Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Description
Aerosol-forming material for a hookah
The invention relates to an aerosol-forming material
for a waterpipe, comprising a first substance and at
least one second substance which is held by the first
substance and which, following activation of the
aerosol-forming material, is at least partly released,
and to use of the aerosol-forming material, and also to
uses of the first substance.
The purpose of using a waterpipe is to consume
flavorings from an aerosol-forming material which is
located in a reservoir. The aerosol-forming material is
typically waterpipe tobacco and/or a plant-based
tobacco substitute as a carrier for flavored fluids.
Placed above it is a fuel, more particularly coal, with
the aerosol-forming material being separated from the
fuel by a perforated aluminum foil or a smoke screen.
On consumption, a flow is generated which guides hot
air from the coal to the aerosol-forming material. As a
result of the physical closeness of the fuel to the
aerosol-forming material, this material is preheated,
and the supply of hot air to the aerosol-forming
material causes solids to be given up to the hot air,
with the consequence that an airflow which contains
constituents of the aerosol-forming material in the
form of an aerosol is guided from the aerosol-forming
material into the remaining part of the waterpipe.
A problem, however, is that the aerosol-forming
material can easily burn, impairing the flavor of the
waterpipe. Moreover, after having been used, the
aerosol-forming material is spent and cannot be
re-used.
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DE 198 54 009 C2 discloses a system for providing an
inhalable aerosol, the system having an aerosol-forming
material. This material may be a carrier material
treated with flavor substances. Inorganic carrier
materials identified are aluminum oxide, silica gel,
activated carbon, cellulosic fibers, lignin granules,
zeolites, clay earths, meerschaum, and combinations
thereof. The use of the aerosol-forming material in
waterpipes is not envisaged.
WO 2009/010176 A2 relates to a tobacco substitute which
comprises a carrier material and a flavoring agent. The
carrier material may be a porous bulk material, with
montmorillonite, dolomite, and kieselguhr being
specified as examples of such porous bulk material.
DE 10 2007 043 776 Al discloses microcapsules which are
to be used in a shaped body whose shape resembles a
waterpipe. The microcapsules contain an ingredient
which may be in association with a carrier. The carrier
may comprise porous varieties of dolomite, clays such
as montmorillonite, and silicas and silicates such as
kieselguhr.
It is an object of the invention to eliminate the
disadvantages according to the prior art. The aim more
particularly is to specify an aerosol-forming material
which can be used in waterpipes and possesses enhanced
properties. Furthermore, uses of the aerosol-forming
material are to be specified.
This object is achieved by the features of claims 1, 6,
and 10. Useful embodiments of the inventions are
evident from the features of the dependent claims.
Provided in accordance with the invention is an
aerosol-forming material for a waterpipe, comprising a
first substance and at least one second substance which
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is held by the first substance and which, following
activation of the aerosol-forming material, is at least
partly released, the first substance having pores for
accommodating the second substance, and the second
substance being a fluid, characterized in that the
first substance, based on its weight, comprises at
least 65% by weight of clinoptilolite.
Surprisingly it has emerged, in extensive experiments
by the inventor, that on the basis of the use of
clinoptilolite as a first substance, the aerosol-
forming material of the invention comprises improved
properties in relation to the holding of the second
substance and to the release thereof following
activation. Clinoptilolite possesses a high adsorption
capacity, which can be between 40% and 50% by weight of
its own weight. Accordingly, in contrast to the prior
art, in the event of full loading of the first
substance with the second substance, based on an
identical unit volume, the amount of second substance
provided in the waterpipe can be higher. Surprisingly,
following activation, in other words during the use of
the waterpipe in the manner intended, the emission of
the second substance takes place at a uniform rate in a
steady flow. There is no change in the structure of the
second substance while it is held in the first
substance. Furthermore, clinoptilolite is not harmful
to health, and more particularly is not carcinogenic.
Finally, clinoptilolite is not altered in its structure
as a result of the activation, and so, after the
release of the second substances, it can be loaded
again with second substances. For this reason, the
first substance can be re-used. The first substance
offers the advantage, furthermore, that it is not
combustible.
The term "aerosol-forming material" in the present
invention relates to a material which is able to
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release the second substance in the form of an aerosol.
The first substance does not itself form an aerosol.
Prior to activation, the second substance is held by
the first substance. The aerosol-forming material can
be obtained by loading of the first substance with the
second substance. In this case, the first substance
serves as a carrier material for the second substance.
At the loading stage, the second substance is adsorbed
on the surface of the first substance. On account of
the porosity of the clinoptilolite, the surface area of
the first substance is comparatively high, resulting in
the high adsorption capacity, as described above, of
the first substance. After loading has taken place, the
second substance is held by the first substance until
activation occurs. The structural properties of the
first and second substances do not change either during
loading and holding or during activation.
A waterpipe frequently consists of a closed water
container, through the top of which a smoke column,
extending substantially vertically, is passed, with one
end of the smoke column protruding into the water
located in the water container, and its other end
ending in a head part which is located outside the
water container. The head part has an opening for entry
of air. To the side of the passage opening of the smoke
column, there is typically a hose which is passed
through the top of the water container, but without
contacting the surface of the water in the water
container. Via the distal end of the hose, a user is
able to generate an air flow which generates a reduced
pressure in the water container. This reduced pressure
in turn generates an air flow which draws air from the
head part, through the smoke column and the water
located in the water container, into the water
container. In the head part, the air flow passes
through a section, called the reservoir, where a
filling material, which is an aerosol-forming material,
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is located. In the majority of cases the head part has
an outer surface on which a combustion material, coal
for example, is located. The surface is usually located
above the air entry opening through which air enters
the head part, and so the air flow does not pass
through the combustion material. The heat which is
produced when the combustion material burns heats the
aerosol-forming material, thereby activating it. Where
the combustion material used is coal, it is heated to
temperatures of around 600 to about 1000 C. The
combustion material and the aerosol-forming material
are distanced from one another, being separated, for
example, from one another by one or more perforated
aluminum foils or a smoke screen. For this reason, the
aerosol-forming material is not heated to the same
extent as the combustion material, and so the
activation temperature, i.e., the temperature at which
the first substance releases the second substance, is
lower than the temperature of the burning combustion
material. The air flow which enters the combustion head
through the air entry opening then passes through the
activated aerosol-forming material, in the course of
which it takes up the second substance, which is
released in the form of an aerosol, and transports it
through the combustion pipe, through the water in the
water container, and through the hose to the waterpipe
user.
The aerosol-forming material of the present invention
can be used as aerosol-forming material in a waterpipe
of this kind.
The aerosol-forming material of the invention is
activated preferably by exposure to heat. Activation
takes place preferably at a temperature of 120 to
350 C, more preferably at a temperature of 150 to
300 C. The first substance is stable at these
temperatures, more particularly even at 250 C, and is
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unable to burn.
Below the activation temperature, the release of the
second substance ought to be as small as possible; in
the best case, more particularly at room temperature,
no second substance ought to be released from the first
substance. An advantage of the clinoptilolite used in
accordance with the invention is that below the
activation temperature, and more particularly at room
temperature, there is no notable release of the second
substance.
The first substance comprises at least 65% by weight of
clinoptilolite, preferably at least 80% by weight of
clinoptilolite, more preferably at least 90% by weight
of clinoptilolite, even more preferably at least 95% by
weight of clinoptilolite, very preferably at least 99%
by weight of clinoptilolite, based in each case on the
first substance. With particular preference the first
substance is composed exclusively or almost exclusively
of clinoptilolite; in other words, the fraction of
clinoptilolite as a proportion of the first substance
ought to be as high as possible. In this way, the
advantageous properties of the aerosol-forming material
of the invention can be realized to particularly good
effect. The remainder to 100% by weight is composed of
other minerals, preferably of natural minerals. The
other, natural minerals are selected preferably from
the group consisting of bentonite, dolomite, illite,
kaolinite, montmorillonite, muscovite, feldspar,
cristobalite, and mixtures thereof.
The clinoptilolite envisaged in accordance with the
invention is a natural mineral which belongs to the
group of the aluminosilicates. Depending on the
geographic origin of the mineral, the chemical
composition may be described with different empirical
formulae. Common empirical formulae for clinoptilolite
are (Ca, K2, Na2, Mg) 4Al8Si40O96 -24H2O, (Na,
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K) 6 [Al6Si30O-12] -20H20 or (Na, K, Ca) 6 [ (Si, Al) 36072] -20H20.
The first substance is preferably a compact body or is
in the form of granules. Where the first substance is a
compact body, the dimensions of the body ought at least
in one dimension, preferably in each dimension, to be
between 10 mm and 100 mm. The solid body can be
inserted into the reservoir.
With greater preference the first substance is in the
form of granules. The granules may conform to the shape
of the reservoir. The granules in each dimension
preferably have an extent of at least 0.1 mm and not
more than 10 mm. The particle size of the granules can
be between 0.1 mm and 10 mm. Preferably the particle
size of the granules is between 2.5 and 9 mm. In one
embodiment, the particle size is between 2.5 mm and
5 mm. In a second embodiment, the particle size is
between 5 mm and 9 mm. The figure for the particle size
relates in each case to the granules without filling
with the second substance. The particle size is equal
to the cube root of the multiplication of the three
different edge lengths of a cuboid which in terms of
its dimensions is able just still to enclose the
particle:
d a*b*c
where d represents the particle size and a, b, and c
represent the edge lengths of the cuboid.
The first substance is preferably an open-pore
material. The pores of the first substance are able to
take up and store the second substance, thereby
producing the aerosol-forming material of the
invention. On activation, as for example on heating of
the aerosol-forming material by a fuel, the second
substance is given off again from the pores of the
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first substance. The first substance is therefore
suitable as a carrier for the second substance, i.e.,
more particularly, for flavored and/or smoke-emitting
fluids. After the aerosol-forming material has been
utilized in a waterpipe, the first substance can be
used again and is able to serve further as carrier for
a second substance.
The second substance is a fluid, preferably a flavored
and/or smoke-emitting fluid. The second substance may
comprise two or more flavored and/or smoke-emitting
fluids. At least one of the fluids may be a misting
fluid. The second substance, which is released
following activation of the aerosol-forming material,
forms an aerosol. An aerosol in this context means a
colloidal system comprising a gas dispersed within
which there are small solid or liquid particles of the
second substance. The diameter of the particles of the
second substance in the gas ought to be between 10-7 to
10-3 cm. Where the particles of the second substance
dispersed in the gas are solid, the fluid in question
may be a smoke-emitting fluid; where they are liquid,
the second substance may be a mist-emitting fluid, as
for example a flavored fluid. The gas is preferably
air - for example, the air of the air flow generated in
the waterpipe.
The second substance is preferably selected from the
group which encompasses polyols, flavoring agents,
active ingredients, water, and mixtures thereof. A
requirement is that the second substance forms an
aerosol when the aerosol-forming material of the
invention is activated. Exemplary polyols are glycerol,
propylene glycol, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary
flavoring agents are extracts of fruits, of herbs,
fruit products, plant products, and mixtures thereof.
The flavoring agents are preferably in the form of
esters, ethers, oils, monohydric alcohols, and mixtures
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thereof. Preferred flavoring agents are apple flavors,
banana flavors, blueberry flavors, caipirinha flavors,
cappuccino flavors, chocolate flavors, cherry flavors,
coconut flavors, dragon fruit flavors, grape flavors,
guava flavors, honeydew-melon flavors, watermelon
flavors, lemon flavors, lime flavors, mango flavors,
mint flavors, orange flavors, passion fruit flavors,
peach flavors, raspberry flavors, rose flavors,
strawberry flavors, mandarin flavors, woodruff flavors,
menthol flavors, whiskey flavors, fig flavors, tobacco
flavors, and mixtures thereof. Exemplary active
ingredients are psychoactive compounds such as
caffeine, nicotine, and mixtures thereof. The flavoring
agents may include a water fraction, which ought to
amount to not more than 1% by weight, preferably not
more than 0.5% by weight, based in each case on the
flavoring agent. The weight fraction given for the
flavoring agent as a proportion of the second substance
includes this water fraction.
In one preferred embodiment the second substance is a
composition. One preferred composition is a mixture
consisting of at least one polyol and at least one
flavoring agent. The fraction of the polyol, based on
the second substance, ought to be at least 90% by
weight, preferably at least 95% by weight, based in
each case on the second substance. One preferred
composition is composed of 95% by weight of glycerol
and 5% by weight of flavoring agent, based in each case
on the second substance. The polyol may include a water
fraction, which ought to amount to not more than 1% by
weight, preferably not more than 0.5% by weight, based
in each case on the polyol. The weight fraction given
for the polyol as a proportion of the second substance
includes the water fraction.
In one embodiment the aerosol-forming material of the
invention is the mineral clinoptilolite in the form of
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granules having a particle size of between 2.5 mm and
mm without a filling of flavored and/or smoke-
emitting fluids in the pores as carrier for flavored
and/or smoke-emitting fluids for use in waterpipes.
5
The aerosol-forming material of the invention may be in
made-up form - in other words, the first substance is
filled with the second substance. Alternatively the
aerosol-forming material of the invention may be made
available in the form of a kit, which provides the
first substance separately from the second substance.
Envisaged in accordance with the invention,
additionally, is the use of clinoptilolite as carrier
material of an aerosol-forming material for a
waterpipe.
In one embodiment the mineral clinoptilolite in the
form of granules having a particle size of between
2.5 mm and 5 mm without a filling of flavored and/or
smoke-emitting fluids in the pores is used as carrier
for flavored and/or smoke-emitting fluids for use in
waterpipes.
Provided in accordance with the invention, furthermore,
is the use of the aerosol-forming material of the
invention as filling material for a waterpipe.
The invention is illustrated below by means of an
exemplary embodiment, which are intended not to limit
the invention.
Examples
Example 1
(a) First substance
The first substance used had the following composition,
based on the first substance, with the proviso that the
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sum of the constituents makes 100% by weight:
clinoptilolite 88% to 95% by weight
feldspar 3% to 5% by weight
montmorillonite 2% to 5% by weight
cristobalite 0% to 2% by weight
muscovite: 0% to 3% by weight
(Total: 100% by weight)
The clinoptilolite constituent has the following
empirical formula (Ca, K2, Nat, Mg) 4A18Si40O96 =24H2O. The
clinoptilolite constituent has the following chemical
composition, based on the clinoptilolite constituent,
with the proviso that the sum of the constituents makes
100% by weight.
Si02 65% to 72% by weight
A1203 10% to 12% by weight
CaO 2.5% to 3.7% by weight
K20 2.3% to 3.5% by weight
Fe203 0.8% to 1.9% by weight
MgO 0.9% to 1.2% by weight
Na20 0.3% to 0.65% by weight
Ti02 0% to 0.1% by weight
MnO 0% to 0.08% by weight
Loss on ignition: 9% to 12% by weight
The first substance had a porosity of 45% to 50% and an
average pore diameter of 4 angstroms.
The first substance was in the form of granules having
a particle size of 5 to 9 mm. The particle size was
determined by means of a sieve analysis.
In the aerosol-forming material, the first substance
forms the carrier for the second substance, i.e., for
the flavored and/or smoke-emitting fluids.
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(b) Second substance
The second substance used had the following
composition, based on the second substance, with the
proviso that the sum constituents makes 100% by weight:
Glycerol': 95% by weight
Flavoring agent: 5% by weight
'Glycerol 99.5% strength
The flavoring agent was an apple flavor.
In the aerosol-forming material, the second substance
forms the flavored and/or smoke-emitting fluids which
are taken up by the first substance and stored therein.
With the heating of the aerosol-forming material, the
fluids are given off again.
(c) Aerosol-forming substance
An aerosol-forming substance of the invention was
produced using the first and second substances. For
this purpose, 70 g of the first substance were loaded
with 30 g of second substance, by the thorough mixing
of both substances.
On heating of the aerosol-forming substance thus
obtained to 200 C in a waterpipe, the second substance
was given off at a uniform rate, forming an aerosol.
Example 2
An aerosol-forming material was produced with the
following composition:
(a) First substance
The first substance was the mineral clinoptilolite in
the form of granules having a particle size of between
2.5 mm and 5 mm. The clinoptilolite had the chemical
composition indicated in example 1. This first
substance was the carrier for flavored and/or smoke-
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emitting fluids for use in waterpipes.
(b) Second substance
The second substance took the form of flavored and/or
smoke-emitting fluids.
(c) Aerosol-forming material
The pores of the first substance were filled with the
second substance, to give the aerosol-forming material.
