Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Tunnelling or extraction machine
The present invention relates to a tunnelling or extraction machine comprising
cutting tools, which are movable over the heading face and are arranged on a
boom, and a platform which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the
machine and carries roadway support devices.
Such a tunnelling or extraction machine was known from AT 507495 Al.
When securing and supporting a tunnelled roadway, usually various types of
securing and roadway support devices are provided, wherein, depending on
the structure of the rock, in addition to anchor-boring and anchor-setting
devices shotcrete manipulators or devices for manipulating and positioning
support frames or arches are also required. Conventional tunnelling or
extraction machines do not fully meet these requirements, since the different
types of roadway support devices cannot be provided at the same time and at a
suitable position in a space-saving manner. For example, manipulation devices
for support elements, such as support frames or support arches, have been
proposed which are separate from the tunnelling or extraction machine. The
effort required for roadway securing and support measures is, however,
considerably increased by providing separate devices, wherein, due to the
constricted available space in the supported roadway, difficulties arise with
respect to carrying out the support measures also at a position directly
behind
the heading face.
An anchor-boring and anchor-setting device arranged on a sliding track is
known from AT 502 047 A4, in which an additional manipulator for lifting and
for
mounting covering mats is fastened to a rollover of the anchor-boring and
anchor-setting device. An embodiment of a support device having two anchor-
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boring and anchor-setting devices which are pivotably supported on an anchor
platform which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the machine is the
subject matter of AT 413230 B.
DE 29 34 625 Al discloses a combination of a tunnelling machine with support
devices, in which a support manipulator is fixed onto a sliding track, so that
pre-
assembled support arches can be conveyed along the tunnelling machine and
positioned in the roadway in the front area of the tunnelling machine.
1$3 In contrast, in the case of the subject matter in DE 34 13 261 Al, a
revolving
crane is used which is fixed onto the rear side of the tunnelling machine for
lifting up the pre-assembled support arches and for transferring to a support
manipulator which can be moved on the sliding track.
A further example for a support manipulator which can be moved on a sliding
track can be learned from DE 29 08 452 Al.
Therefore, on the one hand, the described embodiments relate to the providing
of individual roadway support devices in connection with a tunnelling machine,
whereby although a specific operation within the scope of the roadway support
process can be mechanised and efficiently designed, manual operations are
still necessary. On the other hand, the described embodiments relate to multi-
functional solutions (e.g. AT 507495 Al), which although they are versatile in
their use, in individual cases modifications have to be made, which makes a
mechanised method of operation difficult.
The invention therefore aims to develop a tunnelling machine with integrated
roadway support devices further, to the effect that the degree of
mechanisation
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can be considerably increased for a combined roadway support process. At the
same time, the individual support devices should be able to be positioned on
the tunnelling machine such that the lowest possible headway can be achieved.
In order to achieve this object, the invention essentially makes provision for
the
roadway support devices to comprise a support manipulator and an anchor-
boring and anchor-setting device, wherein the anchor-boring and anchor-
setting device is fastened to the movable platform in a pivotable manner
between a parked position and an operating position and the support
manipulator has a telescopic arm which is fastened to the movable platform in
a vertically pivotable manner and which carries a gripping device for
temporarily taking at least one support element, in particular a support arch,
wherein the support manipulator and the anchor-boring and anchor-setting
device are fastened to the movable platform at a predefined, fixed distance
apart from one another and are displaceable together with the movable
platform between a retracted position and a forwardly displaced position.
In a further embodiment of this invention, provision is essentially made for
the
roadway support devices to comprise an anchor-boring and anchor-setting
device and a supporting device assigned to it for the roof, wherein the anchor-
boring and anchor-setting device is fastened to the movable platform in a
pivotable manner between a parked position and an operating position and the
supporting device has a telescopic arm which is fastened to the movable
platform in a vertically pivotable manner, wherein the supporting device and
the
anchor-boring and anchor-setting device are fastened to the movable platform
at a predefined, fixed distance apart from one another and are displaceable
together with the movable platform between a retracted position and a
forwardly displaced position.
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As a result of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device being pivotably
arranged between a parked position and an operating position, the anchor-
boring and anchor-setting device can be placed out of the way during heading
to save space without hampering the cutting process. In the parked position,
the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device is preferably folded-up flat on
the
movable platform. As a result of the support manipulator or the supporting
device having a telescopic arm which is fastened to the movable platform in a
vertically pivotable manner, for heading, the support manipulator or the
supporting device can be pivoted downwards onto the movable platform, in
1.0 order to thereby minimise the space taken up. The telescopic vertically
pivotable arm of the support manipulator, according to the invention has a
gripping device, by which the individual segments or already screwed together
multiple segments of the support elements, in particular support arches, are
held and brought into the installation position.
Due to the pivotable and telescopic design of the arm, the gripping device
along with the support element temporarily held in the gripping device can be
precisely positioned. After the gripping device has brought the at least one
support element to the intended position, the support element is mounted as a
rule from the bottom up, wherein firstly the props are positioned and the
support arch is connected to the previous support arch via spacer bars.
As a result of the support manipulator or the support device and the anchor-
boring and anchor-setting device being fastened to the movable platform at a
predefined, fixed distance apart from one another, it is not necessary to set
the
mutual positions of the two support devices, so that manipulation is made
simpler and mechanisation can be improved. The operating position of the
anchor-boring and anchor-setting device relative to the support manipulator is
in particular chosen such that anchors can be set in the area of the vertical
plane defined by the support element positioned by the gripping element. In
the
case of the supporting device, the operating position of the anchor-boring and
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anchor-setting device relative to the supporting device is chosen such that
anchors can be set in the area of the roof supported by the supporting device.
In this connection, a preferred further embodiment makes provision for the
5 supporting device to have a supporting plate which can be pressed against
the
roof.
In this connection, a preferred further embodiment makes provision for the
operating position to be chosen such that the anchor-boring and anchor-setting
1.0 device and the supporting device in the operating position become
effective in
an area of the roof located in front of the cutting tools.
According to a preferred further embodiment, the mechanisation of the roadway
support process can be further improved by the roadway support devices
further comprising a lifting crane which has a telescopic jib rotatable about
a
horizontal rotational axis. Here, the lifting crane is preferably fastened to
the
movable platform at a predefined, fixed distance from the support manipulator
or supporting device. Overall, the movable platform carries all essential
roadway support devices required for the roadway support process, namely the
lifting crane, the support manipulator or the supporting device and the anchor-
boring and anchor-setting device. The roadway support process is preferably
carried out in such a way that the lifting crane in the retracted position of
the
platform firstly grips at least one roadway support element, lifts it up,
conveys it
forwards by pivoting the crane jib and deposits it in a holding device of the
gripping device. Then, the movable platform is forwardly displaced and the at
least one support element is pressed onto the roof by means of the telescopic
arm of the support manipulator.
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In this connection, a preferred further embodiment makes provision for the
gripping device to comprise at least one, preferably two, holding pocket(s)
for a
support element in each case, in particular for a support arch. In the case of
one embodiment with two holding pockets, two support elements, in particular
support arches, can consequently be brought into the assembly positions at the
same time, so that the speed of the roadway support process can be increased.
Furthermore, at the same time, the desired distance between two consecutive
support elements is predefined by the distance between the two holding
pockets.
If, according to a preferred further embodiment, the gripping device comprises
a carrying device, which in particular is arch-like, for temporarily taking a
covering mat, at the same time, a covering mat can be positioned by the
gripping device or the support elements pressing onto the roof, so that
immediately after that the anchor-setting process can be begun.
In order to increase the stability of the platform, provision is preferably
made for
the platform to be supported in the upwardly displaced position on a support
arranged on the boom.
Pivoting of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device between the parked
position and the operating position and the degree of freedom required for
setting the anchors in the entire roadway profile are particularly easily
achieved
in terms of design by providing a pivoting device for pivoting the anchor-
boring
and anchor-setting device between the parked position and the operating
position, on which pivoting device a rollover is arranged, by means of which
the
anchor-boring and anchor-setting device in the operating position is pivotable
about a rotational axis running in the longitudinal direction of the machine.
It is
particularly advantageous here if the pivoting device is arranged on the front
end of the movable platform. This enables the rollover or the anchor-boring
and
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anchor-setting device to be pivoted beyond the front end of the movable
platform downwards into the operating position, so that the most central
positioning possible is obtained of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting
device
within the roadway profile.
In order to stabilise the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device during the
boring process and when setting the anchors, the embodiment is preferably
further developed in such a way that the pivoting device has at least one
supporting prop which is extendable against the floor in the operating
position
of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device.
In order to make operation of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device
easier for operating personnel, provision is preferably made for work
platforms
to be arranged on the movable platform on both sides of the longitudinal
centre
plane of the machine. In particular, the respective work platforms can be
lowered and lifted by means of a lowering and lifting device relative to the
movable platform.
Particularly stable platform guidance is advantageous considering the forces
acting on the roadway support devices during the roadway support process.
According to a preferred further embodiment, this is achieved by the movable
platform being encompassed on both sides by guide rails arranged on a
machine frame.
The invention is explained in more detail below by means of an exemplary
embodiment schematically illustrated in the drawing. In this drawing, Fig. 1
shows a lateral view of the tunnelling or extraction machine according to
Claim
1 with the movable platform in the retracted position, Fig. 2 a front view of
the
machine according to Fig. 1, Fig. 3 a lateral view of the machine according to
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Fig. 1 with the movable platform in the forwardly displaced position, Fig. 4 a
front view of the machine according to Fig. 3, Fig. 5 an oblique view of the
machine in a roadway supported by roadway arches, Fig. 6 a lateral view of the
tunnelling or extraction machine according to Claim 2 and Fig. 7 a plan view
of
the machine according to Fig. 6.
A tunnelling or extraction machine according to Claim 1 of the present
invention
is illustrated with a 1 in Fig. 1, in which a cutting roller 3, which is
rotatable
about a horizontal axis and having a plurality of cutting tools 4 arranged on
the
periphery of the cutting roller 3, is attached to a boom 2. The boom 2 can be
vertically pivoted in the direction of the double arrow 5, so that the cutting
tools
can be moved over the heading face which is not illustrated. Clearing tools
for
the excavated material, by means of which excavated material can be
transferred to a conveying device extending in the longitudinal direction of
the
machine, are indicated with a 6. The excavated material is transported to the
rear end 7 of the machine by means of the conveying device, where it is, for
example, transferred to a stationary conveying device in the form of a belt
conveyor or chain conveyor. The machine 1 further has a caterpillar traction
unit 8.
Guide rails 9 are arranged on the machine frame of the machine 1 on both
sides of the longitudinal centre plane of the machine, in which a movable
platform 10 is displaceably guided in the direction of the double arrow 11.
The
movable platform 10 carries a plurality of roadway support devices, namely a
lifting crane 12, a support manipulator 13 and an anchor-boring and anchor-
setting device 14. The movable plafform 10 is illustrated in the retracted
position in Fig. 1. In this parked position, the roadway support devices 12,
13,
14 are folded up, in order to minimise the space taken up and hinder the
cutting
process as little as possible. Thus, for example, the telescopic jib 15 of the
lifting crane 12 is pivoted downwards, namely in particular into a position
parallel to the movable platform 10. The telescopic arm 16 of the support
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manipulator 13 is also in a position which is pivoted downwards, whereby the
gripping device 17 of the support manipulator also comes to rest on the
movable plafform 10. The anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14
comprises a pivoting device 18, by means of which the anchor-boring and
anchor-setting device 14 can be pivoted back and forth between the parked
position illustrated in Fig. 1 and the operating position illustrated in Fig.
3. In the
parked position illustrated in Fig. 1, the anchor-boring and anchor-setting
device 14 preferably runs transverse to the longitudinal direction of the
machine
as can be particularly clearly identified in the front view according to Fig.
2. In
the parked position of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14
illustrated in Fig. 1, only the support props 19 jut out from the movable
platform
10.
In the front view according to Fig. 2, it can be identified that the guide
rails 9 in
each case have a U-shaped cross-section, which encompass lateral guide
elements 20 of the movable platform 10. Furthermore, it can be seen that the
anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 is positioned transversely in the
parked position, i.e. it extends transverse to the longitudinal direction of
the
machine. Furthermore, the conveying device 21 arranged between the two
clearing tools 6 and extending in the longitudinal direction of the machine
can
be identified in Fig. 2.
In Fig. 3, the machine illustrated in Fig. 1 is illustrated with a forwardly
displaced platform 10 and roadway support devices brought into the operating
position. The movable platform 10 is moved forward by means of the
schematically illustrated displacement drive 22, wherein the displacement
drive
is, for example, formed by a chain drive. In the forwardly moved position of
the
platform 10 it is supported on a support 23 of the boom 2. The telescopic arm
16 of the support manipulator 13 has been extended and pivoted upwards by
means of the hydraulic cylinder piston power unit 24. The pivot pin of the arm
16 is indicated with a 25. The gripping device 17 is also in the operating
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position and fastened to the arm 16 in a pivotable manner via a hinge 26. The
pivot drive of the gripping device 17 is formed by the hydraulic cylinder
piston
power unit 27. The gripping device 17 has two holding pockets 28, in which, as
shown in Fig. 5, in each case a support arch can be taken or held.
5 The anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 is pivoted from the parked
position (Fig. 1) into the operating position (Fig. 3) by means of the
pivoting
device 18. For this purpose, the pivoting device 18 comprises a pivot arm 28
which can be pivoted about the pivot pin 30 by means of the hydraulic cylinder
piston power unit 29. The pivot arm 28 carries a rollover 31, to which the
10 anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 is attached and which enables
the
anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 to be pivoted about the pivot axis
32. In Fig. 3, it can be seen that the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device
14 is placed at right angles to the roof in the operating position, wherein
the
mutual positioning of the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 and the
support manipulator 13 is made in such a way that anchors can be set between
the support arches held in the holding pockets 28 of the gripping device 17.
Starting from the position illustrated in Fig. 3, the anchor-boring and anchor-
setting device 14 can be pivoted about the axis 32, whereby anchors can be
set in the entire roadway profile in the vertical plane lying between the two
support arches.
In Fig. 4, the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14 is illustrated in a
downwardly pivoted position, in which anchors can be set near the floor.
Furthermore, it can be seen both in Fig. 3 and in Fig. 4 that the anchor-
boring
and anchor-setting device 14 can be supported and stabilised by means of
supports props 19 which are extendable against the floor. Furthermore, on both
sides of the longitudinal centre plane of the machine in each case a lowered
work platform 33 can be seen which allows the operating personnel to get
closer to the support arches or the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device
14.
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In Fig. 4, the roadway profile is indicated with a 34. The support arch 35 is
taken/held in the gripping device 17, which support arch 35 with the
interpositioning of reinforcement elements 36 supports the roadway profile.
Furthermore, a covering mat 37 can be seen which is pressed against the roof
by means of an arch-like carrying device 38 arranged on the gripping device
17.
In the oblique view according to Fig. 5, now an entire roadway section can be
seen, into which a plurality of support arches 35 are inserted to stabilise
the
roadway profile 34. It can be seen that two support arches 35 are respectively
taken in the gripping device 17 or its holding pockets 28. Otherwise, the
lo illustration according to Fig. 5 corresponds to those of Figs. 3 and 4
and so
accordingly the same reference numbers have been retained.
In Fig. 6, a tunnelling or extraction machine 39 according to Claim 2 is
illustrated in the operating position which comprises a supporting device 40
(for
the roof) assigned to the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14. The
supporting device 40 and the anchor-boring and anchor-setting device 14
arranged on both sides of the centre plane are fastened to the movable
platform 10 at a predetermined, fixed distance from one another. The
supporting device 40 has a telescopic arm 41 which is fastened to the movable
platform 10 in a vertically pivotable manner. Otherwise, the embodiment
according to Figs. 6 and 7 corresponds to the embodiment according to Figs. 1
to 5 and therefore the reference numbers in Figures 1 to 5 have been retained.
In the plan view according to Fig. 7, the arrangement of the anchor-boring and
anchor-setting device 14 and the supporting device 40 in relation to one
another can be seen, which has been chosen in such a way that the supporting
device presses against the roof during the anchoring process and secures the
roof area which has still not been anchored.
