Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Autonomous heated interlining
Currently, heated garments, which are presently available, are
produced within a specific garment type; often these garments are
basic anoraks or body-warmers. These standard type garments
are often produced for specific markets and purposes, such as
motorcycle use. The garment either has to be plugged into a
vehicle's power supply; alternatively, power is supplied via
standard type alkaline batteries contained within battery holders
that are either positioned in the wearer's pockets or in a pouch
accessible in the lining of the garment. The wearer normally
controls the heating output of the garment from a small control box
with switches, which is generally located within an external pocket
of the garment. The controllability of the garment is often limited to
selecting one of several heating levels and in some cases more
basic control is purely limited to either having the garment
switched either completely on or off.
In an attempt to overcome some of the above limitations, the
present invention offers a complete autonomous heating solution
that can be embedded (fitted within) in almost an unlimited type of
structured garments with a lining. The autonomous heated
interlining is powered by embedded wirelessly rechargeable power
cells, which the wearer never needs to manipulate in any manner.
Simply placing the garment either on a charging hanger or in a
charging cabinet recharges the power cells; simply sitting in a
specially designed wireless charging seat can also recharge the
garment. The wireless inductive charging method is both simple to
operate with virtually no user intervention and is completely safe
as it operates by using lower power magnetic waves. The garment
charging cycle stops automatically, and provided the garment is
placed on the special charging hanger the garment should always
be charged and ready for immediate use.
The present invention is controlled wirelessly either from the
wearer's mobile telephone or laptop/pc/tablet/iPad via WiFi or
Bluetooth connection using either a web browser or specifically
written control application (Mobile App.) The wearer does not
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
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have the extra weight and inconvenience of using a separate
control device to control the heating output of the invention; the
wearer's mobile telephone or laptop/pc/tablet/iPad can be utilised,
which is often being carried anyway and thus avoids extra weight
and complications.
The following description details a number of embodiments of the
invention. Figure 20 clearly demonstrates that the autonomous
heated interlining can be embedded within a wide range and type
of garments from working garments such as High-Visibility Jacket
60 that meet EN471 Class 1, 2 or 3 specification all the way
through to evening wear such as a Dinner Suit Jacket 65. A wide
range of garment types within these two broad examples could
have the invention embedded, such as fashionable uni-sex casual
jackets 64, ski jackets 66 and any number of other types of lined
jackets.
The invention offers a fully monitored redundancy system that
makes it distinctly suitable for medical and career wear
embodiments. The automatic redundancy system ensures that if
the autonomous heated interlining experiences a heating system
failure, it will attempt to increase its remaining functioning system's
outputs in order ensure that wearer continues to remain warm.
The system will continue to monitor the current problem and
monitor for further anomalies and make adjustments as necessary
in real time without the intervention of the wearer. The wearer will
be advised of any problems using the bi-directional wireless
communication system that is embedded within the invention. The
wearer will be notified either on his or her mobile telephone or on
laptop/pc/tablet/iPad , whichever device is currently being used to
control the autonomous heated interlining.
The invention offers the ability to control heating output in an
almost continuously variable manner from less than 1% heating
level all the way through to 100% heating. The wearer can also
control heating levels in a regional manner, thus if he or she
wishes more heat output on the back of the garment, then output
can be increased in this region specifically whilst maintaining lower
heating levels on wearer's front left or right region as required.
The system also ensures, if required, a virtually balanced output
throughout all the regions. The embedded electronic controller
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monitors and drives the different heating regions individually to
ensure a complete uniformity of heat throughout the garment. The
invention monitors heating levels and outputs throughout the
autonomous heated interlining with a plurality of embedded digital
temperature sensors that are interfaced to the Microcontroller.
Figure 22 demonstrates the heating stability between the plurality
of regions.
An example of the invention will now be described by referring to
the accompanying drawings:
Figure 1 shows the basic structure of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4. The components shown in the figure
will be fully detailed in the description that follows. The figure
shows the integrated Prismatic Lithium Ion Power Cells 1 (or
alternative chemistry and/or cell type), the power cell patches 2,
the digital temperature sensors 3, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13 the wireless
inductive charging coils 6, the sewing line 7 used to sew the
interlining into the garment and integrated (embedded)
microcontroller controller 10 incorporating the WiFi 802.11b/g
Serial Module and Bluetooth Module version 2.1 with integrated
UART (SSP/HCI) interface. The horizontal base line 15 of the
interlining is not sewn along; it is left unattached to the garment it
is being embedded within. The base material of the autonomous
heated interlining 4 can be produced from a felt type fabric or
similar material with the same basic properties. The autonomous,
self-powered heated interlining 4 in the embodiment depicted could
be embedded (fitted within) a variety of different types of garments.
Figure 2 incorporates an exploded view of the integrated Lithium
Ion Prismatic Pouch Cell (Nanophosphate or similar type) 1, with
the heat reflective cotton lining 14 pouch 2; embedded within the
autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4. The sewing line 7
can clearly be identified along the front edge and up to the
shoulder seam.
Figure 3 shows the detailed layout of the Primary and Secondary
heating channels for each of the regions 20,21 ¨ 24,25 and 23,22
respectively sewn on the autonomous, self-powered heated
interlining 4. The particular embodiment depicted shows three
heating regions with Primary and Secondary channels in each
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region clearly identified. A variety of alternative region numbers
with Primary and Secondary heating channels could be
implemented as required. The complete sewing line 7 is depicted,
it should be noted that sewing around the armholes is not required
in this particular embodiment.
Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the back Primary and
Secondary heating channels 24 and 25 respectively located in
region "B" in this particular embodiment of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4. The sewing line 7 along the shoulder
seams and back neck facing can be clearly identified.
Figure 5 shows the front region "A" Primary and Secondary heating
channels 20 and 21 respectively of the autonomous, self-powered
heated interlining 4. The sewing line 7 along the front edge (sewn
to garment's facing) and shoulder seam is clearly identified.
Figure 6 shows the front region "C" Primary and Secondary
heating channels 23 and 22 respectively of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4. The sewing line 7 along the shoulder
seam and front edge (sewn to garment's facing) is clearly
identified.
Figure 7 shows one embodiment of a sleeved garment 30 fitted
with the autonomous self-powered heated interlining 4. The circles
shown on the wearer's front left 8 ¨ 9 and wearer's front right 3 -
13 of this particular embodiment represent the approximate
positions of the digital temperature sensors that feed regional
temperature information to the integrated embedded
microcontroller controller 10 for heating level control and
adjustment of these particular regions.
Figure 8 shows one embodiment of a sleeved garment fitted with
the autonomous self-powered heated interlining 4. The circles
shown 5 ¨ 12 of this particular embodiment represent the
approximate positions of the digital temperature sensors in the
upper 5 and lower 12 back heated regions of the garment. The
sensors feed regional temperature information of these positions to
the integrated embedded microcontroller controller 10 for heating
level control and adjustment of these particular regions.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
Figure 9 shows an enlarged view of one particular embodiment of
the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 incorporated
(embedded) within a sleeved garment 30. Heating region "A" is
shown split into an upper Primary region "Au" 41 and a lower
Secondary region "AL" 40. These regions being located on the
wearer's front right of the garment 30 embodiment, as shown in
this particular representation. The two regions "Au" and "AL"
temperatures are monitored and reported by the embedded digital
temperature sensors shown in figure 7 numbered 3 and 13
respectively. The individual temperature information from both
sensors is digitally transferred to the embedded Microcontroller 10.
The Microcontroller 10 then independently controls the heating of
the regions "Au" and "AL" as instructed and programmed by the
wearer and/or operator of the heated garment.
Figure 10 shows an enlarged view of one particular embodiment of
the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 incorporated
(embedded) within a sleeved garment 30. Heating region "C" is
shown split into an upper Primary region "Cu" 42 and a lower
Secondary region "CL" 43. These regions being located on the
wearer's front left of the garment 30 embodiment, as shown in this
particular representation. The two regions "Cu" and "CL"
temperatures are monitored and reported by the embedded digital
temperature sensors shown in figure 7 numbered 8 and 9
respectively. The individual temperature information from both
sensors is digitally transferred to the embedded Microcontroller 10.
The embedded Microcontroller 10 then independently controls the
heating of the regions "Cu" 42 and "CL" 43 as instructed and
programmed by the wearer and/or operator of the heated garment.
Figure 11 shows an enlarged view of one particular embodiment of
the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 incorporated
(embedded) in a sleeved garment 30. Heating region "B" is shown
divided into an upper Primary region "BU" 45 and a lower
Secondary region "BL" 46. These regions being located on the
back (internal lining) of the garment 30 in this particular
embodiment shown heating the internal back. The two regions,
Primary Bu" 45 and a lower Secondary region "BL" 46
temperatures are monitored and reported by the embedded digital
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temperature sensors 5 and 12 respectively and shown in figure 12.
The individual temperature information from both sensors is
digitally transferred to the embedded Microcontroller 10. The
Microcontroller 10 then independently controls the heating of the
regions "Bu" 45 and "BL" 46 as instructed and programmed by the
wearer and/or operator of the heated garment.
Figure 12 shows an enlarged back view of one particular
embodiment of the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4
incorporated (embedded) in a sleeved garment 30. Heating region
"B" is shown split into an upper Primary region "BU" 45 and a
lower Secondary region "BL" 46. These regions are located on the
back of the garment as shown in this particular representation;
from the back view of the garment. The heating channels outputs
are produced on the internal back (back lining) of the garment in
this particular embodiment shown; so as to warm the wearer's
back.
Figure 13 shows an enlarged view of one particular embodiment of
the autonomous, self-powered heating interlining 4 incorporated
(embedded) in a sleeved garment 30. The collection of inductive
charging coils 50 are shown in this embodiment embedded in the
collar region. This particular embodiment shows eight inductive
charging coils embedded within the back of the garment; an
alternative number (greater or smaller) of inductive coils could be
embedded within this approximate area subject to the particular
embodiment's requirements. The size (diameter) of the planar
inductive charging coils may also vary subject to the required
power / charging specifications.
Figure 14 shows the reversed view of figure 13. The collection of
eight inductive charging coils 50 can be clearly seen embedded in
the back collar region in this embodiment. This particular
embodiment shows the eight inductive charging coils 50 in one
possible position. The eight inductive coils can alternatively be
positioned towards the hem of the jacket, as depicted by 51. The
total number, location and size (diameter) of embedded inductive
charging coils may vary as required by the specification of the
embodiment, as previously stated in the description of figure 13
above. The sewing line 7 in the inset diagram is represented by a
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number of small dots. A detailed view of the complete sewing line
7 is shown in figure 1 and 3.
Figure 15 shows an alternate embodiment of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4 incorporated (embedded) in a High-
Visibility garment 60 that conforms to EN471 Class 1, 2 or 3
subject to the number of reflective stripes 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87,
88, 91 and 90. This figure shows the front view of the High-
Visibility garment with a number of reflective stripes both vertical
and horizontal applied. Primary heating regions 82 and 85 along
with Secondary heating regions 92 and 89 are depicted on the
front of this garment embodiment.
Figure 16 shows the back of garment 60 as depicted in figure 15;
thus showing the rear of a High-Visibility garment 60 which
conforms to ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 1, 2 or 3 subject to the
number of reflective stripes 87, 86, 84, 83, 81, 80, 88 and 90. The
Primary back heating channel area 94 is clearly represented, and
the Secondary heating channel area 95 can be seen in this
particular embodiment.
Figure 17 shows a longer length High-Visibility garment
embodiment 61 with the autonomous, self powered heated
interlining 4 incorporated (embedded) within it. This garment
would conform to ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 1, 2 or 3 subject to
the number of reflective stripes 80, 81, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91 and
90. This particular embodiment is a long fitting garment. The back
length 96 measures on this embodiment approximately 36 to 38
inches in length (91.5cm to 96.5cm approximately).
Figure 18 shows an alternate embodiment of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4 incorporated (embedded) in a
different style of High-Visibility garment 62 with a smaller number
and surface area of reflective stripes 100, 101, 102 and 103 in a
vertical orientation only. The view shows the front of the garment.
The Primary and Secondary heating channels and regions would
be implemented in this embodiment as described previously in
other embodiments to produce warmth for the wearer. The
wearer's heated front left 104 and wearer's front right 105 are
depicted. The temperature is measured separately in the front left
region 104 and front right region 105. This particular embodiment
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shows a shorter length bomber style High-Visibility garment. This
garment would conform to a minimum of ANSI/ISEA 107-2010
Class 1 as depicted in this particular embodiment
Figure 19 shows a further alternate embodiment of the
autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 incorporated
(embedded) in yet another style of High-Visibility garment 63, with
reflective arm stripes only 106, 107 and no front pockets. Once
again this embodiment would have Primary and Secondary heating
channels and regions implemented as described in detail
previously to produce warmth for the wearer. The wearer's heated
front left 108 and wearer's front right 109 are depicted. The
temperature is measured separately in the front left region 108 and
front right region 109.This embodiment although produced with a
High-Visibility materials may not conform to ANSI/ISEA 107-2010
Class 1 specifications without further high-visibility reflective
bands.
Figure 20 shows a small number of alternate embodiments that
may have the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 fitted
(embedded). Garment 60 is one type of embodiment fitted into a
version of a High-Visibility garment that would conform to
ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 1, 2 or 3 subject to the number of
reflective stripes fitted. Also shown in figure 20 is garment 64
which would be an embodiment within a lightweight uni-sex
anorak/jacket. Garment 66 as shown would be an embodiment
fitted within a heavyweight ski type of jacket, which may be fully
padded and fleeced lined. A final embodiment shown in figure 20
is garment 65, this is a dinner suit jacket with silk facings and
collar. The embodiment within a dinner suit shows the scope of
possible alternative embodiments ranging from a High-Visibility
working garment 60 to a luxury evening dinner garment such as a
dinner suit 65. A vast range of alternative embodiments exists
which will be discussed later. All these embodiments shown in
figure 20 and further embodiments could incorporate (be
embedded with) all the standard features of the autonomous, self-
powered heated interlining 4. A smaller sized autonomous heated
interlining 4 could be produced for children's sized garments as
discussed later in this description.
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Figure 21 depicts the components of the system that drive the
Primary and Secondary heating channels in Region C of the
autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4. The components
detailed in figure 21 are "Region Temperature Sensors" for regions
A, B and C as follows (Region "A" - 3 /13), (Region "B" - 5 / 12)
and (Region "C" - 8 / 9) respectively. The sensors information is
relayed into the Embedded Microcontroller via a "1-Wire" digital
interface. The Microcontroller outputs in this embodiment two
PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control signals. The PWM signals
feed the individual gates of the Embedded MOSFETs, depicted in
the figure as "EMBEDDED MOSFET HEATING CIRCUIT
CONTROLLER" (EMHCC). The EMHCC drives the Primary and
Secondary heating channels of each of the regions individually.
Figure 21 shows three separate regions being monitored by two
digital temperature sensors in each region (total 6 heating sensors
in this particular embodiment depicted). The Embedded
Microcontroller then outputs two individually generated PWM
signals 70 and 71 for each of the regions. The figure shows that
the Primary Heating Channel in region C is being driven with an
80% (eighty) duty-cycle 73 and that the Secondary Heating
Channel in the same region ("C") is being driven with a 50% (fifty)
duty-cycle 72; these two signals are then fed directly into the
EMHCC. The Primary Heating Channel 23 and Secondary
Heating Channel 22 are driven by the Primary and Secondary
Channel Outputs 74 and 75 respectively of the EMHCC. The
EMHCC in this embodiment has a further two inputs and outputs
(channel pairs) for regions A and B which in this figure are not
depicted as being connected.
Figure 22 shows a graph accurately plotted with the temperature
rise of Regions "A", "B" and "C" of a garment fitted with the
autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4. The graph
indicates temperature rise over a period of time in seconds from
zero to seven hundred seconds. In this graph each of the three
regions have a different line marking type to show the temperature
plots clearly of each region over the time period measured. The
graph clearly demonstrates the uniform nature of the heat
distribution throughout the three regions "A", "B" and "C". The
graph data was obtained by measuring directly with the
autonomous, self-powered, heated interlining's digital embedded
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
temperature sensors. Further discussion of this graph and the
results will be given in later paragraphs.
Figure 23 depicts the Embedded Microcontroller and Regional
Temperature Sensors for regions A, B and C (Region "A" - 3 / 13),
(Region "B" - 5 / 12) and (Region "C" - 8 / 9) respectively. Also
depicted in an abbreviated form is the Embedded MOSFET
Heating Circuit Controller (EMHCC) input and associated output.
The figure illustrates a 50% duty cycle on both Primary and
Secondary Heating Channels being output by the Embedded
Wireless Microcontroller in the form of a PWM signal 76 and 77.
These signals are fed into the region C's input channels of the
EMHCC. The approximate combined (Primary and Secondary
heating channels) heating output is 25 (twenty-five) Watts of
heating output for region C. The PWM signals output by the
Microcontroller are generated individually in response to a number
of factors including the temperature levels sensed by the individual
regional embedded digital temperature sensors (3 / 13, 5 / 12 and
8 / 9), operational status and possible failure of heating channels
(Primary and Secondary) and the wearer / operators control inputs.
Figure 24 depicts the same components as figure 23 detailed
above. However, in this representation it can be seen that the
PWM signals of the Primary 79 and Secondary 78 heating
channels are different. The Primary PWM signal is outputting a
0% duty-cycle (zero ouput) and the Secondary PWM signal is
outputting a 100% duty-cycle signal (on full-time). The
approximate combined (Primary and Secondary heating channels)
heating output is 25 (twenty-five) Watts of heating output for region
C. The output at 25 Watts is virtually identical to that of figure 23
with a PWM signal of 50% duty-cycle each on the Primary and
Secondary heating channels for region C. This virtually identical
heating output demonstrate the possible scenario of a complete
failure of Primary Heating Channel and thus the Secondary
Heating Channel being driven at an increased duty-cycle in an
attempt to re-establish the desired heating output as it was prior to
the failure of the Primary Heating Channel. A detailed discussion
of this redundancy control system will be given further in the main
description that follows.
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Figure 25 is a graphical representation of the bidirectional
communication via WiFi / Bluetooth that occurs between the
autonomous heated interlining 4 (embedded within a garment) and
the controlling device. An embodiment with a High-Visibility
garment 63, is depicted. The embedded Microcontroller with
wireless module 10, communicates in a bidirectional manner with a
mobile telephone 120, wireless router 121 or a laptop 122
(computer/tablet/iPad ) to monitor and control the heat distribution
and output level (wattage) of the garment with the autonomous
heated interlining 4 fitted (embedded). The garment 63 type
depicted could be any one of vast number of embodiments as
discussed previously and not just a High-Visibility type garment as
shown here. The wearer's heated front left 108 and wearer's front
right 109 are depicted. The temperature is measured separately in
the front left region 108 and front right region 109. Figure 20 shows
a small selection of the possible types of embodiment
configurations. Refer to figure 20's description for more detail on
the possible embodiments. The bidirectional wireless
communication between the garment with the autonomous heated
interlining 4 fitted (embedded) and the various wireless controlling
devices, mobile 120, router 121 and /laptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122
offer extensive flexibility in the control and monitoring of the
garment either by the wearer and / or operator. The wireless router
121 can be configured to communicate via the internet, through a
broadband (or dial-up) connection to allow a remote operator to
monitor, control and configure the garment with the autonomous
heated interlining 4 fitted / embedded from a remote location to the
wearer's locality for a number of reasons possibly including
medical. The autonomous heated interlining 4 can be configured
to report ambient and set heating temperature information from the
digital temperature sensors embedded within the autonomous
heated interlining 4 on a regular timed basis if so required.
Figure 26 is the system chart detailing the embedded components;
including the Prismatic Lithium Ion power cells 1 (or alternative
chemistry and/or sealed abs encased 145 cylindrical power cells
151) of the autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4.
Detailed description of this system chart and the associated
embedded components, along with their individual purpose will be
given in detail in the following paragraphs.
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Figure 27 is the "Discharge Curve" for the Prismatic Lithium Ion
Power Cell as utilised in the autonomous heated interlining 4. The
graph was produced by testing the aforementioned cell at an
operating temperature of 0 degrees C, with a Constant Current
(CC) load of 4.2 Amps (4200ma) applied. The results were logged
on a "Fluke 289" True-rms Industrial Logging Multimeter (DMM)
with "TrendCapture" facility. The voltage output of the cell was data
logged at 1-minute intervals into the internal memory of the Fluke
289 before exporting the logged data to specialist "FlukeView
Forms" software via an I.R. to usb interface cable suitably attached
to the Fluke 289 DMM. The graph shown in figure 27 clearly
demonstrates the extremely flat power discharge characteristics of
the Prismatic Lithium Ion Power Cell (LiFePO4) embedded within
the autonomous heated interlining 4. Further discussions of the
implications of the discharge characteristics exhibited by the cell
will be given later in the following paragraphs. A similar discharge
curve would be expected to be produced by the alternative sealed
abs encased cylindrical power cells of a similar chemistry type.
Figure 28 is the "Discharge Curve" for an alternative power cell
produced fundamentally from Alkaline based chemistry. The same
testing equipment (Fluke 289 DMM & FlukeView Forms
software) and procedure was used to produce this discharge curve
graph. This test was conducted at an operating temperature of 10
degrees C, with a Constant Current (CC) load of 4.2 Amps
(4200ma) applied once again. The voltage output of the cell was
data logged at 1-minute intervals into the internal memory of the
Fluke 289 before exporting the logged data to specialist
"FlukeView Forms" software as previously. The significantly
steeper characteristics of this curve with appreciably higher
(warmer) operating temperature will be discussed later in direct
comparison to the Prismatic Lithium Ion Power Cell utilised in the
autonomous heated interlining 4, or the alternative sealed encased
cylindrical cells of the same chemistry type.
Figure 29 is a drawing showing the Prismatic Lithium Ion Pouch
Cell 140, which in one embodiment of the autonomous heated
interlining 4 is embedded within the felt interlining as depicted in
figures 1 and 2. The output terminal tabs (Anode and Cathode)
141 and 142 are clearly identifiable on one of the shorter sides of
the pouch. The width (W) of the pouch, length (L) and height (H)
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will vary in direct proportion to the cell's output capacity (Ah). One
particular embodiment, with a reduced cell output suitable for
integration in a child's garment may be 120mm (L) by 60mm (W)
by lOmm (H) (4.7 inches by 2.4 inches by 0.4 inches respectively),
having a rated output capacity of 6.3 Ah (6300mAh). A plurality of
varying cell (Prismatic Lithium Ion Pouch) sizes could be
implement subject to a number of specific requirements and
constraints including rated cell power (Ah), running time required,
autonomous heated interlining heating output (total combined
channel wattage) and space availability amongst a number of
other variable factors which may need to be considered.
Figure 30 shows an alternative possible method of embedding
Lithium Ion Cells (or similar chemistry cells) within the autonomous
heated interlining. The figure shows one possible design for an
ABS battery cell casing 145 with separate top 147 produced in
ABS and sealed onto the main cell casing 145 with suitable
sealant being used around the lower lip 148 of the casing top 147.
The casing top has a suitably sized (diameter) exit hole 149 for the
power leads to exit the sealed battery casing. The battery cell
casing 145 has rounded edges to minimise wasted space
associated with the use of cylindrical cells. A representation of
wasted space associated with cylindrical cells is depicted
graphically 152. A number of different cylindrical cells with varying
diameters 150 and lengths 151 could be implemented subject
once again, to a number of different factors, similar to those
already discussed in the description of figure 29 above. One
possible Lithium Ion cell embodiment (LiFePO4) 151 can be seen
with a height (H) and a diameter (D). The diameter of the cell
would be nominally smaller than the width of the ABS casing's
internal wall dimension 146 so that the cells fit tightly into the
casing and allow for some expansion during charging and any
exothermic reaction, which may occur during high current drain
situations such as full heat output of the autonomous heated
interlining. An alternative smaller length (H2) and diameter 153
(D2) cylindrical cell 154 is shown. This smaller cell size 154 would
be suitable in an embodiment for a child's autonomous heated
interlining. The output voltage of the cell would be the same as the
larger cell 151, but the Ah (amp/hour) capacity of the cell would be
reduced in proportion to its reduction in size and volume (H2 and
D2). The cells shown in figures 29 and 30 are of Lithium Ion type
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14
chemistry, a plurality of other cell chemistry compositions exists
such as Nanophosphate Lithium Ion, Ext Nanophosphate Lithium
Ion, Nickel Cadmium, Nickel-metal Hydride, Lithium Ion, Lithium
Ion Polymer and Lithium Iron Phosphate, amongst a variety of
other known chemistry types. These alternative cell type
compositions exist in a variety of formats such as prismatic
pouches and cylindrical cell formats. The ABS casing 145 allows
for any one of these types of chemistry to be used in any one
specific embodiment of the autonomous heated interlining.
The invention relates to an autonomous, self-powered heated
interlining which can be incorporated into virtually any form of
structured lined garment. The following paragraphs give a detailed
description of a number of possible embodiments for this invention,
its design, construction and its manner of operation. The
extremely flexible nature of this autonomous interlining 4 allows for
an almost infinite number of possible embodiments; the
embodiments shown in the figures and discussed herein are only a
small representation of the immense number of possible wide
ranging embodiments, and thus should not be considered to be
exhaustive in any manner.
The autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 will for the
remainder of this description be referred to as the autonomous
interlining 4.
Detailed Description
The autonomous interlining 4 has its own dedicated embedded
power source; in the particular embodiments depicted in the
figures, the embedded power source may consists of a plurality of
Lithium Ion Prismatic Pouch Cells 1 or alternatively a plurality of
cylindrical power cells with a similar chemistry base. The
cylindrical cells would be encased in a sealed slim-line case made
from ABS material; this cell type is depicted in figures 30. A
plurality of Prismatic Pouch Cells 1 or cylindrical encased power
cells 151 can be incorporated dependant upon the required output
(heat) wattage of the autonomous interlining and the associated
desired running time for said output (heat) wattage. The prismatic
power cells and alternative cylindrical cells are not user (wearer)
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
serviceable, and are actually completely embedded (sealed) within
the construction of the autonomous interlining 4. The user (wearer)
does not see or come into contact with the Lithium Ion Prismatic
Pouch Cells 1 or alternative cylindrical cells at any time as they are
embedded within sealed pouches / abs cases as represented in
figures 2 and 30 respectively. The user is never required to
manipulate or service these power cells in any way. The prismatic
and cylindrical cells have a charging life cycle (number of separate
charges) in excess of 3200 charges, whilst still maintaining an 88%
initial capacity charge state. The charging life cycle allows for a
minimum life expectancy in excess of eight (8) years with normal
to high usage levels on a regular daily basis. An experienced
electronic engineer, if so required could replace the power cells,
although given the long charging life cycle this is an unlikely
scenario. The cells and the associated embedded charging
method / circuitry will be discussed further in detail in the following
description.
One embodiment sees the use of Nanophosphate Lithium Ion
Prismatic Pouch Cells as depicted in figure 2. An alternative
embodiment would be with the use of Lithium Ion Prismatic Pouch
cells 140 or Lithium Ion cells (cylindrical) 151. The embedded
cell's performance is improved by placing it within a sealed pouch
located adjacent to the heating channels. It is a known fact that all
battery cells performance, voltage and current output, is improved
by ensuring that it operates at a higher than lower temperature.
The operating temperature range of the Nanophosphate Lithium
Ion Prismatic Pouch Cells is within the region of -30 degrees
Celsius to +55 degrees Celsius. The cells 1 being placed
embedded within the autonomous heated interlining 4, lined with
an aluminium reflective cotton material 14 as clearly depicted in
figure 2. This method of embedment will ensure that at all times
the cell's operating temperature will be maintained above 0
degrees Celsius and thus its performance will be greatly improved.
The heating channels will actually warm the cells, and thus the
performance and output of the cells will be improved in this
particular embodiment. A possible alternative Prismatic Lithium
Ion Pouch Cell that may be used is a "Nanophosphate EXT Lithium
Ion" which handles extreme temperatures on both ends of the
scale better, and thus has a better overall operating temperature
range and performance. This "EXT" type cell could be
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
16
implemented for use in extreme cold weather environments. The
use of "EXT" type cell chemistry would improve both the voltage
and current output of the heated interlining 4 to both produce more
heat output (wattage) and operate for a longer period of time
between recharging cycles in colder operating conditions.
An alternative embodiment to the Prismatic Lithium Ion Pouch
Cells 140 in figure 29, is to use a similar cell chemistry but in
cylindrical format 151 as shown in figure 30 as previously
discussed. The cylindrical cells would be wired in parallel and
sealed in a slim-line case made from ABS material, manufactured
with a sealing top 147. The number of cells wired in parallel will
depend upon the required current output desired. One possible
embodiment would be to have three cells encased together and
wired in parallel with each other. Three cases (wired in parallel) of
three cells would then be wired in series to produce an average,
"off-load" combined voltage in the region of 9.6 volts. The total Ah
(Amp/hour) capacity in this configuration would be in the order of
3.3Ah (3300mAh). The individual cell dimension would be in the
order of 65mm in height (H) and 18mm in diameter (D) (2.5 inches
by 0.70 inches respectively). A suitable cell for this particular
embodiment would be an A123 SYSTEMS "APR18650-m1A", this
cell being of a Lithium Ion Nanophosphate type chemistry
structure. Alternatively, if a higher amp hour rating was required
the "APR18650m1A" cell could be substituted for the "ANR26650-
ml" which would in the same configuration of three cells in parallel
connected three times in series to produce the same "off-load"
combined voltage of 9.6 volts but at a higher 6.9Ah (6900mAh)
total capacity. Numerous other types of different cells (types and
chemistry) from a variety of manufacturers exist which could be
implemented in this or similar planned embodiment subject to the
voltage and amp hour requirements required. A plurality of other
cell compositions exists such as Nanophosphate Lithium Ion, Ext
Nanophosphate Lithium Ion, Nickel Cadmium, Nickel-metal
Hydride, Lithium Ion, Lithium Ion Polymer and Lithium Iron
Phosphate. These alternative cell type compositions exist in a
variety of formats such as prismatic pouches and cylindrical cell
formats. The voltage and Ah of these alternative cells vary
considerably and the choice of cell for any particular embodiment
will depend upon a number of factors such as heating output
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
17
required (wattage) and total running time, amongst other factors
such as weight.
The autonomous interlining also contains the embedded charging
inductive coils and associated rectifier circuitry for the wireless
charging system. A plurality of low power digital temperature
sensors such as Dallas DS18B20 with the unique "1-Wire"
interface are embedded within the autonomous interlining 4. The
plurality of sensors are capable of individually reporting back to the
embedded microcontroller with an accuracy of + or ¨ 0.5 degree
Celsius for each of the measured regions. The sensors have a
temperature measuring range of -55 degree Celsius to +125
degree Celsius. The particular embodiment shown in the figures
depicts six Dallas DS18B20 digital temperature sensors being
used to report directly back to the Microcontroller via a "1-Wire"
digital interface. The sensors are configured to obtain power via
the data input/output pin in "Parasite" mode so as to avoid running
additional power feeds to the individual sensors. Alternative digital
temperature sensors such Texas Instruments TMP102 with
"SMBusTmfTwo-Wire" Serial Interface, could be implemented in
place of the aforementioned Dallas DS18620 digital sensors. A
variety of other digital temperature sensors could be implemented
if required. The fundamental purpose of whichever type of digital
temperature sensor is implemented is to accurately report to the
Microcontroller the temperature in the specific region being
measured. The embodiment depicted in the figures demonstrates
the use of six digital temperature sensors within three distinct
regions ("A", "B" and "C"). A smaller or larger plurality of sensors
and regions may be used dependant upon the embodiment
(garment) the autonomous heated interlining 4 is being
implemented within and the desired level of accuracy and
functionality required.
The Microcontroller 10 monitors the temperature from each
regional sensors (3, 5, 8, 9, 12 and 13) approximately once every
second. The sensors each have a unique serial number that is
used to identify the particular regional sensor when the
temperature data is read via the "1-Wire" serial interface into the
Microcontroller 10. An additional embodiment would allow for an
extra sensor to be implemented for reading and reporting ambient
temperature sent by the bidirectional communication channel.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
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18
This would allow the Microcontroller to adjust the individual output
levels to the MOSFETs in order to automatically regulate the
autonomous heated interlining's heating channels in such a
manner to accurately establish a temperature as set by the wearer
or operator on the mobile telephone 120, laptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122
or remotely via an operator obtaining access to the autonomous
heated interlining via the wireless router 121 connected to the
internet (wide area network) or local network as depicted in figure
25. The temperature readings obtained from the plurality of
sensors can be reported back to the wearer / operator via the
bidirectional WiFi / Bluetooth Module that is embedded and
interfaced to the Embedded Wireless Microcontroller 10. The
temperature could then be displayed either numerically or
graphically on the mobile telephone 120, laptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122
or transmitted via the wireless router 121 connected to the Internet
or local network. Accurate measuring and reporting of regional
temperatures throughout the autonomous heated interlining 4 is of
paramount importance to control and balance the temperature of
the garment by utilising the received temperature data to control
the Primary and Secondary regional heating channels within each
of the regions individually. The system will also allow balanced
temperature both throughout the plurality of individual regions and
also vertically within each of the specific regions. The system will
allow the Primary and Secondary heating channels within a
specific region to be driven independently of each other should the
embedded Microcontroller decide that due to a temperature
mismatch within a specific region more heating output (wattage) is
required in Primary channel of that region than the Secondary
channel in the same region. The embedded Microcontroller may
run the Primary channel at 80% duty-cycle whilst it runs the
Secondary channel at 50% duty-cycle until it has established with
a further later temperature reading, that the Primary and
Secondary channel temperatures have now been appropriately
balanced. The Microcontroller may also be programmed to
balance the temperatures between the individual regions. The
graph shown in figure 22 clearly indicates that in this particular
embodiment measured the temperatures in regions "A", "B" and
"C" are almost perfectly balanced with less than 0.3 degrees
Celsius deviation between any of the individual aforementioned
regions.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
. .
19
The autonomous interlining 4 also has an embedded 8-Bit Low
Power Microcontroller 10 within its structure. Alternative
Microcontrollers such as 4-Bit and 16-Bit could be implemented if
required. The Microcontroller incorporates on-board system
memory that contains custom written code for the control and
monitoring of the heating system of the garment within which the
autonomous interlining is embedded. The Microcontroller is
interfaced to a WiFi / Bluetooth controller module via an UART
interface or alternative interface such as l2C (Wire) or a plurality
of other types of available interfaces available on the embedded
Microcontroller. The WiFi module is a complete ultra low power
embedded TCP/IP solution. The module offers stand alone
embedded wireless 802.11 b/g/n networking. The module
incorporates its own 2.4 GHz radio, processor,TCP/IP stack, real-
time clock and UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter) interface. The WIFI / Bluetooth module allows the
autonomous interlining 4 to be controlled from any device having a
wireless connection and web browser or appropriate operating
system with suitable Application (App with Serial data connection
or similar communication protocol). A mobile phone 120 with
WiFi or a Laptop (computer/tablet/iPad ) 122 with WiFi can
easily be used to operate the autonomous interlining with ease.
The wireless router 121, which may be connected to the Internet
will allow for a remote operator to monitor, configure and operate
the autonomous interlining 4 from a remote location (WAN) or a
local location via a local area network (LAN). A detailed
description of this will be given in the following paragraphs.
The final major components of the autonomous interlining will now
be discussed prior to a full description with reference to the figures
in order in which they appear. The autonomous interlining
produces a highly consistent and uniform level of heat output
(wattage) throughout the garment it is installed within. The
particular embodiment depicted has a plurality of heating regions
("A", "B" and "C") to ensure equal distribution of heating throughout
the complete garment to which it is fitted (embedded). The system
incorporates both Primary and Secondary heating channels for
each region. The Microcontroller monitors and controls (cycles)
the Primary and Secondary channels in an automatic manner
relative to the requirements the wearer or operator has selected
via the wireless WiFi / Bluetooth controller (possibly mobile
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
telephone 120, remote operator via wireless internet connected
router 121 and/or laptop/pc 122). The desired heat output and
hence level can be chosen and set either by utilising the web
browser on the mobile telephone 120 or laptop / personal
computer 122 (including tablet/iPad ) or by the use of a dedicated
application on the mobile 120 or Iaptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122 as
required. The system is designed to operate currently with both
lOS , Android devices and should be able to be functional with
future similar devices that operate on Wireless and/or Bluetooth
protocols using similar operating systems and platforms.
The embodiment has both Primary and Secondary heating
channels for all the regions. The fundamental purpose of the
Primary and Secondary heating channels is to ensure a complete
redundancy facility should either of the channels fail on a
temporary or permanent basis whilst operating. The Primary and
Secondary channels are individually controlled by separate
MOSFET's that are driven and monitored directly from the
Embedded Wireless Microcontroller 10. The software stored in the
Microcontroller 10 monitors on a regular time basis, approximately
once every second the current level being drawn by each of the
individual heating channels in each of the regions, Primary and
Secondary on an individual basis using a highly accurate "Hall"
type sensor, with the output being logged by the Microcontroller.
The Microcontroller 10 immediately reports to the operator if any
one or more heating channels have failed or it has detected an
operating anomaly in the previous operating period. The reporting
of the failure is accomplished through the WiFr's / Bluetootes
bidirectional data transfer to the mobile telephone 120, wireless
router 121 or laptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122 the operator is using to
control the device. The system is also programmed to
automatically increase the heating output (duty-cycle) of the
remaining channel in the region for which the other channel has
failed in an attempt to maintain the previous heating output. The
following situation demonstrates the above; if in one of the regions
the Secondary channel has failed and prior to the failure occurring
the heating level in that region for both channels was being
controlled at a 40% duty-cycle, then the system would
automatically increase the duty-cycle on the remaining channel
(Primary) to 80% duty-cycle in order to obtain a similar level of
heating output (wattage). The system would continue to monitor
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
21
the failed channel and the remaining channels so that should the
situation change in any way the Microcontroller 10 can take the
appropriate action to attempt to maintain the set and desired
heating level. The Microcontroller 10 can be considered to be
intelligent in the manner in which it continually monitors and
updates the heating duty-cycles of the regions for both the Primary
and Secondary channels. The Primary and Secondary heating
channels are at all times driven independently of each other to
maximise control efficiency.
The autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 incorporates its
own wireless inductive charging system. One embodiment, which
demonstrates the nature and location of the wireless inductive
charging coils 6 and system is depicted within figure 1. The user
(wearer) or operator of the garment never has to give any direct
thought to the in-depth charging management and process. One
charging embodiment is by means of simply hanging the garment
on a special hanger which has embedded wireless inductive
charging coils (primary) contained within it. The special hanger,
which is connected to a high frequency Alternating Current (AC)
supply, charges the garment by wireless magnetic inductive
means. The placement of the garment on the hanger allows the
wireless inductive coils to magnetically couple. The circuitry is
designed to ensure that near perfect Magnetic Resonance occurs
between the primary coils in the hanger and the secondary pick-up
coils embedded within the autonomous interlining 4. The
autonomous interlining contains the required rectifier circuitry so as
to convert the induced AC (Alternating Current) to DC (Direct
Current) for charging of the embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion Power
Cells 1 or alternative cylindrical cells 151. The Microcontroller 10
monitors and adjusts the charging cycle as required. The
embedded Microcontroller 10, reports via WiFi / Bluetooth if the
embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion Power Cells 1 or the embedded
abs encased cylindrical cells 145 are reaching a critical level and
require imminent charging.
The autonomous, self-powered heated interlining 4 is designed to
be embedded within virtually any form of structured garment male
or female, adult or child. The figures show a number of different
embodiments, although the ones shown are by example only and
are not in any manner exhaustive of the possible implementations.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
22
Although the interlining is primarily designed for use in outside cold
weather environments; the system can also be efficiently utilised
within indoor environments that are cold, and that cannot be
heated from a practical point of view for any number of reasons.
The system could be incorporated into life saving garments, and
hence the Primary and Secondary heating channels and
associated monitoring and redundancy control system are of
particular importance in this type of embodiment. The system is
designed to be extremely user friendly, and no knowledge of
heating or electronics is required to run and manage the system's
usage. The wearer or operator never needs to have any real
mechanical or electrical aptitude to use the system (heated
garments), and hence children and the elderly could use it with
ease. The garment is simply taken from its charging hanger or
alternative charging embodiment and then worn as any normal
garment, but with the distinct advantage of heating output to keep
the wearer warm or alive in extreme conditions.
The control and adjustment of the garment can either be
undertaken from a mobile telephone 120 either with a web browser
or the appropriate downloaded software application (App). The
system can also be controlled from any desktop computer, laptop
or tablet 122 (iPad or other type). One embodiment that is
envisaged is the use of the autonomous, self-powered heated
interlining within a suitable garment for the elderly or infirm. The
garment would allow the wearer to be kept warm at a constant
temperature either inside a building or outside if required. Control
and management of the garment in this particular embodiment
may be undertaken by way of a laptop or desktop computer
managed by a younger operator (nurse etc). The system would
allow for any number of autonomous, self-powered heated
interlinings 4 embedded within suitable garments to be controlled
remotely at any one location as each is identified to the controlling
software (App or web server) by way of a unique serial number
identifier (or logged to a wearer's name). This embodiment within a
medical field would allow the control to be established via a
wireless router 121 either on an internal network (LAN) or
connected to the Internet (WAN) to establish control. This form of
embodiment ensures that each wearer is kept at a predefined
temperature for his / her own comfort and health requirements.
The heating efficiency and cost saving of this embodiment by
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
23
heating individuals directly as apposed to large areas (buildings)
would be significant, both from a financial point of view and the
decreased Carbon footprint which would follow by reducing the
average heating levels in the large buildings and more directly
heating the individual in an efficient manner.
Referring to the figures once again, a comprehensive description
of the embedded components of the autonomous, self-powered
heated interlining 4 and its associated external accessories will
now be given in detail.
Figure 1, shows the main components of the autonomous
interlining excluding the heating channels for clarity. The layout of
one possible embodiment of the heating channels can be seen in
figure 3; clearly identified are the Primary (20, 24 & 23) and
Secondary (21, 25 & 22) heating channels in the three regions in
this particular embodiment. Looking at item 1 (figures 1 & 2) this is
the Prismatic Lithium Ion power cell. The power cell is enclosed
within a stitched pouch 2. The digital temperature sensors
DS18B20 are shown at positions 3, 5, 8, 9, 12 and 13 which
correspond to the different individual heating regions in this
embodiment. The main felt interlining which supports all the
components is shown by 4. A plurality of inductive charging coils 6
can be seen located together. These coils are of a planar nature
and are connected to the embedded charging circuit. The circuit
incorporates a capacitor wired in parallel to form a resonant tank
circuit tuned to a specific frequency in the low Megahertz range.
The output of the coils is fed into a full-wave bridge rectifier to
produce the Direct Current (DC) power used for charging the
embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion power cells (or encased
cylindrical cells of similar chemistry composition) via a charging
control chip such as a Linear Technology "LTC4052" which is
produced in an MSOP package for convenience of application. A
range of alternative charging control chips exists that could also be
used in this embodiment and similar embodiments to monitor and
control the charging of the embedded cells. The stitch line 7 for
stitching into a garment can be clearly seen. The stitching would
follow the outer edge, with an appropriate seam allowance being
implemented. The stitching would follow the facing, shoulder seam,
back neck facing, shoulder seam and facing. Stitching along the
lower horizontal edge 15 would not be necessary. The
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
24
Microcontroller 10 and associated WiFi / Bluetooth module,
located on the Microcontroller's circuit board can be seen with the
surrounding pouch 11. The Microcontroller 10 would be
embedded and stitched into pouch 11, thus being invisibly fixed
into the autonomous heated interlining 4 felt. The Microcontroller's
circuit would be encased within a slim-line, rectangular, high-
impact rigid ABS enclosure. The enclosure would have gasket
seals and rubber grommets to establish an IP54 rating. The ABS
material could be substituted for a material with similar
characteristic paying particular attention to its weight, which needs
to be minimised as far as possible.
Figure 2, shows an enlarged / exploded view of the power cell 1.
The base felt 4; on the top of this base felt is a rectangular layer 14
of reflective insulating Rayon material at approximately 175gms.
The Rayon material is coated with a thin layer of Aluminium oxide.
The Aluminium coating reflects any heat produced by the Lithium
Ion Prismatic cell back towards the Prismatic cell. The heating
channels (Primary and Secondary) stitched above the pouch
covering 2 apply a degree of heating to the Prismatic cell
embedded within the pouch. The layer of Aluminium coated
Rayon material 14 situated between the interlining fabric 4 and the
Prismatic Cell ensures that heat energy is reflected back into the
cell so as to maximise its low temperature performance and
longevity. The prismatic power cell 1 is encapsulated in a pouch
with a felt covering 2 stitched in place and sealing it from the
wearer, thus making it embedded. This particular embodiment has
three Lithium Ion Prismatic cells embedded within the autonomous
heated interlining 4 felt base. Alternative number of cells could be
implemented subject to the heat output (wattage) and running time
required.
Figure 3 is the complete layout of the heating regions and Primary
and Secondary heating channels. The Primary heating channel 20
on the left (wearer's right) is seen above the Secondary heating
channel 21 on the left. The back region Primary heating channel
24 is above the Secondary heating channel 25. The right Primary
heating channel (wearer's left) 23 is located above the Secondary
heating channel 22. All of the heating channels (Primary /
Secondary) are driven by separate MOSFET's. The heating
channels are positioned in such a manner as to ensure an efficient
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
and even distribution of heat throughout the garment it is installed
(embedded) within. The embodiment shown in relation to the
Primary and Secondary heating channels produces a total heat
coverage of some ninety-seven (97%) percent relative to total area
of the interlining. The MOSFETs are directly driven by the digital
outputs of the Microcontroller using a digital logic level signal to
produce a duty-cycle for each individual heating channel in
isolation from the adjacent channels. The flexibility offered by this
method of control allows for precise, adjustable stability of heat
generated throughout the garment the autonomous interlining is
embedded within. Duty-cycle can be programmed to be any value
between 0.4% and 100% using a method of PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) output from the digital pins of the microcontroller chip,
which is directly driving the MOSFETs. The output heating
wattage of the autonomous heated interlining can thus
approximately produce between 0.38 watts and 95 watts at
maximum power.
Figure 4 shows an enlarged view of the central back section of the
autonomous heated interlining. The Primary heating channel 24 is
shown located above the Secondary heating. The position (layout)
of the heating channels are prepared (planned) in such a manner
as to optimise heating area coverage and distribution.
Approximately 98% of the total heated interlining area is evenly
heated by the Primary and Secondary heating channels in the
embodiment shown.
Figure 5 shows a detailed view of the Primary and Secondary
heating channel 20 and 21 respectively on the left side (wearer's
right) of the autonomous heated interlining. Approximately 96% of
the heated interlining area is evenly heated by the Primary and
Secondary heating channels 20 and 21 in this embodiment. The
Primary 20 and Secondary 21 heating channels are driven
separately by the MOSFETs as described in detail above.
Figure 6 shows a detailed view of the Primary and Secondary
heating channels 23 and 22 respectively on the right side (wearer's
left) of the autonomous heated interlining. Approximately 96% of
the heated interlining area is evenly heated by the Primary and
Secondary heating channels 23 and 22 in this embodiment. The
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
26
Primary 23 and Secondary 22 heating channels are driven
separately by the MOSFETs as described in detail above.
Figure 7 shows one embodiment of a possible style garment 30
the autonomous heat interlining 4 can be fitted into. The digital
temperature sensors DS18B20 are positioned in the different
heating regions as shown by locations 3, 8, 9 and 13. The
temperature sensors are configured in such a manner so that one
of the sensors reads the heat generated by the Primary heating
channel and the other by the Secondary heating channel. The
Primary heating channels are read in this figure by 3 and 8. The
Secondary heating channels are read in this figure by 13 and 9
respectively. The digital temperature data is transmitted using the
"1-Wire" network to the Microcontroller. The type of sensor used in
this embodiment, Dallas DS18B20 is only one of a variety of
possible types of digital temperature sensors that could be
embedded within the autonomous heated interlining 4 and
connected (interfaced) with the Microcontroller for accurately
measuring and logging the region's temperature.
Figure 8 shows the position of the Primary and Secondary heating
sensors for measuring temperature on the back of the garment 30.
The Primary heating channel on the back is measured by the
position of the Primary sensor 5 on the upper back and the
Secondary heating channel is measured by the position of the
Secondary sensor 12 on the lower back. The digital temperature
data is transmitted using a 1-Wire network to the Microcontroller.
The type of sensor used in this embodiment Dallas DS18620 is
only one of a variety of possible types of digital temperature
sensors that could be embedded within the autonomous heated
interlining and connected (interfaced) with the Microcontroller for
accurately measuring and logging the region's temperature.
Figure 9 shows the front view of one particular embodiment of a
garment 30, which has the autonomous heated interlining
embedded within it. The figure shows heating region "A" that is
heated by the Primary and Secondary Heating channels. The
Primary channel is marked as "Au" 41 on the figure and the
Secondary heating channel is marked as "AL" 40. The heating in
this region "A" can be monitored and accurately balanced /
controlled by the Microcontroller and the information it receives
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
27
from the digital temperature sensors. The Primary 41 and
Secondary 40 circuits are continuously monitored for failure. The
Microcontroller controls the heating cycles (duty-cycle) of each of
the channels separately, should it be found that one circuit was to
develop a fault the other circuit's duty-cycle (on period) would be
increased in order to maintain the desired heating output
(wattage). The Primary and Secondary channels are each
separately controlled by their own MOSFETs. The gates of the
MOSFETs are each individually driven by a discrete digital pin on
the Microcontroller. Any fault in either the Primary or Secondary
heating channels would be reported to the wearer / operator by
sending a message via the WiFI / Bluetooth wireless
communication module that is incorporated within the
Microcontroller. If a fault in one of the heating channels (Primary
or Secondary) was to resolve itself automatically, then the
Microcontroller would again detect this and alter the duty-cycle
(on/off period) in order to maintain the desired heating output
(wattage) as originally set prior to the fault being detected. The
operator would then be advised once again that the fault had
rectified itself by an alert being sent to the controlling device either
by wireless or Bluetooth communication. The controlling device
would either be a mobile telephone 120 and/or a laptop/pc/tablet/
iPad 122 as depicted in figure 25. A remote device could also be
advised of the fault rectification (or other notifications/parameters)
by the wireless router 121 which could be connected either to a
local area network (LAN) or the Internet on wide area network
(WAN). One possible embodiment utilising the wireless router 121
on a LAN or WAN would be to advise a carer/operator or medical
professional of any change in the operating parameters of the
autonomous heated interlining 4 embedded within the appropriate
garment worn by the individual being cared for.
Figure 10 shows the front view of one particular embodiment of a
garment 30, which has the autonomous heated interlining within it.
The figure shows heating region "C" which is heated by the
Primary and Secondary heating channels. The Primary channel is
marked as "Cu" 42 on the figure and the Secondary heating
channel is marked as "CL" 43. The heating in this region "C" can
be monitored and accurately balanced / controlled by the
Microcontroller and the information it receives from the digital
temperature sensors. The Primary 42 and Secondary 43 circuits
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
. .
28
are continuously monitored for failure. The Microcontroller controls
the heating cycles (duty-cycle) of each of the channels separately,
should it be found that one circuit was to develop a fault the other
circuit's duty-cycle (on period) would be increased in order to
maintain the desired heating output (wattage). The Primary and
Secondary channels are each separately controlled by their own
MOSFETs. The gates of the MOSFETs are each driven by a
discrete digital pin on the Microcontroller 10. Any fault in either the
Primary or Secondary heating channels would be reported to the
operator by sending a message via the WiFI / Bluetooth wireless
communication module that is incorporated within the
Microcontroller. If a fault in one of the heating channels (Primary
or Secondary) was to resolve itself automatically, then the
Microcontroller would again detect this and alter the duty-cycle
(on/off period) in order to maintain the desired heating output
(wattage) as originally set prior to the fault being detected. The
operator would then be advised once again that the fault had
rectified itself by an alert being sent to the controlling device either
by wireless or Bluetooth communication. The controlling device
would either be a mobile telephone 120 and/or a laptop/pc/tablet/
'Pad 122 as depicted in figure 25. A remote device could also be
advised of the fault rectification (or other notifications/parameters)
by the wireless router 121 which could be connected either to a
local area network (LAN) or the Internet on wide area network
(WAN). One possible embodiment utilising the wireless router 121
on a LAN or WAN would be to advise a carer/operator or medical
professional of any change in the operating parameters of the
autonomous heated interlining 4 embedded within the appropriate
garment worn by the individual being cared for.
Figure 11 shows the front view of one particular embodiment of a
garment 30, which has the autonomous heated interlining within it.
The back of this garment is heated with a Primary 45 and
Secondary 46 heating channels "Bu" and "BL" respectively. The
back heating channels 45 and 46 are each driven and monitored
separately. The Primary 45 and Secondary 46 channels are each
driven by separate MOSFETs. The gates of the MOSFETs are
individually driven by discrete digital outputs of the Microcontroller.
The temperature of the Primary 45 and Secondary 46 channels are
monitored by digital temperature sensors 5 and 12 respectively.
The heating in this region "B" can be monitored and accurately
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
, .
29
balanced / controlled by the Microcontroller and the information it
receives from the digital temperature sensors 5 and 12. The
Microcontroller controls the heating cycles (duty-cycle) of each of
the channels 45 and 46 separately, should it be found that one
circuit was to develop a fault the other circuit's duty-cycle (on
period) would be increased in order to maintain the desired heating
output (wattage). The Primary and Secondary channels are each
separately controlled by their own MOSFETs. The gates of the
MOSFETs are each driven by a discrete digital pin on the
Microcontroller 10. Any fault in either the Primary or Secondary
heating channels would be reported to the operator by sending a
message via the WiFI / Bluetooth wireless communication
module that is incorporated within the Microcontroller. If a fault in
one of the heating channels (Primary or Secondary) was to resolve
itself automatically, then the Microcontroller would again detect this
and alter the duty-cycle (on/off period) in order to maintain the
desired heating output (wattage) as originally set prior to the fault
being detected. The operator would then be advised once again
that the fault had rectified itself by an alert being sent to the
controlling device either by wireless or Bluetooth communication.
The controlling device would either be a mobile telephone 120
and/or a laptop/pc/tablet/iPad 122 as depicted in figure 25. A
remote device could also be advised of the fault rectification (or
other notifications/parameters) by the wireless router 121 which
could be connected either to a local area network (LAN) or the
Internet on wide area network (WAN). One possible embodiment
utilising the wireless router 121 on a LAN or WAN would be to
advise a carer/operator or medical professional of any change in
the operating parameters of the autonomous heated interlining 4
embedded within the appropriate garment worn by the individual
being cared for.
Figure 12 shows the back view of garment 30 as depicted in figure
13. The Primary 45 and Secondary 46 heating channel regions
"BU" and "BL" respectively can be clearly identified in this figure.
The heating and control of this area (45 and 46) is fully detailed
above in figure 11's description.
Figure 13 shows the front view of garment 30. The position of the
embedded inductive charging coils 50 can clearly be seen in the
collar area of the garment. This particular embodiment shows
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
eight embedded inductive charging coils located within the back
lining. An alternative embodiment with either a greater or smaller
number of inductive charging coils could exist dependant upon the
charging characteristics of the particular embodiment. The
position of these embedded inductive coils is such that they will be
in a direct vertical plane so as to closely magnetically couple with
inductive coils embedded within the charging hanger used to
charge the autonomous heated interlining 4 embedded power
cells. A plurality of inductive charging coils 50 can be seen located
together. These coils are of a planar nature and are connected to
the embedded charging circuit. The circuit incorporates a
capacitor wired in parallel to form a resonant tank circuit tuned to a
specific frequency in the low Megahertz range. The output of the
coils is fed into a full-wave bridge rectifier to produce the Direct
Current (DC) power used for charging the embedded Prismatic
Lithium Ion power cells (or alternative chemistry and/or cylindrical
cells) via a charging control chip such as a Linear Technology
"LTC4052" which is produced in an MSOP package for
convenience of application. A range of alternative charging control
chips exists that could also be used in this embodiment and similar
embodiments to monitor and control the charging of the embedded
cells. This is one particular embodiment; the number, size and
position of the planar inductive charging coils may vary subject to
the charging requirements of the garment and its associated
embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion power cells (or alternative
chemistry and/or cylindrical cells 151). The charging coils may
also be placed lower on the back of the garment 30 near the hem
of the garment; this is depicted clearly in figure 14.
Figure 14 is simply a rear view of garment 30 as shown in figure
13. The position of the embedded inductive charging coils can be
seen in relation to the back of the garment. This is one particular
embodiment; the number, size and position of the planar inductive
charging coils may vary subject to the charging requirements of
the garment and its associated embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion
power cells (or alternative cylindrical cells 151 as previously
detailed above). The charging coils 50 are position near the collar
region of the garment; alternatively they may be positioned near
the hem of the jacket 51 as clearly shown. The inset diagram of
the autonomous heated interlining 4, also shows in this
representation coils located near the collar region 50 and a further
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
31
set of coils located near the hem 51. A variety of alternative
embodiments may exist with the coils positioned anywhere in-
between these two positions. The Primary charging coils must be
positioned in a similar matching position in whatever embodiment
is utilised so that efficient magnetic coupling can be produced
between the Primary and Secondary coils.
Figure 15 depicts a High-Visibility garment that contains the
autonomous heated interlining. The garment will meet ANSI/ISEA
107-2010 Class 1, 2 or 3 specifications subject to the number and
total area of high-visibility stripes applied. The arms of this
embodiment have reflective stripes 80, 81, 86 and 87 applied. The
main body of the High-Visibility garment has vertical reflective
stripes 83 and 84 respectively applied. Horizontal reflective stripes
93, 88, 90 and 91 are stitched to the body. The heating regions of
this embodiment include Primary and Secondary circuits for
redundancy feature as found and discussed in the previous non
High-Visibility garment embodiments already described. The
wearer's left region is made up of the Primary channel area 85 and
the Secondary channel area 89. The wearer's right region is made
up of the Primary channel area 82 and the Secondary channel
area 92. The Primary and Secondary channels are each
separately controlled by their own MOSFETs. The gates of the
MOSFETs are each driven by a discrete digital pin on the
Microcontroller 10. Any fault in either the Primary or Secondary
heating channels would be reported to the wearer / operator by
sending a message via the WiFI / Bluetooth wireless
communication module that is incorporated within the
Microcontroller. If a fault in one of the heating channels (Primary
or Secondary) was to resolve itself automatically, then the
Microcontroller would again detect this and alter the duty-cycle
(on/off period) in order to maintain the desired heating output
(wattage) as originally set prior to the fault being detected. The
operator would then be advised once again that the fault had
rectified itself by an alert being sent to the controlling device either
by wireless or Bluetooth communication. The controlling device
would either be a mobile telephone 120 and/or a laptop/pc/tablet/
iPad 122 as depicted in figure 25. A remote device (located locally
or in remote location) could also be advised of the fault rectification
(or other notifications/parameters) by the wireless router 121. The
router 121 could be connected either to a local area network (LAN)
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
32
or to the Internet on a wide area network (WAN) to notify remotely
located devices and operators as detailed above.
Figure 16 is the rear view of High-Visibility garment depicted in
figure 15. The arms have reflective tape sewn on in positions 87,
86, 81 and 80. The vertical body stripes 83 and 84 match the front
vertical stripes. Horizontal reflective stripes 88 and 90 match the
front horizontal reflective stripes. The back of the garment has
Primary and Secondary heated channels, 94 and 95 respectively.
The autonomous heated interlining functions in an identical
manner to the embodiment within a plain garment 30 as described
in detail previously. This High-Visibility garment embodiment also
has the embedded inductive charging coils in the same location as
garment 30 previously described in detail. The charging method
for this High-Visibility garment is identical in manner to the
previously described garment 30. The garment is suspended on
the charging hanger containing the embedded inductive charging
coils and the embedded Prismatic Lithium power cells (or
alternative cells as detailed above) are automatically charged as
described before for garment 30. The charging circuitry for this
particular embodiment operates in the same manner as the
previous alternative embodiments detailed above.
Figure 17 is a long fitting representation of the garment in figure
15. The garment conforms to ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 1, 2 or
3 subject to the number and area of reflective stripes applied. This
particular embodiment is around 12 inches (30.5cm approx.)
longer in fitting length than the standard or regular length garment
depicted in figure 15. This long style High-Visibility garment can
be fitted with the autonomous heated interlining 4. The general
operation of this longer length garment is identical to the previous
embodiment of garment 30 and the regular length High-Visibility
garment in figure 15. The charging procedure is also identical to
the previous embodiments already discussed in detail.
Figure 18 is simply an alternative embodiment of the High-Visibility
garment with a reduced amount of reflective tape on the arms and
body. The functioning of the autonomous heated interlining 4
within this garment is identical to previous embodiments previously
discussed in detail. The charging method is also identical to
previous embodiments.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
33
Figure 19 is yet a further alternative embodiment of a High-
Visibility garment with reflective stripes on the arms only. The
functioning of the autonomous heated interlining 4 within this
garment is identical to previous embodiments previously discussed
in detail. The charging method is also identical to previous
embodiments.
Figure 20 is a simple graphical representation of some alternative
embodiments of the embedded autonomous heated interlining 4.
Four alternative types of garment embodiments are shown. A
High-Visibility Garment 60 is shown with a number of reflective
stripes necessary to meet ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 3
specifications. Garment 64 is an alternative embodiment; depicted
is a unisex bomber style casual jacket with storm cuffs and a zip
front. The next alternative embodiment is a ladies ski jacket 66
with fleece lining. The final embodiment depicted is a male dinner
suit jacket 65 with silk facing and fancy lining. All of the four
embodiments shown are fitted with the same embedded
autonomous heated interlining 4 as represented in the centre of
the figure. Although the garment embodiments have varied
considerably from a High-Visibility ANSI/ISEA 107-2010 Class 3
working jacket 60 to an evening wear male dinner jacket 65, they
all have the same embedded autonomous heated interlining
incorporated within them. The garments all function in an identical
manner with reference to the autonomous heated interlining. The
four embodiments shown in figure 20 are simply a minor
representation of the possible embodiments; the autonomous
heated interlining 4 can be incorporated into virtually any
structured lined garment as desired. The infinite flexibility of its
central design implementation allows for almost limitless
possibilities with regards its embodiments into structured lined
garments. The embodiments represented so far have been based
on adult sized garments; once again the design flexibility will allow
for easy embodiment into children's sized garments of a structured
lined nature as the adults. The choice of Prismatic Lithium Ion
cells for children's garments would be based on smaller capacity
cells with a lower power capacity. Alternatively, cylindrical cells
151 could be used in place of Prismatic Pouch Cells as depicted in
figure 30. The heat output (wattage) would also be reduced for
children's garments on a proportional basis relative to the heated
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
34
surface area. The Microcontroller and associated components
would not differ for a child's garment other than the
aforementioned Prismatic Lithium Ion cells. The magnetic inductive
charging circuitry would be the same except for a reduction in the
diameter of the planar inductive coils embedded within the
autonomous interlining 4; due to the smaller size and surface area
of the complete interlining structure for a child's size garment
embodiment.
Figure 21 as previously discussed details the system and method
by which the Regional Primary and Secondary Heating Channels
are driven. The embodiment depicted has three regions, each one
having two digital temperature sensors monitoring the specific
regions temperature. The digital temperature sensors 3,13 ¨ 5,12
and 8,9 feed the information into the embedded Microcontroller.
The Microcontroller uses this information along with the settings of
the wearer / operator and other sensory data to output PWM
(Pulse Width Modulation) signals to the regional inputs of the
EMBEDDED MOSFET HEATING CIRCUIT CONTROLLER
(EMHCC). The output of the EMHCC is on an individual regional
basis and drives the Primary and Secondary Heating Channels of
the specific individual region of the autonomous heated interlining.
The Microcontroller monitors closely the temperature consistency
within each specific region and if necessary alters the individual
PWM output of either the Primary or Secondary (or both) heating
channels in order to balance the heat distribution in the particular
region and across all the regions if the control settings match this
requirement. The system also monitors a region for a specific
failure of the Primary or Secondary circuit and accordingly adjusts
the remaining functioning heating circuit in an attempt to maintain
the previously set heating output (wattage). The Microcontroller
also calculates and adjusts the PWM signals of the various
individual regions so as to balance the temperature throughout the
regions and thus the garment subject to the settings of the wearer /
operator. Figure 22 clearly shows that throughout a temperature
rise from approximately 22.3 degrees C to 32.3 degrees C over a
time period of some seven-hundred seconds (eleven minutes forty-
seconds) the Microcontroller an associated components managed
to maintain a balanced temperature throughout all the regions (A,
B and C) of a garment to within 0.3 degrees C. The Redundancy
monitoring and control system previously described is also of
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
fundamental importance; the Microcontroller is constantly
monitoring all the regional heating channels for total failure or
lesser anomalies. The Microcontroller immediately attempts to
adjust PWM heating channel control signals to correct the situation
and reports any problems to the wearer / operator as previously
described.
Figure 22 is an actual graph from data generated (output) from an
autonomous heated interlining 4 fitted to a High-Visibility garment
as depicted in figure 15. The graph shows temperature accurately
measured with "K"-type thermocouples implanted into the three
regions "A", "B" and "C" during a timed tested that lasted for
approximately 700 seconds (11 minutes 40 seconds). The garment
output for the duration of the test was set at 50% power setting
(50% duty-cycle on and 50% duty-cycle off), being approximately
in the region of forty-eight (48) watts. The graph shows the
temperature rise from approximately 22.3 degrees Celsius to
approximately 32.3 degrees Celsius during the full run-time of the
test. The three graph traces shown, clearly indicate that the three
regions remained within approximately + or - 0.3 degrees Celsius
of each other at all times during the duration of the test. The
excellent temperature consistency is due to the digital monitoring
and control of each of the Primary and Secondary heating
channels in the regions by the embedded Microcontroller, its
associated control circuitry and digital temperature sensors.
Figure 23 shows the Microcontroller's PWM outputs heating control
signals for Region C and the associated outputs produced. The
Microcontroller is receiving inputs from the two regional
temperature sensors of region C, 8 and 9. The Microcontroller is
using this information and control information from the wearer /
operator received by WiFi or Bluetooth to drive the Primary and
Secondary Heating Channels of region C with a 50% PWM signal
on both the Primary and Secondary Heating Channels. The 50%
PWM signals would generate an output of approximately 25 Watts
in region C. The next figure 24, demonstrates a failure occurring in
the Primary Heating Channel of region C and the effect of this if
the wearer / operator doesn't alter the settings.
Figure 24 demonstrates the scenario of the Primary Heating
Channel in region C developing a fault that completely prohibits it
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
36
from functioning. The Microcontroller senses the complete failure
of the Primary Heating Channel C by sensing no current draw on
that particular heating region's channel ("C" ¨ Primary). The
current draw of all heating channels are monitored on a regular
basis with the use of a "Hall" sensor as previously detailed. The
failure of a heating circuit and the corresponding reduction in
current draw is notified to the Microcontroller by making an
"Interrupt" call; this call is then used to alter the PWM control
signals as follows. The PWM signal of heating channel "C"-
Primary is automatically set to 0% duty-cycle, effectively turning
the "C"-Primary channel off and isolating it. The Microcontroller
then calculates that it must alter the output of the Secondary
Heating Channel in region C to 100% duty-cycle to produce an
almost identical output, to that that was previously being generated
(approximately 25 watts) prior to the failure of the "C"- Primary
Channel. The Microcontroller continues to monitor the Primary
Channel (and also Secondary Channel), should the Microcontroller
detect that the "C" - Primary Channel works again then it will
accordingly re-adjust the PWM outputs of the Primary and
Secondary back to 50% PWM on each channel to deliver the same
output as originally set. The Microcontroller periodically, once
every 5 seconds, checks failed channels by switching the failed
channel on at 100% duty-cycle for a short period (1 second) and
monitoring the current draw with the "Hall" sensor to see if the
channel has re-instated itself. The Microcontroller apportions
around twenty percent (20%) of its total processing time to
monitoring for errors and taking the necessary course of action to
attempt to rectify them if possible and notify the wearer / operator.
Figure 25 is a graphical representation of the bidirectional
communication that can take place between a mobile telephone
120, wireless router 121, computer 122 and a garment 63 with the
autonomous heated interlining 4 embedded within it. The
autonomous heated interlining can communicate in a bidirectional
manner with the controlling device, mobile telephone 120 wireless
router 121 and laptop 122 or similar WiFI / Bluetooth enabled
device such as a pc/tablet/iPad . The embedded Microcontroller
within the autonomous heated interlining 4 has its own WiFI /
Bluetooth module incorporated to allow it to communicate in a
bidirectional manner with the device being used to control the
garment (with autonomous heated interlining embedded within it).
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
37
The bi-directional manner of communication allows the
Microcontroller to report any statistical data or faults to the operator
or wearer of the garment. The garment can transmit information
such as battery level, heat levels in the different regions, ambient
heat level and any faults should they occur. The autonomous
heated interlining (garment) can warn the operator / wearer if the
embedded power cells are going to require an imminent charge
and the current charge levels of the Prismatic Lithium power cells
(or alternative chemistry and cell type 151 as detailed previously).
The operator / wearer can alter heat levels for all regions or
individual regions as required. An operator with a single laptop or
computer with WiFi or Bluetooth could monitor and control a
large number of garments (autonomous heated interlinings) with
ease. A number of garments could also be controlled and
monitored from a tablet device (Android or other operating
system), or lOS based device such as an IPad . Monitoring and
control of a large number of autonomous heated interlinings could
occur in a medical environment simultaneously and seamlessly by
one operator. Each and every autonomous heated interlining
would have its own unique identification code as well as its own
unique "MAC" address for the WiFi / Bluetooth connection. The
unqiue "MAC" address could be linked in the software to a
wearer's (patients) name for ease of control and monitoring.
Figure 26 is the components system chart. The chart details the
main embedded electrical components and the communication
channels between the components. The system chart depicts six
key components that exist within the autonomous heated
interlining 4. The central component is the embedded
Microcontroller that incorporates wireless and Bluetooth modules
along with memory (RAM / ROM) and interfaces. The
Microcontroller communicates with a number of other components,
as its function is primarily the central control component. The
system chart also depicts the embedded Prismatic Lithium Ion
cells (or similar chemistry and/or embedded cylindrical cells 151)
and the embedded inductive charging coils and associated
circuitry to charge the cells. This includes a LTC4052 Linear
Technology Lithium Ion Battery Charger Chip in msop package
or similar and a full-wave bridge rectifier. Embedded temperature
sensors within each region communicate directly with the
Microcontroller via a "1-wire" interface (or alternative interface) on
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
38
a regular interval. Further sensors to measure and communicate
ambient temperature may also be present in some of the
embodiments. The Microcontroller drives via PWM (Pulse Width
Modulation) on separate digital pins the embedded MOSFETs.
The MOSFETs Gates are directly driven with the PWM digital
signal from the embedded Microcontroller. The MOSFETs drive
the Primary and Secondary heating channels in each of the
regions as directed by the Microcontroller. The embodiment
shown depicts three regions with each having a Primary and
Secondary channel within each of the said regions. Alternative
embodiments with larger or smaller number of regions and
channels may exist and each of the channels would be driven as
before by MOSFETs linked to a PWM enabled output from an
embedded Microcontroller. The embedded Microcontroller
communicates via wireless or Bluetooth protocol with the operator
and/or wearer using a mobile telephone 120, Iaptop/pc/tablet/iPad
122 or wireless router 121 as depicted in figure 25. The operator
may be in a remote location to the wearer as the wireless router
121 can be connected to a local area network or Internet (LAN or
WAN respectively). All the devices can communicate in a
bidirectional manner with the embedded Microcontroller either via
wireless or Bluetooth protocol. The autonomous heated
interlining 4, can report a variety of information back to the wearer /
operator such as fault detection and rectification. Regional
temperature (of the garment) and ambient temperature along with
the status of the charge level of the embedded Prismatic Lithium
Ion cells (or similar chemistry and/or embedded cylindrical cells
151) can also be communicated back to the wearer / operator.
Heat level settings can be set either individually by region or set as
a whole for the garment. The wearer / operator either uses a
dedicated interface via a web browser or a specifically written
"App" (Application) for the Android / Apple lOS to control and
monitor the garment fitted with the autonomous heated interlining
4.
Figure 27 shows the Discharge Curve of the Prismatic Lithium Ion
Power Cell at 0 degrees C. The graph demonstrates the extremely
flat discharge characteristics of the Lithium Ion Cell being used in
this particular embodiment. The benefit of the flat nature of this
curve is that the autonomous heated interlining is able to maintain
a constant heating output for longer without intervention from the
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
39
Microcontroller having to alter the PWM signals to adjust for a
reduction in heating output as the driving voltage decreases over
time. The extremely flat nature of the discharge curve for this type
of battery chemistry means that higher output heating levels
(wattage) can be maintained for longer periods of time. The curve
also remains flat at lower temperatures, which is an obvious
benefit for a garment being worn in cold environments. The
embedded nature of the cell as shown in figure 2, along with the
cell being heated by the Primary and Secondary heating channels
in the area along with the with the heat reflective cotton lining 14 of
the pouch ensures maximum heating output (wattage) and the
flattest discharge curve possible. These factors ensure the
maximum heat output (wattage) and running time possible from
embedded cells in all conditions, including severe climatic
conditions below zero degrees centigrade.
Figure 28 shows an alternative type of cell chemistry, which is
often used, in basic heated garments. The sheer discharge curve
of this cell chemistry, along with its poor low temperature
performance gives rise to a quick and steady drop in heat output of
the garment over a shorter total running time. The cells are often
located in a pocket in the outer garment, which is not heated, and
thus the cold environment further reduces output voltage and
capacity of the cells, thus drastically reducing heating output
(wattage) and running time. This cell chemistry is popular because
of its wide availability and reasonable cost, but it offers
considerably reduced performance and longevity over other types
of available chemistry some of which have been detailed above.
Figure 29 simply shows the graphical representation of a Prismatic
Lithium Pouch Cell 140. The Anode and Cathode connectors can
be seen 141 and 142 respectively. This Prismatic cell is embedded
within the autonomous heated interlining as depicted in figure 2.
The cell is embedded within a sealed pouch 2, which is lined with a
heat reflective cotton lining 14 to ensure the maximum heat output
from the Primary and Secondary heating channels is reflected
back into the cell to aid the cells output in cold environments. The
cell is embedded and sealed in a pouch so that wearer / operator
never has to manipulate or service the cell throughout its
considerable service lifetime.
CA 02797436 2014-06-09
Figure 30 shows an alternative possible embodiment for
embedding cylindrical cells within the autonomous heated
interlining. The cell case 145 with sealed top 147 produced from
ABS material. A number of cylindrical cells would be connected in
parallel and would fit into case 145 in the top opening 146. A
detailed description of this alternative battery casing and type has
been given above in detail. This method of cell implementation has
a number of benefits as it offers a good degree of flexibility in the
possible type, nature and size of cells that can be incorporated.
