Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Seed dressing for controlling phytopathogenic fungi
The present invention relates to the use of Fluopyram for seed treatment, for
corresponding fungicides
and insecticides seed dressings comprising Fluopyram, to a process for
controlling phytopathogenic
fungi by treating the seed with Fluopyram, and also to seed which has been
treated with Fluopyram.
Fluopyram is defined to be the compound of the formula (I)
CF3.--CI
0 CF3
I
III
H (I)
as well as the N-oxides of the compound thereof
Fluopyram is a broad spectrum fungicide with penetrant and translaminar
properties for foliar, drip,
drench and seed treatment applications on a wide range of different crops
against many economically
important plant diseases. It is very effective in preventative applications
against powdery mildew
species, grey mould and white mould species. It has an efficacy against many
other plant diseases.
Fluopyram has shown activity in spore germination, germ tube elongation and
mycelium growth tests.
At the biochemical level, fluopyram inhibits mitochondrial respiration by
blocking the electron transport
in the respiratory chain of Succinate Dehydrogenase (complex II - SDH
inhibitor).
Fluopyram and its manufacturing process starting from known and commercially
available compounds
is described in EP-A- 1 389 614 and WO 2004/016088.
The use of these compounds for treating seed for protection against attack by
seed- borne
phytopathogenic fungi has hitherto not been disclosed. In particular, the use
of these compounds as seed
dressing for protection against attack by Pyrenophora species is new.
It has now been found that Fluopyram is highly suitable for treating
(dressing) seed against attack by
phytopathogenic fungi.
Surprisingly, by using Fluopyram according to the invention as seed dressing,
some phytopathogenic
fungi can be controlled considerably more effectively than by spray treatment
in the case of foliar
application.
The active compounds according to the invention have very good fungicidal
properties and, in seed
treatment, are particularly suitable for controlling phytopathogenic fungi,
such as Ascomycetes and
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Deuteromycetes. In seed treatment, the active compounds according to the
invention are particularly
suitable for controlling seed borne Pyrenophora species.
Some pathogens causing fungal diseases which come under the generic names
listed above may be
mentioned by way of example, but not by way of limitation:
Seed-borne Pyrenophora species, such as, for example, P. avenae, P. graminea,
P. teres, P.
semen iperda, P. tritici-repentis
The fact that the active compounds which can be used are well tolerated by
plants at the concentrations
required for controlling plant diseases permits a treatment of the seed.
Accordingly, the active
compounds according to the invention can be used as seed dressings.
A large part of the damage to crop plants which is caused by phytopathogenic
fungi occurs as early as
when the seed is attacked during storage and after the seed is introduced into
the soil, during and
immediately after germination of the plants. This phase is particularly
critical since the roots and shoots
of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and even minor damage can lead
to the death of the whole
plant. Protecting the seed and the germinating plant by the use of suitable
compositions is therefore of
particularly great interest.
The control of phytopathogenic fungi which damage plants post-emergence is
carried out primarily by
treating the soil and the above-ground parts of plants with crop protection
agents. Owing to the concerns
regarding a possible impact of crop protection agents on the environment and
the health of man and
animals, there are efforts to reduce the amount of active compounds applied.
The control of phytopathogenic fungi by treating the seeds of plants has been
known for a long time and
is subject-matter of continuous improvements. However, the treatment of seed
frequently entails a series
of problems which cannot always be solved in a satisfactory manner. Thus, it
is desirable to develop
methods for protecting the seed and the germinating plant which dispense with
the additional application
of crop protection agents after sowing or after the emergence of the plants or
where additional
applications are at least reduced. It is furthermore desirable to optimize the
amount of active compound
employed in such a way as to provide maximum protection for the seed and the
germinating plant from
attack by phytopathogenic fungi, but without damaging the plant itself by the
active compound
employed. In particular, methods for the treatment of seed should also take
into consideration the
intrinsic fungicidal properties of transgenic plants in order to achieve
optimum protection of the seed
and the germinating plant with a minimum of crop protection agents being
employed.
The present invention therefore in particular also relates to a method for the
protection of seed and
germinating plants from attack by phytopathogenic fungi, by treating the seed
with a composition
according to the invention.
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The invention likewise relates to the use of the compositions according to the
invention for the treatment
of seed for protecting the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic
fungi.
Furthermore, the invention relates to seed which has been treated with a
composition according to the
invention so as to afford protection from phytopathogenic fungi.
One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic
properties of the
compositions according to the invention mean that treatment of the seed with
these compositions not
only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting seedlings after
germination, from phytopathogenic
fungi. In this manner, the immediate protection of the crop at the time of
sowing or shortly thereafter can
be dispensed with.
Furthermore, it must be considered as advantageous that the mixtures according
to the invention can also
be employed in particular in transgenic seed.
The compositions according to the invention are suitable for protecting seed
of any plant variety which
is employed in agriculture, in the greenhouse, in forests or in horticulture.
In particular, this takes the
form of seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, millet and oats), maize,
cotton, soya beans, rice,
potatoes, sunflowers, beans, coffee, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder
beet), peanuts, vegetables
(such as tomatoes, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), lawns and ornamental
plants. The treatment of seed
of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye and oats) is of particular importance.
In the context of the present invention, the composition according to the
invention is applied to the seed
either alone or in mixtures with other compounds (fungicides and/or
insecticides and/or biological
control agents) in a suitable formulation. The composition according to the
invention applied to the seed
may contain further components as fertilisers, growth promoters and/or inert
carriers in a suitable
formulation Preferably, the seed is treated in a state which is stable enough
to avoid damage during
treatment. In general, the seed may be treated at any point in time between
harvest and sowing. The seed
usually used has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells,
stalks, coats, hairs or the
flesh of the fruits. Thus, for example, it is possible to use seed which has
been harvested, cleaned and
dried to a moisture content of below 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also
possible to use seed which,
after drying, has, for example, been treated with water and then dried again.
The following fungicides can be used in combination with the compound
according to formula (I)
fluopyram:
(1) Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis, for example (1.1) aldimorph
(1704-28-5), (1.2) azaconazole
(60207-31-0), (1.3) bitertanol (55179-31-2), (1.4) bromuconazole (116255-48-
2), (1.5) cyproconazole
(113096-99-4), (1.6) diclobutrazole (75736-33-3), (1.7) difenoconazole (119446-
68-3), (1.8)
diniconazole (83657-24-3), (1.9) diniconazole-M (83657-18-5), (1.10) dodemorph
(1593-77-7), (1.11)
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dodemorph acetate (31717-87-0), (1.12) epoxiconazole (106325-08-0), (1.13)
etaconazole (60207-93-4),
(1.14) fenarimol (60168-88-9), (1.15) fenbuconazole (114369-43-6), (1.16)
fenhexamid (126833-17-8),
(1.17) fenpropidin (67306-00-7), (1.18) fenpropimorph (67306-03-0), (1.19)
fluquinconazole (136426-
54-5), (1.20) flurprimidol (56425-91-3), (1.21) flusilazole (85509-19-9),
(1.22) flutriafol (76674-21-0),
(1.23) furconazole (112839-33-5), (1.24) furconazole-cis (112839-32-4), (1.25)
hexaconazole (79983-
71-4), (1.26) imazalil (60534-80-7), (1.27) imazalil sulfate (58594-72-2),
(1.28) imibenconazole (86598-
92-7), (1.29) ipconazole (125225-28-7), (1.30) metconazole (125116-23-6),
(1.31) myclobutanil (88671-
89-0), (1.32) naftifine (65472-88-0), (1.33) nuarimol (63284-71-9), (1.34)
oxpoconazole (174212-12-5),
(1.35) paclobutrazol (76738-62-0), (1.36) pefurazoate (101903-30-4), (1.37)
penconazole (66246-88-6),
(1.38) piperalin (3478-94-2), (1.39) prochloraz (67747-09-5), (1.40)
propiconazole (60207-90-1), (1.41)
prothioconazole (178928-70-6), (1.42) pyributicarb (88678-67-5), (1.43)
pyrifenox (88283-41-4), (1.44)
quinconazole (103970-75-8), (1.45) simeconazole (149508-90-7), (1.46)
spiroxamine (118134-30-8),
(1.47) tebuconazole (107534-96-3), (1.48) terbinafine (91161-71-6), (1.49)
tetraconazole (112281-77-3),
(1.50) triadimefon (43121-43-3), (1.51) triadimenol (89482-17-7), (1.52)
tridemorph (81412-43-3),
(1.53) triflumizole (68694-11-1), (1.54) triforine (26644-46-2), (1.55)
triticonazole (131983-72-7),
(1.56) uniconazole (83657-22-1), (1.57) uniconazole-p (83657-17-4), (1.58)
viniconazole (77174-66-4),
(1.59) voriconazole (137234-62-9), (1 .60) 1-(4-chloropheny1)-2-(1H-1,2,4-
triazol-1 -yl)cyc loheptanol
(129586-32-9), (1.61) methyl 1-(2,2-dimethy1-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-l-y1)-1H-
imidazole-5-carboxylate
(110323-95-0), (1 . 62 ) N'- {5-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-4- [3 -
(trimethylsilyl)prop oxy]phenyl} -N-ethyl-
N-methylimidofor mamide, (1.6 3) N-ethyl-N-methyl-N'- {2-methy1-5-
(trifluoromethyl)-443-
(trimethylsily1)pr op o xy ] pheny 1 } imi do form ami de and (1.6 4) 041-(4-
methoxyphenoxy)-3,3-
dimethylbutan-2-yl] 1H-imidazole-1-carbothioate (111226-71-2).
(2) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II, for example (2.1)
bixafen (581809-46-3), (2.2)
boscalid (188425-85-6), (2.3) carboxin (5234-68-4), (2.4) diflumetorim (130339-
07-0), (2.5) fenfuram
(24691-80-3), (2.7) flutolanil (66332-96-5), (2.8) fluxapyroxad (907204-31-3),
(2.9) furametpyr
(123572-88-3), (2.10) furmecyclox (60568-05-0), (2.11) isopyrazam (mixture of
syn-epimeric racemate
1RS,4SR,9RS and anti-epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR) (881685-58-1), (2.12)
isopyrazam (anti-
epimeric racemate 1RS,4SR,9SR), (2.13) isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer
1R,4S,9S), (2.14)
isopyrazam (anti-epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9R), (2.15) isopyrazam (syn
epimeric racemate
1RS,4SR,9RS), (2.16) isopyrazam (syn-epimeric enantiomer 1R,4S,9R), (2.17)
isopyrazam (syn-
epimeric enantiomer 1S,4R,9S), (2.18) mepronil (55814-41-0), (2.19)
oxycarboxin (5259-88-1), (2.20)
penflufen (494793-67-8), (2.21) penthiopyrad (183675-82-3), (2.22) sedaxane
(874967-67-6), (2.23)
thi fluz amid e ( 1 3 0 0 0 0-40-7),
(2.24) 1-methyl-N42-(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)pheny1]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
(2.25) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N- [241,1,2,2-
tetrafluoroethoxy)pheny1]-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (2.26) 3-(difluoromethyl)-
N-[4-fluoro-2-
(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropoxy)pheny1]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-c arb ox am i d
e , ( 2 . 2 7 ) N-[1-(2,4-
dichloropheny1)-1-methoxyprop an-2-yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-methy1-1H-
pyrazole-4-carb oxamide
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(1092400-95-7) (WO 2008148570), (2.28) 5,8-difluoro-N-[2-(2-fluoro-4-{[4-
(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-
2-yl] oxy}phenyl)ethyl]quinazolin-4-amine (1210070-84-0)
(W02010025451), (2.29) N- [9-
(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -3 -
(difluoromethyl)-1-methy1-1H-
pyrazole-4-carb oxamide, (2.30)
N- [(1 S,4R)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-
methanonaphthalen-5-yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-methy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-carb
oxamide and (2.31) N-
[(1R,4 S)-9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaphthalen-5-yl]
-3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-
methy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-carb oxamide,
N- [9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-methanonaph-
thalen-5-yl] -3 -(difluoromethyl)-1 -methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carb oxamide.
(3) inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III, for example (3.1)
ametoctradin (865318-97-4),
(3.2) amisulbrom (348635-87-0), (3.3) azoxystrobin (131860-33-8), (3.4)
cyazofamid (120116-88-3),
(3.5) coumethoxystrobin (850881-30-0), (3.6) coumoxystrobin (850881-70-8),
(3.7) dimoxystrobin
(141600-52-4), (3.8) enestroburin (238410-11-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.9)
famoxadone (131807-57-3)
(WO 2004/058723), (3.10) fenamidone (161326-34-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.11)
fenoxystrobin
(918162-02-4), (3.12) fluoxastrobin (361377-29-9) (WO 2 0 04/058723), (3.13)
kresoxim-methyl
(143390-89-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.14) metominostrobin (133408-50-1) (WO
2004/058723), (3.15)
orysastrobin (189892-69-1) (WO 2004/058723), (3.16) picoxystrobin (117428-22-
5) (WO
2004/058723), (3.17) pyraclostrobin (175013-18-0) (WO 2004/058723), (3.18)
pyrametostrobin
(915410-70-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.19) pyraoxystrobin (862588-11-2) (WO
2004/058723), (3.20)
pyribencarb (799247-52-2) (WO 2004/058723), (3.21) triclopyricarb (902760-40-
1), (3.22)
trifloxystrobin (141517-21-7) (WO 2004/058723), (3.23) (2E)-2-(2- { [6-(3-
chloro-2-methylphenoxy)-5-
fluoropyrimidin-4-yl]oxy}pheny1)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methylethanamide (WO
2004/058723), (3.24)
(2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-(2- { [( { (1E)-1- [3 -
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethylidene} amino)oxy]-
methyl}phenyl)ethanamide (WO 2004/058723), (3.25) (2E)-2-(methoxyimino)-N-
methyl-2- {2-[(E)-({1-
[3 -(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] ethoxy } imino)methyl] phenyl } ethanamide
(158169-73-4), (3.26) (2E)-2- {2-
[( { [(1E)-1 -(3- { [(E)-1- fluoro-2-phenylethenyl] oxy } phenyl) ethylidene]
amino} oxy)methyl]phenyl} -2-
(methoxyimino)-N-m e thyle than ami d e (3 26 89 6-28-0),
(3.27) (2E)-2- {2-[( {[(2E,3E)-4-(2,6-
dichlorophenyl)but-3-en-2-ylidene]amino}oxy)methyl]pheny1}-2-(methoxyimino)-N-
methyl-
eth an amid e, (3 . 2 8) 2-chloro-N-(1,1,3-trimethy1-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-4-
yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide
(119899-14-8), (3.29)
5-methoxy-2-methyl-4-(2- { [( { (1E)-1- [3 -(trifluoromethyl)-
3 0 phenyl] ethylidene} amino) oxy] methyl} phenyl)-2,4- dihydro-3H-1,2,4-
triazol-3 -one, (3.30) methyl (2E)-
2- {2- [( {cyclopropyl[(4-methoxyphenyl)imino]methyl} sulfanyl)methyl]phenyl} -
3 -methoxyprop-2-
eno ate (1 4 9 6 0 1-03-6), (3.31)
N-(3-ethy1-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl)-3-(formylamino)-2-
hydroxybenzamide (226551-21-9), (3.32) 2- {2-[(2,5-
dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl} -2-methoxy-N-
methylacetamide (173662-97-0) and (3.33) (2R)-2- {2-[(2,5-
dimethylphenoxy)methyl]phenyl} -2-
methoxy-N-methylacetamide (394657-24-0).
(4) Inhibitors of the mitosis and cell division, for example (4.1) benomyl
(17804-35-2), (4.2)
carbendazim (10605-21-7), (4.3) chlorfenazole (3574-96-7), (4.4) diethofencarb
(87130-20-9), (4.5)
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ethaboxam (162650-77-3), (4.6) fluopicolide (239110-15-7), (4.7) fuberidazole
(3878-19-1), (4.8)
pencycuron (66063-05-6), (4.9) thiabendazole (148-79-8), (4.10) thiophanate-
methyl (23564-05-8),
(4.11) thiophanate (23564-06-9), (4.12) zoxamide (156052-68-5), (4.13) 5-
chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-
1-y1)-6-(2,4,6-trifluoropheny1)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (214706-53-3)
and (4.14) 3-chloro-5-(6-
chloropyridin-3-y1)-6-methy1-4-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridazine (1002756-87-
7).
(5) Compounds capable to have a multisite action, like for example (5.1)
bordeaux mixture (8011-63-0),
(5.2) captafol (2425-06-1), (5.3) captan (133-06-2) (WO 02/12172), (5.4)
chlorothalonil (1897-45-6),
(5.5) copper hydroxide (20427-59-2), (5.6) copper naphthenate (1338-02-9),
(5.7) copper oxide (1317-
39-1), (5.8) copper oxychloride (1332-40-7), (5.9) copper(2+) sulfate (7758-98-
7), (5.10) dichlofluanid
(1085-98-9), (5.11) dithianon (3347-22-6), (5.12) dodine (2439-10-3), (5.13)
dodine free base, (5.14)
ferbam (14484-64-1), (5.15) fluorofolpet (719-96-0), (5.16) folpet (133-07-3),
(5.17) guazatine (108173-
90-6), (5.18) guazatine acetate, (5.19) iminoctadine (13516-27-3), (5.20)
iminoctadine alb esilate
(169202-06-6), (5.21) iminoctadine triacetate (57520-17-9), (5.22) mancopper
(53988-93-5), (5.23)
mancozeb (8018-01-7), (5.24) maneb (12427-38-2), (5.25) metiram (9006-42-2),
(5.26) metiram zinc
(9006-42-2), (5.27) oxine-copper (10380-28-6), (5.28) propamidine (104-32-5),
(5.29) propineb (12071-
83-9), (5.30) sulphur and sulphur preparations including calcium polysulphide
(7704-34-9), (5.31)
thiram (137-26-8), (5.32) tolylfluanid (731-27-1), (5.33) zineb (12122-67-7)
and (5.34) ziram (137-30-
4).
(6) Compounds capable to induce a host defence, for example (6.1) acibenzolar-
S-methyl (135158-54-
2), (6.2) isotianil (224049-04-1), (6.3) probenazole (27605-76-1) and (6.4)
tiadinil (223580-51-6).
(7) Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis, for example
(7.1) andoprim (23951-85-1),
(7.2) blasticidin-S (2079-00-7), (7.3) cyprodinil (121552-61-2), (7.4)
kasugamycin (6980-18-3), (7.5)
kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (19408-46-9), (7.6) mepanipyrim (110235-47-
7), (7.7) pyrimethanil
(53112-28-0) and (7.8) 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethy1-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-
1-y1)quinoline (861647-
32-7) (W02005070917).
(8) Inhibitors of the ATP production, for example (8.1) fentin acetate (900-95-
8), (8.2) fentin chloride
(639-58-7), (8.3) fentin hydroxide (76-87-9) and (8.4) silthiofam (175217-20-
6).
(9) Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis, for example (9.1) benthiavalicarb
(177406-68-7), (9.2)
dimethomorph (110488-70-5), (9.3) flumorph (211867-47-9), (9.4) iprovalicarb
(140923-17-7), (9.5)
mandipropamid (374726-62-2), (9.6) polyoxins (11113-80-7), (9.7) polyoxorim
(22976-86-9), (9.8)
validamycin A (37248-47-8) and (9.9) valifenalate (283159-94-4; 283159-90-0).
(10) Inhibitors of the lipid and membrane synthesis, for example (10.1)
biphenyl (92-52-4), (10.2)
chloroneb (2675-77-6), (10.3) dicloran (99-30-9), (10.4) edifenphos (17109-49-
8), (10.5) etridiazole
(2593-15-9), (10.6) iodocarb (55406-53-6), (10.7) iprobenfos (26087-47-8),
(10.8) isoprothiolane
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(50512-35-1), (10.9) propamocarb (25606-41-1), (10.10) propamocarb
hydrochloride (25606-41-1),
(10.11) prothiocarb (19622-08-3), (10.12) pyrazophos (13457-18-6), (10.13)
quintozene (82-68-8),
(10.14) tecnazene (117-18-0) and (10.15) tolclofos-methyl (57018-04-9).
(11) Inhibitors of the melanine biosynthesis, for example (11.1) carpropamid
(104030-54-8), (11.2)
diclocymet (139920-32-4), (11.3) fenoxanil (115852-48-7), (11.4) phthalide
(27355-22-2), (11.5)
pyroquilon (57369-32-1), (11.6) tricyclazole (41814-78-2) and (11.7) 2,2,2-
trifluoroethyl {3-methy1-1-
[(4-methylbenzoyl)amino]butan-2-yl}carbamate (851524-22-6) (W02005042474).
(12) Inhibitors of the nucleic acid synthesis, for example (12.1) benalaxyl
(71626-11-4), (12.2)
benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl) (98243-83-5), (12.3) bupirimate (41483-43-6), (12.4)
clozylacon (67932-85-8),
(12.5) dimethirimol (5221-53-4), (12.6) ethirimol (23947-60-6), (12.7)
furalaxyl (57646-30-7), (12.8)
hymexazol (10004-44-1), (12.9) metalaxyl (57837-19-1), (12.10) metalaxyl-M
(mefenoxam) (70630-17-
0), (12.11) ofurace (58810-48-3), (12.12) oxadixyl (77732-09-3) and (12.13)
oxolinic acid (14698-29-4).
(13) Inhibitors of the signal transduction, for example (13.1) chlozolinate
(84332-86-5), (13.2)
fenpiclonil (74738-17-3), (13.3) fludioxonil (131341-86-1), (13.4) iprodione
(36734-19-7), (13.5)
procymidone (32809-16-8), (13.6) quinoxyfen (124495-18-7) and (13.7)
vinclozolin (50471-44-8).
(14) Compounds capable to act as an uncoupler, for example (14.1) binapacryl
(485-31-4), (14.2)
dinocap (131-72-6), (14.3) ferimzone (89269-64-7), (14.4) fluazinam (79622-59-
6) and (14.5)
meptyldinocap (131-72-6).
(15) Further compounds, for example (15.1) benthiazole (21564-17-0), (15.2)
bethoxazin (163269-30-
5), (15.3) capsimycin (70694-08-5), (15.4) carvone (99-49-0), (15.5)
chinomethionat (2439-01-2), (15.6)
pyriofenone (chlazafenone) (688046-61-9), (15.7) cufraneb (11096-18-7), (15.8)
cyflufenamid (180409-
60-3), (15.9) cymoxanil (57966-95-7), (15.10) cyprosulfamide (221667-31-8),
(15.11) dazomet (533-74-
4), (15.12) debacarb (62732-91-6), (15.13) dichlorophen (97-23-4), (15.14)
diclomezine (62865-36-5),
(15.15) difenzoquat (4 9 8 6 6-87-7), (15.16) difenzoquat methylsulphate
(43222-48-6), (15.17)
diphenylamine (122-39-4), (15.18) ecomate, (15.19) fenpyrazamine (473798-59-
3), (15.20) flumetover
(154025-04-4), (15.21) fluoroimide (41205-21-4), (15.22) flusulfamide (106917-
52-6), (15.23) flutianil
(304900-25-2), (15.24) fosetyl-aluminium (39148-24-8), (15.25) fosetyl-
calcium, (15.26) fosetyl-
sodium (39148-16-8), (15.27) hexachlorobenzene (118-74-1), (15.28) irumamycin
(81604-73-1), (15.29)
methasulfocarb (66952-49-6), (15.30) methyl isothiocyanate (556-61-6), (15.31)
metrafenone (220899-
03-6), (15.32) mildiomycin (67527-71-3), (15.33) natamycin (7681-93-8),
(15.34) nickel
dimethyldithiocarbamate (15521-65-0), (15.35) nitrothal-isopropyl (10552-74-
6), (15.36) octhilinone
(26530-20-1), (15.37) oxamocarb (9 1 72 4 2-12-7), (15.38) oxyfenthiin (34407-
87-9), (15.39)
pentachlorophenol and salts (87-86-5), (15.40) phenothrin, (15.41) phosphorous
acid and its salts
(13598-36-2), (15.42) propamocarb-fosetylate, (15.43) propanosine-sodium
(88498-02-6), (15.44)
proquinazid (189278-12-4), (15.45) pyrimorph (868390-90-3), (15.45e) (2E)-3-(4-
tert-butylpheny1)-3-
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(2-chloropyridin-4-y1)-1 -(morpho lin-4-yl)prop-2- en-1- one (1231776-28-5),
(15.45z) (2Z)-3 -(4-tert-
butylpheny1)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-y1)-1-(morpho lin-4-yl)prop-2- en-1- one
(1231776-29-6), (15.46)
pyrrolnitrine (1018-71-9) (EP-A 1 559 320), (15.47) tebufloquin (376645-78-2),
(15.48) tecloftalam
(76280-91-6), (15.49) tolnifanide (304911-98-6), (15.50) triazoxide (72459-58-
6), (15.51) trichlamide
(70193-21-4), (15.52) zarilamid
(84527-51-5), (15.53) (3 S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzy1-34( {3-
[(isobutyryloxy)methoxy] -4-methoxypyridin-2-y1} carb onyl)amino] -6-methy1-
4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-
yl 2-methylpropanoate (517875-34-2) (W02003035617), (15.54) 1-(4- {4-[(5R)-5-
(2,6-difluoropheny1)-
4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-y1]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}piperidin-1-y1)-2-[5-methy1-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-
pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone (1003319-79-6)
(WO 2 0 0 8 0 1 3 6 2 2 ) , ( 1 5 . 5 5 ) 1-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-
difluoropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-y1} pip eridin-l-
y1)-2- [5-methy1-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone (1003319-80-9) (WO 2008013622),
(15.56) 1-(4- {445-
(2,6-difluoropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-y1} piperidin-
l-y1)-2- [5-methy1-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] ethanone (1003318-67-9) (WO 2 0 0 8 0 1 3 6
2 2 ), ( 1 5 .5 7) 1-(4-
methoxyphenoxy)-3,3 -dimethylbutan-2-y1 1H-imidazo le-1 -carb oxylate (111227-
17-9), (15.58) 2,3,5,6-
tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (13108-52-6), (15.59) 2,3-
dibuty1-6-chlorothieno [2,3-
d]pyrimidin-4(3H)- one (221451-58-7), (15.60) 2,6-dimethy1-1H,5H- [1,4]
dithiino [2,3-c:5,6-c'] dipyrrole-
1,3,5,7(2H,6H)-t etrone, (1 5.6 1) 2-[5-methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-
1 -y1]-1-(4- {4- [(5R)-5 -
pheny1-4,5-dihydro-1,2- oxazol-3 -yl] -1,3 -thiazol-2-y1} p ip eridin-l-y1)
ethanone (1003316-53-7) ( W 0
2008013622), (15.62) 2- [5-methy1-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] -1-(4-
{4-[(5S)-5-phenyl-4,5-
dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-yl] -1,3-thiazol-2-y1} pip eridin- 1 -yl)ethanone
(1003316-54-8) (WO 2008013622),
(1 5.63) 2- [5-methy1-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl] -1- {4- [4-(5 -
pheny1-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-
y1)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]pip eridin-1 -yl } ethanone (1003316-51-5) (WO
2008013622), (15.64) 2-butoxy-6-
iodo-3-propy1-4H-chromen-4-o n e, ( 1 5 . 65 ) 2-chloro-5-[2-chloro-1-(2,6-
difluoro-4-methoxypheny1)-4-
methy1-1H-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine, (15.66) 2-phenylphenol and salts (90-43-7),
(15.67) 3-(4,4,5-
trifluoro-3,3-dimethy1-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-y1)quinoline (861647-85-0)
(W02005070917), (15.68)
3,4,5-trichloropyridine-2,6-dicarbonitrile (17824-85-0), (15.69) 3- [5-(4-
chloropheny1)-2,3-dimethy1-1,2-
oxazolidin-3-y l]pyridine, (1 5.7 0) 3-chloro-5-(4-chloropheny1)-4-(2,6-
difluoropheny1)-6-
methylpyridazine, (15.71) 4-(4-chloropheny1)-5-(2,6-difluoropheny1)-3,6-
dimethylpyridazine, (15.72) 5-
amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol, (15.73)
5-chloro-N'-phenyl-N'-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)thiophene-2-
3 0 sulfonohydrazide (134-31-6), (15.74) 5-fluoro-2- [(4-fluorob enzyl)
oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine (1174376-11-
4) (W02009094442), (15.75) 5-fluoro-2-[(4-methylbenzyl)oxy]pyrimidin-4-amine
(1174376-25-0)
(W02009094442), (15.76) 5-methyl-6-octyl[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-
amine, (15.77) ethyl (2Z)-
3-amino-2-cyano-3-phenylprop-2-e no ate, (1 5.7 8) N '-(4- {[3-(4-
chlorobenzy1)-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-
yl]oxy} -2,5-dimethylpheny1)-N-ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide,
(15.79) N-(4-chlorob enzy1)-3- [3-
methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl]propanamide, (15.80) N- [(4-
chlorophenyl)(cyano)methyl] -3- [3-
methoxy-4-(prop-2-yn-l-y loxy )p heny 1 ] pr op an ami d e , (1 5 . 8 1) N-[(5-
bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-
yl)methy1]-2,4-dichloropyridine-3-carboxamide, (15.82) N- [1-(5-bromo-3-
chloropyridin-2-yl)ethyl] -2,4-
dichloropyridine-3-carb oxamide, (15.83)
N-[1-(5-bromo-3-chloropyridin-2-yl)ethy1]-2-fluoro-4-
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iodopyridine-3-carboxamide, (15.84) N- { (E)- [(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6-
(difluoromethoxy)-2,3-
difluorophenyl]methy1}-2-phenylacetamide (221201-92-9), (15.85)
N- {(Z)-
[(cyclopropylmethoxy)imino] [6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,3 -difluorophenyl] methyl }
-2-phenylacetamide
(221201-92-9), (15.86) N'- {4- [(3-tert-buty1-4-cyano-1,2-thiazol-5-yl)oxy]-2-
chloro-5-methylphenyl} -N-
ethyl-N-methylimidoformamide, (15.87) N-methy1-2-(1- { [5-methy1-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-
yl]acetyl} pip eridin-4-y1)-N-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-y1)-1,3 -thiazo
le-4-c arb ox am i de ( 922514-
49-6) (WO
2007014290), (15.88) N-methy1-2-(1- { [5-methy1-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-
pyrazol-1-
yl]acetyl} pip eridin-4-y1)-N- [(1R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-l-yl] -1,3 -
thiazo le-4-carb oxamide
(922514-07-6) (WO 2007014290), (15.89) N-methy1-2-(1- { [5-methy1-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-
1-yl] acetyl} pip eridin-4-y1)-N- [(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl] -
1,3 -thiazo le-4-carb oxamide
(922514-48-5) (WO 20070 14290), (15.90) pentyl { 64( {[(1-methy1-1H-tetrazol-5-
yl)(phenyl)methylidene] amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-y1} carbamate, (15.91)
phenazine-l-carboxylic
acid, (15.92) quinolin-8-ol (134-31-6), (15.93) quinolin-8-ol sulfate (2:1)
(134-31-6) and (15.94) tert-
butyl {6- [( { [(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5 -y1)(phenyl)methylene] amino}
oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-y1} carbamate.
(16) Further compounds, for example
(16.1) 1-methy1-3 -(trifluoromethyl)-N- [2'-
(trifluoromethyl)bipheny1-2-y1]-1H-pyrazole-4-c arb ox am i de , (1 6 .2 ) N-
(4'-chlorobipheny1-2-y1)-3-
(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.3) N-(2',4'-
dichlorobipheny1-2-y1)-3-
(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
(16.4) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N- [4'-
(trifluoromethyl)bipheny1-2-yl] -1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, (16.5) N-(2',5'-
difluorobipheny1-2-y1)-1-
methyl-3 -(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carb oxamide, (16.6) 3 -
(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N- [4'-
(prop-1-yn-1-y1)biphenyl-2-yl] -1H-pyrazo le-4-c arb ox ami de (known from WO
2004/058723), (16.7) 5-
fluoro-1,3 - dimethyl-N- [4'-(prop -1-yn-l-yl)biphenyl-2-yl] -1H-pyrazo le-4-c
arb ox amid e (known from
W 0 2004 /0 5 8 7 2 3 ) , (1 6. 8) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(prop-1-yn-1-y1)biphenyl-2-
yl]pyridine-3-carboxamide
(known from WO 2004/058723), (16.9) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N- [4'43,3 -
dimethylbut-l-yn-l-y1)biphenyl-
2-y1]-1-methy1-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.10)
N-[4'-(3,3-
dimethylbut-1-yn-1-y1)biphenyl-2-yl] -5-fluoro-1,3 - dimethy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-c
arb oxamide (known from
WO 2004/058723), (16.11) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N-(4'- ethynylbipheny1-2-y1)-1-
methy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-
carb oxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.12) N-(4'-ethynylbipheny1-2-y1)-
5-fluoro-1,3-
dimethy1-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.13) 2-
chloro-N-(4'-
ethynylbipheny1-2-yl)pyridine-3-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723),
(16.14) 2-chloro-N-[4'-
(3,3 -dimethylbut-1-yn-1-y1)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3 -c arb oxamide (known
from WO 2004/058723),
(16 . 15) 4-(difluoromethyl)-2-methyl-N- [4'-(trifluoromethyl)bipheny1-2-y1]-
1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide
(known from WO 2004/058723), (16.16) 5-fluoro-N- [4'-(3 -hydroxy-3 -methylbut-
l-yn-1 -yl)bipheny1-2-
y1]-1,3-dimethy1-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723),
(16.17) 2-chloro-N-[4'-
(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-y1)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-c arb o x amide
(known fr om WO
2004/058723), (16 .18) 3 -(difluoromethyl)-N- [4'-(3 -methoxy-3 -methylbut-l-
yn-l-y1)biphenyl-2-yl] -1-
methy1-1H-pyrazole-4-c arb o x ami de (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.19) 5-
fluoro-N-[4'-(3-
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methoxy-3 -methylbut-1 -yn-1 -yl)b ipheny1-2-yl] -1,3 - dimethy1-1H-pyrazole-4-
c arb ox ami de (known from
WO 2004/058723), (16.20) 2-chloro-N-[4'-(3-methoxy-3-methylbut-1-yn-1-
y1)biphenyl-2-yl]pyridine-3-
carboxamide (known from WO 2004/058723), (16.21) (5-bromo-2-methoxy-4-
methylpyridin-3-
yl)(2,3,4-trimethoxy-6-methylphenyl)methanone (known from EP-A 1 559 320),
(16.22) N-[2-(4- {[3-(4-
chlorophenyl)prop-2-yn-l-yl] oxy} -3 -methoxyphenyl)ethyl] -N2-
(methylsulfonyl)valinamide (220706-
93-4), (16.23) 4-oxo-4-[(2-phenylethyl)amino]butanoic acid and (16.24) but-3-
yn-l-y1 {6-[( {[(Z)-(1-
methy1-1H-tetrazol-5 -y1)(phenyl)methylene] amino} oxy)methyl]pyridin-2-y1}
carbamate.
All named mixing partners of the classes (1) to (16) can, if their functional
groups enable this, optionally
form salts with suitable bases or acids.
In a preferred embodiment, the fungicides to be used in combination with the
compound according to
formula (I) fluopyram are selected from the following list:
Az oxys tr obin, Boscalid, Pe nflufen (N- [2- (1,3 -dimethylbutyl)phenyl] -5-
fluoro-1,3-dimethy1-1H-
pyrazole-4-carboxamide), Carbendazim, Carboxin, Fenamidone, Fludioxonil,
Fluopicolide, Fluxapyrad,
Fluoxastrobin, Fluquinconazole, Flutriafol, Ipconazole, Iprodione, Isopyrazam,
Isotianil, Mefenoxam,
Metalaxyl, Pencycuron, Penthiopyrad, Prochloraz, Prothioconazo le,
Pyraclostrobin, Pyrimethanil,
Sedaxane, Silthiopham, Tebuconazole, Thiram, Tolylfluanid, Triadimenol,
Triazoxide, Trifloxystrobin,
Triflumuron, Triticonazole, N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-
methanonaphthalen-5-y1]-
3 -(difluoromethyl)-1-methy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-c arb ox amide , 3 -D
ifluoromethyl-l-methy1-1H-pyrazo le-4-
carboxylic acid [2-(2,4-dichloropheny1)-2-methoxy-l-methyl-ethyl]-amide.
In a preferred embodiment, the fungicides to be used in combination with the
compound according to
formula (I) fluopyram are selected from the following list:
Azoxystrobin, Boscalid, Penflufen (N42-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)pheny1]-5-fluoro-1,3-
dimethy1-1H-
pyrazole-4-carboxamide), Carbendazim, Fludioxonil, Fluopicolide, Fluxapyrad,
Fluoxastrobin,
Fluquinconazole, Ipconazole, Isopyrazam, Isotianil, Metalaxyl, Pencycuron,
Penthiopyrad, Prochloraz,
Prothioconazole, Pyraclostrobin, Pyrimethanil, Sedaxane, Tebuconazole,
Triadimenol, Trifloxystrobin,
Triticonazole, N-[9-(dichloromethylene)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-
methanonaphthalen-5-y1]-3-
(difluoromethyl)-1-methy1-1H-pyrazole-4-c arb ox amid e, 3-Difluoromethyl- 1 -
methy1-1H-pyrazole-4-
carboxylic acid [2-(2,4-dichloropheny1)-2-methoxy-l-methyl-ethyl]-amide.
The following insecticides can be used in combination with the compound
according to formula (I)
fluopyram:
The active ingredients specified herein by their "common name" are known and
described, for example,
in the Pesticide Manual ("The Pesticide Manual", 14th Ed., British Crop
Protection Council 2006) or
can be searched in the internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
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(1) Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors, for example
carbamates, e.g. Alanycarb (II-1-1), Aldicarb (II-1-2), Bendiocarb (II-1-3),
Benfuracarb (II-1-4),
Butocarboxim (II-1-5), Butoxycarboxim (II-1-6), Carbaryl (II-1-7), Carbofuran
(II-1-8), Carbosulfan (II-
1-9), Ethiofencarb (II-1-10), Fenobucarb (11-1-1 1), Formetanate (II-1-12),
Furathiocarb (II-1-13),
Isoprocarb (II-1-14), Methiocarb (II-1-15), Methomyl (II-1-16), Metolcarb (II-
1-17), Oxamyl (11-1-1 8),
Pirimicarb (II-1-19), Propoxur (II-1-20), Thiodicarb (II-1-21), Thiofanox (II-
1-22), Triazamate (II-1-23),
Trimethacarb (II-1-24), XMC (II-1-25), and Xylylcarb (II-1-26); or
organophosphates, e.g. Acephate (11-1-27), Azamethiphos (11-1-28), Azinphos-
ethyl (11-1-29),
Azinphos-methyl (II- 1 -30), Cadusafos (II- 1 -3 1), Chlorethoxyfos (II- 1 -
32), Chlorfenvinphos (II- 1 -33),
Chlormephos (11-1-34), Chlorpyrifos (11-1-35), Chlorpyrifos-methyl (11-1-36),
Coumaphos (11-1-37),
Cyanophos (11-1-38), Demeton-S-methyl (11-1-39), Diazinon (II-1-40),
Dichlorvos/DDVP (II-1-41),
Dicrotophos (II-1-42), Dimethoate (II-1-43), Dimethylvinphos (II-1-44),
Disulfoton (II-1-45), EPN (II-
1-46), Ethion (11-1-47), Ethoprophos (11-1-48), Famphur (11-1-49), Fenamiphos
(II-1-50), Fenitrothion
(II-1-5 1), Fenthion (11-1-52), Fosthiazate (11-1-53), Heptenophos (11-1-54),
Imicyafos (11-1-55),
Isofenphos (II-1-56), Isopropyl 0-(methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate (11-
1-57), Isoxathion (11-1-
5 8), Malathion (11-1-59), Mec arb am (II-1-60), Methamidophos (11-1-6 1),
Methidathion (11-1-62),
Mevinphos (11-1-63), Monocrotophos (11-1-64), Naled (11-1-65), Omethoate (11-1-
66), Oxydemeton-
methyl (11-1-67), Parathion (11-1-68), Parathion-methyl (11-1-69), Phenthoate
(II-1-70), Phorate (11-1-
7 1), Phosalone (11-1-72), Phosmet (11-1-73), Phosphamidon (11-1-74), Phoxim
(11-1-75), Pirimiphos-
methyl (11-1-76), Profenofos (11-1-77), Propetamphos (11-1-78), Prothiofos (11-
1-79), Pyraclofos (II-1-
80), Pyridaphenthion (II-1-8 1), Quinalphos (11-1-82), Sulfotep (11-1-83),
Tebupirimfos (11-1-84),
Temephos (II-1-85), Terbufos (II-1-86), Tetrachlorvinphos (II-1-87), Thiometon
(II-1-88), Triazophos
(II-1-89), Triclorfon (II-1-90), and Vamidothion (II-1-91).
(2) GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists, for example
cyclodiene organochlorines, e.g. Chlordane (II-2-1) and Endosulfan (11-2-2);
or
phenylpyrazoles (fiproles), e.g. Ethiprole (11-2-3) and Fipronil (11-2-4).
(3) Sodium channel modulators / voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for
example
pyrethroids, e.g. Acrinathrin (II-3-1), Allethrin (II-3-2), d-cis-trans
Allethrin (II-3-3), d-trans Allethrin
(11-3-4), Bifenthrin (II-3-5), Bioallethrin (11-3-6), Bioallethrin S-
cyclopentenyl isomer (11-3-7),
Bioresmethrin (11-3-8), Cycloprothrin (11-3-9), Cyfluthrin (II-3-10), beta-
Cyfluthrin (11-3-1 1),
Cyhalothrin (II-3-12), lambda-Cyhalothrin (II-3-13), gamma-Cyhalothrin (11-3-
14), Cypermethrin (II-3-
1 5), alpha-Cypermethrin (11-3-16), beta-Cypermethrin (11-3-17), theta-
Cypermethrin (11-3-18), zeta-
Cypermethrin (11-3-1 9), Cyphenothrin [(1R)-trans isomers] (11-3-20),
Deltamethrin (II-3-21),
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Empenthrin [(EZ)-(1R) isomers) (11-3-22), Esfenvalerate (11-3-23), Etofenprox
(11-3-24), Fenpropathrin
(11-3-25), Fenvalerate (11-3-26), Flucythrinate (11-3-27), Flumethrin (11-3-
28), tau-Fluvalinate (11-3-29),
Halfenprox (11-3-30), Imiprothrin (11-3-31), Kadethrin (11-3-32), Permethrin
(11-3-33), Phenothrin [(1R)-
trans isomer) (11-3-34), Prallethrin (11-3-35), Pyrethrine (pyrethrum) (11-3-
36), Resmethrin (11-3-37),
Silafluofen (11-3-38), Tefluthrin (11-3-39), Tetramethrin (II-3-40),
Tetramethrin [(1R) isomers)] (11-3-
4 1), Tralomethrin (11-3-42), and Transfluthrin (11-3-43); or
DDT (11-3-44); or Methoxychlor (11-3-45).
(4) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists, for example
neonicotinoids, e.g. Acetamiprid (II-4-1), Clothianidin (11-4-2), Dinotefuran
(11-4-3), Imidacloprid (II-4-
4), Nitenpyram (11-4-5), Thiacloprid (11-4-6), and Thiamethoxam (11-4-7); or
Nicotine (11-4-8).
(5) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) allosteric activators, for
example
spinosyns, e.g. Spinetoram (II-5-1) and Spinosad (11-5-2).
(6) Chloride channel activators, for example
avermectins/milbemycins, e.g. Abamectin (11-6-1), Emamectin benzoate (11-6-2),
Lepimectin (11-6-3),
and Milbemectin (11-6-4).
(7) Juvenile hormone mimics, for example
juvenile hormon analogues, e.g. Hydroprene (II-7-1), Kinoprene (11-7-2), and
Methoprene (11-7-3); or
Fenoxycarb (11-7-4); or Pyriproxyfen (11-7-5).
(8) Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example
alkyl halides, e.g. Methyl bromide (II-8-1) and other alkyl halides; or
Chloropicrin (11-8-2); or Sulfuryl fluoride (11-8-3); or Borax (11-8-4); or
Tartar emetic (11-8-5).
(9) Selective homopteran feeding blockers, e.g. Pymetrozine (II-9-1); or
Flonicamid (11-9-2).
(10) Mite growth inhibitors, e.g. Clofentezine (II-10-1), Hexythiazox (II-10-
2), and Diflovidazin (11-1 0-
3); or
Etoxazo le (II- 1 0-4).
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(11) Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, e.g. Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies israelensis
(II-11-1), Bacillus sphaericus (II-11-2), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
aizawai (II-11-3), Bacillus
thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (II-11-4), Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies
tenebrionis (II-11-5), and
BT crop proteins: CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb,
Cry34/35Abl (II-11-
6).
(12) Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase, for example Diafenthiuron (II-
12-1); or
organotin miticides, e.g. Azocyclotin (11-12-2), Cyhexatin (11-12-3), and
Fenbutatin oxide (11-12-4); or
Propargite (II-12-5); or Tetradifon (II-12-6).
(13) Uncouplers of oxidative phoshorylation via disruption of the proton
gradient, for example
Chlorfenapyr (II-13-1), DNOC (II-13-2), and Sulfluramid (II-13-3).
(14) Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, for example
Bensultap (II-14-1),
Cartap hydrochloride (II-14-2), Thiocyclam (II-14-3), and Thiosultap-sodium
(II-14-4).
(15) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0, for example Bistrifluron (II-
15-1), Chlorfluazuron (II-15-
2), Diflubenzuron (11-15-3), Flucycloxuron (11-15-4), Flufenoxuron (11-15-5),
Hexaflumuron (11-15-6),
Lufenuron (11-15-7), Novaluron (11-15-8), Noviflumuron (11-15-9),
Teflubenzuron (II-15-10), and
Triflumuron (II-15-11).
(16) Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1, for example Buprofezin (II-16-
1).
(17) Moulting disruptors, for example Cyromazine (II-17-1).
(18) Ecdysone receptor agonists, for example Chromafenozide (II-18-1),
Halofenozide (11-18-2),
Methoxyfenozide (II-18-3), and Tebufenozide (II-18-4).
(19) Octopamine receptor agonists, for example Amitraz (II-19-1).
(20) Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example
Hydramethylnon (II-20-1); or
Acequinocyl (11-20-2); or Fluacrypyrim (11-20-3).
(21) Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example
METI acaricides, e.g. Fenazaquin (11-21-1), Fenpyroximate (11-21-2),
Pyrimidifen (11-21-3), Pyridaben
(11-21-4), Tebufenpyrad (11-21-5), and Tolfenpyrad (11-21-6); or
Rotenone (Derris) (11-21-7).
(22) Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, e.g. Indoxacarb (11-22-1); or
Metaflumizone (11-22-2).
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(23) Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, for example
tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives, e.g. Spirodiclofen (11-23-1),
Spiromesifen (11-23-2), and
Spirotetramat (11-23-3).
(24) Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example
phosphines, e.g. Aluminium phosphide (II-24-1), Calcium phosphide (11-24-2),
Phosphine (11-24-3), and
Zinc phosphide (11-24-4); or
Cyanide (11-24-5).
(25) Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors, for example
Cyenopyrafen (II-25-1).
(28) Ryanodine receptor modulators, for example
diamides, e.g. Chlorantraniliprole (11-28-1) and Flubendiamide (11-28-2).
Further active ingredients with unknown or uncertain mode of action, for
example Amidoflumet (11-29-
1), Azadirachtin (11-29-2), Benclothiaz (11-29-3), Benzoximate (11-29-4),
Bifenazate (11-29-5),
Bromopropylate (11-29-6), Chinomethionat (11-29-7), Cryolite (11-29-8),
Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) (II-
29-9), Cyflumetofen (11-29-10), Dicofol (11-29-11), Diflovidazin (11-29-12),
Fluensulfone (11-29-13),
Flufenerim (11-29-14), Flufiprole (11-29-15), Fluopyram (11-29-16), Fufenozide
(11-29-17), Imidaclothiz
(11-29-18), Iprodione (11-29-19), Meperfluthrin (11-29-20), Pyridalyl (11-29-
21), Pyrifluquinazon (11-29-
22), Tetramethylfluthrin (11-29-23), and iodomethane (11-29-24); furthermore
products based on Bacillus
firmus (including but not limited to strain CNCM 1-1582, such as, for
example,VOTiVOTm, BioNem)
(11-29-25) or one of the following known active compounds: 3-bromo-N- {2-bromo-
4-chloro-6-[(1-
cyclopropylethyl)carb amoyl] phenyl } -1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)-1H-pyrazole-
5-carb oxamide (11-29-26)
(known from W02005/077934), 4- { [(6-bromopyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (2-fluoro
ethyl) amino } furan-2(5H)-
one (11-29-27) (known from W02007/115644),
4- {[(6-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl](2,2-
difluoroethyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (11-29-28) (known from W02007/115644), 4-
{[(2-chloro-1,3-
thiazol-5-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (11-29-29) (known
from W02007/115644),
4- {[(6-chlorpyridin-3-yl)methyl](2-fluoroethyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-o n e ( II-
29-3 0) (known from
W02007/115644), Flupyradifurone (11-29-31) (known from W02007/115644), 4-{[(6-
chlor-5-
fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl] (methyl)amino} furan-2(5H)- one (11-29-32) (known
from W02007/115643),
4- { [(5,6-dichloropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (2-fluoro ethyl) amino } furan-2(5H)-
o ne (II-29-33 ) (known from
W02007/115646), 4- { [(6-chloro-5-fluoropyridin-3-
yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino} furan-2 (5H)- one (II-
29-34) (known from W02007/115643), 4- { [(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]
(cyclopropyl)amino} furan-
2(5H)- one (11-29-35) (known from EP-A-0 539 588),
4- {[(6-chlorpyridin-3-
yl)methyl](methyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-one (11-29-36) (known from EP-A-0 539
588), {[1-(6-
chloropyridin-3-yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-k4-sulfanylidene} cyanamide
(11-29-3 7) (known fr o m
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W02007/149134) and its diastereomers {[(1R)-1-(6-chloropyridin-3-
yl)ethyl](methyl)oxido-k4-
sulfanylidene} cyanamide (A) (11-29-38), and { [(1 S)-1-(6-chloropyridin-3 -
yl) ethyl] (methyl) oxido-k4-
sulfanylidene}cyanamide (B) (11-29-39) (also known from W02007/149134) as well
as Sulfoxaflor (II-
29-40) (also known from W02007/149134) and its diastereomers [(R)-
methyl(oxido){(1R)-1-[6-
(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl] ethyl} 4.4 -sulfanylidene] cyanamide (Al)
(11-29-41), and [(S)-
methyl(oxido) { (1 S)-1 - [6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3 -yl] ethyl} -24-
sulfanylidene] cyanamide (A2) (11-29-
42), referred to as group of diastereomers A (known from W02010/074747,
W02010/074751), [(R)-
methyl(oxido) { (1 S)-1 - [6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl] ethyl} -24-
sulfanylidene] cyanamide (B1) (11-29-
43), and [(S)-methyl(oxido){(1R)-1-[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]ethyl} -24-
sulfanylidene]cyanamide
(B2) (11-29-44), referred to as group of diastereomers B (also known from
W02010/074747,
WO 2 0 1 0/0 7 4 7 5 1), and 1 1-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylpheny1)-12-hydroxy-1,4-
dioxa-9-
azadispiro [4.2.4.2] tetradec-11- en-10- one (11-29-45) (known from
W02006/089633), 3 -(4'-fluoro-2,4-
dimethylb ipheny1-3 -y1)-4-hydroxy-8- oxa-l-azaspiro [4. 5] dec-3 - en-2- one
(11-29-46) (known from
W02008/067911),
1- {2-fluoro-4-methyl-5- [(2,2,2-trifluorethyl)sulfinyl] phenyl } -3 -
(trifluoromethyl)-
1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-amine (11-29-47) (known from W02006/043635),
[(3S,4aR,12R,12aS,12bS)-3-
[(cyclopropylcarb onyl)oxy] -6,12- dihydroxy-4,12b- dimethyl-11- oxo-9-
(pyridin-3 -y1)-
1,3,4,4 a,5,6,6a,12,12 a,12b-decahydro-2H,11H-b enzo [f] pyrano [4,3 -b]
chromen-4-yl]methyl
cyclopropanecarboxylate (11-29-48) (known from W02008/066153), 2-cyano-3-
(difluoromethoxy)-N,N-
dimethylbenzenesulfonamide (11-29-49) (known from W02006/056433), 2-cyano-3-
(difluoromethoxy)-
N-methylbenzenesulfonamide (11-29-50) (known from W02006/100288), 2-cyano-3-
(difluoromethoxy)-
N- ethylb enzenesulfonamide (11-29-51) (known from W02005/035486), 4-
(difluoromethoxy)-N- ethyl-
N-methy1-1,2-benzothiazol-3-amine 1,1-dioxide (11-29-52) (known from
W02007/057407), N-[1-(2,3-
dimethylpheny1)-2-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-2-amine
(11-29-53) (known from
W 02 0 0 8 /1 04 5 03 ), { 1'- [(2E)-3 -(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2- en-l-y1]-5-
fluorosp iro [indole-3,4'-p ip eridin]-
1(2H)-y1}(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)methanone (11-29-54) (known from
W02003/106457), 3-(2,5-
dimethylpheny1)-4-hydroxy-8-methoxy-1,8-diazaspiro [4.5] dec-3 - en-2- one (II-
29-5 5 ) (known from
W02009/049851), 3 -(2,5-dimethylpheny1)-8-methoxy-2- ox o-1,8- diazaspiro
[4.5] dec-3 - en-4-y1 ethyl
carbonate (11-29-56) (known from W02009/049851), 4-(but-2-yn-1-yloxy)-6-(3 ,5-
dimethylpip eridin-1-
y1)-5-fluoropyrimi dine (11-29-57) (known from W02004/099160),
(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-
octafluoropentyl)(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)malononitrile (11-29-58) (known from
WO 20 05 /063 0 94 ) ,
(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl)(3,3,4,4,4-pentafluorobutyl)malononitrile
(11-29-59) (known from
W 0 2 0 0 5 / 0 6 3 0 9 4 ) , 842-(cyclopropylmethoxy)-4-
(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-346-
(trifluoromethyl)pyridazin-3 -yl] -3 -azabicyclo [3.2.1] octane (11-29-60)
(known from W02007/040280),
2- ethy1-7-methoxy-3 -methy1-6- [(2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-
benzodioxin-6-yl)oxy]quinolin-4-y1
methyl carbonate (11-29-61) (known from JP2008/110953), 2-ethy1-7-methoxy-3-
methy1-6-[(2,2,3,3-
tetrafluoro-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-y1)oxy]quinolin-4-y1 acetate ( II-29-
6 2) (known from
JP2008/110953), PF1364 (CAS-Reg.No. 1204776-60-2) (11-29-63) (known from
JP2010/018586), 5-[5-
(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-3-y1]-2-(1H-
1,2,4-triazol-1-
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yl)b enzonitrile (11-29-64) (known from
W02007/075459), 5- [5 -(2-chloropyridin-4-y1)-5 -
(trifluoromethyl)-4,5 -dihydro- 1 ,2- oxazol-3 -yl] -2-( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol-
1 -yl)benzonitrile (11-29-65) (known
from W02007/075459), 4-[5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4,5-dihydro-
1,2-oxazol-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N-{2-oxo-2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl}benzamide
(11-29-6 6) (known from
W02005/085216), 4- { [(6-chloropyridin-3 -yl)methyl](cyclopropyl)amino} -1,3 -
oxazol-2 (5 H)- one (11-29-
6 7 ) , 4- { [(6-chloropyridin-3 -yl)methyl] (2,2- difluoro ethyl)amino } -
1,3 -oxazol-2 (5H)- one (11-29-68), 4-
{[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl](ethyl)amino} -1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one (11-29-69),
4- {[(6-chloropyridin-3-
yl)methyl](methyl)amino}-1,3-oxazol-2(5H)-one (11-29-70) (all known from
W02010/005692), NNI-
071 1 (11-29-71) (known from
W02002/096882), 1-acetyl-N-[4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-
methoxypropan-2-y1)-3 -is obutylphenyl] -N-is obutyry1-3 ,5 -dimethyl- 1 H-
pyrazole-4-carb oxamide (11-29-
72) (known from W02002/096882), methyl 2424 {[3-bromo-1-(3-chloropyridin-2-y1)-
1H-pyrazol-5-
yl]carbonyl} amino)-5-chloro-3-methylbenzoy1]-2-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (11-
29-73) (known from
W02005/085216), methyl 2- [2-( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)- 1 H-
pyrazol-5 -yl] carb onyl } amino)-
5 -cyano-3 -methylbenzoyl] -2- ethylhydrazinecarb o xylate (11-29-74) (known
from W02005/085216),
methyl 2- [2-( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2 -y1)- 1 H-pyrazol-5 -yl]
carbonyl} amino)-5-cyano-3 -
methylbenzoy1]-2-methylhydrazinecarboxylate (11-29-75) (known from
W02005/085216), methyl 2-
[3 ,5 -dibromo-2 -( { [3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2 -y1)- 1 H-pyrazol-5 -
yl] carb onyl } amino)b enzoyl] - 1 ,2-
diethylhydrazinecarboxylate (11-29-76) (known from W02005/085216), methyl 2-
[3,5-dibromo-2-({[3-
bromo- 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)- 1 H-pyrazol-5 -yl] carbonyl } amino)b
enzoyl] -2- ethylhydrazinecarb oxylate
(11-29-77) (known from W02005/085216), (5RS,7RS;5RS,7SR)-1-(6-chloro-3-
pyridylmethyl)-
1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydro-7-methy1-8-nitro-5-propoxyimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine (11-29-
78) (known from
W02007/101369), 2- {6- [245 -fluoropyridin-3 -y1)-1,3 -thiazol-5-yl]pyridin-2-
y1} pyrimidine (11-29-79)
(known from W02010/006713 ), 2- {6- [2-(pyridin-3 -y1)-1,3 -thiazol-5-
yl]pyridin-2-y1} pyrimidine (11-29-
8 0) (known from W020 1 0/0 06 7 1 3), 1-(3-chloropyridin-2-y1)-N-[4-cyano-2-
methy1-6-
(methylcarb amoyl)phenyl] -3- { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-tetrazol- 1 -yl]
methyl } -1 H-pyrazo le-5 -
carb oxamide (11-29-81) (known from W02010/069502), 1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)-
N- [4-cyano-2-methy1-
6-(methylcarbamoyl)pheny1]-3-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methy1}-1H-
pyrazole-5-
carboxamide (11-29-82) (known from W0201 0/069502), N-[2-(tert-butylcarbamoy1)-
4-cyano-6-
methylphenyl] -1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)-3 - { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)- 1 H-
tetrazol- 1 -yl] methyl } -1 H-pyrazo le-
5-carboxamide (11-29-83) (known from W02010/069502), N-[2-(tert-
butylcarbamoy1)-4-cyano-6-
methylphenyl] -1 -(3 -chloropyridin-2-y1)-3 - { [5 -(trifluoromethyl)-2H-
tetrazol-2-yl]methyl } -1 H-pyrazo le-
5-carboxamide (11-29-84) (known from W02010/069502), (1E)-N-[(6-chloropyridin-
3-yl)methy1] -N'-
cyano-N-(2,2-difluoroethyl)ethanimidamide (11-29-85) (known from
W02008/009360), N-[2-(5-amino-
1 ,3 ,4-thiadiazol-2-y1)-4-chloro-6-methylphenyl] -3 -bromo- 1 -(3 -
chloropyridin-2-y1)- 1 H-pyrazo le-5 -
carboxamide (11-29-86) (known from CN1 02057925), and methyl 243,5-dibromo-2-
({[3-bromo-1-(3-
chloropyridin-2-y1)- 1 H-pyrazol-5-yl] carbonyl } amino)b enzoyl] -2- ethyl- 1
-methylhydrazinecarboxylate
(11-29-87) (known from W02011/049233).
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In a preferred embodiment, the insecticide is selected from the group:
Clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid,
methiocarb, thiodicarb, beta-
cyfluthrin, cyfluthrin, deltamethrin, tefluthrin, indoxacarb, spinosad,
spinetoram, fipronil, ethiprole,
emamectin-benzoate, avermectin, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat,
flubendiamide, (R),(S)-3-
chloro-N1- {2-methyl-4- [1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1 -(trifluoromethyl) ethyl]
phenyl} -N2- (1-methy1-2 -
methylsulphonylethyl)phthalamide, chlorantraniliprole (Rynaxypyr), or
Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr),
sulfoxaflor, Bacillus firmus strain CNCM I-1582.
In another preferred embodiment, the insecticides is selected from the group:
4- {[(6-brompyrid-3-
yl)methyl] (2-fluorethyl) amino } furan-2(5H)- o n (known from WO
2007/115644), 4- { [(6-fluorpyrid-3 -
4- { [(6-chlor-5-fluorpyrid-3-yl)methyl] (cyclopropyl)amino } furan-2(5H)- on
(known from WO
2007/115643), 4- { [(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl] (cyclopropyl)amino } furan-
2(5H)- on (known from EP-A-
0 539 58 8), 4- {[(6-chlorpyrid-3-yl)methyl](methyl)amino} furan-2(5H)-on
(known from EP-A-
0 539 588).
Entomopathogenic nematode, Inoculants and Botanicals, can be used in
combination with the
compound according to formula (I) Fluopyram:
Examples of such bacteria to be used or employed according to the invention
are:
(1.1) Agrobacterium radiobacter, (1.2) Bacillus acidocaldarius, (1.3) Bacillus
acidoterrestris, (1.4)
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lentimorbus, (1.31) Bacillus lentus, (1.32) Bacillus licheniformis, (1.33)
Bacillus maroccanus, (1.34)
Bacillus megaterium (products known as BioArc), (1.35) Bacillus metiens,
(1.36) Bacillus mycoides
isolate J, (1.37) Bacillus natto, (1.38) Bacillus nematocida, (1.39) Bacillus
nigrificans, (1.40) Bacillus
nigrum, (1.41) Bacillus pantothenticus, (1.42) Bacillus popillae (products
known as Cronox), (1.43)
Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus, (1.44) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain
GB34 (products known as
Yield Shield ,) and strain QST2808 (products known as Sonata QST 2808 ),
(1.45) Bacillus siamensis,
(1.46) Bacillus smithii, (1.47) Bacillus sphaericus (products known as
VectoLexe), (1.48) Bacillus
subtilis, in particular strain GB03 (products known as Kodiak ) and strain QST
713 (products known as
Serenade QST 713 ), or B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24
(products known as Taegre),
(1.49) Bacillus thuringiensis, in particular B. thuringiensis var. israelensis
(products known as
VectoBac ) or B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain ABTS-1857 (products known
as XenTari ), or B.
thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain HD-1 (products known as Dipel ES) or B.
thuringiensis subsp.
tenebrionis strain NB 176 (products known as Novodor FC), or B. th. var.
aegyptii (products known as
Agerin) , or B. th. var. colmeri (products known as TianBaoBTc) , or B. th.
var. darmstadiensis
(products known as Baciturin, Kolepterin) , or B. th. var. dendrolimus
(products known as
Dendrobacillin) , or B. th. var. galleriae ((products known as Enterobactin) ,
or B. th. var. japonensis
(products known as Buihunter) , or B.th. subsp. Morrisoni, or B. th. var. san
diego, or B. th. subsp.
thuringiensis strain MPPL002, or B. th. var. thuringiensis (products known as
Bikol) , or B. th. var 7216
(products known as Amactic, Pethian) , or B. th. var T36 (products known as
Cahat), (1.50) Bacillus
uniflagellatus, (1.51) Bradyrhizobium japonicum (Symbiont?, products known as
SoySelect), (1.52)
Brevibacillus brevis (formerly Bacillus brevis), in particular strains SS86-3,
SS86-4, SS86-5, 2904,
(1.53) Brevibacillus laterosporus (formerly Bacillus laterosporus), in
particular strains 64, 1111, 1645,
1647, (1.54) Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T
(products known as Gandevo),
(1.55) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209 (products known as
BioBoose), (1.56)
Lactobacillus acidophilus (products known as Fruitsan), (1.57) Lysobacter
antibioticus, in particular
strain 13-1 (cf. Biological Control 2008, 45, 288-296), (1.58) Lysobacter
enzymogenes, in particular
strain C3 (cf. J Nematol. 2006 June; 38(2): 233-239), (1.59) Paenibacillus
alvei, in particular strains
III3DT-1A, 1112E, 46C3, 2771 (Bacillus genetic stock center, Nov 2001), (1.60)
Paenibacillus
polymyxa, (1.61) Paenibacillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae), (1.62)
Pantoea agglomerans,
(1.63) Pasteuria penetrans (formerly Bacillus penetrans), products known as
Pasteuria wettable powder,
(1.64) Pasteuria usgae (products known as EconemTm), (1.65) Pectobacterium
carotovorum (formerly
Erwinia carotovora) products known as BioKeeper, (1.66) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(products known
as Guiticid), (1.67) Pseudomonas aureofaciens (products known as Agate-25K),
(1.68) Pseudomonas
cepacia (formerly known as Burkholderia cepacia), in particular strains M54 or
J82, (1.69)
Pseudomonas chlororaphis, in particular strain MA 342 (products known as
Cedomon), (1.70)
Pseudomonas fluorescens (products known as Sudozone), (1.71) Pseudomonas
proradix (products
known as Proradie), (1.72) Pseudomonas putida (products known as Nematsid,
(1.73) Pseudomonas
resinovorans (products known as Solanacure), (1.74) Pseudomonas syringae
(products known as
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Biosave), (1.75) Serratia entomophila (products known as invade), (1.76)
Serratia marcescens, in
particularstrain SRM (MTCC8708) or strain R35, (1.77) Streptomyces candidus
(products known as
BioAidTm), (1.78) Streptomyces colombiensis (products known as Mycoside),
(1.79) Streptomyces
galbus, in particular strain K61 (products known as Mycostop , cf. Crop
Protection 2006, 25, 468-475)
or strain QST 6047, (1.80) Streptomyces goshikiensis (products known as
Safegro), (1.81) Streptomyces
griseoviridis (products known as Mycostop , cf. Microbial db of Canada),
(1.82) Streptomyces
lavendulae (products known as Phytolavin-300, (1.83) Streptomyces lydicus, in
particular strain
WYCD108 (products known as ActinovateSP) or strain WYEC108 (products known as
Actino-iron),
(1.84) Streptomyces prasinus (cf. "Prasinons A and B: potent insecticides from
Streptomyces prasinus"
Applied microbiology 1973 Nov), (1.85) Streptomyces rimosus (products known as
Rhitovit), (1.86)
Streptomyces saraceticus (products known as Clanda), (1.87) Streptomyces
venezuelae, (1.88)
Xanthomonas campestris (herbicidal activity), (1 . 8 9 ) Xenorhabdus
luminescens, ( 1 . 9 0 ) and
Xenorhabdus nematophila.
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "fungi" or
"yeasts" are:
(2.1) Ampelomyces quisqualis, in particular strain AQ 10 (product known as AQ
10 ), (2.2)
Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940 or
blastospores of strain DSM
14941 or mixtures thereof (product known as Blossom Protect ), (2.3)
Aschersonia aleyrodes, (2.4)
Aspergillus flavus, in particular strain NRRL 21882 (products known as Afla-
Guard ), (2.5)
Arthrobotiys superba (Corda 1839), (2.6) Beauveria bassiana, in particular
strain ATCC 74040
(products known as Naturalis ) and strain GHA (products known as Mycotrol,
BotaniGard), (2.7)
Beauveria brongniartii (products known as Beaupro), (2.8) Candida oleophila,
in particular strain 0
(products known as Nexy , Aspire), (2.9) Chaetomium cupreum (products known
as Ketocin), (2.10)
Cladosporium cladosporioides, in particular strain H39, (2.11) Conidiobolus
obscurus, (2.12)
Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (products known as
Contans ), (2.13)
Dilophosphora alopecuri (products known as Twist Fungus ), (2.14)
Entomophthora virulenta
(products known as Vektor), (2.15) Fusarium oxysporum, in particular strain
Fo47 (non-pathogenic) (
products known as Fusaclean), (2.16) Gliocladium catenulatum, in particular
strain J1446 (products
known as Prestop or Primastop), (2.17) Hirsutella thompsonii (products known
as Mycohit or
ABTEC), (2.18) Lagenidium giganteum (products known as Laginex by AgraQuest,
Inc.), (2.19)
Lecanicillium lecanii (formerly known as Verticillium lecanii), in particular
conidia of strain KV01
(products known as Mycotal , Vertalee), (2.20) Metarhizium anisopliae, in
particular strain F52
(products known as BIO 1020 or Met52), or M. a. var acridum (products known as
Green Muscle),
(2.21) Metarhizium flavoviride, (2.22) Metschnikovia fructicola, in particular
the strain NRRL Y-30752
(product known as Shemer ), (2.23) Microsphaeropsis ochracea (products known
as Microx ), (2.24)
Mucor haemelis (product known as BioAvard), (2.25) Muscodor albus, in
particular strain QST 20799
(products known as ArabesqueTM or AndanteTm), (2.26) Myrothecium verrucaria,
in particular strain
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AARC-0255 (products known as DiTeraTm), (2.27) Nomuraea rileyi, in particular
strains SA86101,
GU87401, SR86151, CG128 and VA9101 (products known as Kongo ), (2.28)
Ophiostoma piliferum,
in particular strain D97 (products known as Sylvanex), (2.29) Paecilomyces
fumosoreus, in particular
strain apopka 97 (products known as PreFeRal), (2.30) Paecilomyces lilacinus,
in particular spores of P.
lilacinus strain 251 (products known as BioAct , cf. Crop Protection 2008, 27,
352-361), (2.31)
Paecilomyces variotii, in particular strain Q-09 (products known as Nemaquim),
(2.32) Pandora
delphacis, (2.33) Penicillium bilaii, in particular strain ATCC22348 (products
known as JumpStart ,
PB-50, Provide), (2.34) Penicillium vermiculatum (products known as
Vermiculen), (2.35) Phlebiopsis
(=Phlebia = Peniophora) gigantea (products known as Rotstop), (2.36) Pichia
anomala, in particular
strain WRL-076, (2.37) Pochonia chlamydosporia, (2.38) Pseudozyma flocculosa,
in particular strain
PF-A22 UL (products known as Sporodex L), (2.39) Pythium oligandrum, in
particular strain DV74
(products known as Polyversum), (2.40) Sporothrix insectorum (products known
as Sporothrix), (2.41)
Talaromyces flavus, (2.42) Trichoderma album (products known as Bio-Zeid),
(2.43) Trichoderma
asperellum, in particular strain ICC 012 (products known as Bioten ), (2.44)
Trichoderma gamsii
(formerly T. viride), in particular mycelial fragments,conidia &
chlamydospores of strain ICC080
(products known as Bioderma), (2.45) Trichoderma harmatum, (2.46) Trichoderma
harzianum, in
particular T harzianum T39 (products known as Trichodex ), (2.47) Trichoderma
koningii (products
known as Trikot-S Plus ), (2.48) Trichoderma lignorum (products known as
Mycobac), (2.49)
Trichoderma polysporum, in particular strain IMI 206039, (2.50) Trichoderma
virens (formerly
Gliocladium virens), (products known as SoilGard), (2.51) Tsukamurella
paurometabola (products
known as HeberNem0), (2.52) Ulocladium oudemansii (products known as Botry-
Zen), (2.53)
Verticillium albo-atrum, in particular strain WCS850, (2.54) Verticillium
chlamydosporium (products
known as Varsha), (2.55) Verticillium dahliae (products known as Dutch Trig),
and (2.56) Zoophtora
radicans.
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "protozoas" are:
(3.1) Nosema locustae (products known as NoloBait), (3.2) Thelohania
solenopsis and (3.3)
Vairimorpha spp..
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "viruses" are:
(4.1) Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), (product
known as BIOFA -
Capex0), (4.2) Agrotis segetum (turnip moth) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV),
(4.3) Anticarsia
gemmatalis (Woolly pyrol moth) mNPV (products known as Polygen), (4.4)
Autographa californica
(Alfalfa Looper ) mNPV (products known as VPN80 from Agricola El Sol), (4.5)
Biston suppressaria
(tea looper) NPV, (4.6) Bombyx mori (silkworm) NPV, (4.7) Cryptophlebia
leucotreta (false codling
moth) GV (products known as Cryptex), (4.8) Cydia pomonella (Codling moth)
granulosis virus (GV)
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(product known as Madex Plus), (4.9) Dendrolimus punctatus (Masson pine moth)
CPV, (5.0)
Helicoverpa armigera NPV (product known as AgBiTech - ViVUS Max), (5.1)
Helicoverpa (previously
Hetiothis) zea (corn earworm) NPV (products known as Elcar), (5.2) Leucoma
salicis (satin moth)
NPV, (5.3) Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) NPV (products known as Gypcheck),
(5.4) Neodiprion
abietis (balsam-fir sawfly) NPV (products known as Abietiv), (5.5) Neodiprion
lecontei (red-headed
pinesawfly) NPV (products known as Lecontvirus), (5.6) Neodiprion sertifer
(Pine sawfly) NPV
(products known as Neocheck-S), (5.7) Orgyia pseudotsugata (Douglas-fir
tussock moth) NPV
(products known as Virtuss), (5.8) Phthorimaea opercutella (tobacco leaf
miner) GV (products known
as Matapol), (5.9) Pieris rapae (small white) GV, (6.0) Plutella xylostella
(diamondback moth) GV
(products known as Plutec), (6.1) Spodoptera albula (gray-streaked armywom
moth) mNPV (products
known as VPN 82), (6.2) Spodoptera exempta (true armyworm) mNPV (products
known as Spodec),
(6.3) Spodoptera exigua (sugarbeet armyworm) mNPV (products known as Spexit
from Andermatt
Biocontrol), (6.4) Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV (products known
as Baculovirus
VPN), (6.5) Spodoptera littoratis (tobacco cutworm) NPV (procucts known as
Spodoptrin from NPP
Calliope France), and (6.6) Spodoptera litura (oriental leafworm moth) NPV
(products known as
Littovir).
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "entomopathogenic
nematodes" are:
(5.1) Abbreviata caucasica, (5.2) Acuaria spp., (5.3) Agamermis decaudata,
(5.4) Allantonema
spp., (5.5) Amphimermis spp., (5.6) Beddingia (= Deladenus) siridicola, (5.7)
Bovienema spp., (5.7)
Cameronia spp., (5.8) Chitwoodiella ovofilamenta, (5.9) Contortylenchus spp.,
(5.10)
Culicimermis spp., (5.11) Diplotriaena spp., (5.12) Empidomermis spp., (5.13)
Filipjevimermis
leipsandra, (5.14) Gastromermis spp., (5.15) Gongylonema spp., (5.16)
Gynopoecilia
pseudovipara, (5.17) Heterorhabditis spp., in particular Heterorhabditis
bacteriophora (products
known as B-Green), or Heterorhabditis baujardi, or Heterorhabditis hetiothidis
(products known as
N e m at o n) , or Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis marelatus,
Heterorhabditis megidis,
Heterorhabditis zealandica, (5.18) Hexamermis spp., (5.19) Hydromermis spp.,
(5.20) Isomermis
spp., (5.21) Limnomermis spp., (5.22) Maupasina weissi, (5.23) Mermis
nigrescens, (5.24)
Mesomermis spp., (5.25) Neomesomermis spp., (5.26) Neoparasitylenchus
rugulosi, (5.27)
Octomyomermis spp., (5.28) Parasitaphelenchus spp., (5.29) Parasitorhabditis
spp., (5.30)
Parasitylenchus spp., (5.31) Perutilimermis culicis, (5.32) Phasmarhabditis
hermaphrodita, (5.33)
Physaloptera spp., (5.34) Protrellatus spp., (5.35) Pterygodermatites spp.,
(5.36) Romanomermis
spp., (5.37) Seuratum cadarachense, (5.38) Sphaerulariopsis spp., (5.39)
Spirura guianensis,
(5.40) Steinernema spp. (= Neoaplectana spp.), in particular Steinernema
carpocapsae (products
known as Biocontrol), or Steinernema feltiae (= Neoaplectana carpocapsae),
(products known as
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Nemasys0), or Steinernema glaseri (procucts known as Biotopia), or Steinernema
kraussei (products
known as Larvesure), or Steinernema riobrave (products known as Biovector), or
Steinernema
scapterisci (products known as Nematac S), or Steinernema scarabaei, or
Steinernema siamkayai, (5.41)
Strelkovimermis peterseni, (5.42) Subulura spp., (5.43) Sulphuretylenchus
elongatus, and (5.44)
Tetrameres spp..
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "inoculants" are:
(C6.1) Agro bacterium spp., (C6.2) Azorhizobium caulinodans, (C6.3)
Azospirillum spp., (C6.4)
Azotobacter spp., (C6.5) Bradyrhizobium spp., (C6.6) Burkholderia spp., in
particular
Burkholderia cepacia (formerly Pseudomonas cepacia), (C6.7) Gigaspora spp., in
particular
Gigaspora margarita, or Gigaspora monosporum, (C6.8) Glomus spp., in
particular Glomus
aggregatum, or Glomus brasilianum, or Glomus clarum, or Glomus deserticola, or
Glomus
etunicatum, or Glomus intraradices, or Glomus monosporus, or Glomus mosseae,
(C6.9)
Laccaria spp., in particular Laccaria bicolor, or Laccaria laccata, (C6.10)
Lactobacillus
buchneri, (C6.11) Paraglomus spp., (C6.12) Pisolithus tinctorus, (C6.13)
Pseudomonas spp.,
(C6.14) Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium fredii, or Rhizobium
leguminosarum, or
Rhizobium loti, or Rhizobium meliloti, or Rhizobium trifolii, or Rhizobium
tropici, (C.6.15)
Rhizopogon amylopogon, or Rhizopogon fulvigleba, or Rhizopogon luteolus, or
Rhizopogon
tinctorus, or Rhizopogon villosullus, or (C.6.16) Scleroderma spp., in
particular Scleroderma
cepa, or Scleroderma citrinum, (C6.17) Suillus spp., in particular Suillus
granulates, or Suillus
punctatapies and (C6.18) Streptomyces spp..
Biological control agents that are summarized under the term "Botanicals" are:
(C7.1) Thymol, extracted e. g. from thyme (thymus vulgaris), (C7.2) Neem tree
(Azadirachta
indica) oil, and therein Azadirachtin, (C7.3) Pyrethrum, an extract made from
the dried flower
heads of different species of the genus Tanacetum, and therein Pyrethrins (the
active
components of the extract), (C7.4) extract of Cassia nigricans, (C7.5) wood
extract of Quassia
amara (bitterwood), (C7.6) Rotenon, an extract from the roots and stems of
several tropical and
subtropical plant species, especially those belonging to the genera
Lonchocarpus and Derris,
(C7.7) extract ofAllium sativum (garlic), (C7.8) Quillaja extract, made from
the concentrated
purified extract of the outer cambium layer of the Quillaja Saponaria Molina
tree, (C7.9)
Sabadilla (Sabadilla= Schoenocaulon officinale) seeds, in particular Veratrin
(extracted from
the seeds), (C7.10) Ryania, an extract made from the ground stems of Ryania
speciosa, in
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particular Ryanodine (the active component of the extract), (C7.11) extract of
Viscum album
(mistletoe), (C7.12) extract of Tanacetum vulgare (tansy), (C7.13) extract of
Artemisia
absinthium (wormwood), (C7.14) extract of Urtica dioica (stinging nettle),
(C7.15) extract of
Symphytum officinale (common comfrey), (C7.16) extract of Tropaeulum majus
(monks cress),
(C7.17) leaves and bark of Quercus (oak tree) (C7.18) Yellow mustard powder,
(C7.19) oil of
the seeds of Chenopodium anthelminticum (wormseed goosefoot), (C7.20) dried
leaves of
Dryopteris filix-mas (male fern), (C7.21) bark of Celastrus angulatus (Chinese
bittersweet),
(C7.22) extract of Equisetum arvense (field horsetail), (C7.23) Chitin.
Biological control agents that are "Products produced by microorganisms
including proteins or
secondary metabolites" are:
(B8.1) Harpin (isolated by Erwinia amylovora, products known as Harp-N-TekTm,
Messenger ,
EmployTM, ProActTm).
In a preferred embodiment, the biological control agents are selected from the
group:
(1.12) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a, or strain
FZB42 (product known as
RhizoVitar), or strain B3, (1.17) Bacillus cereus (synonyms: Bacillus
endorhythmos, Bacillus medusa),
in particular spores of B. cereus strain CNCM 1-1562 (cf. US 6,406,690),
(1.34) Bacillus megaterium
(products known as BioArc), (1.44) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain GB34
(products known as
Yield Shield ,) and strain Q5T2808 (products known as Sonata QST 2808 ),
(1.47) Bacillus sphaericus
(products known as VectoLexe), (1.48) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain
GB03 (products known as
Kodiak ) and strain QST 713 (products known as Serenade QST 713 ), or B.
subtilis var.
amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 (products known as Taegre), (1.49) Bacillus
thuringiensis, in
particular B. thuringiensis var. israelensis (products known as VectoBac ) or
B. thuringiensis subsp.
aizawai strain ABTS-1857 (products known as XenTari ), or B. thuringiensis
subsp. kurstaki strain HD-
1 (products known as Dipel ES) or B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis strain
NB 176 (products known
as Novodor FC), or B. th. var. aegyptii (products known as Agerin) , or B.
th. var. colmeri (products
known as TianBaoBTc) , or B. th. var. darmstadiensis (products known as
Baciturin, Kolepterin) , or B.
th. var. dendrolimus (products known as Dendrobacillin) , or B. th. var.
galleriae ((products known as
Enterobactin) , or B. th. var. japonensis (products known as Buihunter) , or
B. th. subsp. Morrisoni, or B.
th. var. san diego, or B. th. subsp. thuringiensis strain MPPL002, or B. th.
var. thuringiensis (products
known as Bikol) , or B. th. var 7216 (products known as Amactic, Pethian) , or
B. th. var T36 (products
known as Cahat), (1.55) Delftia acidovorans, in particular strain RAY209
(products known as
BioBoose), (1.56) Lactobacillus acidophilus (products known as Fruitsan),
(1.57) Lysobacter
antibioticus, in particular strain 13-1 (cf. Biological Control 2008, 45, 288-
296), (1.58) Lysobacter
enzymogenes, in particular strain C3 (cf. J Nematol. 2006 June; 38(2): 233-
239), (1.59) Paenibacillus
alvei, in particular strains III3DT-1A, 1112E, 46C3, 2771 (Bacillus genetic
stock center, Nov 2001),
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(1.70) Pseudomonas fluorescens (products known as Sudozone), (1.71)
Pseudomonas proradix
(products known as Proradie), (1.72) Pseudomonas putida (products known as
Nematsid, (1.73)
Pseudomonas resinovorans (products known as Solanacure), (1.74) Pseudomonas
syringae (products
known as Biosave), (1.75) Serratia entomophila (products known as invade),
(1.76) Serratia
marcescens, in particularstrain SRM (MTCC8708) or strain R35, (1.77)
Streptomyces candidus
(products known as BioAidrm), (1.78) Streptomyces colombiensis (products known
as Mycoside), (1.79)
Streptomyces galbus, in particular strain K61 (products known as Mycostop ,
cf. Crop Protection 2006,
25, 468-475) or strain QST 6047,
When treating the seed, care must generally be taken that the amount of the
composition according to
the invention applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is
chosen in such a way that the
germination of the seed is not adversely affected, or that the resulting plant
is not damaged. This must be
borne in mind in particular in the case of active compounds which may have
phytotoxic effects at certain
application rates.
According to the invention all plants and plant parts can be treated. By
plants is meant all plants and
plant populations such as desirable and undesirable wild plants, cultivars and
plant varieties (whether or
not protectable by plant variety or plant breeder's rights). Cultivars and
plant varieties can be plants
obtained by conventional propagation and breeding methods which can be
assisted or supplemented by
one or more biotechnological methods such as by use of double haploids,
protoplast fusion, random and
directed mutagenesis, molecular or genetic markers or by bioengineering and
genetic engineering
methods. By plant parts is meant all above ground and below ground parts and
organs of plants such as
shoot, leaf, blossom and root, whereby for example leaves, needles, stems,
branches, blossoms, fruiting
bodies, fruits and seed as well as roots, tubers, corms and rhizomes are
listed. Crops and vegetative and
generative propagating material, for example cuttings, corms, rhizomes,
tubers, runners and seeds also
belong to plant parts.
Among the plants that can be protected by the method according to the
invention, mention may be made
of major field crops like corn, soybean, cotton, Brassica oilseeds such as
Brassica napus (e.g. canola),
Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g. mustard) and Brassica carinata, rice, wheat,
sugarbeet, sugarcane, oats,
rye, barley, millet, triticale, flax, vine and various fruits and vegetables
of various botanical taxa such as
Rosaceae sp. (for instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone
fruit such as apricots,
cherries, almonds and peaches, berry fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae
sp., Juglandaceae sp.,
Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp.,
Actinidaceae sp.,
Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantings),
Rubiaceae sp. (for instance
coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for instance lemons,
oranges and grapefruit) ;
Solanaceae sp. (for instance tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, eggplant), Liliaceae
sp., Compositiae sp. (for
instance lettuce, artichoke and chicory - including root chicory, endive or
common chicory),
Umbelliferae sp. (for instance carrot, parsley, celery and celeriac),
Cucurbitaceae sp. (for instance
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cucumber ¨ including pickling cucumber, squash, watermelon, gourds and
melons), Alliaceae sp. (for
instance onions and leek), Cruciferae sp. (for instance white cabbage, red
cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower,
brussel sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese
cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (for
instance peanuts, peas and beans beans - such as climbing beans and broad
beans), Chenopodiaceae sp.
(for instance mangold, spinach beet, spinach, beetroots), Malvaceae (for
instance okra), Asparagaceae
(for instance asparagus); horticultural and forest crops; ornamental plants;
as well as genetically
modified homologues of these crops.
The method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the
treatment of genetically modified
organisms (GM0s), e.g. plants or seeds. Genetically modified plants (or
transgenic plants) are plants of
which a heterologous gene has been stably integrated into genome. The
expression "heterologous gene"
essentially means a gene which is provided or assembled outside the plant and
when introduced in the
nuclear, chloroplastic or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new
or improved agronomic
or other properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by
downregulating or silencing
other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example, antisense
technology, cosuppression
technology or RNA interference ¨ RNAi - technology). A heterologous gene that
is located in the
genome is also called a transgene. A transgene that is defined by its
particular location in the plant
genome is called a transformation or transgenic event.
Depending on the plant species or plant cultivars, their location and growth
conditions (soils, climate,
vegetation period, diet), the treatment according to the invention may also
result in superadditive
("synergistic") effects. Thus, for example, reduced application rates and/or a
widening of the activity
spectrum and/or an increase in the activity of the active compounds and
compositions which can be used
according to the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high
or low temperatures,
increased tolerance to drought or to water or soil salt content, increased
flowering performance, easier
harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher harvest yields, bigger fruits,
larger plant height, greener leaf
color, earlier flowering, higher quality and/or a higher nutritional value of
the harvested products, higher
sugar concentration within the fruits, better storage stability and/or
processability of the harvested
products are possible, which exceed the effects which were actually to be
expected.
At certain application rates, the active compound combinations according to
the invention may also have
a strengthening effect in plants. Accordingly, they are also suitable for
mobilizing the defense system of
the plant against attack by unwanted microorganisms. This may, if appropriate,
be one of the reasons of
the enhanced activity of the combinations according to the invention, for
example against fungi. Plant-
strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances are to be understood as
meaning, in the present context,
those substances or combinations of substances which are capable of
stimulating the defense system of
plants in such a way that, when subsequently inoculated with unwanted
microorganisms, the treated
plants display a substantial degree of resistance to these microorganisms. In
the present case, unwanted
microorganisms are to be understood as meaning phytopathogenic fungi, bacteria
and viruses. Thus, the
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substances according to the invention can be employed for protecting plants
against attack by the
abovementioned pathogens within a certain period of time after the treatment.
The period of time within
which protection is effected generally extends from 1 to 30 days, preferably 1
to 14 days, after the
treatment of the plants with the active compounds.
Plants and plant cultivars which are preferably to be treated according to the
invention include all plants
which have genetic material which impart particularly advantageous, useful
traits to these plants
(whether obtained by breeding and/or biotechnological means).
Plants and plant cultivars which are also preferably to be treated according
to the invention are resistant
against one or more biotic stresses, i.e. said plants show a better defense
against animal and microbial
pests, such as against nematodes, insects, mites, phytopathogenic fungi,
bacteria, viruses and/or viroids.
Examples of nematode resistant plants are described in e.g. US Patent
Application Nos 11/765,491,
11/765,494, 10/926,819, 10/782,020, 12/032,479, 10/783,417, 10/782,096,
11/657,964, 12/192,904,
11/396,808, 12/166,253, 12/166,239, 12/166,124, 12/166,209, 11/762,886,
12/364,335, 11/763,947,
12/252,453, 12/209,354, 12/491,396 and 12/497,221.
Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the
invention are those plants which
are resistant to one or more abiotic stresses. Abiotic stress conditions may
include, for example,
drought, cold temperature exposure, heat exposure, osmotic stress, flooding,
increased soil salinity,
increased mineral exposure, ozone exposure, high light exposure, limited
availability of nitrogen
nutrients, limited availability of phosphorus nutrients, shade avoidance.
Plants and plant cultivars which may also be treated according to the
invention, are those plants
characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said
plants can be the result of, for
example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use
efficiency, water
retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation,
improved photosynthesis,
increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation. Yield can
furthermore be affected by
improved plant architecture (under stress and non-stress conditions),
including but not limited to, early
flowering, flowering control for hybrid seed production, seedling vigor, plant
size, internode number
and distance, root growth, seed size, fruit size, pod size, pod or ear number,
seed number per pod or ear,
seed mass, enhanced seed filling, reduced seed dispersal, reduced pod
dehiscence and lodging
resistance. Further yield traits include seed composition, such as
carbohydrate content, protein content,
oil content and composition, nutritional value, reduction in anti-nutritional
compounds, improved
processability and better storage stability.
Plants that may be treated according to the invention are hybrid plants that
already express the
characteristic of heterosis or hybrid vigor which results in generally higher
yield, vigor, health and
resistance towards biotic and abiotic stresses. Such plants are typically made
by crossing an inbred male-
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sterile parent line (the female parent) with another inbred male-fertile
parent line (the male parent).
Hybrid seed is typically harvested from the male sterile plants and sold to
growers. Male sterile plants
can sometimes (e.g. in corn) be produced by detasseling, i.e. the mechanical
removal of the male
reproductive organs (or males flowers) but, more typically, male sterility is
the result of genetic
determinants in the plant genome. In that case, and especially when seed is
the desired product to be
harvested from the hybrid plants it is typically useful to ensure that male
fertility in the hybrid plants is
fully restored. This can be accomplished by ensuring that the male parents
have appropriate fertility
restorer genes which are capable of restoring the male fertility in hybrid
plants that contain the genetic
determinants responsible for male-sterility. Genetic determinants for male
sterility may be located in the
cytoplasm. Examples of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) were for instance
described in Brassica
species. However, genetic determinants for male sterility can also be located
in the nuclear genome.
Male sterile plants can also be obtained by plant biotechnology methods such
as genetic engineering. A
particularly useful means of obtaining male-sterile plants is described in WO
89/10396 in which, for
example, a ribonuclease such as barnase is selectively expressed in the
tapetum cells in the stamens.
Fertility can then be restored by expression in the tapetum cells of a
ribonuclease inhibitor such as
barstar.
Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as
genetic engineering) which
may be treated according to the invention are herbicide-tolerant plants, i.e.
plants made tolerant to one or
more given herbicides. Such plants can be obtained either by genetic
transformation, or by selection of
plants containing a mutation imparting such herbicide tolerance.
Herbicide-resistant plants are for example glyphosate-tolerant plants, i.e.
plants made tolerant to the
herbicide glyphosate or salts thereof Plants can be made tolerant to
glyphosate through different means.
For example, glyphosate-tolerant plants can be obtained by transforming the
plant with a gene encoding
the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshilcimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS). Examples of
such EPSPS genes are
the AroA gene (mutant CT7) of the bacterium Salmonella typhimurium (Comai et
al., 1983, Science
221, 370-371), the CP4 gene of the bacterium Agro bacterium sp. (Barry et al.,
1992, Curr. Topics Plant
Physiol. 7, 139-145), the genes encoding a Petunia EPSPS (Shah et al., 1986,
Science 233, 478-481), a
Tomato EPSPS (Gasser et al., 1988, J. Biol. Chem. 263, 4280-4289), or an
Eleusine EPSPS (WO
01/66704). It can also be a mutated EPSPS. Glyphosate-tolerant plants can also
be obtained by
expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate oxido-reductase enzyme. Glyphosate-
tolerant plants can
also be obtained by expressing a gene that encodes a glyphosate acetyl
transferase enzyme. Glyphosate-
tolerant plants can also be obtained by selecting plants containing naturally-
occurring mutations of the
above-mentioned genes. Plants expressing EPSPS genes that confer glyphosate
tolerance are described.
Plants comprising other genes that confer glyphosate tolerance, such as
decarboxylase genes, are
described.
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Other herbicide resistant plants are for example plants that are made tolerant
to herbicides inhibiting the
enzyme glutamine synthase, such as bialaphos, phosphinothricin or glufosinate.
Such plants can be
obtained by expressing an enzyme detoxifying the herbicide or a mutant
glutamine synthase enzyme that
is resistant to inhibition. One such efficient detoxifying enzyme is an enzyme
encoding a
phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (such as the bar or pat protein from
Streptomyces species). Plants
expressing an exogenous phosphinothricin acetyltransferase are described.
Further herbicide-tolerant plants are also plants that are made tolerant to
the herbicides inhibiting the
enzyme hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenase (HPPD).
Hydroxyphenylpyruvatedioxygenases HPPD is an
are enzyme that catalyze the reaction in which para-hydroxyphenylpyruvate
(HPP) is transformed into
homogentisate. Plants tolerant to HPPD-inhibitors can be transformed with a
gene encoding a naturally-
occurring resistant HPPD enzyme, or a gene encoding a mutated or chimeric HPPD
enzyme as described
in WO 96/38567, WO 99/24585, and WO 99/24586, WO 2009/144079, WO 2002/046387,
or US
6,768,044. Tolerance to HPPD-inhibitors can also be obtained by transforming
plants with genes
encoding certain enzymes enabling the formation of homogentisate despite the
inhibition of the native
HPPD enzyme by the HPPD-inhibitor. Such plants and genes are described in WO
99/34008 and WO
02/36787. Tolerance of plants to HPPD inhibitors can also be improved by
transforming plants with a
gene encoding an enzyme having prephenate deshydrogenase (PDH) activity in
addition to a gene
encoding an HPPD-tolerant enzyme, as described in WO 2004/024928. Further,
plants can be made
more tolerant to HPPD-inhibitor herbicides by adding into their genome a gene
encoding an enzyme
capable of metabolizing or degrading HPPD inhibitors, such as the CYP450
enzymes shown in WO
2007/103567 and WO 2008/150473.
Still further herbicide resistant plants are plants that are made tolerant to
acetolactate synthase (ALS)
inhibitors. Known AL S-inhibitors include, for example, sulfonylurea,
imidazolinone,
triazolopyrimidines, pryimidinyoxy(thio)benzoates, and/or
sulfonylaminocarbonyltriazolinone
herbicides. Different mutations in the ALS enzyme (also known as
acetohydroxyacid synthase, AHAS)
are known to confer tolerance to different herbicides and groups of
herbicides, as described for example
in Tranel and Wright (2002, Weed Science 50:700-712). The production of
sulfonylurea-tolerant plants
and imidazolinone-tolerant plants is described. Other imidazolinone-tolerant
plants are also described.
Further sulfonylurea- and imidazolinone-tolerant plants are also described.
Other plants tolerant to imidazolinone and/or sulfonylurea can be obtained by
induced mutagenesis,
selection in cell cultures in the presence of the herbicide or mutation
breeding as described for example
for soybeans in U.S. Patent 5,084,082, for rice in WO 97/41218, for sugar beet
in U.S. Patent 5,773,702
and WO 99/057965, for lettuce in U.S. Patent 5,198,599, or for sunflower in WO
01/065922.
Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as
genetic engineering) which
may also be treated according to the invention are insect-resistant transgenic
plants, i.e. plants made
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resistant to attack by certain target insects. Such plants can be obtained by
genetic transformation, or by
selection of plants containing a mutation imparting such insect resistance.
An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein, includes any plant
containing at least one
transgene comprising a coding sequence encoding:
1) an insecticidal crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or an
insecticidal portion thereof, such as
the insecticidal crystal proteins listed by Crickmore et al. (1998,
Microbiology and Molecular Biology
Reviews, 62: 807-813), updated by Crickmore et al. (2005) at the Bacillus
thuringiensis toxin
nomenclature, online
at:
http ://www. lifesci. sus s ex. ac.uk/Home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/), or
insecticidal portions thereof, e.g.,
proteins of the Cry protein classes Cryl Ab, CrylAc, Cry1B, Cry1C, CrylD,
Cry1F, Cry2Ab, Cry3Aa,
or Cry3Bb or insecticidal portions thereof (e.g. EP 1999141_and WO
2007/107302), or such proteins
encoded by synthetic genes as e.g. described in US Patent Application No
12/249,016; or
2) a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion thereof which is
insecticidal in the presence
of a second other crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or a portion
thereof, such as the binary
toxin made up of the Cry34 and Cry35 crystal proteins (Moellenbeck et al.
2001, Nat. Biotechnol. 19:
668-72; Schnepf et al. 2006, Applied Environm. Microbiol. 71, 1765-1774) or
the binary toxin made up
of the Cryl A or Cryl F proteins and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins
(US Patent Appl. No.
12/214,022 and EP 08010791.5); or
3) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts of different insecticidal
crystal proteins from Bacillus
thuringiensis, such as a hybrid of the proteins of 1) above or a hybrid of the
proteins of 2) above, e.g.,
the Cry1A.105 protein produced by corn event M0N89034 (WO 2007/027777); or
4) a protein of any one of 1) to 3) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10,
amino acids have been
replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a
target insect species, and/or to
expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes
introduced into the
encoding DNA during cloning or transformation, such as the Cry3Bb1 protein in
corn events M0N863
or M0N88017, or the Cry3A protein in corn event MIR604; or
5) an insecticidal secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus
cereus, or an insecticidal
portion thereof, such as the vegetative insecticidal (VIP) proteins listed at:
http ://www. life sci. sus s ex. ac.uk/home/Neil_Crickmore/Bt/vip.html, e.g.,
proteins from the VIP3Aa
protein class; or
6) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is
insecticidal in the presence
of a second secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or B. cereus, such as
the binary toxin made up
of the VIP1A and VIP2A proteins (WO 94/21795); or
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7) a hybrid insecticidal protein comprising parts from different secreted
proteins from Bacillus
thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus, such as a hybrid of the proteins in 1) above
or a hybrid of the proteins
in 2) above; or
8) a protein of any one of 5) to 7) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10,
amino acids have been
replaced by another amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a
target insect species, and/or to
expand the range of target insect species affected, and/or because of changes
introduced into the
encoding DNA during cloning or transformation (while still encoding an
insecticidal protein), such as
the VIP3Aa protein in cotton event COT102; or
9) a secreted protein from Bacillus thuringiensis or Bacillus cereus which is
insecticidal in the presence
of a crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as the binary toxin
made up of VIP3 and CrylA or
Cryl F (US Patent Appl. No. 61/126083 and 61/195019), or the binary toxin made
up of the VIP3
protein and the Cry2Aa or Cry2Ab or Cry2Ae proteins (US Patent Appl. No.
12/214,022 and EP
08010791.5).
10) a protein of 9) above wherein some, particularly 1 to 10, amino acids have
been replaced by another
amino acid to obtain a higher insecticidal activity to a target insect
species, and/or to expand the range of
target insect species affected, and/or because of changes introduced into the
encoding DNA during
cloning or transformation (while still encoding an insecticidal protein)
Of course, an insect-resistant transgenic plant, as used herein, also includes
any plant comprising a
combination of genes encoding the proteins of any one of the above classes 1
to 10. In one embodiment,
an insect-resistant plant contains more than one transgene encoding a protein
of any one of the above
classes 1 to 10, to expand the range of target insect species affected when
using different proteins
directed at different target insect species, or to delay insect resistance
development to the plants by using
different proteins insecticidal to the same target insect species but having a
different mode of action,
such as binding to different receptor binding sites in the insect.
An "insect-resistant transgenic plant", as used herein, further includes any
plant containing at least one
transgene comprising a sequence producing upon expression a double-stranded
RNA which upon
ingestion by a plant insect pest inhibits the growth of this insect pest..
Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as
genetic engineering) which
may also be treated according to the invention are tolerant to abiotic
stresses. Such plants can be
obtained by genetic transformation, or by selection of plants containing a
mutation imparting such stress
resistance. Particularly useful stress tolerance plants include:
1) plants which contain a transgene capable of reducing the expression and/or
the activity of poly(ADP-
ribose) polymerase (PARP) gene in the plant cells or plants.
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2) plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene capable of
reducing the expression and/or
the activity of the PARG encoding genes of the plants or plants cells.
3) plants which contain a stress tolerance enhancing transgene coding for a
plant-functional enzyme of
the nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide salvage synthesis pathway including
nicotinamidase, nicotinate
phosphoribosyltransferase, nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenyl transferase,
nicotinamide adenine
dinucleotide synthetase or nicotine amide phosphorybosyltransferase.
Plants or plant cultivars (obtained by plant biotechnology methods such as
genetic engineering) which
may also be treated according to the invention show altered quantity, quality
and/or storage-stability of
the harvested product and/or altered properties of specific ingredients of the
harvested product such as :
1) transgenic plants which synthesize a modified starch, which in its physical-
chemical characteristics,
in particular the amylose content or the amylose/amylopectin ratio, the degree
of branching, the average
chain length, the side chain distribution, the viscosity behaviour, the
gelling strength, the starch grain
size and/or the starch grain morphology, is changed in comparison with the
synthesised starch in wild
type plant cells or plants, so that this is better suited for special
applications.
2) transgenic plants which synthesize non starch carbohydrate polymers or
which synthesize non starch
carbohydrate polymers with altered properties in comparison to wild type
plants without genetic
modification. Examples are plants producing polyfructose, especially of the
inulin and levan-type, plants
producing alpha-1,4-glucans, plants producing alpha-1,6 branched alpha-1,4-
glucans, plants producing
alternan,
3) transgenic plants which produce hyaluronan.
4) transgenic plants or hybrid plants, such as onions with characteristics
such as 'high soluble solids
content', low pungency' (LP) and/or 'long storage' (LS).
Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods
such as genetic
engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants,
such as cotton plants, with
altered fiber characteristics. Such plants can be obtained by genetic
transformation, or by selection of
plants contain a mutation imparting such altered fiber characteristics and
include:
a) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of cellulose
synthase genes
b) Plants, such as cotton plants, containing an altered form of rsw2 or rsw3
homologous
nucleic acids Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of
sucrose phosphate
synthase
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c) Plants, such as cotton plants, with increased expression of sucrose
Plants, such as cotton
plants, wherein the timing of the plasmodesmatal gating at the basis of the
fiber cell is
altered, e.g. through downregulation of fiber-selective 13-1,3-glucanase
d) Plants, such as cotton plants, having fibers with altered reactivity, e.g.
through the
expression of N-acetylglucosaminetransferase gene including nodC and chitin
synthase
genes
Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods
such as genetic
engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants,
such as oilseed rape or
related Brassica plants, with altered oil profile characteristics. Such plants
can be obtained by genetic
transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting such
altered oil profile
characteristics and include:
a) Plants, such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a high oleic acid
content
b) Plants such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low linolenic
acid content
c) Plant such as oilseed rape plants, producing oil having a low level of
saturated fatty acids
Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods
such as genetic
engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants,
such as potatoes which are
virus-resistant, e.g. against potato virus Y (event SY230 and 5Y233 from
Tecnoplant, Argentina), which
are disease resistant, e.g. against potato late blight (e.g. RB gene), which
show a reduction in cold-
induced sweetening ( carrying the Nt-Inhh, IIR-INV gene) or which possess a
dwarf phenotype (Gene
A-20 oxidase).
Plants or plant cultivars (that can be obtained by plant biotechnology methods
such as genetic
engineering) which may also be treated according to the invention are plants,
such as oilseed rape or
related Brassica plants, with altered seed shattering characteristics. Such
plants can be obtained by
genetic transformation, or by selection of plants contain a mutation imparting
such altered seed
shattering characteristics and include plants such as oilseed rape plants with
delayed or reduced seed
shattering.
Particularly useful transgenic plants which may be treated according to the
invention are plants
containing transformation events, or combination of transformation events,
that are the subject of
petitions for non-regulated status, in the United States of America, to the
Animal and Plant Health
Inspection Service (APHIS) of the United States Department of Agriculture
(USDA) whether such
petitions are granted or are still pending. At any time this information is
readily available from APHIS
( 4 7 0 0 R i v e r R o a
d
Riverdale, MD 20737, USA), for instance on its internet site (URL
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http://www.aphis.usda.gov/brs/not_reg.html). On the filing date of this
application the petitions for
nonregulated status that were pending with APHIS or granted by APHIS were
those listed in table B
which contains the following information:
- Petition : the identification number of the petition. Technical
descriptions of the
transformation events can be found in the individual petition documents which
are
obtainable from APHIS, for example on the APHIS website, by reference to this
petition
number. These descriptions are herein incorporated by reference.
- Extension of Petition : reference to a previous petition for which an
extension is requested.
- Institution : the name of the entity submitting the petition.
- Regulated article : the plant species concerned.
- Transgenic phenotype : the trait conferred to the plants by the
transformation event.
- Transformation event or line : the name of the event or events (sometimes
also designated as
lines or lines) for which nonregulated status is requested.
- APHIS documents : various documents published by APHIS in relation to the
Petition and
which can be requested with APHIS.
Additional particularly useful plants containing single transformation events
or combinations of
transformation events are listed for example in the databases from various
national or regional
regulatory agencies (see for example http://gmoinfo.jrc.it/gmp_browse.aspx and
http://cera-
gmc. org/index.php? evidco de=&hstIDXC o de=&gTyp e=&AbbrC ode=& atC ode=& stC
ode=&c oID C o de=
&action=gm_crop_database&mode=Submit) .
The compositions according to the invention comprises a) Fluopyram, b)
optionally one or more active
ingredients selected from insecticides, fungicides, biological control agents
as disclosed above, c)
optionally fertilizer or growth promoters.
The compositions according to the invention can be applied directly, that is
to say without comprising
further components and without having been diluted. In general, it is
preferable to apply the composition
to the seed in the form of a suitable formulation. Suitable formulations and
methods for the treatment of
seed are known to the skilled worker and are described, for example, in the
following documents: US
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4,272,417 A, US 4,245,432 A, US 4,808,430 A, US 5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428
Al, WO
2002/080675 Al, WO 2002/028186 A2.
The active compound combinations or compositions which can be used according
to the invention can
be converted into customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions,
emulsions, suspensions,
powders, foams, slurries or other coating materials for seed, and also ULV
formulations.
These formulations are prepared in a known manner by mixing the active
compounds or active
compound combinations or compositiions with customary additives, such as, for
example, customary
extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetting agents,
dispersants, emulsifiers, defoamers,
preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins and optionally
water as well.
Suitable colorants that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of
the invention include all
colorants customary for such purposes. Use may be made both of pigments, of
sparing solubility in
water, and of dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples that may be mentioned
include the colorants
known under the designations rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112, and C.I.
Solvent Red 1.
Suitable wetting agents that may be present in the seed dressing formulations
of the invention include all
substances which promote wetting and are customary in the formulation of
active agrochemical substances.
With preference it is possible to use alkylnaphthalene-sulphonates, such as
diisopropyl- or
diisobutylnaphthalene-sulphonates.
Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers that may be present in the seed
dressing formulations of the
invention include all nonionic, anionic, and cationic dispersants which are
customary in the formulation of
active agrochemical substances. With preference, it is possible to use
nonionic or anionic dispersants or
mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Particularly suitable nonionic
dispersants are ethylene oxide-
propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers, and
tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers, and
their phosphated or sulphated derivatives. Particularly suitable anionic
dispersants are lignosulphonates,
polyacrylic salts, and arylsulphonate-formaldehyde condensates.
Suitable defoamers that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of
the invention include all foam-
inhibiting substances which are customary in the formulation of active
agrochemical substances. With
preference it is possible to use silicone defoamers and magnesium stearate.
Suitable preservatives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations
of the invention include all
substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
By way of example,
mention may be made of dichlorophen and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
Suitable secondary thickeners that may be present in the seed dressing
formulations of the invention include
all substances which can be used for such purposes in agrochemical
compositions. Preferred suitability is
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possessed by cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan,
modified clays, and highly disperse
silica.
Suitable adhesives that may be present in the seed dressing formulations of
the invention include all
customary binders which can be used in seed dressing. With preference, mention
may be made of
polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.
The seed dressing formulations to be used according to the invention may be
used directly or after dilution
with water beforehand to treat seed of any of a very wide variety of types.
For instance, the concentrates or
the preparations obtainable therefrom by dilution with water may be used to
dress the seed of cereals, such
as wheat, barley, rye, oats, and triticale, and also the seed of maize, rice,
oilseed rape, peas, field beans,
cotton, sunflowers, and beets, or else vegetable seed of any of a very wide
variety of kinds. The suitable
seed dressing formulations of the invention or their dilute preparations may
also be used to dress seed of
transgenic plants. In this context, synergistic effects may also arise in
interaction with the substances formed
by expression.
Suitable mixing equipment for treating seed with the seed dressing
formulations to be used according to the
invention or the preparations prepared from them by adding water includes all
mixing equipment which can
commonly be used for dressing. The specific procedure adopted when dressing
comprises introducing the
seed into a mixer, adding the particular desired amount of seed dressing
formulation, either as it is or
following dilution with water beforehand, and carrying out mixing until the
formulation is uniformly
distributed on the seed. Optionally, a drying operation follows.
The application rate of the seed dressing formulations to be used according to
the invention may be varied
within a relatively wide range. It depends on the respective content of the
active compounds in the
formulations and on the seed. In general, the application rates of active
compound combination are between
0.001 and 200 g per kilogram of seed, preferably between 0.01 and 15 g per
kilogram of seed.
The good fungicidal action of the active compounds to be used according to the
invention in the treatment
of seed is demonstrated by the examples below.
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Use examples
Pyrenophora graminea test (winter barley) / seed treatment field trial
The compound was applied as a standard "SC"-seed treatment formulation in
comparison to an untreated
control.
The infected seeds and the compound were put with the desired amounts in a
seed treatment can and were
shaken for 1-2 minutes to ensure a homogenized distribution of the compound
onto the seeds. The plot size
on the field was 2 m x 1 m (= 2 m2) and three replicates were used. The soil
cultivation, seedbed
preparation, fertilization and the application of plant protection products
occurred according to the good
agricultural practise. The test was evaluated at BBCH 69. 0% means an efficacy
which corresponds to that
of the control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease was observed.
Table
Pyrenophora graminea test (winter barley) / seed treatment
Active compound Structure Rate of application
Efficacy
of active compound
in %
in g a.i./100kg seed
Fluopyram F 10 100
F--CI F F
F
1 0 F
5 100
NN
H
401 2,5 99,6
1
98,7
In vitro microtest Pyrenophora graminea, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis,
Pyrenophora teres.
The microtest was performed in liquid medium with potato-dextrose broth (PDB)
using microtitre plates.
The active compound is applied as the technical active substance dissolved in
methanol and 8
cioncentrations were prepared. The resulting concentration range was 0;
0.0003; 0.001; 0.003; 0.01; 0.03;
0.1 and 0.3 [tg a.i. /ml for Pyrenophora gramininea and Pyrenophora teres as
well as
0; 0.03; 0.1; 0.3; 1; 3; 10 and 30 [tg a.i. /ml for Pyrenophora tritici-
repentis.
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A mycelium suspension of Pyrenophora graminea or a spore suspension in the
case of P. tritici-repentis or
P. teres was used for inoculation. After 5 days of incubation for Pyrenophora
graminea and P. teres or 7
days of incubation for Pyrenophora tritici-repentis by darkness under shaking
(10 Hrz), the optical density
in each cavity was determined photometrically at 620 rim. EC50 values were
calculated according to the
extinction values (the EC50 is a central characteristic of the isolate - it
shows the concentration at which the
pathogen growth coverage is reduced by 50%).
Pyrenophora graminea test /in vitro
Active compound Structure
EC50
(ppm)
Fluopyram F
F--CI F F
F
1 0 F
0.08
NN
H
401
Pyrenophora teres test /in vitro
Active compound Structure
EC50
(ppm)
Fluopyram F
F--CI F F
F
1 0 F
0.07
NN
H
401
Pyrenophora tritici repentis test /in vitro
Active compound Structure
EC50
(ppm)
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Fluopyram F
F--CI F F
F 1 0
I F
0.06
e"N 410
H
