Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
WO 2011/117689 PCT/IB2010/055514
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METHOD FOR PREVENTING AND DETECTING
TAMPERING OF SCRATCH-OFF COATINGS ON
SUBSTRATES, AND ASSOCIATED SUBSTRATES
PRIORITY CLAIM
[0001] The present application claims priority to U.S. Provisional
Application Serial No. 61/340,806, filed March 23, 2010.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present disclosure relates in general to methodologies
for securing scratch-off lottery tickets and commercial tickets/coupons
against
assisted and unassisted mechanical lifts and reapplication, as well as a
method for protecting against the fraud of recycling losing tickets by the
reprinting of a Scratch-Off-Coating (SOC). The proposed methodologies allow
for enhanced security without any increase in cost as well as no significant
impact on the consumer's play experience.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Lottery scratch-off or instant games have become a time-
honored method of raising revenue for state and federal governments the
world over. Indeed, the concept of hiding indicia information under a Scratch-
Off-Coating (SOC) has also been applied to numerous other products such as
commercial contests, telephone card account numbers, etc. Literally, billions
of scratch-off products are printed every year where the integrity of their
Scratch-Off-Coatings (SOCs) is used to ensure that the product has not been
previously used, played, or modified. Thus, the integrity of the SOC is
paramount to ensure that a game or product is secure.
[00041 Unfortunately, there are known techniques that can
mechanically "lift" the SOC and thereby compromise the integrity of scratch-
off products. The term 'mechanical lift' refers to a process that uses a flat
blade (e.g., X-Acto chisel blade #17) or other device to peel back a portion
of
a Scratch-Off-Coating (SOC) to reveal previously hidden indicia. The SOC is
then glued back into place such that it is not obvious that the integrity of
the
coating has been breached. The industry has developed countermeasures to
the previously described mechanical lift technique which involve changing the
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formulation of the SOC so that it is more difficult to remove and/or it flakes
off
or crumbles rather than peeling off in one piece, thereby making "unassisted"
SOC lifts more difficult. However, these techniques have done little to
alleviate
the vexing problem of "assisted" SOC lifts. Assisted lifts differ from
unassisted
lifts in that another medium or material is applied to the SOC (e.g., Krylon
acrylic clear spray) to strengthen it, thereby "assisting" anyone who is
attempting a mechanical lift.
[0005] Another form of fraud involves completely removing the
SOC, viewing the indicia, and then reprinting a new SOC on the non-winning
products (via silk screen or other printing methodology) that is similar in
appearance to the original SOC such that an unsuspecting customer would
purchase the modified product assuming it is pristine.
[0006] Thus, it is highly desirable to develop improved
methodologies for ensuring the integrity of a SOC against lifts and
reapplication, as well as enhancing the product's resistance to complete SOC
removal and reprinting.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0007] Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in
part in the following description, or may be obvious from the description, or
may be learned through practice of the invention.
[0008] Described are a number of methodologies that provide
practical details for reliably protecting the integrity of the SOC from
mechanical lifts, SOC reapplication, and SOC reprinting.
[0009] In a particular embodiment, a method is provided for
deterring and detecting fraudulent removal of a scratch-off coating (SOC) from
a substrate having a scratch-off area. A scratch-off coating is applied over
the
scratch-off area. An overcoat material is applied over the scratch-off
coating.
The overcoat material is formulated with a reactant that reacts with chemicals
used in assisted mechanical lift attempts and produces a visual indication of
the use of such chemicals in an attempt to tamper with the SOC to discern
images or indicia underlying the SOC.
[0010] In one embodiment, the overcoat material contains a dye
that chemically reacts with the assisted mechanical lift chemicals.
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[0011] In another embodiment, the overcoat material includes an ink
wherein the chemical reaction causes the ink to dissolve, bleed, run, thin or
otherwise alter in appearance to indicate tampering with the SOC.
[0012] The overcoat material may be formulated to react with
assisted mechanical lift chemicals including ketones, esters and petroleum
distillates.
[0013] The present invention also encompasses any manner of
substrate that incorporates aspects of the methods described herein. In a
particular embodiment, a substrate is provided with a scratch-off area, a
scratch-off coating applied over the scratch-off area, and an overcoat
material
applied over the scratch-off coating. The overcoat material includes a
reactant that reacts with chemicals used in assisted mechanical lift attempts
(including ketones, esters and petroleum distillates) and produces a visual
indication of the use of such chemicals. For example, the reactant may be a
dye that chemically reacts with the assisted mechanical lift chemicals, or an
ink wherein the chemical reaction causes the ink to dissolve, bleed, run, thin
or otherwise alter in appearance to indicate tampering.
[0014] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the
present invention will become better understood with reference to the
following description and appended claims. The accompanying drawings,
which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification,
illustrate
embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to
explain the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention,
including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art,
is
set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended figures,
in which:
[0016] FIG. I is a front plan view of a first representative example of
a lottery-type instant ticket where a mechanical lift has been attempted and
the SOC was not reapplied in register;
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[0017] FIG. 2 is a front plan view of a first representative example of
a lottery-type instant ticket where a Benday-type pattern overprint greatly
increases the difficulty of lifting and reapplying or reprinting the SOC;
[0018] FIG. 3 is a front plan view of the first representative example
of FIG.2 where a lift/reapplication has been attempted but the miss-registered
Benday pattern makes the attempt clearly visible;
[0019] FIG. 4 is a front plan view of the first representative example
of FIG.2 where a complete SOC replacement (or reprint) has been attempted
but the mis-registered Benday pattern makes the attempt clearly visible;
[0020] FIG. 5 is a front plan view of the first representative example
of a non-continuous release coating film application in a typical scratch-off
ticket ink film layer;
[0021] FIG. 6 is a cross section view of the second representative
example of a release coating film with an irregular surface application in a
scratch-off ticket ink film layer;
[0022] FIG. 7 is a cross section view of the third representative
example of a release coating film with an irregular surface application in a
scratch-off ticket ink film layer; and
[0023] FIG. 8 is a front plan view of the first representative example
of a scratch-off ticket with a special coating to chemically detect assist
agents.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0024] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the
invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings.
Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not
limitation
of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art
that
various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention
without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For instance,
features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with
another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended
that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come
within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0025] Whether attempting a mechanical lift/reapplication or
reprinting a new SOC coating, the perpetrator's principal challenge is the
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reapplication of the lifted SOC, or reprinting of a new SOC material, such
that
the SOC remains in registration with the graphics on the rest of the ticket.
If
registration is not maintained between the lifted/new SOC and the rest of the
ticket, the product would appear modified or defective. For example, FIG. 1
illustrates a lottery ticket 100 where the scratch-off area 101 SOC has been
mechanically lifted in six places 102, but not reapplied into proper
registration
with the other graphics on the ticket.
[0026] Regrettably, after some practice, a skilled technician can
perform SOC lifts and replacements with little impact in registration on most
tickets such that the ticket would pass as pristine under normal inspection.
However, the ability for the skilled technician to perform these SOC lifts and
replacements without detection varies with ticket design, with more complex
graphics in the scratch-off area(s) greatly increasing the difficulty. For
example, a photographic reproduction of people or familiar objects in the
scratch-off area(s) of a ticket makes it practically impossible to perform a
mechanical lift/reapplication without leaving a telltale mark. The problem
with
this approach is that it is difficult to maintain an environment conducive to
low
cost photographic reproduction. Additionally, if the photographic image is
confined to only the scratch-off area of the ticket with a clear delineation
between the scratch-off area and the rest of the ticket (for example, provided
by a border as is typical in scratch-off ticket graphic design), completely
reprinting the removed SOC remains viable, because the graphic scratch-off
border helps mask any out-of-register condition.
[0027] If the photographic image is extended beyond the scratch-off
area, with the delineating scratch-off graphic border reduced in intensity
(e.g.,
screened half tone or dashed line), reprinting a removed SOC via lithographic
methods becomes un-viable since registration with the ticket substrate image
would be exceedingly difficult. This same concept, of bridging the graphics
over the scratch-off area and surrounding ticket substrate, can be expanded
to simpler designs (e.g., Benday patterns) that accomplish the same
registration challenges for the lift/replacement attack without the added
costs
of printing photographic images over the scratch-off area(s) of a ticket.
Thus,
in this preferred embodiment, low cost production and miss-registration
detection methods are both incorporated into the same product.
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[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of this preferred embodiment.
In FIG. 2, the six scratch-off areas 101 of the ticket 100 all include Benday
overprints 111 that cover both the scratch-off areas 101 as well as a portion
of
the background ticket substrate 103. By covering both the scratch-off areas as
well as the ticket substrate, the fine lines of the Benday patterns make
registration exceedingly difficult to effectively hide both the SOC
lift/reapplication and the reprinting of SOC.
[0029] FIG. 3 provides an illustration of how the Benday patterns
111 provide a ready visual indication 115 that a mechanical lift/reapplication
has been attempted in the six scratch-off areas, even to someone that is not
necessarily aware of the technique. FIG. 4 illustrates how the same Benday
patterns 111 would also protect against reprinting of the entire SOC in the
six
scratch-off areas, by readily showing a registration failure 260 between the
replacement SOC and the ticket substrate 103 that is not apparent in non-
tampered tickets.
[0030] Of course there are numerous other variations of this
preferred embodiment (e.g., photographic pictures, fingerprint patterns, water
flow patterns, etc.) that are obvious to anyone skilled in the art and may
under
some circumstances be more desirable than the previously disclosed
embodiment.
[0031] In alternative embodiment, protection of the integrity of the
SOC can be provided by alterations to the release material associated with
the SOC rather than by an elaborate overprint. Scratch-off tickets typically
employ a release coating layer beneath the SOC opaque and decorative
layers. The release layer, as its name implies, causes any coatings placed
over it to easily scratch-off. The physical nature of the scratch-off coating
varies from manufacturer to manufacturer (e.g., wax base, UV coating, etc.)
and has been documented in numerous other patents as well as many public
domain documents and is not essential to the present description. In known
applications, however, the release layer is specified as a continuous film
providing a foundation from which all subsequent layers of ink film will
scratch-off, allowing for the one-time reveal that is typical of scratch-off
tickets. The problem with this homogeneous continuous release film,
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however, is that it provides an excellent base for SOC mechanical lifts and/or
replacement of the SOC by devious means.
[0032] Thus, a release film with partial coverage causes the SOC to
release easily from some areas and not at all from others, thereby making it
difficult if not impossible to lift or reprint the SOC even with mechanical
assists. In one possible embodiment, the release film 200 is applied as
illustrated in FIG. 5 with a pattern of dots (holes) 201 in which no release
film
is present. In this embodiment, if the dots 201 are small enough they will not
hinder the normal scratching process or obscure the imaged indicia. However,
the presence of a non-continuous release film with holes large enough to
prohibit lifting of the SOC will greatly hinder or render impossible
mechanical
lifting of the SOC due to the dotted areas with no release that would
effectively block a sharp X-Acto or razor blade from raising a smooth film.
Additionally, the pattern of dots (holes) 201 would also make it extremely
difficult to reapply a new SOC to the scratched off area(s) due to
registration
problems with the SOC overprint and the multiplicity of dots. Of course there
are many possible patterns obvious to anyone skilled in the art that might
perform better than the previously described dots and in some instances may
be more desirable, but for the sake of brevity, only the dot pattern is
described
in for this particular embodiment.
[0033] In yet another embodiment, rather than a pattern of holes or
lines with no release present in the film, the same effect of making the film
resistant to mechanical lifts and/or replacement of SOC can be accomplished
with an irregular or rough release film surface. FIG. 6 illustrates an
irregular or
rough SOC film 202, printed on a ticket substrate 103, above the win or lose
indicia 252, with opaque and decorative overprints 253 printed on top of the
irregular release film 202. In this embodiment, the irregular release film
surface 202 when initially applied and not completely cured allows for
subsequent SOC ink film layers to flow into the irregular surfaces forming a
homogeneous and opaque covering 253. The irregularities in the release film
may be generated by planned deformities in the Flexographic printing plate
(or other type of printing) that applies the release film to the ticket
substrate
103. In this embodiment, the rough/irregu[ar surface of the release film 202
is
not so irregular that it significantly impacts removal of the SOC by normal
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consumer scratching with a relatively blunt coin or other object. However,
when a perpetrator attempts to lift the SOC via assisted or unassisted means,
the rough/irregular surface of the release film 202 functions as a series of
`speed bumps' that repeatedly catch the sharp edge of the X-Acto or razor
blade typically used in mechanical lifts causing the blades to jerk and not
lift a
continuous patch. Additionally, while the irregular release film surface 202
does allow removal of the majority of the SOC 253 with blunt coins and other
objects (e.g., fingernail), it does allow for microscopic parts of the SOC 253
to
remain. While these microscopic SOC remnants are not sufficient to
significantly impact viewing of the revealed play indicia 252, the remnants do
intermingle with any fresh SOC ink coating(s) reapplied to a played ticket,
such that the resulting ink films appear tampered with and would be unlikely
to
be accepted by a consumer as pristine.
[0034] In still another embodiment, the release film coating
thickness can be varied, producing a series of plateaus, which halt or disrupt
any mechanical lifting attempts. In this embodiment, shown in FIG. 7, the
release film 203 is applied in multiple levels, resulting in a series of
planes to
which the SOC ink film(s) 253 are applied. The multiple levels of release
coating could be achieved by altering the line screen on a single Flexographic
printing plate or by the application of multiple printing plates.
[0035] In the special case of preventing assisted mechanical lifts,
the chemical nature of the spray-on assist material can be used to trigger a
reaction on the ticket's scratch-off surface. For example, Krylon clear spray
contains keytones, petroleum distillates, toluene, naphthalene, acetone, and
ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. Dyes exist that responds to one of these
ingredients. These dyes could be applied as an overcoat to the ticket's
scratch area and serve as an obvious indication of attempted "assisted lift"
tampering. FIG. 8 provides an exemplary illustration of this embodiment. In
FIG. 8, the lottery ticket 100 has special dyes 255 that are sensitive to one
of
the key ingredients in the assisted lift medium (e.g., Krylon). As shown, when
the ingredients from the assisted lift medium contact the dyes in the scratch-
off area 101 overprint, a chemical reaction occurs causing the dyes to
become visible, with the word 'VOID' 255 appearing in this example. Of
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course the chemical reaction, could cause the ticket's ink to dissolve, bleed,
run, thin, or otherwise dramatically alter in appearance to indicate
tampering.
[0036] While the aforementioned chemical reaction methodology is
only affective against assisted mechanical lifts, it can be used in addition
to
some of the other techniques described in this application to provide a more
robust defense against ticket fraud.
[0037] This written description uses examples to disclose the
invention, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in
the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or
systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of
the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that
occur to those skilled in the art. It is intended that the present invention
include such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the
appended claims.
