Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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ARTICLE AND SOIL CAPTURE AGENT FOR CLEANING SURFACES
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure generally relates to an article and soil capture agent
for cleaning
surfaces.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the past, cleansing articles, such as paper towels, have been commonly
utilized in
combination with liquid cleaning compositions to clean windows, mirrors,
countertops, and other
hard surfaces. Known cleansing articles typically provide cleaning performance
primarily by
absorption of soil laden fluid, consequently, the cleaning performance of
known cleansing
articles is limited by the ability of the cleansing articles to absorb and
retain the soil laden fluid.
Improved removal of soil from various surfaces continues to be a big consumer
need.
Formulators have attempted to enhance the soil removal properties of known
cleansing articles
by incorporating soil capture agents into liquid cleaning compositions. There
are known liquid
cleaning compositions, such as liquid spray cleaners, that comprise a soil
capture agent, for
example a Mirapol polymer (a copolymer of an acrylic acid and a diquatemary
ammonium
compound) available from Rhodia and/or a polyacrylamide polymer, such as a
Hyperfloc
polymer available from Hychem Inc. and/or a Lupasol polymer (a
polyethyleneimine) available
from BASF Corporation, that are designed to aid in the removal of soil from
various surfaces
when applied to the surface in a liquid form.
One problem faced by formulators is that consumers desire improved soil
adsorption
properties from cleansing articles compared to such properties from known
cleansing articles.
However, there still exists a need for a cleansing article and soil capture
agent that exhibit
enhanced soil adsorption properties compared to known materials.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with one embodiment, an article comprises a soil capture agent.
The soil
capture agent comprises a polymer. The polymer comprises two or more monomeric
units
selected from the group consisting of nonionic monomeric units, anionic
monomeric units,
cationic monomeric units and zwitterionic monomeric units. The polymer
comprises at least one
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monomeric unit selected from group a and at least one monomeric unit selected
from groups b, c
and d. At least a portion of the article exhibits a Soil Adsorption Value of
at least 75 mg as
measured according to a Soil Adsorption Test Method described herein.
One solution to the problem identified above is to provide cleaning systems
and/or
cleansing articles that comprise a soil capture agent that improves the soil
adsorption properties
of the cleaning system and/or cleansing articles compared to known cleaning
systems and/or
cleansing articles.
In accordance with another embodiment, a cleaning system comprises at least a
portion of
an article and a soil capture agent. The soil capture agent comprises a
polymer. The polymer
comprises three or more monomeric units selected from the group consisting of
nonionic
monomeric units, anionic monomeric units, cationic monomeric units and
zwitterionic
monomeric units. The polymer comprises at least one monomeric unit selected
from group a and
at least two monomeric units selected from groups b, c and d. The at least two
monomeric units
are present in the polymer at a molar ratio of from about 3:1 to about 1:3.
In accordance with yet another embodiment, a cleaning system comprises at
least a
portion of an article and a soil capture agent. The soil capture agent
comprises a polymer. The
polymer comprises two or more monomeric units selected from the group
consisting of nonionic
monomeric units, anionic monomeric units, cationic monomeric units and
zwitterionic
monomeric units. The polymer comprises at least one monomeric unit selected
from group a and
at least one monomeric unit selected from groups b, c and d. The polymer
comprises a number
average molecular weight from about 500,000 g/mol to about 2,000,000 g/mol
and/or from about
1,000,000 to about 1,500,000 g/mol.
In accordance with still another embodiment, an article for cleaning a surface
comprises a
soil capture agent. The soil capture agent comprises a polymer. The polymer
comprising two or
more monomeric units selected from the group consisting of nonionic monomeric
units, anionic
monomeric units, cationic monomeric units, zwitterionic monomeric units, and
mixtures thereof.
The polymer exhibits a Soil Adsorption Value of about 40 mg or more as
measured according to
the Soil Adsorption Test Method described herein.
While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and
distinctly
claiming the subject matter that is regarded as the present invention, it is
believed that the
invention will be more fully understood from the following description.
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Definitions
As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning specified
thereafter:
"Anionic monomer" as used herein means a monomer that exhibits a net negative
charge
at a pH of 7 and/or is identified as an anionic monomer herein. An anionic
monomer is generally
associated with one or more cations such as protons or cations of alkali metal
or alkaline earth
metal, for example sodium of cationic groups such as ammonium.
"Anionic monomeric unit" as used herein means a monomeric unit that exhibits a
net
negative charge at a pH of 7 and/or is identified as an anionic monomeric unit
herein. An anionic
monomeric unit may be derived from an anionic monomer. An anionic monomeric
unit is
generally associated with one or more cations such as protons or cations of
alkali metal or
alkaline earth metal, for example sodium of cationic groups such as ammonium.
"Article" as used herein means is any solid matter, such as a web, sponge,
foam structure,
co-form material, or particle. In one example, the article is a dry article.
In one example, at least
a portion of the article exhibits a basis weight of about 150 gsm or less
and/or about 100 gsm or
less and/or from about 30 gsm to about 95 gsm. In one example, the article
comprises a material
formed of cotton such that at least a portion of the article comprises excess
anionic charge.
"Basis Weight" as used herein is the weight per unit area of a sample reported
in gsm and
is measured according to the Basis Weight Test Method described herein.
"Cationic monomer" as used herein means a monomer that exhibits a net positive
charge
at a pH of 7 and/or is identified as a cationic monomer herein. A cationic
monomer is generally
associated with one or more anions such as a chloride ion, a bromide ion, a
sulfonate group
and/or a methyl sulfate group.
"Cationic monomeric unit" as used herein means a monomeric unit that exhibits
a net
positive charge at a pH of 7 and/or is identified as a cationic monomeric unit
herein. A cationic
monomeric unit is generally associated with one or more anions such as a
chloride ion, a bromide
ion, a sulfonate group and/or a methyl sulfate group.
"Cleaning systems" refer to an article and a soil capture agent. Such cleaning
systems
can include Swiffer-brand products and pads.
"Dry article" as used herein means that the article includes less than about
30% and/or,
less than about 20% and/or less than 10% and/or less than 5% and/or less than
3% and/or less
than 2% and/or less than 1% and/or less than 0.5% by weight of moisture as
measured according
to the Moisture Content Test Method described herein.
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"Fiber" and/or "Filament" as used herein means an elongate particulate having
an
apparent length greatly exceeding its apparent width, i.e. a length to
diameter ratio of at least
about 10. In one example, a "fiber" is an elongate particulate that exhibits a
length of less than
5.08 cm (2 in.) and a "filament" is an elongate particulate that exhibits a
length of greater than or
equal to 5.08 cm (2 in.).
"Fibrous structure" as used herein means a structure that comprises one or
more fibrous
filaments and/or fibers. In one example, a fibrous structure according to the
present invention
means an orderly arrangement of filaments and/or fibers within a structure in
order to perform a
function. Non-limiting examples of fibrous structures can include paper,
fabrics (including
woven, knitted, and non-woven), and absorbent pads (for example for diapers or
feminine
hygiene products).
"Film" refers to a sheet-like material wherein the length and width of the
material far
exceed the thickness of the material.
"Hard surface" refers to any kind of surfaces typically found in and around
houses like
bathrooms, kitchens, basements and garages, e.g., floors, walls, tiles,
windows, countertops,
sinks, showers, shower plastified curtains, wash basins, WCs, dishes, fixtures
and fittings and the
like made of different materials like ceramic, enamel, painted and un-painted
concrete, plaster,
bricks, vinyl, no-wax vinyl, linoleum, melamine, Formica , glass, any
plastics, metals, chromed
surface and the like. The term surfaces as used herein also include household
appliances
including, but not limited to, washing machines, automatic dryers,
refrigerators, freezers, ovens,
microwave ovens, dishwashers and so on.
"Hydrophilic" and "Hydrophobic" As used herein, the term "hydrophilic" is used
to refer
to surfaces that are wettable by aqueous fluids deposited thereon.
Hydrophilicity and wettability
are typically defined in terms of contact angle and the surface tension of the
fluids and surfaces
involved. This is discussed in detail in the American Chemical Society
publication
entitled Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion, edited by Robert F. Gould
(Copyright 1964)
which is hereby incorporated by reference. A surface is said to be wetted by
an aqueous fluid
(hydrophilic) when the fluid tends to spread spontaneously across the surface.
Conversely, a
surface is considered to be "hydrophobic" if the aqueous fluid does not tend
to spread
spontaneously across the surface.
"Monomeric unit" as used herein is a constituent unit (sometimes referred to
as a
structural unit) of a polymer.
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"Nonionic monomer" as used herein means a monomer that exhibits no net charge
at a
pH of 7 and/or is identified as a nonionic monomer herein.
"Nonionic monomeric unit" as used herein means a monomeric unit that exhibits
no net
charge at a pH of 7 and/or is identified as a nonionic monomeric unit herein.
A nonionic
5 monomeric unit may be derived from nonionic monomer.
"Number average molecular weight" as used herein means the number average
molecular
weight Mr, as determined using gel permeation chromatography according to the
protocol found
in Colloids and Surfaces A. Physico Chemical & Engineering Aspects, Vol. 162,
2000, pg. 107-
121.
"Paper product" refers to any formed fibrous structure product, which may, but
not
necessarily, comprise cellulose fibers. In one embodiment, the paper products
of the present
disclosure include tissue-towel paper products.
"Polydispersity Index" or "PDI" as used herein means the ratio of the weight
average
molecular weight to the number average molecular weight, Mw/Mõ, as determined
using gel
permeation chromatography.
"Sanitary tissue product" as used herein means a soft, low density (i.e. <
about 0.15
g/cm3) web useful as a wiping implement for post-urinary and post-bowel
movement cleaning
(toilet tissue), for otorhinolaryngological discharges (facial tissue), and
multi-functional
absorbent and cleaning uses (absorbent towels), and folded sanitary tissue
products such as
napkins and/or facial tissues including folded sanitary tissue products
dispensed from a container,
such as a box. The sanitary tissue product may be convolutedly wound upon
itself about a core
or without a core to form a sanitary tissue product roll.
"Soil" refers to organic or inorganic material, often particulate in nature
that may include
dirt, clays, food particulates, sebum or greasy residue, soot, etc.
"Tissue-towel paper product" as used herein refers to products comprising
paper tissue or
paper towel technology in general, including, but not limited to, conventional
felt-pressed or
conventional wet-pressed tissue paper, pattern densified tissue paper, starch
substrates, and high
bulk, uncompacted tissue paper. Non-limiting examples of tissue-towel paper
products include
toweling, facial tissue, bath tissue, table napkins, and the like.
"Web" as used herein means a fibrous structure or a film.
"Weight average molecular weight" as used herein means the weight average
molecular
weight Mw as determined using gel permeation chromatography according to the
protocol found
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in Colloids and Surfaces A. Physico Chemical & Engineering Aspects, Vol. 162,
2000, pg. 107-
121.
"Zwitterionic monomer" as used herein means a monomer that exhibits both a
negative
charge and a positive charge on the same monomer at a pH of 7 and/or is
identified as a
zwitterionic monomer herein. A zwitterionic monomer is generally associated
with one or more
cations such as protons or cations of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal,
for example sodium or
cationic groups such as ammonium and one or more anions such as a chloride
ion, a bromide ion,
a sulfonate group and/or a methyl sulfate group.
"Zwitterionic monomeric unit" as used herein means a monomeric unit that
exhibits both
a negative charge and a positive charge on the same monomeric unit at a pH of
7 and/or is
identified as a zwitterionic monomeric unit herein. A zwitterionic monomeric
unit may be
derived from a zwitterionic monomer. A zwitterionic monomeric unit is
generally associated
with one or more cations such as protons or cations of alkali metal or
alkaline earth metal, for
example sodium or cationic groups such as ammonium and one or more anions such
as a chloride
ion, a bromide ion, a sulfonate group and/or a methyl sulfate group.
II. Polymers and Soil Capture Agents
A soil capture agent as described herein provides enhanced benefits in
capturing soil.
Such soil capture agents can be used singularly or in combination with other
components to form
a cleansing solution. In certain embodiments, such soil capture agents can
include polymers.
Such polymers can include several monomeric units thus it can be referred to
as a copolymer
rather than a homopolymer, which consists of a single type of monomeric unit.
The polymers of
the present disclosure may be a terpolymer (3 different monomeric units). The
polymers of the
present disclosure may be a random copolymer. In one example, a polymer of the
present
disclosure may be water-soluble and/or water-dispersible, which means that the
polymer does
not, over at least a certain pH and concentration range, form a two-phase
composition in water at
23 C 2.2 C and a relative humidity of 50% 10%.
In one example, the polymers of the present invention exhibit a Number Average
Molecular Weight of less than 2,000,000 g/mol and/or less than 1,750,000 g/mol
and/or less than
1,700,000 g/mol and/or less than 1,500,000 g/mol and/or greater than 500,000
g/mol and/or
greater than 900,000 g/mol. In another example, the polymers exhibit a Number
Average
Molecular Weight of from about 500,000 to 2,000,000 g/mol and/or from about
900,000 to
1,700,000 g/mol.
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In another example, the polymers of the present invention exhibit a Soil
Adsorption Value
of at least 38 mg and/or at least 40 mg and/or at least 42 mg and/or at least
45 mg and/or at least
47 mg and/or at least 50 mg and/or at least 53 mg and/or at least 55 mg and/or
at least 57 mg
and/or at least 60 mg and/or at least 62 mg as measured according to the Soil
Adsorption Test
Method described herein.
In yet another example, the polymers of the present invention exhibit an
excess charge
(charge density at pH 4.5) of from about -0.1 meq/g and/or from about -0.05
meq/g and/or from
about -0.02 meq/g and/or from about 0 meq/g and/or to about +0.1 meq/g and/or
to about +0.09
meq/g and/or to about +0.08 meq/g and/or to about +0.06 meq/g and/or to about
+0.05 meq/g
and/or to about +0.02 meq/g as measured according to the Charge Density Test
Method
described herein. In still another example, the polymers of the present
invention exhibit a charge
density of from about -0.1 meq/g to about +0.1 meq/g and/or from -0.05 meq/g
to about +0.1
meq/g and/or from about 0 to less than +0.1 meq/g and/or to less than +0.09
meq/g and/or to less
than +0.08 meq/g and/or to less than +0.06 meq/g and/or to less than +0.05
meq/g as measured
according to the Charge Density Test Method described herein. In one example,
the polymers of
the present invention exhibit an excess charge (charge density) of from about
0 to about 0.1
meq/g. In another example, the polymers of the present invention exhibit an
excess charge
(charge density) of about 0.05 meq/g or less.
In another example, the polymers exhibit a Polydispersity Index of less than
2.5 and/or of
less than 2.0 and/or less than 1.7 and/or less than 1.5 and/or less than 1.3.
In one example, a polymer of the present invention comprises two or more
monomeric
units selected from the group consisting of: a. nonionic monomeric units; b.
anionic monomeric
units; c. cationic monomeric units; d. zwitterionic monomeric units; and e.
mixtures thereof.
The polymers of the present invention may exhibit a Soil Adsorption Value of
at least 38
mg as measured according to the Soil Adsorption Test Method described herein.
In one example, the polymers of the present invention are water-soluble.
a. Nonionic Monomeric Units
The nonionic monomeric units may be selected from the group consisting of:
nonionic
hydrophilic monomeric units, nonionic hydrophobic monomeric units, and
mixtures thereof.
Non-limiting examples of nonionic hydrophilic monomeric units suitable for the
present
invention include nonionic hydrophilic monomeric units derived from nonionic
hydrophilic
monomers selected from the group consisting of: hydroxyalkyl esters of a,[3-
ethy1enica11y
unsaturated acids, such as hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl acrylates and
methacrylates, glyceryl
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monomethacrylate, a,I3-ethy1enica11y unsaturated amides such as acrylamide,
N,N-
dimethylmethacrylamide, N-methylolacrylamide, 0.,13-ethylenically unsaturated
monomers
bearing a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene segment of the poly(ethylene oxide)
type, such as
poly(ethylene oxide) a-methacrylates (BisomamS2OW, S1OW, etc., from Laporte)
or a,w-
dimethacrylates, Sipomerrm BEM from Rhodia (w-behenyl polyoxyethylene
methacrylate),
Sipomer SEM-25 from Rhodia (co-tristyrylphenyl polyoxyethylene methacrylate),
a,f1-
ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are precursors of hydrophilic units
or segments, such
as vinyl acetate, which, once polymerized, can be hydrolyzed in order to give
rise to vinyl
alcohol units or polyvinyl alcohol segments, vinylpyrrolidones, cr,13-
ethylenically unsaturated
monomers of the ureido type, and in particular 2-imidazolidinone-ethyl
rnethacrylamide
(Sipomer WAM II from Rhodia), and mixtures thereof. In one example, the
nonionic
hydrophilic monomeric unit is derived from acrylamide.
Non-limiting examples of nonionic hydrophobic monomeric units suitable for the
present
invention include nonionic hydrophobic monomeric units derived from nonionic
hydrophobic
monomers selected from the group consisting of: vinylaromatic monomers such as
styrene,
alpha-methylstyrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl halides or vinylidene halides, such
as vinyl chloride,
vinylidene chloride, CI-C.12 alkylesters of a,13-monoethylenically unsaturated
acids such as
methyl, ethyl or butyl acrylates and methacrylates, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate,
vinyl esters or allyl
esters of saturated carboxylic acids, such as vinyl or allyl acetates,
propionates, versatates,
stearates, a,13-monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles containing from 3 to 12
carbon atoms, such
as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, a-olefins such as ethylene, conjugated
dienes, such as
butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, and mixtures thereof.
b. Anionic Monomeric Units
Non-limiting examples of anionic monomeric units suitable for the present
invention
include anionic monomeric units derived from anionic monomers selected from
the group
consisting of: monomers having at least one carboxylic function, for instance
a,11-ethylenically
unsaturated carboxylic acids or the corresponding anhydrides, such as acrylic,
methacrylic or
maleic acids or anhydrides, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, N-methacroylalanine,
N-acryloylglycine,
and their water-soluble salts, monomers that are precursors of carboxylate
functions, such as tert-
butyl acrylate, which, after polymerization, give rise to carboxylic functions
by hydrolysis,
monomers having at least one sulfate or sulfonate function, such as 2-
sulfooxyethyl methacrylate,
vinylbenzene sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane
sulfonic acid
(AMPS), sulfoethyl acrylate or methacrylate, sulfopropyl acrylate or
methacrylate, and their
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water-soluble salts, monomers having at least one phosphonate or phosphate
function, such as
vinylphosphonic acid, etc., the esters of ethylenically unsaturated
phosphates, such as the
phosphates derived from hydroxyethyl methacrylate (Empicryl 6835 from Rhodia)
and those
derived from polyoxyalkylene methacrylates, and their water-soluble salts, and
2-carboxyethyl
acrylate (CEA), and mixtures thereof. In one example, the anionic monomeric
unit is derived
from an anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of: acrylic acid,
AMPS, CEA, and
mixtures thereof. In another example, the anionic monomeric unit is derived
from acrylic acid.
c. Cationic Monomeric Units
Non-limiting examples of cationic monomeric units suitable for the present
invention
include cationic monomeric units derived from cationic monomers selected from
the group
consisting of:
N,N-(dialkylamino-w-alkyl)amides of a,[3-monoethylenically unsaturated
carboxylic acids, such as N,N-dimethylaminomethylacrylamide or -
methacrylamide, 2-(N,N-
dimethylamino)ethylacrylamide or -methacrylamide, 3-(N,N-
dimethylamino)propylacrylamide
or -methacrylamide, and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)butylacrylamide or -
methacrylamide, a,[3-
monoethylenically unsaturated amino esters such as 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl
acrylate (DMAA),
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAM), 3-(dimethylamino)propyl
methacrylate, 2-(tert-
butylamino)ethyl methacrylate, 2-(dipentylamino)ethyl methacrylate, and
2(diethylamino)ethyl
methacrylate, vinylpyridines, vinylamine, vinylimidazolines, monomers that are
precursors of
amine functions such as N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, which give rise to
primary amine
functions by simple acid or base hydrolysis, acryloyl- or acryloyloxyammonium
monomers such
as trimethylammonium propyl methacrylate chloride, trimethylammonium
ethylacrylamide or -
methacrylamide chloride or bromide, trimethylammonium butylacrylamide or -
methacrylamide
methyl sulfate, trimethylammonium propylmethacrylamide methyl sulfate, (3-
methacrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC),
(3-
methacrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium methyl sulphate (MAPTA-MES), (3-
acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC),
methacryloyloxyethyl-
trimethylammonium chloride or methyl sulfate, and
acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium
chloride; 1-ethy1-2-vinylpyridinium or 1-ethy1-4-vinylpyridinium bromide,
chloride or methyl
sulfate; N,N-dialkyldiallylamine monomers such as N,N-dimethyldiallylammonium
chloride
(DADMAC); polyquaternary monomers such as dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide
chloride
and N-(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium (DIQUAT or DQ) and 2-hydroxy-
N1-(3-
(2((3-
methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammino)-acetamido)propy1)-N1, N1, N3, N3, N3 -
pentamethylpropane-1,3-diaminium chloride (TRIQUAT or TQ), and mixtures
thereof. In one
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example, the cationic monomeric unit comprises a quaternary ammonium monomeric
unit, for
example a monoquatemary ammonium monomeric unit, a diquaternary ammonium
monomeric
unit and a triquaternary monomeric unit. In one example, the cationic
monomeric unit is derived
from MAPTAC. In another example, the cationic monomeric unit is derived from
DADMAC.
5 In still another example, the cationic monomeric unit is derived from TQ.
In one example, the cationic monomeric units are derived from cationic
monomers
selected from the group consisting of: dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate,
dimethylaminopropyl
(meth)acrylate, di-tert-butylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate, dimethylaminomethyl
(meth)acrylamide,
dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acryl amide, ethylenimine, vinylamine, 2-
vinylpyridine , 4-
1 0 vinylpyridine and vinyl imidazole, and mixtures thereof.
In another example, the cationic monomeric units are derived from cationic
monomers
selected from the group consisting of: trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate
bromide,
chloride or methyl sulfate, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate bromide,
chloride or methyl
sulfate, trimethylammonium ethyl (meth)acrylate bromide, chloride or methyl
sulfate,
dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate benzyl chloride, 4-benzoylbenzyl
dimethylammoniumethyl
(meth)acrylate bromide, chloride or methyl sulfateõ trimethylammonium ethyl
(meth)acrylamido
bromide, chloride, or methyl sulfate, trimethylammonium propyl
(meth)acrylamido braomide,
chloride, or methyl sulfate, vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, chloride
or methyl
sulfate, diallyldimethyl ammonium chlorideõ 1-ethyl-2-vinylpyridinium bromide,
chloride or
methyl sulfate, 4-vinylpyridinium bromide, chloride or methyl sulfate, and
mixtures thereof.
d. Zwitterionic Monomeric Units
Non-limiting examples of zwitterionic monomeric units suitable for the present
invention
include zwitterionic monomeric units derived from zwitterionic monomers
selected from the
group consisting of: sulfobetaine monomers, such as sulfopropyl
dimethylammonium ethyl
methacrylate (SPE from Raschig), sulfopropyldimethylammonium
propylmethacrylamide (SPP
from Raschig), and sulfopropy1-2-vinylpyridinium (SPV from Raschig), 3 -((3-
methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammonio)prop ane- 1- sulfonate (SZ),
phosphobetaine monomers,
such as phosphatoethyl trimethylammonium ethyl methacrylate, carboxybetaine
monomers, N-
(carboxymethyl)-3-methacrylamido-N,N-dimethlpropan-1-aminium chloride (CZ),.
In one
example, the zwitterionic monomeric unit is derived from CZ, SZ, and mixtures
thereof.
In one example, a polymer of the present invention may comprise at least one
monomeric
unit selected from groups a (nonionic monomeric units) and b (anionic
monomeric units) and at
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least one monomeric unit selected from groups c (cationic monomeric units) and
d (zwitterionic
monomeric units).
In one example, the polymer comprises at least 69.9% wt and/or at least 70% wt
and/or at
least 75% wt and/or at least 80% wt and/or at least 85% wt and/or at least 90%
wt and/or at least
95% wt and/or at least 98% wt and/or at least 99% wt and/or at least 99.5% wt
of a monomeric
unit from group a. The balance of the polymer (no more than 30.1% wt and/or no
more than
30% wt and/or no more than 25% wt and/or no more than 20% wt and/or no more
than 15% wt
and/or no more than 10% wt and/or no more than 5% wt and/or no more than 2% wt
and/or no
more than 1% wt and/or no more than 0.5% wt total) comprises one or more
monomeric units
selected from groups b, c, and d. In one example, the polymer comprises from
about 70% to
about 99.5% wt of a monomeric unit from group a, from about 0.1% to about 10%
wt of a
monomeric unit from group b, and from about 0.3% to about 29% wt of a
monomeric unit from
group c. In still another example, the polymer comprises from about 70% to
about 99.5% wt of a
monomeric unit from group a, from about 0.5% to about 30% wt combined of
monomeric units
from groups b and c.
In one example, the polymer comprises from about 70% to about 99.5% wt of a
monomeric unit from group a, from about 0.1% to about 10% wt of a monomeric
unit from group
b, and from about 0.3% to about 29% wt of a monomeric unit from group d. In
still another
example, the polymer comprises from about 70% to about 99.5% wt of a monomeric
unit from
group a, from about 0.5% to about 30% wt combined of monomeric units from
groups b and d.
In one example, the polymer comprises from about 70% to about 99.5% wt of a
monomeric unit from group a, and the balance to 100% comprising from about
0.2% to about
29% wt of a monomeric unit from group c, and from about 0.3% to about 29% wt
of a
monomeric unit from group d. In still another example, the polymer comprises
from about 70%
to about 99.5% wt of a monomeric unit from group a, from about 0.5% to about
30% wt
combined of monomeric units from groups c and d.
In one example, the polymer comprises at least 0.1% wt and/or at least 1%
and/or at least
5% wt and/or at least 7% wt and/or at least 10% wt and/or to about 25% wt
and/or to about 20%
wt and/or to about 15% wt of a monomeric unit from group b.
In one example, polymer comprises at least 0.1% wt and/or at least 0.3% wt
and/or at
least 1% and/or at least 5% wt and/or at least 7% wt and/or at least 10% wt
and/or to about 75%
wt and/or to about 70% wt and/or to about 65% wt and/or to about 55% wt and/or
to about 40%
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12
wt and/or to about 30% wt and/or to about 25% wt and/or to about 20% wt and/or
to about 15%
wt of a monomeric unit from group c.
In one example, polymer comprises at least 0.1% wt and/or at least 0.3% wt
and/or at
least 0.5% and/or at least 1% and/or at least 5% wt and/or at least 7% wt
and/or at least 10% wt
and/or to about 75% wt and/or to about 70% wt and/or to about 65% wt and/or to
about 55% wt
and/or to about 40% wt and/or to about 30% wt and/or to about 25% wt and/or to
about 20% wt
and/or to about 15% wt of a monomeric unit from group d.
In another example, the polymer comprises no more than 30.1% wt of a monomeric
unit
selected from the group consisting of: group b, group c, group d, and mixtures
thereof.
In one example, the polymer may comprise a monomeric unit from group a and a
monomeric unit from group b.
In one example, the polymer may comprise a monomeric unit from group a and a
monomeric unit from group c.
In another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric unit
from group a and a monomeric unit from group d.
In still another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric
unit from group b and a monomeric unit from group c.
In still another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric
unit from group b and a monomeric unit from group d.
In still another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric
unit from group c and a monomeric unit from group d.
In yet another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric
unit from group a, a monomeric unit from group b, and a monomeric unit from
group c.
In even another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric unit from group a, a monomeric unit from group b, and a monomeric
unit from group
d.
In yet another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric
unit from group a, a monomeric unit from group c, and a monomeric unit from
group d.
In another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise a
monomeric unit
from group b, a monomeric unit from group c, and a monomeric unit from group
d.
In even yet another example, the polymer of the present invention may comprise
a
monomeric unit from group a, a monomeric unit from group b, a monomeric unit
from group c
and a monomeric unit from group d.
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13
In one example, when present in the polymer, the monomeric unit from group b
and the
monomeric unit from group c are present in the polymer at a molar ratio of
from about 3:1 to 1:3
and/or from about 2:1 to 1:2 and/or from about 1.3:1 to 1:1.3 and/or about 1:1
or less or about 1:1
or more.
In another example, when present in the polymer, the monomeric unit from group
b and
the monomeric unit from group d are present in the polymer at a molar ratio of
from about 3:1 to
1:3 and/or from about 2:1 to 1:2 and/or from about 1.3:1 to 1:1.3 and/or about
1:1 or less or about
1:1 or more.
In another example, when present in the polymer, the monomeric unit from group
c and
the monomeric unit from group d are present in the polymer at a molar ratio of
from about 3:1 to
1:3 and/or from about 2:1 to 1:2 and/or from about 1.3:1 to 1:1.3 and/or about
1:1 or less or about
1:1 or more.
In still another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group a
and a
monomeric unit from group c. For example, the polymer may comprise an
acrylamide
monomeric unit and a quaternary ammonium monomeric unit. The quaternary
monomeric unit
may be selected from the group consisting of: monoquaternary ammonium
monomeric units,
diquaternary ammonium monomeric units, and triquaternary ammonium monomeric
units. In one
example, the polymer may comprise at least 69.9% wt of the monomeric unit from
group a and
no more than 30.1% wt of the monomeric unit from group c.
In still another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group a
and a
monomeric unit from group b. For example, the polymer may comprise an
acrylamide
monomeric unit and an acrylic acid monomeric unit. In one example, the polymer
may comprise
at least 69.9% wt of the monomeric unit from group a and no more than 30.1% wt
of the
monomeric unit from group b.
In yet another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group b
and a
monomeric unit from group c. For example, the polymer may comprise an anionic
monomeric
unit derived from an anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of:
acrylic acid,
methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, carboxyethyl
acrylate, and
mixtures thereof and a quaternary ammonium monomeric unit. The quaternary
ammonium
monomeric unit may be derived from a quaternary monomer selected from the
group consisting
of: monoquaternary ammonium monomeric units, diquaternary ammonium monomeric
units,
triquaternary ammonium monomeric units, and mixtures thereof. In one example,
the polymer
comprises an anionic monomeric unit derived from acrylic acid and a quaternary
ammonium
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14
monomeric unit derived from MAPTAC. In one example, the polymer may comprise
no more
than 25% wt of the monomeric unit from group b and no more than 75% wt of the
monomeric
unit from group c.
In even yet another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group
a and a
monomeric unit from group b and a monomer unit from group c. For example, the
polymer may
comprise an acrylamide monomeric unit, and an anionic monomeric unit derived
from an anionic
monomer selected from the group consisting of: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,
2-acrylamido-2-
methylpropane sulfonic acid, carboxyethyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof and a
quaternary
ammonium monomeric unit. The quaternary ammonium monomeric unit may be derived
from a
quaternary monomer selected from the group consisting of: monoquaternary
ammonium
monomeric units, diquaternary ammonium monomeric units, triquaternary ammonium
monomeric units, and mixtures thereof. In one example, the polymer comprises a
nonionic
monomeric unit derived from acrylamide, an anionic monomeric unit derived from
acrylic acid,
and a cationic monomeric unit derived from MAPTAC. In another example, the
polymer
comprises a nonionic monomeric unit derived from acrylamide, an anionic
monomeric unit
derived from acrylic acid, and a cationic monomeric unit derived from DADMAC.
In still
another example, the polymer comprises a nonionic monomeric unit derived from
acrylamide, an
anionic monomeric unit derived from acrylic acid, and a cationic monomeric
unit derived from
TQ. In another example, the polymer comprises a nonionic monomeric unit
derived from
acrylamide, an anionic monomeric unit derived from CEA, and a cationic
monomeric unit
derived from MAPTAC. In still another example, the polymer comprises a
nonionic monomeric
unit derived from acrylamide, an anionic monomeric unit derived from AMPS, and
a cationic
monomeric unit derived from MAPTAC. In one example, the polymer may comprise
at least
69.9% wt of the monomeric unit from group a and no more than 30.1% wt combined
of the
monomeric units from groups b and c. In another example, the polymer may
comprise from
about 70% to about 99.5% wt of the monomeric unit from group a, from 0.1% to
about 30% wt
of the monomeric unit from group b, and from about 0.1% to about 30% wt of the
monomeric
unit from group c. In still another example, the polymer may comprise from
about 70% to about
99.5% wt of the monomeric unit from group a and from about 0.5% to 30% wt
combined of the
monomeric units from groups b and c.
In even still yet another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from
group a
and a monomeric unit from group c and a monomer unit from group d. For
example, the polymer
may comprise an acrylamide monomeric unit, a quaternary ammonium monomeric
unit, and a
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zwitterionic monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of: CZ, SZ, and
mixtures
thereof. The quaternary ammonium monomeric unit may be derived from a
quaternary monomer
selected from the group consisting of: monoquatemary ammonium monomeric units,
diquatemary ammonium monomeric units, triquaternary ammonium monomeric units,
and
5 mixtures thereof. In one example, the polymer comprises a nonionic
monomeric unit derived
from acrylamide, a cationic monomeric unit derived from MAPTAC, and a
zwitterionic
monomeric unit derived from CZ. In another example, the polymer comprises a
nonionic
monomeric unit derived from acrylamide, a cationic monomeric unit derived from
MAPTAC,
and a zwitterionic monomeric unit derived from SZ. In one example, the polymer
may comprise
10 at least 69.9% wt of the monomeric unit from group a and no more than
30.1% wt combined of
the monomeric units from groups c and d. In another example, the polymer may
comprise from
about 70% to about 99.5% wt of the monomeric unit from group a, from 0.1% to
about 30% wt
of the monomeric unit from group c, and from about 0.1% to about 30% wt of the
monomeric
unit from group d. In still another example, the polymer may comprise from
about 70% to about
15 99.5% wt of the monomeric unit from group a and from about 0.5% to 30%
wt combined of the
monomeric units from groups c and d.
In even yet another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group
a and a
monomeric unit from group b and a monomer unit from group d. For example, the
polymer may
comprise an acrylamide monomeric unit, and an anionic monomeric unit derived
from an anionic
monomer selected from the group consisting of: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid,
2-acrylamido-2-
methylpropane sulfonic acid, carboxyethyl acrylate, and mixtures thereof and a
zwitterionic
monomeric unit selected from the group consisting of: CZ, SZ, and mixtures
thereof. In one
example, the polymer comprises a nonionic monomeric unit derived from
acrylamide, an anionic
monomeric unit derived from acrylic acid, and zwitterionic monomeric unit
derived from CZ. In
another example, the polymer comprises a nonionic monomeric unit derived from
acrylamide, an
anionic monomeric unit derived from acrylic acid, and a zwitterionic monomeric
unit derived
from SZ. In one example, the polymer may comprise at least 69.9% wt of the
monomeric unit
from group a and no more than 30.1% wt combined of the monomeric units from
groups b and d.
In another example, the polymer may comprise from about 70% to about 99.5% wt
of the
monomeric unit from group a, from 0.1% to about 30% wt of the monomeric unit
from group b,
and from about 0.1% to about 30% wt of the monomeric unit from group d. In
still another
example, the polymer may comprise from about 70% to about 99.5% wt of the
monomeric unit
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16
from group a and from about 0.5% to 30% wt combined of the monomeric units
from groups b
and d.
In even yet another example, the polymer comprises a monomeric unit from group
a and a
monomeric unit from group d. For example, the polymer may comprise an
acrylamide
monomeric unit, and a zwitterionic monomeric unit selected from the group
consisting of: CZ,
SZ, and mixtures thereof. In one example, the polymer comprises a nonionic
monomeric unit
derived from acrylamide and zwitterionic monomeric unit derived from CZ. In
another example,
the polymer comprises a nonionic monomeric unit derived from acrylamide and a
zwitterionic
monomeric unit derived from SZ. In one example, the polymer may comprise at
least 69.9% wt
of the monomeric unit from group a and no more than 30.1% wt of the monomeric
unit from
group d. In another example, the polymer may comprise from about 70% to about
99.5% wt of
the monomeric unit from group a, from 0.5% to about 30% wt of the monomeric
unit from group
d.
In one example, the polymer of the present invention comprises a nonionic
hydrophilic
monomeric unit. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydrophilic monomeric units
are derived
from nonionic hydrophilic monomers selected from the group consisting of:
hydroxyalkyl esters
of a,(3-ethylenically unsaturated acids, a,(3-ethylenically unsaturated
amides, a,(3-ethylenically
unsaturated monoalkyl amides, a,(3-ethylenically unsaturated dialkyl amides,
a,(3-ethylenically
unsaturated monomers bearing a water-soluble polyoxyalkylene segment of the
poly(ethylene
oxide) type, a,[3-ethylenically unsaturated monomers which are precursors of
hydrophilic units or
segments, vinylpyrrolidones, a,13-ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the
ureido type, and
mixtures thereof. In one example, the nonionic hydrophilic monomeric unit is
derived from
acrylamide.
In another example, the polymer of the present invention comprises a nonionic
hydrophobic monomeric unit. Non-limiting examples of suitable nonionic
hydrophobic
monomeric units are derived from nonionic hydrophobic monomers selected from
the group
consisting of: vinylaromatic monomers, vinyl halides, vinylidene halides, C1-
C12 alkylesters of
a,[3-monoethylenically unsaturated acids, vinyl esters of saturated carboxylic
acids, allyl esters of
saturated carboxylic acids, a,[3-monoethylenically unsaturated nitriles
containing from 3 to 12
carbon atoms, a-olefins, conjugated dienes, and mixtures thereof.
In one example, the polymer comprises an anionic monomeric unit. Non-limiting
examples of suitable anionic monomeric units are derived from anionic monomers
selected from
the group consisting of: monomers having at least one carboxylic function, for
instance a,[3-
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17
ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or the corresponding anhydrides,
monomers that are
precursors of carboxylate functions, monomers having at least one sulfate or
sulfonate function,
monomers having at least one phosphonate or phosphate function, esters of
ethylenically
unsaturated phosphates, and mixtures thereof. In one example, the anionic
monomeric unit is
derived from an anionic monomer selected from the group consisting of: acrylic
acid,
methacrylic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, carboxyethyl
acrylate, and
mixtures thereof.
In one example, the polymer comprises a cationic monomeric unit. Non-limiting
examples of suitable cationic monomeric units are derived from cationic
monomers selected from
the group consisting of: acryloyl- or
acryloyloxyammonium monomers, 1-ethyl-2-
vinylpyridinium or 1-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide, chloride or methyl
sulfate, N,N-
dialkyldiallylamine monomers, polyquatemary monomers, N,N-(dialkylamino-co-
alkyl)amides of
a,13-monoethy1enica11y unsaturated carboxylic acids, a,3-monoethylenically
unsaturated amino
esters, vinylpyridines, vinylamine, vinylimidazolines, monomers that are
precursors of amine
functions which give rise to primary amine functions by simple acid or base
hydrolysis, and
mixtures thereof. In one example, the cationic monomeric unit is derived from
MAPTAC. In
another example, the cationic monomeric unit is derived from DADMAC. In still
another
example, the cationic monomeric unit is derived from 2-hydroxy-N1-(3-(2((3-
methacrylamidopropyl)dimethylammino)-acetamido)propy1)-NI, NI, N3, N3, N3
pentamethylpropane-1,3-diaminium chloride.
Process for Making Polymers
The polymers of the present invention may be made by any suitable process
known in the
art. For example, the polymer may be made by radical polymerization.
The polymers of the present invention can be made by a wide variety of
techniques,
including hulk, solution, emulsion, or suspension polymerization.
Polymerization methods and
techniques for polymerization are described generally in Encyclopedia of
Polymer Science and
Technology, Interscience Publishers (New York), Vol. 7, pp. 361-431 (1967),
and Kirk-Othmer
Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, Vol 18, pp. 740-744, John
Wiley & Sons
(New York), 1982, See also
Sorenson, W. P. and
Campbell, T. W., Preparative Methods of Polymer Chemistry. 2nd edition,
Interscience
Publishers (New York), 1968, pp. 248-251, for
general reaction
techniques suitable for the present invention. In one exaniple, the polymers
are made by free
radical copolymerization, using water soluble initiators. Suitable free
radical initiators include,
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but are not limited to, thermal initiators, redox couples, and photochemical
initiators. Redox and
photochemical initiators may be used for polymerization processes initiated at
temperatures
below about 30 C (86 F). Such initiators are described generally in Kirk-
Othmer Encyclopedia
of Chemical Technology, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons (New York), Vol. 13,
pp. 355- 373
(1981). Typical water soluble initiators that can provide
radicals at 30 C or below include redox couples, such as potassium
persulfate/silver nitrate, and
ascorbic acid/hydrogen peroxide. In one example, the method utilizes thermal
initiators in
polymerization processes conducted above 40 C (104'F). Water soluble
initiators that can
provide radicals at 40 C ( l04 F) or higher can be used. These include, but
are not limited to,
hydrogen peroxide, ammonium persulfate, and 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane)
dihydrochloride.
In one example, water soluble starting monomers are polymerized in an aqueous
alcohol solvent
at 60 C (140 F) using 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride as the
initiator. The
solvent should typically contain at least about 10% by volume, of alcohol in
order to prevent the
polymerization reaction medium from gelling. Suitable alcohols for use in such
reaction include
low molecular weight alcohols such as, but not limited to, methanol, ethanol,
isopropanol, and
butanol.
Another technique is a solution polymerization as described in U.S. Pat. No.
3,317,370,
Keldsh, issued May 2, 1967 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,410,828, Kekish, issued Nov.
12, 1968,
According to such process, the acrolein, or other aldehydic
monomer, is copolymerized with a non-nucleophilic, water soluble, nitrogen-
heterocyclic
polymerizable monomer and a redox initiator system. The copolymer is then made
cationic by
reacting the copolymer with a water soluble amine or amine quaternary. Amines,
including
amine quaternaries, that are useful include, but are not limited to, primary,
secondary, and
tertiary amines such as ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene
tetramine, tetraethylene
pentamine, or partial or fully quaternized derivatives of any of the
foregoing, hydrazides and
quaternaries thereof such as betaine hydrazide chloride, N-N-dimethylglycine
hydrazide,
unsymmetrical dimethyl hydrazides, polymers, such as those formed by reaction
of urea and
polyalkylene polyamines. guanidines, biguanides, guanylureas, mono and
polyhydroxy
polyamines and quaternaries thereof, etc. When using this emulsion
copolymerization technique,
it will be necessary to control molecular weight to within the ranges provided
herein.
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In one example, a method for making a polymer according to the present
invention
comprises the steps of:
i. providing two or more monomeric units selected from the group consisting
of:
a. nonionic monomeric units;
b. anionic monomeric units;
c. cationic monomeric units;
d. zwitterionic monomeric units; and
e. mixtures thereof; and
ii. polymerizing the two or more monomeric units such that a polymer that
exhibits a Soil
Adsorption Value of at least 38 mg as measured according to the Soil
Adsorption Test Method
described herein is produced. In one example, the step of polymerizing
comprises the step of
mixing the two or more monomeric units or the monomers from which they are
derived with
water to form a monomer solution and polymerizing the monomers to form a
polymer solution.
The monomer solution and/or polymer solution may be deoxygenated. In addition,
the monomer
solution and/or polymer solution may be subjected (heated) to a temperature of
at least 25 C,
such as 60 C. The temperatures used to make the polymer may be any suitable
temperature so
long as a polymer according to the present invention is produced. The monomer
solution and/or
polymer solution may be subject to such temperature for a time sufficient to
polymerize the
monomeric units into a polymer, for example at least 10 minutes, and/or at
least 18 hours
depending on the reaction conditions. An initiator, such as a free-radical
initiator, may be added
to the monomer solution and/or polymer solution to polymerize the monomeric
units (monomers)
within the monomer solution to produce a polymer of the present invention. The
levels of free
radical initiator(s) used to make the polymer may be any suitable level so
long as a polymer
according to the present invention is produced. The levels of the various
monomeric units
(monomers) used to make the polymer may be any suitable level so long as a
polymer according
to the present invention is produced.
Non-limiting Synthesis Examples
Sample Preparation
Initiator Solution Preparation
10m1 of water is added to a flask along with 1 gram of 2,2' -azobis(2-
methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (available from Wako Chemicals), herein
called V-50.
This solution is sparged with argon gas to remove oxygen.
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Monomer Preparation
Synthesis of
2-Hydroxy-N1-(3-(2-((3 -Methacrylamidopropyl)Dimethyl ammonio)-
Acetamido)Propy1)-N1,N1,N3,N3,N3-Pentamethylprop ane-1,3 -Di aminium Chloride
(Herein
Called TQ)
5 To a
jacketed round bottom flask equipped with mechanical stirrer, gas inlet,
condenser
and thermometer is added 340.6 grams of dimethylamino propyl methacrylamide
(DMAPMA,
available from Sigma-Aldrich), 238.8 grams of methyl chloroacetate (available
from Sigma-
Aldrich), 0.5 g 4-methoxy phenol (available from Sigma-Aldrich), and 423 grams
of methanol
(available from Sigma-Aldrich). The round bottom flask is heated at 70 C for
5 hours. This
10 reaction is cooled to room temperature and then 0.5 grams of 4-methoxy
phenol (available from
Sigma-Aldrich) and 225 grams of dimethylaminoipropylamine (available from
Sigma-Aldrich) is
added evenly over a 2 hour period. After 2 hours the reaction is heated to 65
C for 2 hours after
which methanol is distilled out at 50 C under vacuum. To this is added 690
grams of (3-chloro-
2-hydroxypropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (available as a 60% aqueous
solution from
15 Sigma-Aldrich). The temperature is maintained at 65-70 C for 2 hours.
During these 2 hours
methanol is stripped out and water is added to make a 55% solution in water
based on weight.
The reaction is continued in water at 65-70 C for another hour to yield the
TQ monomer.
Synthesis of 3 -((3 -Methacrylamidopropyl)Dimethylammonio)Propane-1 -
Sulfonate (Herein
Called SZ)
20 Into
a round bottom flask is added 26.4 grams of anhydrous acetonitrile (available
from
Sigma-Aldrich) and 15.5 grams of propane sultone (available from Sigma-
Aldrich), and this is
stirred for 30 minutes. After the 30 minutes, a solution of 25.6 grams of
DMAPMA in 56.5
grams of acetonitrile is added. The mixture is stirred and warmed to 35 C. A
white precipitate
quickly forms. Once the white precipitate takes up the bulk of the volume, the
liquid is decanted.
The solid is washed once with acetonitrile and again the liquid is removed by
decanting. The
solids are then washed in 2x volume diethyl ether. They are then filtered via
funnel and washed
with copious amounts (via filtration) of diethyl ether. The NMR structure is
consistent with the
structure of the target molecule SZ.
Synthesis of N- (Carboxymethyl)-3 -Methacryl amido-N,N-Dimethylprop an-1 -
Aminium Chloride
(Herein Called CZ)
To a round bottom flask is added 16.5 grams of methyl bromoacetate (available
from
Sigma-Aldrich), 74 grams of tetrahydrofuran (THF, available from Sigma-
Aldrich), and 16.5
grams of DMAPMA. The solution is stirred for 16 hours at 25 C, and then the
stirring is
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discontinued. After settling, the top layer of '1'HF is discarded. The lower
layer is washed with
50 mL of hexanes (available from Sigma-Aldrich) twice and becomes a viscous
material. The
material is then dissolved in 15 mL of methanol (available from Sigma-Aldrich)
and precipitated
into 150 mL of diethyl ether (available from Sigma-Aldrich). The precipitate
is washed several
times with diethylether until it becomes a viscous semi-solid. It is then
dried overnight under
high vacuum at room temperature. A small portion is taken for NMR analysis.
The remainder of
the intermediate is placed in a glass desiccator containing calcium chloride
until the next step.
3.3 grams of the intermediate from above is dissolved in 10 mL of deionized
water and
run through a column consisting of 50 mL of Dowex Marathon mhydroxide exchange
resin
(available from VWR Scientific) in a glass column of 2.5 cm diameter at 2.7
mL/min. The
effluent is collected and 13 mL of IN hydrochloric acid (available from Sigma-
Aldrich) is added.
'Ibe water is dried off under vacuum at room temperature. 'lbe sample is then
dried overnight
under high vacuum at room temperature. 'Ibe material is removed from the
vacuum and a small
portion is taken for NMR analysis. 2.71 g of deionized water is added to the
material to form the
finished product CZ which is stored as a solution in water.
Polymer Preparation
Into a reaction vessel are added the monomers in the amounts listed for the
examples in
Table 1 below and 456 g of water. The monomers, acrylatnide (herein called
AAM), acrylic acid
(herein called AA), diallyldimethylammonium chloride (herein called DADMAC), 2-
carboxy
ethyl acrylate (herein called CEA), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
(herein called
AMPS) and [3-(methyacryloylamino)propyl] trimethylammonium chloride (herein
called
MAPTAC), are all available from Sigma Aldrich. MAPTAC is used as a 50% w/w
solution.
TO. SZ and CZ are used as prepared above. The reaction vessel is sparged with
nitrogen to
remove oxygen from the system and a nitrogen atmosphere is maintained in the
vessel. The
reaction vessel and contents are heated to a temperature of 60 C.
Once the contents have reached 60 C, the initiator solution I mL of the V-50
as prepared
above is added as a 10% solution (except for Example 1.17 which used 0.0562 g
of V-50 neat).
'Ibe reaction is kept at 60 C for 48 hours.
The following tables set forth non-limiting examples of polymers of the
present invention
that were made.
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Table 1. Examples: Polymer Construction Data
Ex. AAM AA MAPTAC DADMAC TQ CEA AMPS SZ CZ
(g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g) (g)
1.1 21.60 0.00 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.2 21.60 0.31 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.3 21.60 0.60 1.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.4 21.60 1.20 1.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.5 21.60 1.80 0.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.6 21.59 2.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.7 0.00 6.00 18.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.8 2.41 5.40 16.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.9 7.20 4.20 12.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.10 12.00 3.00 9.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.11 16.79 1.81 5.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.12 19.22 1.20 3.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.13 20.41 0.90 2.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.14 21.61 0.60 1.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.15 22.81 0.31 0.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.16 23.51 0.12 0.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.17 23.75 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.18 23.76 0.06 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.19 23.87 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.20 24.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.21 23.76 0.07 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.22 23.77 0.0285 0.00 0.00 0.212 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.23 23.76 0.00 0.145 0.00 0.00 0.0939 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.24 23.76 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.00 0.00
1.25 23.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.252 0.00
1.26 23.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.240
1.27 23.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.479
1.28 23.76 0.00 0.003 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.240
1.29 23.76 0.002 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.240
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Table 2. Examples: Polymer Solution Data
Ex. Mass Composition of Monomers Solids Polymer Polymer Conc.
(%) Solution Solution (%)
(g) + Water
(g)
2.1 90% AAM, 10% MAPTAC 5.44 0.4253 115.68 0.02
2.2 90% AAM, 1.3% AA, 8.7% MAPTAC 5.41 0.3927 106.24 0.02
2.3 90% AAM, 2.5% AA, 7.5% MAPTAC 5.45 0.4013 109.34 0.02
2.4 90% AAM, 5% AA, 5% MAPTAC 5.43 0.3974 107.89 0.02
2.5 90% AAM, 7.5% AA, 2.5% MAPTAC 5.42 0.7522 203.84 0.02
2.6 90% AAM, 10% AA 5.42 0.3985 108.00 0.02
2.7 25% AA, 75% MAPTAC 5.25 0.3823 100.36 0.02
2.8 10% AAM, 22.5% AA, 67.5% MAPTAC 5.24
0.3788 99.27 0.02
2.9 30% AAM, 17.5% AA, 52.5% MAPTAC 5.26
0.3979 104.64 0.02
2.10 50% AAM, 12.5% AA, 37.5% MAPTAC 5.36 0.3692 98.95 0.02
2.11 69.9% AAM, 7.5% AA, 22.6% 5.30 0.3810 100.97 0.02
MAPTAC
2.12 80% AAM, 5% AA,15 % MAPTAC 5.31 0.3899 103.53 0.02
2.13 85% AAM, 3.7% AA,11.3 % MAPTAC 5.30
0.4403 116.69 0.02
2.14 90% AAM, 2.5% AA, 7.5% MAPTAC 5.26 0.3800 99.93 0.02
2.15 94.9% AAM, 1.3% AA, 3.8% MAPTAC 5.34 0.3982 106.34 0.02
2.16 98% AAM, 0.5% AA, 1.5% MAPTAC 2.54 0.7969 101.21 0.02
2.17 99% AAM, 0.25% AA, 0.75% MAPTAC 2.56 0.7944 101.68 0.02
2.18 99% AAM, 0.25% AA, 0.75% MAPTAC 5.32 0.3751 100.49 0.02
2.19 99.5% AAM, 0.125% AA, 0.375% 2.57 0.7850 100.89 0.02
MAPTAC
2.20 100% AAM (Comparative Example) 5.23 0.3979 104.02
0.02
2.21 99% AAM, 0.3% AA, 0.7% DADMAC 5.40 0.3876 104.70 0.02
2.22 99% AAM, 0.12% AA, 0.88% TQ 5.16 3.8100 980.46 0.02
2.23 99.01% AAM, 0.39% CEA, 0.6% 5.27 0.3914 103.13 0.02
MAPTAC
2.24 99% AAM, 0.5% AMPS, 0.5% 5.40 0.3823 103.22 0.02
MAPTAC
2.25 98.95% AAM, 1.05% SZ 5.29 0.3791 100.25 0.02
2.26 99% AAM, 1% CZ 5.28 0.4004 105.73 0.02
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2.27 98% AAM, 2% CZ 5.13 0.4055 104.15 0.02
2.28 98.99% AAM, 0.01% MAPTAC, 1% CZ 5.15 0.5177 133.36 0.02
2.29 98.99% AAM, 0.01% AA, 1% CZ 5.14 0.5941 152.90 0.02
2.30 Mirapol HSC300 (Comparative 20.81 0.1378 143.38 0.02
Example)
2.31 Deionized Water (Control)
Table 3. Examples: Substrate Data
Ex. Substrate Minimum gsm for 3 Maximum gsm for 3
inch x 4 inch Specimen inch x 4 inch Specimen
3.A Scott Paper Towel 39.5 40.7
3.B Bounty Paper Towel 47.7 50.6
3.0 Viva Paper Towel 65.1 67.8
3.D Bounty Quilted Napkins 87.4 91.6
3.E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 48.8 58.9
3.F Swiffer WetJet Pad 189.6 222.2
3.G Clorox Ready Mop 82.5 98.0
3.H 0-Ce1-0 Sponge 59.4 89.3
3.1 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 47.1 50.5
3.J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 53.7 60.8
3.K Mr. Clean Wipe 46.2 57.7
3.L Windex Original Wipe 60.1 62.9
3.M Pampers Baby Wipe 46.2 54.6
3.N Huggies Baby Wipe 59.4 71.7
3.0 Clorox Handi Wipe 40.7 50.1
3.P Shout Color Catcher 60.8 69.0
3.Q VWR Cheesecloth 113.7 124.3
3.R VWR Cotton Pad 110.1 125.3
3.S Mainstays Flour Sack 109.8 123.2
3.T Handsheet 19 33
Table 4. Test Results
Ex. Mass Composition of Monomers Mn PDI Soil St % St
Adsor Dev Soil Dev
ption (mg Retai (%)
Value ) nedav
(mg) g (%)
4.1 90% AAM, 10% MAPTAC 1,211,000 1.240 41 1 23 1
4.2 90% AAM, 1.3% AA, 8.7% MAPTAC 948,200 1.239 42 6
24 3
4.3 90% AAM, 2.5% AA, 7.5% MAPTAC 852,500 1.351 47 2
26 1
4.4 90% AAM, 5% AA, 5% MAPTAC 753,500 1.402 40 3 23 2
4.5 90% AAM, 7.5% AA, 2.5% MAPTAC 970,300 1.271 43 3
24 2
4.6 90% AAM, 10% AA 1,021,000 1.222 46 1 26 0
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4.7 25% AA, 75% MAPTAC 201,500 1.823 44 3 24 2
4.8 10% AAM, 22.5% AA, 67.5% 226,400 1.712 32 1 18 1
MAPTAC (Comparative Example)
4.9 30% AAM, 17.5% AA, 52.5% 311,800 1.604 32 2 18 1
MAPTAC (Comparative Example)
4.10 50% AAM, 12.5% AA, 37.5% 583,800 1.406 34 3 19 2
MAPTAC (Comparative Example)
4.11 69.9% AAM, 7.5% AA, 22.6% 38 1 21 1
MAPTAC
4.12 80% AAM, 5% AA, 15% MAPTAC 821,000 1.269 40 1 23 1
4.13 85% AAM, 3.7% AA, 11.3% 865,600 1.241 44 3 25 2
MAPTAC
4.14 90% AAM, 2.5% AA, 7.5% MAPTAC 45 0 25 0
4.15 94.9% AAM, 1.3% AA, 3.8% 927,100 1.222 53 3 30 1
MAPTAC
4.16 98% AAM, 0.5% AA, 1.5% MAPTAC 55 3 31 2
4.17 99% AAM, 0.25% AA, 0.75% 858,100 1.302 57 3 32 2
MAPTAC
4.18 99% AAM, 0.25% AA, 0.75% 814,200 1.293 57 5 32 3
MAPTAC
4.19 99.5% AAM, 0.125% AA, 0.375% 1,212,000 1.285 65 3 36 2
MAPTAC
4.20 100% AAM (Comparative Example) 1,116,600 1.204 40 3 22 2
4.21 99% AAM, 0.3% AA, 0.7% 520,400 1.432 53 4 30 2
DADMAC
4.22 99% AAM, 0.12% AA, 0.88% TQ 1,050,000 1.165 54 2 30 1
4.23 99.01% AAM, 0.39% CEA, 0.6% 791,200 1.219 61 4 34 2
MAPTAC
4.24 99% AAM, 0.5% AMPS, 0.5% 644,400 1.579 59 2 33 1
MAPTAC
4.25 98.95% AAM, 1.05% SZ 542,800 1.566 54 4 30 2
4.26 99% AAM, 1% CZ 862,700 1.269 57 3 32 1
4.27 98% AAM, 2% CZ 62 2 35 1
4.28 98.99% AAM, 0.01% MAPTAC, 1% 60 4 33 2
CZ
4.29 98.99% AAM, 0.01% AA, 1% CZ 60 2 33 1
4.30 Mirapol HSC300 (Comparative 34 3 19 1
Example)
4.31 Deionized Water (Control) 20 4 11 2
* Mirapol HSC 300 was obtained from Rhodia S. A. (Paris, France).
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Table 5. Test Results (Soil Adsorption Values for an Article or a Portion of
an Article)
Ex. Mass Substrate Soil St Dev % Soil St
Composition of Adsorption (mg) Retainedõ
Dev
Monomers Value (%) (%)
(mg)
5.18A 99% AAM, Scott Paper Towel 99 3 56 2
5.18B 0.25% AA, Bounty Paper Towel 152 4 85 2
5.18C 0.75% Viva Paper Towel 123 9 69 5
5.18D MAPTAC Bounty Quilted 154 8 86 4
Napkins
5.18E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 171 2 96 1
5.18F Swiffer WetJet Pad 91 12 51 7
5.180 Clorox Ready Mop 145 17 81 10
5.18H 0-Ce1-0 Sponge 76 8 43 4
5.181 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 122 11 68 6
5.18J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 157 4 88 2
5.18K Mr. Clean Wipe 159 2 89 1
5.18L Windex Original Wipe 113 10 63 5
5.18M Pampers Baby Wipe 127 5 71 3
5.18N Huggies Baby Wipe 143 6 80 3
5.180 Clorox Handi Wipe 167 1 94 1
5.18P Shout Color Catcher 71 5 40 3
5.18Q VWR Cheesecloth 107 7 60 4
5.18R VWR Cotton Pad 151 6 85 3
5.18S Mainstays Flour Sack 74 8 41 4
5.22A 99% AAM, Scott Paper Towel 96 5 54 3
5.22B 0.12% AA, Bounty Paper Towel 160 5 90 3
5.22C 0.88% TQ Viva Paper Towel 115 5 65 3
5.22D Bounty Quilted 155 6 87 4
Napkins
5.22E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 172 1 97 0
5.22F Swiffer WetJet Pad 81 4 46 2
5.220 Clorox Ready Mop 136 11 76 6
5.22H 0-Ce1-0-Sponge 109 9 61 5
5.221 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 113 3 63 1
5.22J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 157 1 88 1
5.22K Mr. Clean Wipe 161 2 90 1
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5.22L Windex Original Wipe 90 10 50 6
5.22M Pampers Baby Wipe 134 3 75 2
5.22N Huggies Baby Wipe 139 4 78 2
5.220 Clorox Handi Wipe 163 5 91 3
5.22P Shout Color Catcher 113 6 64 3
5.22Q VWR Cheesecloth 78 1 44 1
5.22R VWR Cotton Pad 151 3 85 2
5.22S Mainstays Flour Sack 50 6 28 4
5.20A 100% AAM Scott Paper Towel 81 1 45 1
5.20B (Comparative Bounty Paper Towel 111 2 62
1
5.20C Examples) Viva Paper Towel 88 4 49 2
5.20D Bounty Quilted 129 7 72 4
Napkins
5.20E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 134 7 75 4
5.20F Swiffer WetJet Pad 72 3 40 2
5.200 Clorox Ready Mop 109 7 61 4
5.20H 0-Ce1-0 Sponge 68 3 38 2
5.201 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 126 6 71 3
5.20J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 155 1 87 1
5.20K Mr. Clean Wipe 150 2 84 1
5.20L Windex Original Wipe 61 2 34 1
5.20M Pampers Baby Wipe 77 4 43 2
5.20N Huggies Baby Wipe 108 4 61 2
5.200 Clorox Handi Wipe 118 2 66 1
5.20P Shout Color Catcher 72 5 40 3
5.20Q VWR Cheesecloth 68 7 38 4
5.20R VWR Cotton Pad 104 7 59 4
5.20S Mainstays Flour Sack 74 7 42 4
5.30A Mirapol HSC Scott Paper Towel 67 5 38 3
5.30B 300* Bounty Paper Towel 113 9 63 5
5.30C (Comparative Viva Paper Towel 67 1 38 1
5.30D Examples) Bounty Quilted 114 4 64 2
Napkins
5.30E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 131 6 74 3
5.30F Swiffer WetJet Pad 60 5 34 3
5.300 Clorox Ready Mop 89 3 50 2
5.30H 0-Ce1-0 Sponge 46 5 26 3
5.301 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 97 8 54 5
5.30J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 110 6 62 4
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5.30K Mr. Clean Wipe 152 5 85 3
5.30L Windex Original Wipe 69 2 39 1
5.30M Pampers Baby Wipe 69 5 39 3
5.30N Huggies Baby Wipe 96 5 54 3
5.300 Clorox Handi Wipe 61 4 34 2
5.30P Shout Color Catcher 67 9 37 5
5.30Q VWR Cheesecloth 62 5 35 3
5.30R VWR Cotton Pad 124 9 70 5
5.30S Mainstays Flour Sack 48 4 28 2
5.31A Deionized Scott Paper Towel 37 3 21 2
5.31B Water Bounty Paper Towel 63 4 35 2
5.31C (Control) Viva Paper Towel 35 3 20 1
5.31D Bounty Quilted 72 4 41 2
Napkins
5.31E Swiffer Sweeper Wet 48 6 27 3
5.31F Swiffer WetJet Pad 40 8 23 5
5.310 Clorox Ready Mop 34 2 19 1
5.31H 0-Ce1-0 Sponge 47 8 26 4
5.311 Lysol Cleaning Wipe 46 6 26 3
5.31J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 58 6 32 3
5.31K Mr. Clean Wipe 66 6 37 4
5.31L Windex Original Wipe 22 3 12 2
5.31M Pampers Baby Wipe 12 4 7 2
5.31N Huggies Baby Wipe 29 3 16 2
5.310 Clorox Handi Wipe 20 2 11 1
5.31P Shout Color Catcher 58 4 32 2
5.31Q VWR Cheesecloth 20 12 11 7
5.31R VWR Cotton Pad 58 9 32 5
5.31S Mainstays Flour Sack 17 4 10 2
5.1B 90% AAM, Bounty Paper Towel 104 5 58 3
5.1F 10% MAPTAC Swiffer WetJet Pad 65 3 37 2
5.1J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 152 3 85 2
5.2B 90% AAM, Bounty Paper Towel 115 4 64 2
5.2F 1.3% AA, Swiffer WetJet Pad 65 5 36 3
5.2J 8.7% Clorox Cleaning Wipe 149 4 83 2
MAPTAC
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5.3B 90% AAM, Bounty Paper Towel 121 6 68 3
5.3F 2.5% AA, Swiffer WetJet Pad 74 2 41 1
5.3J 7.5% Clorox Cleaning Wipe 151 7 84 4
MAPTAC
5.4B 90% AAM, 5% Bounty Paper Towel 105 6 59 3
5.4F AA, 5% Swiffer WetJet Pad 95 7 53 4
5.4J MAPTAC Clorox Cleaning Wipe 138 7 77 4
5.5B 90% AAM, Bounty Paper Towel 98 4 55 2
5.5F 7.5% AA, Swiffer WetJet Pad 67 5 37 3
5.5J 2.5% Clorox Cleaning Wipe 133 2 75 1
MAPTAC
5.6B 90% AAM, Bounty Paper Towel 93 2 52 1
5.6F 10% AA Swiffer WetJet Pad 54 8 30 4
5.6J Clorox Cleaning Wipe 135 3 76 2
* Mirapol HSC 300 was obtained from Rhodia S. A. (Paris, France).
Test Methods
Determination of Percent Solids
An empty weigh pan (VWR disposable aluminum crinkle dishes with tabs, VWR
Catalog
#25433-010; or equivalent pan) is weighed to within 0.1 mg (Weightpan). An
aliquot of a
polymer solution, for example a polymer solution as prepared above, 2.5 0.5
grams, is placed
into the pan and weighed to within 0.1 mg (Weightpan + Polymer Solution).
The pan and the polymer
solution are placed in an 80 C ventilated oven, uncovered for 12 hours. After
cooling to room
temperature, the pan and the polymer solids are then weighed to within 0.1
mg (Weightpan +
Solid). The percent solids is calculated as follows:
r .
ght Pan+PoymerSolid ¨Weight pan
PercentSolids(%) = Wol *100%
Weight Pan+PolymerSolution ¨Weight pan i
Preparation of 0.02% Polymer Solution
Using the amounts listed in Table 2, the polymer solutions prepared above need
to be
diluted to 0.02% percent solids with deionized water or for any other polymer
solution to be
tested that is greater than 0.02% percent solids, it needs to be diluted with
deionized water to
0.02% percent solids using the following equation:
Weight PolymerSolution 0.02%
=
Weight PolyrnerSolution+Water PercentSolids(%)
If the polymer solution is less than 0.02% percent solids, then no dilution is
necessary.
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A receiving vessel large enough to hold the diluted solution is tared. The
desired amount
of the original polymer solution is added to the receiving vessel and the
weight (of the solution
only) recorded to within 1 mg (Weight
-Polymer Solution). The polymer solution is then diluted to
0.02% with deionized water and the weight recorded to within 0.01 g
(Weightpolymer Solution +
5 Water). The diluted solutions are capped and allowed to sit for 24 hours
with occasional agitation
prior to use to ensure polymer dissolution. The concentration is calculated as
follows:
WeightPolymerSolution P* ercentSolids(%)
Concentration(%) =
Weight PolymerSolution+Water
Polymer Molecular Weight Determination
10 Polymer molecular mass is determined by GPC SEC/MALS. The HPLC is a
Waters
Alliance 2695 HPLC with an auto injector equipped with a bank of two linear
Otyragel HT
columns at room temperature. The flow rate is 1.0 mL/min and the mobile phase
is dimethyl
sulfoxide (DMSO) with 0.1% (weight/volume) LiBr. The detectors are Wyatt Dawn
EOS Light
scattering detector calibrated with toluene and normalized using 25K dextran
in mobile phase
15 and a Wyatt Optilab rEX refractive index detector at 30 C.
Samples for analysis are prepared at a known concentration in the range of 1
to 5 mg/mL.
Samples are filtered using 0.2 p m polypropylene membrane filters. The
injection volume is 100
p L. The data are collected and analyzed using ASTRA 5.3.4.14. Values for
dn/dc are calculated
from the RI trace assuming 100% mass recovery. Number average molecular weight
and
20 polydispersity index are calculated and reported.
Preparation of Treated Article
Rectilinear 3.00 inch x 4.00 inch pieces of commercial products (see below for
description) are obtained using a 3 inch x 4 inch die cutter resulting in
samples having a basis
weight of from 19 gsm to 33 gsm for handsheets, less than or equal to 100 gsm
for paper towels,
25 paper napkins, wipes, sponges, for the floorsheet removed from mops, and
for the cleaning
(surface contacting) substrate and/or non-surface contacting substrate of
other multilayered
cleaning systems, and less than or equal to 150 gsm for predominately cotton
samples such as
cheesecloth, cotton pads, and clothing (samples outside this range are
discarded). For paper
towels, at least the first and last 5 towels are discarded since they might be
contaminated with
30 glue commonly used to fasten the paper towels. The paper towel specimens
are cut so that the
perforations between towels run perpendicular to the 4 inch width cut. The
paper towel
specimens are cut so that they are free of perforations. The napkin specimens
are cut without
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first unfolding the napkins, thereby maintaining the original ply of the
sample. For mops and
other multilayered cleaning systems, the substrate that contacts the floor or
the surface to be
cleaned is removed and used as the test specimen. In the case where this
substrate is
hydrophobic, the next adjacent layer(s) (of varying gsm) can also be used in
combination with
the floor substrate. The Swiffer WetJeTtmPad Refills arc cut open along the
outer edges. The
topsheet substrate and adjacent core layer are discarded, and the floor sheet
substrate and
adjacent core layer are used. The Clorox Ready MorAbsorbent Mopping Pads are
also cut open
along the outer edges. All other layers except for the floor sheet substrate
are discarded. Any
specimen that is pre-moistened is first air dried prior to cutting except for
sponges. For sponges,
io the sponge is
dampened slightly and sliced using a Berker Deli Slicer (model 823 E, South
Bend,
Indiana) set at the 2.5 thickness setting prior to die cutting to a 3 inch x 4
inch rectangle
(resulting in a weight of 0.58 g 0.15 g after conditioning at a temperature
of 70 '14 2 F and a
relative humidity of 50% 2% for at least 2 hours, preferably overnight). All
specimens are
obtained from a portion of the test material at least 0.5 inches from any
edges.
The specimens noted above are labeled with the specimen name using a ball-
point pen or
equivalent marker. The specimens are conditioned at a temperature of 70 F 2
F and a relative
humidity of 50% 2% for at least 2 hours, preferably overnight. After
conditioning the
specimens are each weighed to within 10 mg (Weightsubstrate) while still
maintaining the
conditioning conditions. The remainder of the work is done in a laboratory at
a temperature of
73 '14 3.5 'I' and a relative humidity < 70%. The specimen is placed on a
lattice (23.75 inch x
47.75 inch polystyrene light panel manufactured by Plaskolite, Inc., Columbus,
Ohio, available
from IIome Depot as model #1425005A; or equivalent lattice).
If a specimen has been pre-treated, it can be tested without further addition
of any
polymer solution or water. Thus, the specimen is sitnply cut to a 3 inch x 4
inch piece.
If a specimen has not been pre-treated with a polymer solution, the specimen
is treated
with a total of 3.8 mL (in 1-4 aliquots to avoid oversaturation if necessary)
of the 0.02% percent
solids polymer solution prepared as described above or if the polymer solution
being tested is
less than 0.02% percent solids, then the total amount of the polymer solution
to be added to each
specimen (in 1-4 aliquots to avoid oversaturation if necessary) is determined
by the following
equation:
3.8mL*0.02%
AmountAdded(mL)= _______________________________
PercentSolids(%)
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The polymer solution is then applied to the upper (treated) side of the
specimen only. In between
aliquots, time (at least 1.5 hours) is given to allow the specimen to
partially dry. After
application of all the polymer solution, the specimens are left to air dry for
at least 4 hours,
typically overnight on the lattice.
When evaluating the Soil Adsorption Value exhibited by only the polymer, then
a
handsheet is used as the substrate.
TM
A. Scott Paper Towels Mega Roll Choose-a-Size, produced by Kimberly-
Clark,
Neenah, Wisconsin (6 rolls, 102 paper towels per roll, 1 ply, 11.0 inch x 7.3
inch, available at
Walmart).
TM
B. Bounty Paper Towel White, produced by Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
(1
roll, 52 sheets per roll, 2-p1y, 11 inch x 11 inch, available at Walmart).
C. Kleenex Viva Paper Towel White Big Rorproduced by Kimberly-Clark,
Neenah
Wisconsin (1 roll, 59 sheets, 1-p1y, 11 inch x 10.4 inch, available at
Walmart).
D.TM
Bounty Quilted Napkins White, produced by Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
(1 pack, 220 napkins, 1-p1y, 12.1 inch x 12 inch, available at Walmart).
E. Swiffer Sweeper Wet Mopping Refillj,m produced by Procter & Gamble,
Cincinnati, Ohio (12 wet mopping cloths, 10 inch x 8 inch, available at
Walmart).
F. Swiffer WetJet Pad RefillZproduced by Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, Ohio
(24
cleaning pads, available at Walmart).
TM
G. Clorox Ready Mop Absorbent Mopping Pads, produced by The Clorox Company,
Oakland, California (16 refill pads, 8.5 inch x 11.5 inch, available at
Walmart).
11. O-Ce1-0 Sponger,'" produced by 3M (3 sponges, 5.9 inch x 3.0 inch
x 0.9 inch,
available at Walmart).
I. Lysol Disinfecting Wipes Citrus Sceni,mproduced by Reckitt Benckiser (35
wet
wipes, 7 inch x 8 inch, available at Walmart).
TM
J. Clorox Disinfecting Wipes Lemon Fresh, produced by The Clorox Company,
Oakland, California (35 wet wipes, 7 inch x 8 inch, available at Walmart).
TM
K. Mr. Clean Wipe Multi-Surface Wipes, produced by Procter & Gamble,
Cincinnati,
Ohio (62 premoistened wipes, 7 inch x 8 inch available at
http://www.amazon.com/Mr-Clean-
Multi-surface-Disinfecting-62-Count/dp/B000LTDO9J0 ).
L. Windex Original Glass & Surface WipesT,m produced by SC Johnson & Son,
Racine, Wisconsin (28 pre-moistened wipes, 7 inch x 10 inch, available at
Walmart).
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33
M. Pampers Sensitive Baby WipeST,mproduced by Procter & Gamble,
Cincinnati, Ohio
(1 tub, 64 wipes, 7 inch x 7 inch, available at Walmart).
N.TM
Huggies Sensitive Baby Wipes, produced by Kimberly-Clark, Neenah, Wisconsin
(1 tub, 64 wipes, 7.7 inch x 6.7 inch, available at Walmart).
O. Clorox Handi WipeSr,mproduced by The Clorox Company, Oakland, California
(6
wipes, 21 inch x 11 inch, available at Krogers).
P. Shout Color Catcheir,mproduced by SC Johnson & Son, Racine, Wisconsin
(94
sheets, 9.8 inch x 4.7 inch, available at Walmart).
Q. VWR CheeseclothWiperZ produced by Fisher Scientific (100% cotton, white,
package of 200, 4inch x 4 inch, available at VWR # 21910-107).
R. VWR Cotton Par, distributed by VWR International (100% cotton, package
of
100, 4 inch x 4 inch, available at VWR #21902-985).
S.TM
Mainstays Flour Sack Towels, distributed by Walmart (100% cotton, white, 5
pack, 28 inch x 29 inch, available at Walmart).
T. IIandsheets ¨ as prepared below.
Preparation of Handsheet - In order to test the soil adsorption properties of
a material,
such as a polymer, a handsheet is prepared as follows and is then used in the
Soil Adsorption
Test Method described above.
A handsheet is a handmade specimen of a fibrous structure. IIandsheets are
prepared at
target basis weight of 26.8 g/m2, but no less than 19 g/m2 and no more than 33
g/m2 using the
following procedure.
a. Pulp Preparation - A pulp slurry of Northern Softwood Kraft (NSK) pulp is
made as
follows. Using an analytical balance capable of weighing to 0.0002 g, weigh
out 30 g of NSK
dry lap (pulp). Record the weight of the NSK dry lap. Record the percent bone-
dry pulp or
consistency for this pulp. Put 500 ntI, of 23 C 2 C of City of Cincinnati,
Ohio Water (or
equivalent having the following properties: Total Hardness = 155 mg/L as
CaCO); Calcium
content = 33.2 mg/L; Magnesium content = 17.5 mg/L; Phosphate content =
0.0462) into a 2000
mL polypropylene beaker. Add the weighed NSK dry lap to the water in the
beaker immediately
following the addition of the water to the beaker. After the NSK dry lap is
completely wetted
(about 50-60 seconds), remove the wetted NSK dry lap and manually tear into
small pieces of
wetted NSK dry lap, approximately 2 cm2 or less pieces. Add the small pieces
of wetted NSK
dry lap back into the water in the beaker. Let the wetted NSK dry lap soak in
the water for at
least 1 hour, typically 1-2 hours. At the end of the soaking period, transfer
the contents of the
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beaker (water and pulp) to a disintegrator tank of a pulp disintegrator
commercially available
from Testing Machines, Inc. under the tradename 73-18 Pulp Disintegrator or
its equivalent.
Follow the manufacturer's instructions for maintaining, calibrating, and
cleaning the
disintegrator, as needed. The disintegrator must meet TAPPI Standard T-205.
Using more of
the City of Cincinnati, Ohio water (or equivalent water as described above)
delivered by a
polyethylene wash bottle, wash and remove any remaining pulp adhering to the
beaker into the
disintegrator tank. Additional City of Cincinnati, Ohio water (or equivalent
water as described
above) is added to the disintegrator tank to result in a total of 1500 mL of
total volume in the
disintegrator tank.
Next, place the disintegrator tank containing the pulp and City of Cincinnati,
Ohio water
(or equivalent water as described above) (23 C 2 C) on the distintegrator's
platform and
position it under the shaft and impeller blade of the disintegrator. Clamp the
disintegrator tank
firmly in place on the disintegrator's platform. Lower the impeller blade into
position and lock
in place according to the manufacturer's instructions. Put the disintegrator
tank's lid in place on
the disintegrator tank. Set an interval timer with timed switch outlet for
exactly 10 minutes.
Turn the disintegrator on and start the timer with the alarm on the timer
turned on such that the
alarm sounds and the disintegrator turns off automatically after exactly 10
minutes of operation.
Turn the alarm off. Use the pulp slurry (pulp plus City of Cincinnati, Ohio
water (or equivalent
water as described above)) in the disintegrator within an hour after the
completion of the 10
minutes of operation. Do not let the pulp slurry stand idle for more than an
hour before using it
to make the handsheets.
b. Proportioning of Pulp - After the pulp slurry is prepared in the
disintegrator tank as
described above, the pulp slurry is then proportioned in a proportioner, such
as a Noble and
Wood Handsheet Forming Machine or a proportioner and handsheet forming
machine, which is
commercially available from Adirondack Machine Corporation as follows.
To a proportioner having a 19-21 L stainless steel tank, City of Cincinnati,
Ohio water (or
equivalent water as described above) is added to fill the tank to about half
full (about 9-10 L).
The agitator of the proportioner is turned on and the speed of the agitator is
adjusted to 23 rpm
2 rpm to provide good mixing once the pulp slurry is added. Good mixing can be
determined by
seeing that the pulp slurry is evenly mixing with the City of Cincinnati, Ohio
water (or equivalent
water as described above) that is added to the tank. Next, add the equivalent
of 30 g of bone-dry
pulp of the pulp slurry produced above to the tank. After addition of the pulp
slurry to the tank,
set the volume scale of the proportioner to the 19 L mark. Add additional City
of Cincinnati,
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Ohio water (or equivalent water as described above) to make the liquid level
approximately even
with the top of the hook on the solution indicator pointer of the
proportioner.
c. Forming Handsheet - A handsheet is made from the pulp slurry present in the
proportioner, described above, as follows.
5 The handsheet is made using a 12" x 12" stainless steel sheet mold
commercially
available from Adirondack Machine Corporation. First, open the drain valve on
the deckle box
of the sheet mold and completely drain the deckle box. The deckle box needs to
be clean and
free of contaminants. Close the drain valve and open the deckle box. Turn on
the water supply,
City of Cincinnati, Ohio water (or equivalent water as described above) and
allow the deckle box
10 -- to overflow. Place a clean forming wire (84M 14" x 14" polyester
monofilament plastic cloth,
commercially available from Appleton Wire Co.), on the coarse deckle box wire
so as not to
entrap any air bubbles under the forming wire. If air bubbles persist,
eliminate by rubbing the
wire gently with hands before closing the deckle box. Air bubbles under the
forming wire, if not
removed, will cause holes in the handsheet and makes the handsheet
unacceptable for use in the
15 -- tests described herein.
After the forming wire has been thoroughly wetted by the water, close and lock
the deckle
box and allow the water to rise to 8 1/2" from the forming wire in the deckle
box. A mark on the
inside of the deckle box should be used to permanently indicate this volume.
Add 2543 mL of
the pulp slurry from the proportioner to the water in the deckle box using the
proportioner sample
20 -- container. Using the perforated metal deckle box plunger, distribute the
pulp slurry uniformly by
moving the plunger from near the top of the pulp slurry to the bottom of the
pulp slurry within
the deckle box and back for three complete up and down cycles. Do not touch
the forming wire
on the downward strokes. After the third cycle, bring the plunger up and pause
for two seconds
holding the plunger plate just beneath the pulp slurry surface (to eliminate
wave action) and then
25 -- withdraw slowly. Make sure that the pulp slurry is undisturbed in the
deckle box.
Depress the switch to activate the timed opening of the drop valve of the
deckle box. The
drop valve will close automatically after the deckle box is completely
drained. Most units
completely drain in about 20-25 seconds. After the drop valve closes, open the
deckle box and
carefully remove the forming wire with fiber mat side up from the deckle box.
Immediately
30 -- place the forming wire with fiber mat side up on a vacuum box's surface
(a vacuum box table)
having a surface at a vacuum slot (13" x 1/16" 90 flare) over which the
forming wire with fiber
mat passes. Keep the edge of the forming wire which is next to the operator in
the same relative
position during this transfer from the deckle box to the vacuum box table.
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The vacuum box table's vacuum valves are set such that the low level of vacuum
(pre-
vacuum) peaks at 4.0 0.5" Hg and the high level vacuum peaks at 10.0 0.5"
Hg according to
an Ashcroft Vacuum Gauge Model 1189, range 0-15" Hg commercially available
from Ashcroft
Inc.
Turn on the vacuum pump (a Nash H4 Pump with a draw of 106 cfm Motor-10 HP,
1745
rpm, 3 Ph, 60 Hz available from ECM Inc.) associated with the vacuum box
table. Engage the
low level vacuum (pre-vacuum). Position the forming wire with the fiber mat
side up on the
vacuum box table so that the front edge of the forming wire (edge next to the
operator) extends
over the vacuum slot about 1/4" ¨1/2". Pull the forming wire with fiber mat
across the vacuum slot
in 1 0.3 seconds at a uniform rate. The vacuum gauge should peak at 4.0
0.5" Hg. This step
is referred to as the Pre-vacuum Step.
Next, turn the low level vacuum and open the high level side of the vacuum
system.
Place the knubby side up of a transfer wire (44M 16" x 14" polyester
monofilament plastic cloth
commercially available from Appleton Wire Co. with the knobby side, which is
the sheet side,
marked with an arrow indicating the machine direction) on the vacuum box table
behind the
vacuum slot. The transfer wire is placed on the vacuum box table such that the
16" length is
perpendicular to the vacuum slot. Carefully turn the forming wire with the
fiber mat over
keeping the edge of the forming wire, which has been next to the operator, in
the same relative
position. Gently place the forming wire with fiber mat onto the center of the
transfer wire,
forming a "sandwich" so that the front edge of the transfer wire (edge next to
the operator)
extends over the vacuum slot about 1/4" ¨ 1/2". The direction of travel of the
fiber mat over the
vacuum slot must be identical to the direction of travel of the forming wire
with fiber mat during
the Pre-vacuum Step described above. The "sandwich" is pulled across the
vacuum slot in 1
0.3 seconds at a uniform rate. The vacuum gauge should peak at 10.0 0.5" Hg.
This step,
which transfers the fiber mat from the forming wire to the transfer wire, is
called the Transfer
Vacuum Step.
Close the high level vacuum and turn off the entire vacuum system. By this
time the fiber
mat has become a handsheet. Next, place the "sandwich" on the vacuum box
table. Separate the
forming wire from the handsheet and the transfer wire by gently lifting one
corner of the forming
wire and removing it, leaving the handsheet attached to the transfer wire.
Keep the edge of the
fabric next to the operator in the same relative position as the handsheet as
it was during the
Transfer Vacuum Step. Make an arrow with an indelible pencil (a water color
pencil
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commercially available from Dick Blick Art Supplies) on a corner of the
handsheet to indicate
the direction of travel across the vacuum slot. This identifies the handsheet'
s machine direction.
Next, pass the transfer wire with the handsheet attached through an E-100 Drum
Dryer
commercially available from Adirondack Machine Corporation with the transfer
wire next to the
drum dryer and with the edge that was kept next to the operator going into the
drum dryer last.
Pass the transfer wire with the handsheet attached through the drum dryer a
second time with the
handsheet next to the drum dryer.
The handsheet is removed immediately after exiting the dryer drum the second
time while
it is still warm.
The handsheet formed must be at a target basis weight of 26.8 g/m2, but no
less than 19
g/m2 and no more than 33 g/m2 suitable for testing. If the basis weight is
less than 19 g/m2 or
greater than 33 g/m2 then either the amount of pulp is too small or too large
and the process
needs to be adjusted accordingly to produce a handsheet with a target basis
weight of 26.8 g/m2,
but no less than 19 g/m2 and no more than 33 g/m2.
Soil Solution Preparation
A centrifuge tube (VWR brand 50 mL superclear ultra high performance
freestanding
centrifuge tube with flat caps, VWR Catalog #82018-052; or equivalent tube) is
labeled with the
specimen name and weighed to within 1 mg (Weightvial + Cap). Next 0.1784 g
0.0005 g of a
model soil (Black Todd Clay available from Empirical Manufacturing Co., 7616
Reinhold Drive,
Cincinnati, Ohio 45237-3208) is weighed (WeightAdded soil) and then placed
into the centrifuge
tube. Deionized water, 25.0 mL 0.2 mL, is added slowly to the centrifuge
tube using a suitable
dispenser. The deionized water is poured carefully into the centrifuge tube to
avoid causing a
plume of dust from the model soil. If a plume of dust occurs, the tube is
discarded and a new
tube is prepared. The tube is then re-weighed to within 1 mg (Weightviai +
cap + Dispersion).
A Petri dish (VWR sterile Petri dish, Simport plastics, 60 mm x 15 mm, 28 mL
volume,
VWR Catalog #60872-306; or equivalent) is labeled with the specimen name and
weighed to
within 1 mg (WeightDish).
Soil Adsorption Test Method
The 3 inch x 4 inch specimen is folded in half with the treated side facing in
so that it is
1.5 inch long x 4 inch wide. An accordion style (paper fan) folding technique
is then used to fold
the specimen 5 times to produce a sample that contains 6 segments each about %
of an inch in
width. The capped centrifuge tube containing the model soil and water is
agitated / shaken to
disperse the soil in the water to form a soil dispersion. The centrifuge tube
is then uncapped
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permitting the folded specimen to be fully immersed into the dispersion of
model soil and water
in the centrifuge tube so that the folds run parallel to the length of the
centrifuge tube. The tube
is immediately re-capped and shaken in a WS 180 degree shaker for 60 1
seconds. The WS
TM
180 degree shaker (Glas-Col #099AWS18012; or equivalent shaker) is set (50%
speed) so that it
inverts the specimen 1 60- 170 degrees every 1 second.
After shaking, the folded specimen is carefully removed over the Petri dish
using
laboratory tweezers. Care must be taken to ensure that all of the dispersion
is kept either in the
original centrifuge tube or corresponding Petri dish. The dispersion is wrung
from the specimen
using a "wringing" motion and collected in the Petri dish (>85% of the dirt
dispersion should be
collected if the specimen is a paper towel, paper napkin, wipe, floor
substrate of a mop, the
cleaning (surface contacting) substrate of other multilayered cleaning
systems, or clothing, >60%
of the dirt dispersion should be collected if the specimen contains an
absorbent pad such as the a
mop containing an absorbent layer like the Swiffer Wet Jet Pad, sponge, or
cotton pads). Once
the dispersion has been removed from the specimen, the specimen is discarded.
The remaining
dispersion is poured from the centrifuge tube into the Petri dish after
swirling the mixture to re-
disperse the model soil into the water, thereby ensuring that no model soil is
inadvertently left
behind in the centrifuge tube. The Petri dish containing the model soil /
water mixture is
weighed to within 1 mg (WeightDish+Effluent)= The Petri dish is then placed
into a vented
laboratory drying oven at 60 C until the sample is dry, preferably overnight.
Once the specimen is dry, it is removed from the oven and allowed to cool to
room
temperature (73 F 3.5 F). The Petri dish containing the dried model soil
is re-weighed to
within 1 mg (WeightDish+DriedSod)=
Calculations
To calculate the amount of residual model soil (MassResiduai soil) left in the
Petri dish, the
following equation is used:
MassR sidualSoil = Weight Dish+DriedSoil ¨ Weight Di,h
e
Residual model soil is reported in mg.
To calculate the amount of soil adsorbed (Soil Retained) in the specimen, the
following
calculation is used:
Soil Re tained =Weight Addedsoll Mass Re siduaisoil
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The amount of soil adsorbed is reported in mg.
To calculate the percent of soil retained (% Soil Retained), the following
calculation is
used:
Soil Re tained
%.S'oil Re tained = *100%
Weight AddedSoil
The test is performed on four replicates and the average amount of soil
adsorbed (also
known as the Soil Adsorption Value) and the average percent of soil retained
(%Soil Retainedavg)
are calculated for the article.
Charge Density Test Method
The charge density of a polymer, such as a soil adsorption polymer, can be
determined by
T
1 0 using a MutekM PCD-04 Particle Charge Detector available from BTG, or
equivalent instrument.
The following guidelines provided by BTG are used.
Start with a 0.1% solution (0.1 g polymer + 99.9 g deionized water) (sample).
Depending
on the titrant consumption increase or decrease polymer content if needed.
Solution pH is
adjusted prior to final dilution as charge density of many polymers and/or
additives is dependent
upon solution pH. A pH of 4.5 is used here.
1. Place 20 mL of sample in the PCD measuring cell and insert piston.
2. Put the measuring cell with piston and sample in the PCD, the electrodes
are
facing the rear. Slide the cell along the guide until it touches the rear.
3. Pull piston upwards and turn it counter-clock-wise to lock the piston in
place.
4. Switch on the motor. The streaming potential is shown on the touch
panel. Wait
2 minutes until the signal is stable.
5. Use an oppositely charged titrant (for example for a cationic
sample having a
positive streaming potential: use an anionic titrant). Titrants are available
from BTG consisting
of 0.001N PVSK or 0.001N PolyDADMAC.
6. An automatic titrator available from BTG is utilized. After selecting
the proper
titrant, set the titrator to rinse the tubing by dispensing 10 mL insuring
that all air bubbles have
been purged.
7. Place tubing tip below the surface of the sample and start
titration. The automatic
titrator is set to stop automatically when the potential reaches 0 niV.
8. Record consumption of titrant, ideally, the consumption of titrant
should be 0.2
ml, to 10 mI.; otherwise decrease or increase polymer content.
9. Repeat titration of a second 20 niL aliquot of the polymer
sample.
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10. Calculate charge demand (solution) or charge demand (solids);
Charge demand (eq/L) = V titrant used(L) x Conc. of titrant in Normality
(eq/L)
Volume of sample titrated (L)
5
Charge demand (eq/g) = V titrant used(L) x Conc. of titrant in Normality
(eq/L)
Wt. solids of the sample or its active substance (g)
The charge demand (charge density) of a polymer is reported in meq/g units.
10 Basis Weight Test Method
The rectilinear 3.00 inch x 4.00 inch piece of specimen cut as above in the
soil adsorption
test method is conditioned in a conditioned room at 70 F 2 F and a
relative humidity of 50%
2% for at least 2 hours, typically overnight. The specimen is weighed to
within 10 mg
(Weightsubstrate) while still maintaining the conditioning conditions. The
Basis Weight of the
15 specimen is then calculated as follows:
-- '
BasisWeight(gsm)=(Weightsubs *r inch 2 * r 100CM 2(2)
3inchx4inch i 2.54ctn i m i
Moisture Content Test Method
The moisture content present in an article is measured using the following
Moisture
Content Test Method.
20 An article or portion thereof ("sample") is placed in a conditioned
room at a temperature
of 73 F 4 F (about 23 C 2.2 C) and a relative humidity of 50% 10% for at
least 24 hours
prior to testing. The weight of the sample is recorded when no further weight
change is detected
for at least a 5 minute period. Record this weight as the "equilibrium weight"
of the sample.
Next, place the sample in a drying oven for 24 hours at 70 C with a relative
humidity of about
25 4% to dry the sample. After the 24 hours of drying, remove the sample
from the drying oven and
immediately weigh the sample. Record this weight as the "dry weight" of the
sample. The
moisture content of the sample is calculated as follows:
% Moisture in sample = 100% x (Equilibrium weight of sample ¨ Dry weight of
sample)
Dry weight of sample
30 The % Moisture in sample for 3 replicates is averaged to give the
reported % Moisture in
sample.
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III. Articles
The present disclosure further relates to cleansing articles for cleaning
surfaces (e.g., hard
surfaces). Such articles can include a dry material, for example a dry fibrous
structure such as a
dry paper towel, mop, sponge; or a pre-moistened, liquid composition-
containing towel or wipe
or pad, that exhibit improved Soil Adsorption Values as measured according to
the Soil
Adsorption Test Method described herein compared to known articles using a
soil capture agent
described herein. It will be appreciated that the article can include the
entire article or a portion
of the article for which a soil capture agent and/or cleaning composition is
applied or contacted
with. In certain embodiments, a portion of the article can include a
particular layer or section of
an article, including, for example, the portion of an article tested via the
Soil Adsorption Test
Method described herein.
In certain embodiments, at least a portion of an article may exhibit a Soil
Adsorption
Value of at least 75 mg; in certain embodiments about 85 mg or more; in
certain embodiments
about 100 mg or more; in certain embodiments about 120 mg or more; and in
certain
embodiments about 140 mg or more as measured according to the Soil Adsorption
Test Method
described herein.
In one example, the article comprises a web. A web can include one or more of
a
nonwoven web and a woven web, or a combination thereof. In certain
embodiments, a web can
include a plurality of pulp fibers. In certain embodiments, a web can include
a fibrous structure.
Non-limiting examples of processes for making fibrous structures include known
wet-laid
processes, such as wet-laid papermaking processes, and air-laid processes,
such as air-laid
papermaking processes. Wet-laid and/or air-laid papermaking processes and/or
air-laid
papermaking processes typically include a step of preparing a composition
comprising a plurality
of fibers that are suspended in a medium, either wet, more specifically
aqueous medium, or dry,
more specifically gaseous medium, such as air. The aqueous medium used for
wet-laid
processes is oftentimes referred to as a fiber slurry. The fiber composition
is then used to
deposit a plurality of fibers onto a forming wire or belt such that an
embryonic fibrous structure
is formed, after which drying and/or bonding the fibers together results in a
fibrous structure.
Further processing the fibrous structure may be carried out such that a
finished fibrous structure
is formed. For example, in typical papermaking processes, the finished fibrous
structure is the
fibrous structure that is wound on the reel at the end of papermaking, and may
subsequently be
converted into a finished product, e.g. a sanitary tissue product.
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Another process that can be used to produce the fibrous structures is a melt-
blowing
and/or spunbonding process where a polymer composition is spun into filaments
and collected on
a belt to produce a fibrous structure. In one example, a plurality of fibers
may be mixed with the
filaments prior to collecting on the belt and/or a plurality of fibers may be
deposited on another
fibrous structure comprising filaments.
The fibrous structures may be homogeneous or may be layers in the direction
normal to
the machine direction. If layered, the fibrous structures may comprise at
least two and/or at least
three and/or at least four and/or at least five layers.
Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature. Non-limiting examples
of fibers
include wood pulp fibers and synthetic staple fibers such as polyester fibers.
Fibers are typically considered discontinuous in nature. Non-limiting examples
of fibers
include wood pulp fibers and synthetic staple fibers such as polyester fibers.
Filaments are typically considered continuous or substantially continuous in
nature.
Filaments are relatively longer than fibers. Non-limiting examples of
filaments include
meltblown and/or spunbond filaments. Non-limiting examples of materials that
can be spun into
filaments include natural polymers, such as starch, starch derivatives,
cellulose and cellulose
derivatives, hemicellulose, hemicellulose derivatives, and synthetic polymers
including, but not
limited to polyvinyl alcohol filaments and/or polyvinyl alcohol derivative
filaments, and
thermoplastic polymer filaments, such as polyesters, nylons, polyolefins such
as polypropylene
filaments, polyethylene filaments, and biodegradable or compostable
thermoplastic fibers such as
polylactic acid filaments, polyhydroxyalkanoate filaments and polycaprolactone
filaments. The
filaments may be monocomponent or multicomponent, such as bicomponent
filaments.
Papermaking fibers useful in the present disclosure can include cellulosic
fibers
commonly known as wood pulp fibers. Applicable wood pulps include chemical
pulps, such as
Kraft, sulfite, and sulfate pulps, as well as mechanical pulps including, for
example,
groundwood, thermomechanical pulp and chemically modified thermomechanical
pulp.
Chemical pulps, however, may be preferred since they impart a superior tactile
sense of softness
to tissue sheets made therefrom. Pulps derived from both deciduous trees
(hereinafter, also
referred to as "hardwood") and coniferous trees (hereinafter, also referred to
as "softwood") may
be utilized. The hardwood and softwood fibers can be blended, or
alternatively, can be deposited
in layers to provide a stratified web. Also applicable to the present
invention are fibers derived
from recycled paper, which may contain any or all of the above categories as
well as other non-
fibrous materials such as fillers and adhesives used to facilitate the
original papermaking.
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In addition to the various wood pulp fibers, other cellulosic fibers such as
cotton linters,
rayon, lyocell and bagasse can be used in this invention. Other sources of
cellulose in the form
of fibers or capable of being spun into fibers include grasses and grain
sources.
In certain embodiments, a sanitary tissue product can include a fibrous
structure. Sanitary
tissue products (as well as other cleansing articles or portions thereof) may
exhibit a basis weight
between about 10 gsm to about 120 gsm and/or from about 15 gsm to about 110
gsm and/or from
about 20 gsm to about 100 gsm and/or from about 30 to 95 gsm. It will be
appreciated that
suitable cleansing articles as described herein can have a basis weight of
about 150 gsm or less;
in certain embodiments a basis weight of about 100 gsm or less; and in certain
embodiments a
basis weight from about 30 gsm to about 95 gsm based on the Soil Adsorption
Test Method
described herein (e.g., the basis weight is measured relative to the sample
size). It will be
appreciated that certain articles such as cotton pads, clothing, cheesecloth
will have higher basis
weights based on the Soil Adsorption Test Method then paper towels, paper
napkins, wipes,
sponges, or floor sheets removed from a mop.
The fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise a plurality of
pulp fibers.
Further, the fibrous structure of the present invention may comprise a single-
ply or multi-ply
sanitary tissue product, such as a paper towel.
In another embodiment, the material of the present invention may comprise a
web, for
example a fibrous structure, in the form of a cleaning pad suitable for use
with a cleaning device,
such as a floor cleaning device, for example a Swiffer cleaning pad.
The fibrous structures in certain embodiments may be co-formed fibrous
structures. Such
suitable examples of co-form fibrous structures are described in U.S. Patent
No. 4,100,324.
In still another embodiment, an article may comprise a foam structure or a
sponge.
Suitable foam structures or sponges are described in U.S. Patent Nos.
4,638,017, 4,738,992, and
4,957,810; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2007/0061991 Al,
2007/0161533 Al,
and 2009/0163598 Al.
As described herein, the cleansing article can have the soil capture agent
applied to the
article prior to use or applied to the surface prior to using the article. For
example, the soil
capture agent can be pre-applied (e.g., embedded) onto a surface of the
article prior to using it to
clean a surface of an object. In alternative embodiments, a soil capture agent
may be applied to a
surface to be cleaned (e.g., table top) and then the article is placed into
contact with the surface to
remove the soil.
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In certain embodiments, a soil capture agent may be present in and/or on at
least a portion
of a cleansing article at a level of greater than 0.005% and/or greater than
0.01% and/or greater
than 0.05% and/or greater than 0.1% and/or greater than 0.15% and/or greater
than 0.2% and/or
less than 5% and/or less than 3% and/or less than 2% and/or less than 1% by
weight of the
article. In one example, the soil capture agent is present in and/or on the
article at a level of from
about 0.005% to about 1% by weight of the article.
In certain embodiments, a cleaning system including both an article (or a
portion of an
article) and the soil capture agent can include from about 0.00001 weight
fraction to about 0.001
weight fraction of the soil capture agent. In another embodiment, the cleaning
system can
include from about 0.0005 weight fraction to about 0.003 weight fraction of
the soil capture
agent.
In another example, the soil capture agent may be present in and/or on a
cleansing article
in a pattern, such as a non-random repeating pattern and/or present in and/or
on regions of
different density, different basis weight, different elevation and/or
different texture of the
material.
A cleansing article may comprise other ingredients in addition to the soil
capture agent,
for example a surfactant. Additional surfactants may be desired herein as they
further contribute
to the cleaning performance and/or shine benefit of the compositions of the
present invention.
Surfactants to be used herein include anionic surfactants, cationic
surfactants, amphoteric
surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants
may be present in the
material at a level of from about 0.01% to about 0.5% by weight of the article
(or a portion of the
article). Examples of such suitable surfactants are described in U.S. Patent
Application
Publication No. 2010/0154823A1 and PCT Application No. PCT/US2011/042644.
Other suitable additives can also be included with the soil capture agent. For
example,
additives such as perfumes, bleaching agents, brighteners, fabric hueing
agents, chelating agents
and other active ingredients can be included with the soil capture agent.
Suitable examples of
such additives are described in PCT Application No. PCT/U52011/042644.
In one example of the present invention, a kit comprising a nonwoven
substrate, which
may comprise a soil capture agent, such as a cleaning composition which is
present on and/or in
the nonwoven substrate, and/or a nonwoven substrate and a separate, discrete
cleaning
composition that may be applied to surfaces and/or to the nonwoven substrate
prior to use by a
consumer.
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Kits comprising Nonwoven Substrate and Compositions
In one embodiment, the present invention also pertains to a kit comprising a
nonwoven
substrate and a cleaning composition comprising soil capture agent. The
cleaning composition
may be an aqueous cleaning composition and also may comprise other ingredients
selected from
5 surfactants, surface stickiness mitigators, and mixtures thereof. Surface
stickiness mitigators are
materials that control the adherent character of the soil capture agent. The
cleaning composition
can be pre-loaded onto the nonwoven substrate to form a premoistened wipe or
pad.
Alternatively the kit can comprise separate dry substrate, with or without a
soil capture agent,
and an aqueous composition, with or without a soil capture agent, so long as
at least one of them
10 comprises a soil capture agent. In the latter execution, the user can
apply, for example via
spraying, the cleaning composition to a surface to be cleaned and then use the
nonwoven
substrate to scrub and absorb the cleaning composition and agglomerated soil.
Alternatively the
composition can be applied directly to the substrate by the user. There are
several advantages of
using the soil capture agent in conjunction with a disposable (premoistened or
dry) pad/wipe.
15 First, the disposable pad/wipe acts as an anchor for the copolymer,
especially if the wipe/pad
comprises at least some cellulosic content. While not wishing to be limited by
theory, it is
believed that ionic interactions (binding of copolymer cationic moieties to
negatively charged
cellulosic areas of pad/wipe), molecular weight effects (a high molecular
weight polymer will
anchor better than a low molecular weight polymer) or a combination of ionic
and molecular
20 weight interactions cause soil capture agent to strongly adhere onto the
nonwoven substrate.
This limits transfer of the copolymer to the surface to be treated, reducing
the need for, or level
of, surface stickiness mitigator. The nonwoven substrate also acts as a
repository for
agglomerated soil, limiting redeposition of soil onto the treated surface. By
limiting soil
redeposition, the disposable pad and anchored agglomerating copolymer provide
improved
25 cleaning of the treated surface. Finally, agglomerated soil bound to
soil capture agent will
blacken (dirty) the cleaning wipe/pad, providing consumers with proof that the
product is
working and a visual cue as to when to change the used pad. This latter effect
from soil capture
agent is only beneficial if the pad/wipe is intended to be thrown away
following limited use (i.e.,
it is disposable). Darkening of the substrate by agglomeration of particulate
soil provides for
30 compelling advertising demonstrations.
Premoistened wipe and pad compositions:
Premoistened wipes and pads of the invention (defined as premoistened wipe
laminates
for the purpose of this invention) comprise a cleaning composition comprising
a soil capture
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agent. In one example, the premoistened wipe composition additionally
comprises a surface
stickiness mitigator. Premoistened wipes are ubiquitous in European household
cleaners industry
and are used for treating hard surfaces, including but not limited to, kitchen
countertops and
appliances, bathroom sinks, home windows and mirrors, window blinds, exteriors
of toilet bowls,
living room tables, home floor cleaning including particulate and hair pick-
up, car interior and
exterior surfaces, eyeglasses, and hard surfaces that require cleaning in
industry, for example
machinery. Premoistened wipes can be used by hand for cleaning tasks, or can
be attached to or
inserted into a handle that limits consumer exposure to the aqueous
composition and help provide
improved reach. Wipes comprising dry tow fibers are already used in the
industry for dusting
purposes, for example Swiffer Duster . Compositions of the present invention
include damp/wet
dusting compositions optionally comprising tow fibers and preferably
comprising some level of
hydrophilic fibers. The damp/wet dusting compositions are optionally though
preferably used
with a handle. The handle can have any length, for example from 15 cm to 1
meter and can be
made of any material. Premoistened wipes comprising the agglomerating
copolymer of the
invention can also be used to remove soils, especially particulate soils that
are typically removed
by dry dusting sheets and dusters. The compositions can also be used for
removal of particulate
soils from upholstery and other fabrics including carpet.
The chemical composition of the nonwoven substrate used in this invention can
vary from
100% synthetic to 100% non-synthetic fibers. Preferably, the chemical
composition of the
substrate comprises a blend of synthetic and non-synthetic fibers. More
preferably, the synthetic
material herein comprises polypropylene, nylon or polyester or blends thereof.
Non-synthetic
substrates used herein are treated or untreated cellulose fibers that
hydrophilic and typically
comprise anionic sites. Examples of such fibers include wood pulp, Rayon and
Lyoce11 . The
composition of the substrate preferably comprises at least 10%, more
preferably at least 15%,
more preferably at least 20% non-synthetic fibers. Incorporation of cellulosic
fibers in the
nonwoven substrate advantageously provides an anchor for the agglomerating
polymers of the
invention via anionic-cationic ionic bonding; this is beneficial because it
mitigates the possibility
for release of the agglomerating copolymer onto the hard surface to be
treated, thereby
simultaneously reducing slipperiness and stickiness issues and residue
formation.
The distribution of synthetic and non-synthetic fibers within the substrate
web can be
homogeneous or non-homogeneous. When the distribution of fibers is non-
homogeneous, it is
preferred that the areas exposed to the hard surface to be treated comprise a
higher amount of
synthetic fiber than is present in the overall substrate composition. Such a
structure keeps a
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reservoir of fluid within the more absorbent non-synthetic structure, and
sandwiched between
two areas of the wipe that are more hydrophobic; this results in more
controlled release of the
aqueous composition and better overall mileage for the wipe. Alternatively,
the distribution of
fibers can advantageously be made so that only one face of the substrate has
more hydrophobic
fibers than that of the overall composition. In this case, the substrate would
be sided, providing a
low friction surface with increased synthetic content, and a second, more
draggy surface made of
cellulose or treated cellulose derivatives. The presence of increased
hydrophobic material at the
surface(s) of the substrate also is known to improve the lubricity or glide of
the substrate as it is
wiped across a variety of hard surfaces. This can provide reassurance of
"easier cleaning" for
consumers.
According to the present invention, the substrate can be produced by any
method known
in the art. For example non-woven material substrates can be formed by dry
forming techniques
such as air-laying or wet-laying such as on a papermaking machine. Other non-
woven
manufacturing techniques such as hydroentangling, melt blown, spun bonded,
needle punched
and methods can also be used.
In one example, the nonwoven substrate exhibits a basis weight of from about
20 gsm to
about 200 gsm and/or at least 20 gsm and/or less than 150 gsm and/or from
about 20 gsm to 110
gsm and/or from about 20 gsm to 80 gsm and/or from about 25 gsm to 60 gsm
The compositions of the invention can be applied to the substrate at any point
after it has
been dried. For example the composition can be applied to the substrate prior
to calendering or
after calendering and prior to being wound up onto a parent roll. Typically,
the application will
be carried out on a substrate unwound from a roll having a width equal to a
substantial number of
wipes it is intended to produce. The substrate with the composition applied
thereto is then
subsequently perforated utilizing standard techniques in order to produce the
desired perforation
line.
In one example, the compositions are applied in an amount of from 1.0 gram (g)
to 10.0
gram (g) per gram (g) of dry substrate (i.e., load factor = lx to 10x),
preferably from 1.25 g to 8.5
g per g of dry substrate, most preferably from 1.5 g to 7.0 g per g of dry
substrate. In one
-2 -2
embodiment, a low basis weight monolayer substrate, from 20 gm to 55 gm , more
preferably
-2 -2
from 30 gm to 45 gm , is impregnated with an aqueous composition comprising
soil capture
agent at load factor of from 1.0 g to 2.5 g per g of dry substrate; in such a
scenario, cleaning is
achieved via damp dusting of surfaces. A commercially available example of
this type
composition and application is Swiffer Shine sold in Europe.
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In another example, a kit comprising a dry article, such as dry cleaning pad
and separate
cleaning composition comprising a soil capture agent is provided. The dry
cleaning pad can be a
dry duster (with or without optional handle), a laminate of nonwoven
substrates without
superabsorbent polymer or a laminate of substrates comprising superabsorbent
polymer. The
aqueous chemistry can be housed in any suitable container and can be applied
onto the surface to
be treated by any means known in the art. For example, application of solution
can be achieved
via a separate squirt bottle, aerosol can or spray trigger system.
Alternatively, the aqueous
chemistry container can also be housed in a container directly attached to, or
built into the
cleaning device (i.e., on the mop head or the handle). The delivery mechanism
can be then
actuated by the operator, or can be battery-induced or electrical.
The cleaning pad may be absorbent. An example of a commercially available
suitable
absorbent pad is the pad in the kit sold under the tradename Clorox Ready Mop
. In a preferred
embodiment, the absorbent pad additionally comprises superabsorbent material.
Superabsorbent materials are especially beneficial with the compositions of
the present invention
because they help keep the floor side of the pad free of aqueous cleaning
composition, reducing
the amount of soil-agglomerating polymer I left behind after mopping. This
simultaneously
mitigates surface stickiness and keeps the floor substantially residue-free.
The cleaning pads may have an absorbent capacity, when measured under a
confining
pressure of 0.09 psi (psi = pounds per square inch) after 20 minutes (1200
seconds) (hereafter
referred to as "t1200 absorbent capacity"), of at least about 10 g deionized
water per g of the
cleaning pad. The absorbent capacity of the pad is measured at 20 minutes
(1200 seconds) after
exposure to deionized water, as this represents a typical time for the
consumer to clean a hard
surface such as a floor. The confining pressure represents typical pressures
exerted on the pad
during the cleaning process. As such, the cleaning pad should be capable of
absorbing
significant amounts of the cleaning solution within this 1200 second period at
0.09 psi pressure.
The cleaning pad may have a t1200 absorbent capacity of at least about 15 g/g,
more preferably
at least about 20 g/g, still more preferably at least about 25 g/g and most
preferably at least about
g/g. The cleaning pad may have a t900 absorbent capacity of at least about 10
g/g, more
preferably a t900 absorbent capacity of at least about 20 g/g. Values for
t1200 and t900
30 absorbent capacity are measured by the performance under pressure
(referred to herein as "PUP")
method, which is described in detail in the Test Methods section in US
6,045,622, said
application being incorporated herein, in its entirety, by reference. The
application contains a
more complete disclosure of the pads, instruments, etc. that are of use
herein.
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In one example, the cleaning pad comprises an absorbent layer comprising a
thermally
bonded airlaid web of cellulose fibers (Flint River, available from
Weyerhaeuser, Wa) and AL
Thermal C (thermoplastic available from Danaklon a/s, Varde, Denmark), and a
swellable
hydrogel-forming superabsorbent polymer.
The superabsorbent polymer is preferably
incorporated such that a discrete layer is located near the surface of the
absorbent layer which is
remote from the scrubbing layer. Preferably, a thin layer of, e.g., cellulose
fibers (optionally
thermally bonded) are positioned above the superabsorbent gelling polymer to
enhance
containment.
In another example, the cleaning pad comprises a scrubbing layer. The
scrubbing layer is
the portion of the cleaning pad that contacts the soiled surface during
cleaning. As such,
materials useful as the scrubbing layer must be sufficiently durable that the
layer will retain its
integrity during the cleaning process. In addition, when the cleaning pad is
used in combination
with a solution, the scrubbing layer must be capable of absorbing liquids and
soils, and
relinquishing those liquids and soils to the absorbent layer. This will ensure
that the scrubbing
layer will continually be able to remove additional material from the surface
being cleaned.
Whether the implement is used with a cleaning solution (i.e., in the wet
state) or without cleaning
solution (i.e., in the dry state), the scrubbing layer will, in addition to
removing particulate
matter, facilitate other functions, such as polishing, dusting, and buffing
the surface being
cleaned.
The scrubbing layer can be a mono-layer, or a multi-layer structure one or
more of whose
layers can be slitted to facilitate the scrubbing of the soiled surface and
the uptake of particulate
matter. This scrubbing layer, as it passes over the soiled surface, interacts
with the soil (and
cleaning solution when used), loosening and emulsifying tough soils and
permitting them to pass
freely into the absorbent layer of the pad. The scrubbing layer preferably
contains openings (e.g.,
slits) that provide an easy avenue for larger particulate soil to move freely
in and become
entrapped within the absorbent layer of the pad. Low density structures are
preferred for use as
the scrubbing layer, to facilitate transport of particulate matter to the
pad's absorbent layer. In
order to provide desired integrity, materials particularly suitable for the
scrubbing layer include
synthetics such as polyolefins (e.g., polyethylene and polypropylene),
polyesters, polyamides,
synthetic cellulosics (e.g., Rayon ), and blends thereof. Such synthetic
materials can be
manufactured using known process such as carded, spunbond, meltblown, airlaid,
needle
punched and the like.
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Cleaning pads of the present invention optionally have an attachment layer
that allows the
pad to be connected to an implement's handle or the support head in preferred
implements. The
attachment layer will be necessary in those embodiments where the absorbent
layer is not
suitable for attaching the pad to the support head of the handle. The
attachment layer can also
5 function as a means to prevent fluid flow through the top surface (i.e.,
the handle-contacting
surface) of the cleaning pad, and can further provide enhanced integrity of
the pad. As with the
scrubbing and absorbent layers, the attachment layer can consist of a mono-
layer or a multi-layer
structure, so long as it meets the above requirements. The attachment layer
can comprise a
surface which is capable of being mechanically attached to the handle's
support head by use of
10 known hook and loop technology. In such an embodiment, the attachment
layer will comprise at
least one surface which is mechanically attachable to hooks that are
permanently affixed to the
bottom surface of the handle's support head.
The present invention also includes processes for cleaning a surface,
preferably a hard
surface, comprising the step of contacting, preferably wiping, said surface
using an aqueous
15 composition comprising soil capture agent and preferably a surface
stickiness mitigator. For
floor cleaning, the compositions can be used in conjunction with conventional
mop/cloth and
bucket type cleaning systems. These include sponge, string and strip mops.
Alternatively, the
floor cleaning process can be accomplished using a disposable premoistened
wipe or pad
comprising an aqueous composition comprising soil capture agent. Examples of
such systems
20 include Pledge Wet and Swifer Wet . In yet another embodiment, the
cleaning process is
accomplished using a kit comprising a cleaning implement, dry cleaning pads
that are fitted to
the cleaning implement, and an aqueous composition comprising soil capture
agent. Examples
of such a system include Clorox Ready Mop and Swiffer Wet Jet (for Wet Jet
the disposable
dry pads also comprises superabsorbent polymer). The process for cleaning in
each case consists
25 of wetting the floor thoroughly with the aqueous composition. A
preferred wiping pattern
consists of an up-and-down overlapping motion starting in the bottom left hand
(or right hand)
side of the section to be cleaned, and continuing the wiping pattern across
the floor continuing to
use up-and-down wiping motions. Wiping is then continued beginning at the top
right (or left)
side of the section to be cleaned and reversing the direction of the wipe
pattern using a side-to-
30 side motion. Another preferred wipe pattern consists of an up-and-down
wiping motion,
followed by an up-and-down wiping motion in the reverse direction. All
preferred wiping
patterns above can be conveyed to the consumer via instructions for use listed
in the kit or
package artwork.
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For cleaning of smaller sized hard surfaces, including, but not limited to,
tiles, windows,
window and door blinds and shades, sinks, showers, car interiors, vanities,
wall areas,
countertops, appliances and tables, the compositions are preferably used in
the form of a ready-
to-use spray bottle or aerosol can. Accordingly, the composition comprising
the copolymer of
the invention is contacted with the surface to he treated and then spread and
wiped up by means
of a cleaning implement. Examples of cleaning implements in this context
include cotton cloths,
sponges, paper towels and chamois. Alternatively, the composition comprising
soil capture
agent can be incorporated into a premoistened wipe or pad. In such a case, the
premoistened
wipe or pad is wiped on the surface to be cleaned and across the soiled
area(s), preferably using
side-to-side wiping motions. Removal of the soil is visually evident because
of visible soil
agglomeration on the wipe.
The process of cleaning a hard surface or an object
The present disclosure further encompasses a process of cleaning a hard
surface or an
object.
The process can include the steps of: applying a cleaning composition
comprising a soil
capture agent onto a hard surface or an object; leaving said composition on
said hard-surface or
said object to act; optionally wiping said hard-surface or object and/or
providing mechanical
agitation, and then rinsing said hard-surface or said object. In other
embodiments, the soil
capture agent can be applied to the article prior to being applied to a hard
surface or object.
The cleaning systems (e.g., article and the soil capture agent) particularly
suitable for
treating hard surfaces located in and around the house, such as in bathrooms,
toilets, garages, on
driveways, basements. gardens, kitchens, etc.
()ther suitable applications of an article in combination with the soil
capture agent
described herein for purposes of capturing soil will be appreciated by those
having skill in the art.
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being
strictly
limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise
specified, each such
dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range
surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as "40 mm" is
intended to mean
"about 40 min."
For clarity purposes, the total "% wt" values do not exceed 100% wt.
The citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission that it is
prior
art with respect 10 the present invention. To the extent that any meaning or
definition of a tem in
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this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same tem in a
document
referenced, the meaning or definition assigned to that the term in this
document shall
govern.
The scope of the claims should not be limited by the preferred embodiments
set forth in the examples, but should be given the broadest interpretation
consistent
with the description as a whole. It is therefore intended to cover in the
appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention
