATEX 5.ONP5-
E, a
composite substrate made by DelStar Technologies, Inc., can provide for a
single product that
includes both the distribution layer 120 and foundation layer 110. This
distribution layer 120 can
be 1.5 mm thick. The thickness of the distribution layer can be determined
following EDANA
Recommended Test Method: Nonwovens Thickness (30.5-99).
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The free absorbent capacity of the distribution layer 120 is measured as
follows. The
apparatus required includes a stainless steel test sieve of 2 mm nominal mesh
size according to
ISO 565, that is about 120 mm x 120 mm and a dish for containing the wire
gauze with the test
sample. The dish must be of sufficient volume to allow a test liquid depth of
20 mm. The test
liquid is 10% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate solution in distilled water. A suitable
weighing glass and
cover are used. A balance having an accuracy of plus or minus 0.01 g and a
stop watch are also
needed.
The test is conducted in a laboratory with an ambient temperature of 25.0
0.2 C and
relative humidity 50 5%. All apparatus and samples are equilibrated in the
testing environment
for two hours. The test dish is covered to prevent excessive evaporation. A
representative
rectilinear sample of the distribution layer 120 with a weight of 1.00 0.05
grams is cut from the
distribution layer material taking care not to compress or otherwise perturb
the structure. The
length divided by the width of the sample must be less than 2, with the length
being the longer
side of the sample. If an individual distribution layer 120 is not of
sufficient dimensions to
prepare such test pieces, more than one distribution layer 120 from more than
one package 10 can
be combined to provide a stack of rectilinear test pieces with the required
weight and aspect ratio.
Each test piece, or stack of pieces, is weighed on a balance having an
accuracy of 0.01 g. A test
piece (or stack) is placed on the wire gauze and is fastened thereto by a
suitable clip along the
width edge (i.e. within 1 mm of the edge of the material along the shorter
dimension in the plane
of the material). The wire mesh and attached sample are introduced to the test
liquid at an
oblique angle with the sample facing upwards. Once submerged, the gauze is
placed horizontally
20 mm below the surface of the test liquid. This is conveniently achieved if
the dish has a flat
bottom and the test fluid is 20 mm deep. After sixty seconds, plus or minus
one second, the
gauze and test piece (or stack) are removed from the test liquid and hung
freely to drain for one
hundred and twenty seconds, plus or minus three seconds. The sample is
oriented so that the clip
is at the top horizontal edge of the sample during the draining step. After
draining, the test piece
(or stack) is separated from the gauze without squeezing fluid from the test
piece or stack. The
mass of test piece (or stack) is then determined to within 0.1 gram. The
difference between the
mass of the test piece or stack prior to wetting, and the mass of the test
piece or stack after
wetting is the free absorbent capacity of the material in grams of fluid
absorbed per gram of
material. This is converted to volume of fluid absorbed per gram of material
by using 1 g/cm3 as
the test liquid density. The free absorbent capacity is taken to be the mean
of five measurements
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made following this procedure. Freshly conditioned test liquid is used for
each set of five
measurements.
Embodiments of the package 10 in which the package 10 is devoid of a contact
substrate
200, as shown in FIG. 11, are also contemplated. When the package 10 is
positioned in the
second position by breaking the backing layer 20 along the line of weakness
130, stain treatment
fluid 300 can flow through the discontinuity created in the backing layer 20.
In other words, in
the second position, the pouch 80 can be in fluid communication with the first
side 40 of the
backing layer. In the second position, the stain treatment fluid 300 can be
expelled through the
portion of the backing layer 20 that is discontinuous across the line of
weakness 130. In such an
embodiment, the stain treatment fluid 300 could be a gel to provide for
improved control of
application of the stain treatment fluid 300. As or after the fluid is applied
to the fabric being
treated, the broken edge of the backing layer 20 can be scraped back and forth
against the fabric
being treated, thereby applying and distributing the stain treatment fluid 300
to the stain and
potentially dislodging agglomerations/globules of the stain, bleaching the
stain, and/or
brightening the fabric.
A stained fabric can be treated by employing the package 10 illustrated in
FIG. 11 by
bending the backing layer 20 about the line of weakness 130 to move the first
planar region 22
and the second planar region 24 into a substantially facing relationship,
thereby making a portion
of the backing layer to be discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. As
the first planar
region 22 and the second planar region 24 are pressed towards one another by
the user, the stain
treatment fluid 300 is dispensed to the first side 40 of the backing layer 20
through the portion of
the backing layer 20 that is discontinuous across the line of weakness 130.
The backing layer 20
is gripped, for instance in a manner similar to that shown in FIG. 5, and the
user rubs the stained
fabric with the portion of the backing layer 20 that is discontinuous across
the line of weakness
130.
FIG. 12 is a cutaway perspective of an alternate embodiment of the package 10
that
provides for a package that can dispense a first stain treatment fluid 301 and
a second stain
treatment fluid 302. This arrangement might be practical in that two materials
that interact
favorably or provide for treatment efficacy for different types of stains can
be dispensed. For
instance, the first stain treatment fluid 301 might provide for effective
treatment of hydrophobic
grease stains and the second stain treatment fluid 302 might provide for
effective treatment of
hydrophilic wine stains, for instance by bleaching. The first stain treatment
fluid 301 might be a
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detergent and the second stain treatment fluid 302 might be a bleach compound.
Such an
arrangement might be beneficial for stain treatment fluid components are not
stable or lose
efficacy when stored together for prolong periods of time. Such an arrangement
might be
beneficial for stain treatment fluid components that have optimum efficacy
under different local
conditions (e.g. pH). The pouch layer 70 can be joined with the backing layer
20, or to the
coating layer 50 if present, thereby forming a first pouch 81 and a second
pouch 82. The first
pouch 81 and the second pouch 82 can be separated by a separating portion 83.
The separating
portion 83 can be generally aligned parallel with the line of weakness 130,
generally orthogonal
to the line of weakness 130, or otherwise generally aligned with the line of
weakness 130. The
first pouch 81 can contain the first stain treatment fluid 301 and the second
pouch 82 can contain
the second stain treatment composition 302. A portion of the separating
portion 83 can intersect
a portion of the line of weakness 130.
The package 10 can be covered by a removable protectant 400, for instance as
shown in
FIGS. 13 and 14. The first side 40 of backing layer 20 can be at least
partially covered by a
removable protectant 400. The removable protectant 400 can be selected from
the group
consisting of a wrap wrapped around the backing layer 20 and substantially
covering the contact
substrate 200, a slip liner at least partially enclosing the package 10, an
envelope enclosing the
package 10, a sealed packet enclosing the package 10, and a release strip
releaseably joined to the
backing layer 20. The contact substrate 200 is considered to be substantially
covered when more
than about 75% of the surface of the contact substrate 200 oriented away from
the first side 40 of
the backing layer 20 is covered. The protectant 400 can be comprised of, for
example, film,
paper, fibrous nonwoven, foil, or any other suitably durable material that can
withstand the wear
and tear that might occur to such protectant 400 containing the package 10
prior to use. The
protectant 400 might limit damage to the package 10 due to the package 10
being carried in a
wallet, purse, pocket, diaper bag, auto glove compartment, or other such
location that package 10
might be in prior to use. The protectant 400 might be releasably joined to the
first side 40 of the
backing layer 20 by an adhesive. The protectant 400 might be releasably joined
to the backing
layer 20 using any known approach for attaching two materials including, but
not limited to,
adhesive, glue, ultrasonic bonding, chemical bonding, thermal bonding, and
fusion bonding.
The package 10 can be a dispensing package such as that disclosed in U.S.
Patent No.
7,506,762 B2. The package 10 can be a dispensing package such as that
disclosed in U.S. Patent
Pub. No. 2009/0074502 Al.
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In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can be a
polypropylene/polyethylene 70/30
hollow 16 segmented pie microfiber from ES Fibervisions/Chisso, referred to as
code 020 having
a fiber diameter of 2.2 denier, fiber length of 51 mm, and a basis weight of
60 g/m2. In one
embodiment, the contact substrate can be selected from the group consisting of
a foam, a fibrous
material, a film, a brush, and combinations thereof. Without being bound by
theory, it is thought
that a contact substrate 200 that presents a rough surface to the fabric being
treated can improve
stain treatment because the rough surface can aid with dislodging the stain
from the fabric. The
contact substrate 200 can be Product ID: MF-60PEP available from Kinsei Seishi
Co., Ltd.,
Kochi-shi, Japan.
A contact substrate 200 comprising micro fibers can provide for effective
stain removal.
Without being bound by theory, it is thought that the micro fibers provide for
smaller interstitial
spaces between the fibers making up the contact substrate, such smaller spaces
being able to hold
greasy materials more effectively than a contact substrate 200 consisting of
larger fibers. In one
embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise micro fibers having a
diameter between
about 0.1 micrometers and about 5 micrometers. In one embodiment, the contact
substrate 200
can comprise microfibers having a diameter less than about 5 micrometers. The
micro fibers can
be notched-pie micro fibers, which have sharp fiber edges that are generated
during formation of
such micro fibers. The micro fibers can be staple fibers or continuous
splitted fibers. The micro
fibers can be split polypropylene-polyethylene micro fibers.
The contact substrate 200 can be selected from the group consisting of
polyethylene,
polypropylene, nylon, polyethylene terephthalate, rayon, and combinations
thereof. Such fiber
types are thought to possibly provide for stain lifting due to their molecular
makeup. The contact
substrate can be selected from the group consisting of a nonwoven comprising
microfibers, a
woven comprising microfibers, a looped woven comprising microfibers, and
combinations
thereof, with micro fibers being practical as discussed above.
Without being bound by theory, it is thought that for fabric stains comprising
grease or oil
the Hansen solubility parameters of the contact substrate 200 can be
indicative of the ability of
the contact substrate 200 to lift such stains from the fabric being treated.
The book titled Hansen
Solubility Parameters A User's Handbook, Second Edition, 2007, by Charles M.
Hansen,
published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, Florida,
United States of
America, is a treatise on Hansen solubility parameters. For a particular
molecule, there are three
Hansen solubility parameters: 8D, 8P, and 8H, where 8D is the dispersion
component of interaction
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energy between molecules per molar volume, 8p is the polar component of
interaction energy
between molecules per molar volume, and 8H is the bonding energy component of
interaction
energy between molecules per molar volume. The three parameters can be thought
of as
coordinates of a point in three dimensional space referred to as the Hansen
space.
In the context of treatment of a stain, it is believed that the ability for a
contact substrate
200 to lift a grease or oil stain from a fabric depends on the Hansen
solubility parameters of the
grease or oil stain to be removed from the fabric and the contact substrate
200. Stain lifting is
thought to be provided for when the Hansen solubility parameters of the
contact substrate 200 are
proximal in Hansen space to the Hansen solubility parameters of the grease or
oil stain being
treated. When the Hansen solubility parameters of the contact substrate 200
and stain being
treated are related as such, it is thought that the stain and the contact
substrate 200 can be
molecularly similar enough to one another such that the stain can be
transferred from the stained
fabric to the contact substrate 200.
The Hansen solubility parameters for a contact substrate 200 are determined
using HSPiP
Version 2.0 software available, as of January 7, 2010, from http://www.hansen-
solubility.com/.
The Hansen solubility parameters for each constituent polymer molecule of the
contact substrate
200 are determined using the polymer HSP prediction tool in HSPiP by
specifying the
monomeric unit and attachment points using a modified SMILES notation. A
repeat unit of 1 is
used. If any of the Hansen solubility parameters are predicted by HSPiP
Version 2.0 to be less
than zero, such parameter is determined to have a value of zero.
For a contact substrate 200 that comprises two or more different molecules,
the Hansen
solubility parameters are computed based on a weighted mass fraction of the
constituent
molecules as follows:
n
6x Y oi6x,i
i=1
where x is D, P, or H, depending on the specific Hansen Solubility Parameter
being computed, i
is the numerical identifier of the constituent molecule, and 0 is the mass
fraction of the
constituent molecule. Such an approach for determining the Hansen solubility
parameters of a
contact substrate 200 comprising two or more different molecules may not
factor in how the
spatial relationship of different molecules to the stain to be lifted might
affect stain removal, for
instance as might be the case for a fiber having a core/sheath arrangement.
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A contact substrate 200 having Hansen solubility parameters that lie in or
near the same
general region of Hansen space as lard and olive oil, as reported by Hansen
Solubility Parameters
A User's Handbook, Second Edition, 2007, or taco grease, can be employed as
the contact
substrate 200. Such a contact substrate 200 might be able to provide for
improved stain lifting, as
compared to contact substrates 200 having Hansen solubility parameters that
are distant from
greases and oils in Hansen space.
FIGS. 15 and 16 can be interpreted together to provide for a three-dimensional
illustration
of the Hansen space that can be of interest. The solid circular arc
illustrated in FIGS. 16 and 17
represents the part of the edge of a Hansen space spherical volume for which
8D, 8P, and 8H are
positive. For instance FIG. 15 can be thought of as a side view of Hansen
space in which 8H and
8P are presented to the viewer and FIG. 16 can be though of as a top view of
Hansen space in
which 8D and 8p are presented to the viewer. FIGS. 15 and 16 can be
interpreted together to
provide for a three-dimensional illustration of the Hansen space that can be
of interest. The solid
circular arcs illustrated in FIGS. 15 and 16 represents the part of the edge
of a Hansen space
spherical volume for which 8D, 8p, and 8H are positive.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 10000 MPa 3/2, the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a
dispersion
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about
18 MPa1/2, a
polar component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of
about 1
MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2. As used herein, the Hansen space spherical volume
is considered
to include negative Hansen solubility parameters such that the Hansen space
spherical volume
extends outside of what is described as the Hansen space in Hansen Solubility
Parameters A
User's Handbook, Second Edition, 2007. That is, the Hansen space spherical
volume includes
negative values of 8D, 8P, or 8H that are outside of the Hansen space which is
limited to values of
8D, 8P, or 8H that are positive. As such, for example, it can be understood
that a contact substrate
200 having values of 8D, 8P, or 8H that are positive that fall within part of
a Hansen space
spherical volume can be of interest.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 34000 MPa 9 the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a
dispersion
3/2
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component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about
18 MPa1/2, a
polar component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of
about 1
MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 34000 MPa 3/2, the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a
dispersion
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about
18 MPa1/2, a
polar component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of
about 1
MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2, and 8D is between about 15 MPav2 and about 20
MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 34000 MPa 3/2 but outside a Hansen space spherical volume of about 10000
MPa 3/29 the
Hansen space spherical volumes being centered at a dispersion component of
interaction energy
between molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of
interaction
energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2, and a bonding
energy
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H of about
3 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 34000 MPa 3/2 but outside a Hansen space spherical volume of about 10000
MPa 3/2, the
Hansen space spherical volumes being centered at a dispersion component of
interaction energy
between molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of
interaction
energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2, and a bonding
energy
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H of about
3 MPa1/2, and
8D is between about 15 MPav2 and about 20 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 25000 MPa 3/2, or of about 20000 MPa 3/2, or of about 15000 MPa 3/29 the
Hansen space
spherical volume being centered at a dispersion component of interaction
energy between
molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of
interaction energy
1/2
between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa, and a bonding energy
component of
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interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 25000 MPa 3/2, or of about 20000 MPa 3/2, or of about 15000 MPa 3/2, the
Hansen space
spherical volume being centered at a dispersion component of interaction
energy between
molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of
interaction energy
between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2, and a bonding energy
component of
interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2,
and 8D is between
about 15 MPai/2 and about 20 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 25000 MPa 3/2, or of about 20000 MPa 3/2, or of about 15000 MPa 3/2, but
outside a Hansen
space spherical volume of about 10000 MPa 3/29 the Hansen space spherical
volumes being
centered at a dispersion component of interaction energy between molecules per
molar volume 8D
of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction
energy between
molecules per molar volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 25000 MPa 3/2, or of about 20000 MPa 3/2, or of about 15000 MPa 3/2, but
outside a Hansen
space spherical volume of about 10000 MPa 3/29 the Hansen space spherical
volumes being
centered at a dispersion component of interaction energy between molecules per
molar volume 8D
of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction
energy between
molecules per molar volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2, and 8D is between about 15
MPa1/2 and about
20 MPai/2.
In one embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous material
having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 10000 MPa 3/2 the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a
dispersion
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about
18 MPa1/2, a
polar component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of
about 1
MPa1/2, and a bonding energy component of interaction energy between molecules
per molar
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volume 8H of about 3 MPa1/2, and 8D is between about 15 MPav2 and about 20
MPa1/2.
In other embodiments, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous
material having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 9000 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 8500 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 8000
MPa 3/2,
alternatively about 6000 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 4000 MPa 3/2,
alternatively about 3000 MPa
3/2
the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a dispersion component of
interaction
energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar
component of
interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2,
and a bonding
energy component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H
of about 3
MPav2
In other embodiments, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous
material having
Hansen solubility parameters that are positive falling within a Hansen space
spherical volume of
about 9000 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 8500 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 8000
MPa 3/2
alternatively about 6000 MPa 3/2, alternatively about 4000 MPa 3/2,
alternatively about 3000 MPa
3/2
the Hansen space spherical volume being centered at a dispersion component of
interaction
energy between molecules per molar volume 8D of about 18 MPa1/2, a polar
component of
interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8p of about 1 MPa1/2,
and a bonding
energy component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume 8H
of about 3
MPa1/2, and 8D is between about 15 MPav2 and about 20 MPav2 for each of these
defined Hansen
space spherical volumes.
In other embodiments, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous
material having
Hansen solubility parameters 8D, 8p, and 8H that are positive wherein OD-18
MPa1/2)2+(8P-1
MPa1/2)2+(8H-3 MPa1/2)2]v2 is less than about 13 MPa1/2. In an another
embodiment, the contact
substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous substrate having Hansen solubility
parameters 8D, 8P, and 8H
that are positive wherein OD-18 MPa1/2)2+(8P-1 MPav2)2+(8H-3 MPav2)2]v2 is
less than about 11
/2, alternatively less than about 9 MPa1~2, alternatively less than about 7
MPa1~2
MPa1 , alternatively
less than about 5 MPa1/2.
In an another embodiment, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous
material
having Hansen solubility parameters 8D, 8p, and 8H that are positive wherein
8D is the dispersion
component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume, 8p is the
polar component
of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume, and 8H is the
bonding energy
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component of interaction energy between molecules per molar volume, wherein OD-
18
MPav2)2+(8p-1 MPav2)2+(8H-3 MPav2)2]v2 is less than about 13 MPav2 and 8D is
between about
15 MPa1/2 and about 20 MPa1/2.
In other embodiments, the contact substrate 200 can comprise a fibrous
material having
Hansen solubility parameters 8D, 8p, and 8H that are positive wherein OD-18
MPa1/2)2+(8p-1
MPav2)2+(8H-3 MPav2)2]v2 is less than about 11 MPa1/2, alternatively less than
about 9 MPa1/2,
alternatively less than about 7 MPa1/2, alternatively less than about 5
MPa1/29 and 8D is between
about 15 MPav2 and about 20 MPav2 for each of these embodiments.
Without being bound by theory, it is believed that contact substrates 200 as
described can
not only function to deliver the stain treatment fluid 300 to the stained
fabric and possibly acquire
components of the strain by happenstance, but the contact substrate 200 itself
can provide for
improved removal of a stain having Hansen solubility parameters that lie in
Hansen space
proximal to the Hansen solubility parameters of the contact substrate 200, as
compared to contact
substrates 200 having Hansen solubility parameters that are distant from the
stain being treated.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may be one known in the art for
stain
treatment such as compositions containing a chelating agent, radical scavenger
and preferably a
bleach disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,846,332.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can be aqueous or non-aqueous. In
one
embodiment the composition comprises from 0% to about 99.99%, alternatively
from about 70%
to about 99.99%, alternatively from about 90% to about 99.9%, alternatively
from about 94.0% to
about 99.0%, by weight, of water and therefore be aqueous solutions.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can comprise additional
components such as
bleach, surfactant, solvent, chelating agents, radical scavengers, and
mixtures thereof.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can comprise from about 0.001% to
about
99.99%, alternatively from about 0% to about 15%, still alternatively from
about 0.001% to about
7%, by weight of the composition, of bleach. In one embodiment, the bleach can
be selected from
the group consisting of peroxide bleach (such as N, N -
Phthaloylaminoperoxycaproic acid or
other peroxy-oic acid), hydrogen peroxide, and mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment, the
composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can comprise from about 0.5% to about
3%, by weight of
the composition, of hydrogen peroxide. Peroxide sources other than hydrogen
peroxide can be
used herein. The comparative per-acids, per-salts, per-bleaches, metal
catalysts, and the like
known from the detergency art can be used.
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The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can comprise from about 0.001% to
about
99.99%, alternatively from about 0.05% to about 5%, still alternatively from
about 0.05% to
about 2%, by weight of the composition, of surfactant. Surfactants can be
selected from the group
consisting of nonionic, anionic, cationic, zwitterionic surfactants, and
mixtures thereof. Specific
examples include ethoxylated alcohols or propoxylated, ethoxylated alcohols
and sulfates of
these, or alkyl phenols, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl sulfonates,
NaAES, NH4AES,
alkyl quats, amine oxides, and mixtures thereof.
Nonionic surfactants such as the ethoxylated C10-C16 alcohols, e.g., NEODOL 23-
6.5,
low molecular weight alkyl/aryl amines, alkyl/aryl polyamines, or combinations
there of may be
used in the compositions. Alkyl sulfate surfactants which may be used herein
as cleaners and to
stabilize aqueous compositions are the C8-C18 primary ("AS"; preferred C10-
C14, sodium salts),
as well as branched-chain and random C10-C20 alkyl sulfates, and C10-C18
secondary (2,3) alkyl
sulfates of the formula CH3(CH2)x(CHOSO3-M+) CH3 and CH3 (CH2)y(CHOSO3-M+)
CH2CH3 where x and (y + 1) are integers of at least 7, preferably at least 9,
and M is a water-
solubilizing cation, especially sodium, potassium, and magnesium as well as
unsaturated sulfates
such as oleoyl sulfate. Alkyl ethoxy sulfate (AES) surfactants used herein are
conventionally
depicted as having the formula R(EO)xSO3Z, wherein R is C10-C16 alkyl, EO is -
CH2CH2-O-, x
is 1-10 and can include mixtures which are conventionally reported as
averages, e.g., (EO)2.5,
(EO)6.5 and the like, and Z is a cation such as sodium, ammonium, potassium,
or magnesium
(MgAES). In addition, surfactants such as quaternary alkyl ammonium compounds
where
suitable counter-ions could include but are not limited to chloride and alkyl
sulfate. C8-C16 alkyl
amine oxide surfactants can also be used.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may comprise from 0% to about
99.99%,
alternatively from about 0% to about 20%, still alternatively from 0% to about
10%, by weight of
the composition, of a non-aqueous solvent. Solvents useful herein include
butoxy propoxy
propanol (BPP), benzyl alcohol, cyclohexanedimethylamine, glycol ethers such
as diethylene
glycol, dipropylene glycol and propylene glycol phenyl ether, or other
solvents as described
herein. In one embodiment, the solvent is an organic solvent. In one
embodiment, the composition
will comprise from about 1% to about 4% of BPP which is available in
commercial quantities as a
mixture of isomers in about equal amounts.
Other useful solvents are hydrotropes such as sodium toluene sulfonate and
sodium
cumene sulfonate, short-chain alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, and
the like. They can be
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present in the compositions as only solvents or in combination with other
solvents.
The weight ratio of solvent:surfactant(s) can be in the range of from about
10:1 to about
1:1. In one embodiment, the composition comprises 2% of a mixture of glycol
ether and
diethylene glycol solvent and 0.3% sodium lauryl sulfate.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may include a chelating agent.
The
compositions can comprise up to about 5%, by weight of the total composition,
of a chelating
agent, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the composition comprises from
about 0.001% to
about 1.5%, alternatively from about 0.001% to about 0.5%, and alternatively
from about 0.001%
to about 5%, of chelating agent, by weight of the stain treatment fluid.
Chelants that can include any of those known to those skilled in the art such
as
phosphonate chelating agents, amino carboxylate chelating agents, other
carboxylate chelating
agents, ethylenediamine N,N'- disuccinic acids, polyfunctionally-substituted
aromatic chelating
agents, citric acids, and mixtures thereof.
In one embodiment, the chelating agents can be amino aminotri(methylene
phosphonic
acid), di-ethylene-triamino-pentaacetic acid, diethylene triamine penta
methylene phosphonate,
1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-benzenedisulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy ethane diphosphonate,
ethylenediamine N,
N'-disuccinic acid, and mixtures thereof.
The compositions herein may also contain organic stabilizers for improving the
chemical
stability of the composition, provided that such materials are compatible or
suitably formulated.
When incorporated, organic stabilizers can be used at levels from about 0.001%
to about 5.0%,
alternatively from about 0.001% to about 0.5%, by weight of the composition.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may comprise a radical scavenger
or a
mixture thereof. Radical scavengers can be present herein in amounts ranging
from up to about
10% by weight of the composition. In one embodiment, the composition comprises
from about
0.001% to about 0.5%, by weight of the composition, of the radical scavenger.
Radical scavengers useful herein can comprise the well-known substituted mono
and
dihydroxy benzenes and their analogs, alkyl and aryl carboxylates and mixtures
thereof. Specific
examples include 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid (TMBA) and tetrabutyl
ethylidinebisphenol.
The composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may comprise minor amounts of
various
optional ingredients, including enzymes, preservatives, anti-static agents,
antioxidants/stabilizers,fragrance perfumes, odor absorbing components (such
as cyclodextrins),
bleach activators, builders, polymeric soil release agents, dispersant
polymers, oil absorbing
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polymers; anti-tarnish and/or anti-corrosion agents, dyes, fillers,
germicides, hydrotropes,
solvotropes, enzyme stabilizing agents, solubilizing agents, clay soil
removal/anti-redeposition
agents, fabric softeners, dye transfer inhibiting agents, brightners, bleach
catalysts, static control
agents, thickeners, and the like. If used, such optional ingredients can
comprise from 0.0001% to
10%, alternatively from 0.01% to 2%, by weight, of the composition.
The pH of this formula can be chosen to maximize the cleaning efficacy of the
specific
formulation. When hydrogen peroxide is present in the formula, pH must be
maintained between
3 and 6. When hydrogen peroxide is not present, pH can be higher. A buffer may
be used to
maintain the desired pH, for example, citric acid.
In one embodiment, the composition of stain treatment fluid 300 can be
formulated so as
to leave little visible residue on fabric surfaces after a stain on such
fabric surface is treated.
Accordingly, the composition of stain treatment fluid 300 may be substantially
free of various
polyacrylate-based emulsifiers, polymeric anti-static agents, inorganic
builder salts and other
residue-forming materials, except at low levels of from about 0.1% to about
0.3%, by weight of
the composition, and preferably includes 0% of such materials (%, as used
herein, denotes % by
weight of 100% active). Similarly, water used in the compositions of stain
treatment fluid 300
can be distilled, deionized or otherwise rendered free of residue-forming
materials.
In one embodiment, compositions of stain treatment fluid 300 can be formulated
as liquid
fabric treatment compositions. In one alternative they may be provided as a
gel.
Prophetic Examples of the Composition of Stain Treatment Fluid 300
Stain Treatment Fluid 300 - Example 1
% (wt) of 100% active component formula range
Glycol Ether 1.0-2.0
Hydrogen peroxide 1.0-3.0
Alkyl sulfate surfactant 0.3-1.0
Perfume 0.005-0.01
Ethanol 0.3-1.0
BHT 0.01-0.05
Citric Acid 0.03-0.1
Water Balance
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Stain Treatment Fluid 300 - Example 2
% (wt) of 100% active component formula range
Diethylene Glycol 1.0-2.0
Hydrogen peroxide 1.5-3.0
LIPOLASE 0.3-0.5
Alkyl sulfate surfactant 0.3-1.0
Perfume 0.005-0.01
Ethanol 0.3-1.0
Trimethoxy benzoic acid 0.01-.05
Ethylene diamine-N-N'-dissuccinic acid chelating agent 0.03-0.1
Water Balance
Stain Treatment Fluid 300 - Examples 3 & 4
% (wt) of 100% active component formula range
Ex. 3 Ex. 4
Glycol Ether 1.50 .50
Diethylene Glycol 1.00 1.50
Hydrogen peroxide 1.00 1.50
Amine Oxide 0.25 0.35
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 1.00 0.80
Perfume 0.02 0.03
Citric Acid 1.0 0.07
Magnesium Sulfate 0.10 0.18
Ethylene diamine-N-N'-dissuccinic acid 0.0025 0.0015
Water Balance Balance
Stain Treatment Fluid 300-Example 5
% (wt) of 100% active component formula range
Ex. 5
Glycol Ether 0-2%
Diethylene Glycol 0-2%
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Propyleneglycol phenyl ether 0-3%
Hydrogen peroxide 0-3%
Amine Oxide 0-1.5%
C 12 trimethyl ammonium chloride 0-1.5%
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 0-3%
Alkyl benzene sulfonic acid 0-3%
Perfume 0-0.1
Citric Acid 0-0.3
Magnesium Sulfate 0-0.3
Ethylene diamine-N-N'-dissuccinic acid 0-0.3
Water Balance
Ph 3-9
Stain Treatment Fluid 300-Examples 6-12
% (wt) of 100% active component formula range
Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex.8 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12
Glycol Ether 0 0 0 0 0.5 1 1
Diethylene 0 0 1 0 0.5 0 1
Glycol
Propyleneglycol 0 1.5 2 0 1.5 2 1.5
Phenyl Ether
Hydrogen 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Peroxide
Amine Oxide 0.3 0.3 1 0 0 0 0.3
C12 Trimethyl 0 0 0 0.3 0.3 1 0
Ammonium
Chloride
Sodium Lauryl 0 0.9 0.9 0 0.9 1.2 0.9
Sulfate
Alkyl Benzene 0.9 0 0 0.9 0 0 0
Sulfonic Acid
Perfume 0.025 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.02
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Citric Acid 0.15 0.08 0.3 0.2 0.08 0.3 0.15
Magnesium 0.15 0 0 0.15 0 0 0.15
Sulfate
Ethylene 0 0.0025 0.3 0 0.0025 0.3 0.0025
Diamine-N-N' -
Dissuccinic
Acid
Water Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance Balance
pH 3 6 8 3 6 8 6
In one embodiment, the stain treatment fluid 300 can comprise 95.05 % by
weight
distilled water, 0.34 % by weight sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.68 % by weight
amine oxide, 1.5 % by
weight glycol ether PPh, 0.2 % by weight EDDS, 0.21 % by weight citric acid,
1.00 % by weight
hydrogen peroxide, 0.02 % by weight perfume. In one embodiment, the stain
treatment fluid
300 can comprise 96.04750 % by weight distilled water, 0.90 % by weight sodium
lauryl sulfate,
0.15 % by weight magnesium sulfate solution, 0.30 % by weight amine oxide, 1.5
% by weight
glycol ether PPh, 0.0025 % by weight EDDS, 0.08 % by weight citric acid, 1.00
% by weight
hydrogen peroxide, 0.02 % by weight perfume.
The contact substrate 200 can have at least one side that is light colored. A
light colored
contact substrate 200 can function as an indicator that the stain being
treated is being effectively
lifted from the fabric being treated and being transferred to the contact
substrate 200. As the
contact substrate 200 acquires the stain, the color of the contact substrate
may tend to darken.
For stains on patterned fabrics, which may be hard to see in low lighting
situations, such as a
restaurant, where stains are likely to occur, having a light colored contact
substrate 200 that
darkens when used can help the user of the contact substrate monitor that the
stain is being
removed.
A contact substrate 200 can have a L* value greater than about 80. A contact
substrate
200 can have an L* value greater than about 85. A contact substrate 200 can
have an L* value
greater than about 90. A contact substrate 200 can have an L* value greater
than about 95. A
contact substrate 200 can have an L* value of greater than about 90 and an a*
value between
about -5 and about 5 and a b* value between about -5 and about 5.
The color of a contact substrate 200 is measured by the reflectance
spectrophotometer
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according to the colors L*, a*, and b* values. If the contact substrate 200 is
joined to a backing
layer 20, the L*, a*, and b* values of the contact substrate 200 are measured
on the side of the
contact substrate 200 that is oriented away from the backing layer 20.
Reflectance color is measured using the Hunter Lab LabScan XE reflectance
spectrophotometer obtained from Hunter Associates Laboratory of Reston, Va. A
contact
substrate 200 is tested at an ambient temperature between 65 F and 75 F and
a relative humidity
between 50% and 80%.
The spectrophotometer is set to the CIELab color scale and with a D65
illumination. The
Observer is set at 10 and the Mode is set at 45/0 . Area View is set to
0.125" and Port Size is set
to 0.20". The spectrophotometer is calibrated prior to sample analysis
utilizing the black glass
and white reference tiles supplied from the vendor with the instrument.
Calibration is done
according to the manufacturer's instructions as set forth in LabScan XE User's
Manual, Manual
Version 1.1, August 2001, A60-1010-862. If cleaning is required of the
reference tiles or
samples, only tissues that do not contain embossing, lotion, or brighteners
should be used (e.g.,
PUFFS tissue). Any sample point on the contact substrate 200 facing away from
the first side 40
of the backing layer 20 can be selected.
The contact substrate 200 is placed over the sample port of the
spectrophotometer with a
white clamp disk placed behind the contact substrate 200. The contact
substrate is to be in a
substantially flat condition and free of wrinkles.
The contact substrate is removed and repositioned so that a minimum of three
readings of
color of the contact substrate are conducted. Each of the readings is to be
performed at a
different region of the contact substrate so that no two sample points
overlap. The readings are
averaged to yield the reported L*, a*, and b* values.
The package 10, as described herein, can be used in a method for treating a
stained
fabric. The steps of the method can include bending the backing layer 20 about
the line of
weakness 130 to move the first planar region 22 and the second planar region
24 into a
substantially facing relationship, thereby making a portion of the backing
layer 20 to be
discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. The stain treatment fluid 300
can be dispensed
to the first side 40 of the backing layer 20 through the portion of the
backing layer 20 that is
discontinuous across the line of weakness 130. The backing layer can then
gripped by the user
and the stained fabric is rubbed with the portion of the backing layer 20 that
is discontinuous
across the line of weakness 130. If a contact substrate 200 is part of the
package 10, the stain
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treatment fluid 300 is dispensed to the fluid pervious contact substrate 200
joined to the first side
of the backing layer 20 proximal the line of weakness 130, as part of the
method. If a
distribution layer 120 is present, the stain treatment fluid 300 can be
transported through the
distribution layer 120 to the contact substrate 200.
A stained fabric can be treated by a method for treating a stained fabric
comprising the
steps of: providing a contact substrate 200 containing a stain treatment fluid
300, the contact
substrate 200 comprising micro fibers having a diameter less than about 5
micrometers;
contacting the contact substrate 200 with the stained fabric thereby
transferring the stain
treatment fluid 300 to the stained fabric; and rubbing the stained fabric with
the contact substrate
200; wherein the stain treatment fluid 300 comprises from about 0.001% to
about 99.99%, by
weight of the stain treatment fluid 300, of a surfactant. The contact
substrate 200 can be any of
the embodiments of the contact substrate 200 described herein. A stain wiping
implement can
be used to practice the method, wherein the contact substrate 200 is joined to
the backing layer
20. The backing layer 20 can provide a grip for the user as she wipes the
stain with the contact
substrate 200. The step of rubbing the stained fabric with the contact
substrate can be assisted
by a backing layer 20 joined to the contact substrate 200. The stain wiping
implement can be a
backing layer 20. The stain wiping implement can be a rigid body sized and
dimensioned for
gripping by a human hand, the rigid body being operably engaged with the
contact substrate 200.
The method can be performed on a garment while the user of the package 10 is
wearing
the garment. The stained fabric can be a fibrous woven or nonwoven web. For
example, the
stained fabric can be part of a garment. In one embodiment, the method can be
employed to
treat a grease or oil stain on a fabric.
A test to measure taco grease stain removal for a variety of contact
substrates, listed in
Table 1, was performed.
Table 1. Contact Substrates Tested.
Contact Substrate Basis WeightA
Reference Number Contact Substrate Manufacturer g/m2
1 Spun Viscose Challis P&G 138
(ISO 105/F02), style 266
(Woven Viscose)
2 5 m fiber 70/30 Evolon 80
PET/Nylon; EVO80S0
3 20 m fiber PP P&G 60
4 20 m fiber PET P&G 60
5 18 m fiber PE (PET P&G 50
core with PE sheath)
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6 19 m fiber PE (PP core P&G 18
with PE sheath)
7 22 m fiber Nylon 6/6 P&G 30
8 5 m fiber 50%150% P&G 60
PP/PE
9 5 m fiber P&G 60
30%/30%/40%
PP/PE/Rayon
15 m fiber, 100% Split P&G 90
Fibers Viscose (Rayon)
A. Basis weight computed based on the mass of a single 10 cm square specimen
Stain removal testing was performed using a six position Nu-Martindale
abrasion tester.
The stained fabrics tested were 140 mm diameter specimens of bleached,
mercerized, combed
cotton broadcloth available from Testfabrics, Inc., West Pittiston, PA, USA. A
stain treatment
fluid was prepared by adding 3.1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) solution
and 0.94 g amine
oxide (AO) solution to 96.37 g deionized water to make 0.9% AO, 0.3% SLS
solution for the
purposes of testing stain removal and the contact substrates were wetted with
the stain treatment
fluid. The contact substrates tested each had a diameter of 38 mm.
The contact substrates and cotton broadcloth specimens tested were
equilibrated in a
constant temperature (70 2 F) and humidity (65% 2% relative humidity)
(CTCH) room for at
least 8 hours prior to testing. After the equilibration period, the initial
mass of each contact
substrate tested was measured.
Standard taco grease, obtained from Empirical Manufacturing Company,
Cincinnati, OH,
USA, heated in a water bath to between 113 F to 122 F and aspirated into a
pipette was applied
to the cotton broad cloth specimens in the CTCH room using the pipette. One
milliliter of the
standard taco grease was then applied to each of the contact substrates using
a pipette. The mass
of taco grease applied to each cotton broad cloth specimen was 0.2850 +/-
0.0250 g. After
applying the taco grease to the cotton broad cloth specimen, the cotton broad
cloth specimen
stained with taco grease was allowed to cool for ten minutes.
The cotton broad cloth specimens and contact substrates were affixed in the
individual
abrasion positions of the Nu-Martindale abrasion tester. Each position of the
Nu-Martindale
abrasion tester provides for a single cotton broad cloth specimen to be
abraded with a single
contact substrate. A 12 kPa (1.4 pound) weight was used to apply normal force
(perpendicular to
treatment surface) to the substrate to apply stress during abrasion. The
number of abrading cycles
employed in the testing was 500.
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After abrasion, the cotton broad cloth specimens and contact substrates were
removed
from the abrasion tester and equilibrated in the CTCH room for at least eight
hours. After the
equilibration period, the mass of the cotton broad cloth specimens and contact
substrates were
individually measured. The mass of taco grease acquired by the contact
substrate was determined
by subtracting the initial mass of the contact substrate from the final mass
of the contact substrate
after abrasion. The mass of any component of the stain treatment fluid
remaining on the contact
substrate after abrasion testing and the equilibration period after abrasion
testing was assumed to
be negligible because the mass of non-water components in the stain treatment
fluid was small
and some of the stain treatment fluid initially applied to the contact
substrate was possibly
transferred to the cotton broad cloth specimens. The stain treatment ability
of the contact
substrates was quantified in terms of taco grease absorption, defined as the
mass of taco grease
acquired per mass of contact substrate.
The Hansen solubility parameters of the taco grease were measured
experimentally using
a multiple solvents method, the method based in part on the methods described
in Hansen
Solubility Parameters A User's Handbook, Second Edition, 2007, by Charles M.
Hansen,
published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group LLC, Boca Raton, Florida,
United States of
America. The Hansen solubility parameters for the taco grease were determined
to be 8D=17.62
MPa1/2, 8p=1.06 MPa1/2, 8H=3.06 MPa1/2. The radius of the sphere, R, for taco
grease in Hansen
space was determined to be R=5.9 MPav2.
The degree of taco grease visual dissolution was scored by adding by glass
pipette 5 mL
of the given solvent to 0.5 g of the taco grease in a test tube and vortexing
for 10 seconds. A
result described as clear-no separation-total dissolution was assigned a score
of 1. A result of
cloudy-no separation was assigned a score of 2. A result of cloudy-separation
was assigned a
score of 3. A result of slightly cloudy-separation was assigned a score of 4.
A result of slightly
hazy-separation was assigned a score of 5. A result of clear-separation was
assigned a score of 6.
These characterizations were selected to generally correspond with the scale
set forth in
Appendix A, Table A.3 of Hansen Solubility Parameters A User's Handbook,
Second Edition,
the scale set forth therein being for a different solvent-solute system.
Table 2 is a list of the observed taco grease visual dissolution score for
solvents acting on
taco grease.
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Solvent Taco Grease Visual
Dissolution Score
Propylene Glycol 6
Diethylene Glycol 6
Di ro lene Glycol 5
Glycerol 6
Methanol 6
Acetonitrile 6
Ethanol 6
n-Hexane 1
Ethylene Glycol 2
Monobutyl Ether
Cyclohexane 1
Chlorobenzene 1
1,2-Dichloroethane 1
Acetone 2
Ethylene Glycol 6
Chloroform 1
Formic Acid 90% 4
Ethanolamine 6
C clohex lamine 1
Acetic Acid 3
A score of 1 was considered to indicate that the taco grease was soluble in
the solvent
scored. Scores 2-6 were considered to indicate that the taco grease was
insoluble in the solvent
scored. The Hansen solubility parameters for the solvents used was entered
into the HSPiP
software.
The HSPiP software best fitting method was used to identify solutions for the
Hansen
solubility parameters for taco grease such that the solvents in which the taco
grease was soluble
were separated from the solvents in which the taco grease was insoluble, the
solutions being
spheres in Hansen space inclusive of solvents in which the taco grease was
soluble and exclusive
of solvents in which the taco grease was insoluble. The best fitting method
does not produce a
unique solution since there are potentially an infinite number of spheres that
can meet the
constraint of dividing solvents based on whether taco grease is soluble or
insoluble therein and a
random process is used in the software to identify the solution. Multiple runs
of the best fitting
method were performed to identify a potential minimum radius for the sphere of
taco grease in
Hansen space.
The potential minimum radius of the sphere identified after multiple runs of
the best
fitting method was then selected as a starting estimate for the radius to
better define the radius of
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the sphere in Hansen space inclusive of solvents in which the taco grease was
soluble and
exclusive of solvents in which the taco grease was insoluble.
The starting estimate for the radius was then iterated upon to determine the
minimum
radius for which a solution for the Hansen solubility parameters was possible
that still allowed for
the solvents in which the taco grease was soluble to be separated from the
solvents in which the
taco grease was insoluble. Five runs of the iterative process starting with
the starting estimate for
the radius were conducted to determine the minimum radius were done to
identify the minimum
radius. The Hansen solubility parameters and radii generated from iterations
starting with the
starting estimate for the radius were recorded as being the smallest spheres
containing the
solvents in which the taco grease was soluble.
The fitting process described above was repeated for the condition in which
the solvent in
which the taco grease was insoluble closest to a solvent in which the taco
grease was soluble was
considered to be a solvent in which the taco grease was soluble. Such analysis
identified the
largest spheres containing the solvents in which the taco grease was soluble
plus the solvent in
which the taco grease was insoluble that was closest to a solvent in which the
taco grease was
soluble. These Hansen solubility parameters and radii were recorded as being
the largest spheres
containing the solvents in which the taco grease was soluble.
The Hansen solubility parameters for the smallest spheres and the largest
spheres were
averaged and these averaged parameters were recorded as being descriptive of
the Hansen
solubility parameters for taco grease. The Hansen solubility parameters and
radius determined by
this approach are descriptive of a sphere having a periphery beyond the
periphery of the average
of the smallest spheres and within the average of the largest spheres.
The Hansen solubility parameters listed in Table 2 for the contact substrates
tested were
determined using HSPiP Version 2.0 software as described above. Relative
energy difference
between each contact substrate tested and taco grease was computed using
relative energy
difference formula provided in Hansen Solubility Parameters A User's Handbook,
Second
Edition, 2007, by Charles M. Hansen, published by CRC Press, Taylor & Francis
Group LLC,
Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America:
RED (4(6D -17.62MPa"2)2 +(b. -1.06MPa"2)2 +(b -3.06MPah/2)2Y'2
=
R
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the values of 17.62, 1.06, and 3.06 in the equation being experimentally
determined 8D MPa1/2,
8p MPa1/2, and 8H MPa1/2, respectively. R was set to have a value of 1 MPa1~2
such that the
relative energy difference was computed based only on 8D, 8p, and 8H for the
taco grease tested.
Table 2. Hansen Solubility Parameters for Contact Substrates tested and
Results of Grease
Absorption Testing using a Nu-Martindale Abrasion Tester.
Contact 8D 8P 8H Relative NA Grease Standard
Substrate (MPa1/2) (MPa1/2) (MPa1/2) Energy Absorption Deviation
Reference Difference (g/g) of Grease
Number from Taco Absorption
Grease (/ )
1 18.00 14.40 19.00 19.694 3 0.115 0.021
2 18.84 8.64 8.67 8.968 5 0.650 0.034
3 16.20 8.00 5.60 6.546 4 0.764 0.028
4 19.50 4.50 8.40 7.113 5 0.609 0.112
5 17.40 8.00 7.50 7.098 3 0.726 0.040
6 17.40 8.00 7.50 7.098 4 0.813 0.052
7 17.10 10.80 6.60 9.274 4 0.504 0.078
8 16.80 8.00 6.55 6.654 5 0.822 0.070
9 17.28 10.56 11.53 11.545 3 0.807 0.102
10 18.00 14.40 19.00 19.694 3 0.230 0.012
A. Number of specimens tested.
A graph of taco grease absorption versus relative energy difference, RED,
between the
each contact substrate tested and the taco grease is shown in FIG. 17. As
shown in FIG. 17, taco
grease absorption tends to increase as the relative energy difference between
the contact substrate
and taco grease decreases. The error bars in FIG. 17 represent plus and minus
one standard
deviation of the measured values of grease absorption. Such response is
thought to occur because
of the fundamental behavior with respect to solubility that like materials
dissolve like materials
might also be at least partially descriptive of the affinity for the molecules
comprising the stain
for the fibers comprising the contact substrate. Contact substrates having
relatively high taco
grease absorption are thought to be effective for transferring a grease or oil
stain from a fabric to
the contact substrate.
FIGURES 18 and 19 illustrate the locations of the Hansen solubility parameters
for
contact substrates listed in Table 2 in Hansen space and the location of 8D,
8p, and 8H for the taco
grease tested (labeled as TG in FIGS. 18 and 19). FIGURES 18 and 19, together,
provide for a
three-dimensional illustration of a portion of Hansen space that can be of
interest. FIGURE 18 is
CA 02785103 2012-06-19
WO 2011/088176 PCT/US2011/021081
36
a side view of Hansen space in which 8H and 8p are presented to the viewer and
FIG. 19 is a top
view of Hansen space in which 8D and 8p are presented to the viewer. The solid
circular arcs
illustrated in each of FIGS. 18 and 19 is part of the edge of a Hansen space
spherical volume for
which 8D, 8p, and 8H are positive and the center of the Hansen space spherical
volume is located
at 8D of 18 MPa1/2, a 8p of 1 MPa1/2, and a 8H of 3 MPa1/2, and the Hansen
space spherical volume
is 10000 MPa312 or 34000 MPa312, as noted in the figures. As illustrated in
FIGS. 18 and 19,
contact substrates tested having a relative energy difference less than 13
between the contact
substrate and the Hansen solubility parameters for the taco grease tested
(8D=17.62 MPa1/2,
8p=1.08 MPa1/29 8H=3.06 MPa1/2), with R set equal to 1 MPa1/2, are within the
Hansen space
spherical volume of 10000 MPa312 centered at 8D of 18 MPa1/2, a 8p of 1
MPa1/2, and a 8H of 3
MPa1/2 illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19. Further, as illustrated in FIGS. 18 and
19, contact
substrates tested having a relative energy difference less than 20 between the
contact substrate
and the Hansen solubility parameters for the taco grease tested, with R set
equal to 1 MPa1/2, are
within the Hansen space spherical volume of 34000 MPa312 centered at 8D of 18
MPa1/2, a 8p of 1
MPa1/2, and a 8H of 3 MPav2 illustrated in FIGS. 18 and 19.
All percentages and ratios used herein are by weight of the total composition
and all
measurements made are at 25 C, unless otherwise designated. An angular degree
is a planar unit
of angular measure equal in magnitude to 1/360 of a complete revolution.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated
and
described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other
changes and
modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is
therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and
modifications that are
within the scope of this invention.
All documents cited are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference;
the citation of
any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is prior art with
respect to the present
invention.
