Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02873251 2014-11-12
SMALL-RESISTANCE AND HIGH-EFFICIENCY DIGGING APPARATUS
WITH MULTIPLE LAYERS OF IMPACT HEADS
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of machinery, and in particular
relates to a
small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of
impact
heads, which is applicable to the digging field or the field of engineering
machinery.
Background of the Invention
At present, most of the coal mining machines and heading machines adopt drum-
type
rotary milling blanking, and most of the excavators dig and break materials
with
single buckets or single-tooth impact heads. With the development of
technology,
reciprocating impact type coal mining machines, reciprocating impact type
heading
machines and reciprocating impact type excavators are invented, which are
collectively named as reciprocating impact digging machines. The impact heads
of the
reciprocating impact digging machines have the advantages of high lump
material
digging rate, less dust and low energy consumption, but the digging height
and/or
width of the impact heads may not meet the requirement for digging thick coal
seams,
high coal seams, thick rock strata, high rock strata, thick cement concrete,
wide
cement concrete, thick asphalt concrete, wide asphalt concrete, thick hardened
mudstones or wide hardened mudstones, and to meet this requirement, the
present
invention provides a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus
with
multiple layers of impact heads.
Summary of the Invention
The present invention is realized through the following technical scheme: a
small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of
impact
heads includes an impact power device and impact heads, and is characterized
in that
the impact heads are arranged at one end or two ends of the impact power
device,
more than two impact heads are arranged at each end of the impact power
device, and
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the more than two impact heads are arranged vertically and/or bilaterally, so
as to
increase the digging height and/or digging width.
The small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple
layers of
impact heads includes an impact power device, wherein the impact power device
includes an impact power box or an impact power support; the impact power box
includes an impact mechanism, a guide mechanism and a box body; the impact
mechanism is a hydraulic impact mechanism or a pneumatic impact mechanism or
an
electric impact mechanism; the electric impact mechanism includes a central
shaft, a
driving gear, a transmission gear, a crankshaft and a connecting rod; the
connecting
rod includes a power impact member, the connecting rod is separately connected
with
or integrated with the power impact member, the box body supports the central
shaft,
and the driving gear is arranged on the central shaft or integrated with the
central shaft;
the box body supports the crankshaft, the transmission gear is arranged on the
crankshaft and separately connected with or integrated with the crankshaft,
the driving
gear is engaged with the transmission gear, one end of the connecting rod is
connected
with the crankshaft, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with
an
impact head; the box body supports the guide mechanism which includes an
impact
guide member, impact heads are arranged at one end or two ends of the impact
guide
member, and the impact guide member is separated from or separately connected
or
integrated with the impact heads; and the central shaft drives the driving
gear to rotate,
the driving gear drives the transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear
drives the
crankshaft to rotate, the crankshaft drives the connecting rod to reciprocate,
the
connecting rod drives the impact heads to reciprocate, and the impact heads
are
guided by the impact guide member to reciprocate. The impact guide member is
separated from or separately connected or integrated with the power impact
member.
The impact power device includes a box body, plug hammers and a control valve,
wherein the box body includes more than two cavities, more than two plug
hammers
are arranged in the more than two cavities, the control valve controls liquid
or gas, the
liquid or the gas drives the more than two plug hammers to reciprocate, the
more than
two plug hammers drive more than two impact heads to reciprocate, and the more
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than two cavities are arranged vertically and/or bilaterally to increase the
digging
height or width.
Each plug hammer includes a plug rod, and damage-proof power impact member
mechanisms are arranged at one end or two ends of the plug rod.
The driving gear drives more than one transmission gear.
The crankshaft and/or the central shaft include two or more eccentric shafts.
The driving gear drives the transmission gears to rotate, each transmission
gear drives
the crankshaft to rotate, and more than one eccentric shaft is at least
arranged on the
crankshaft.
The more than one crankshaft is arranged symmetrically or asymmetrically
relative to
the central shaft.
More than one eccentric shaft is arranged on the central shaft, and the
eccentric shaft
is hinged with a connecting rod.
The eccentric shaft is arranged on more than one side of the transmission gear
and/or
the driving gear.
The impact power device includes a guide mechanism, the guide mechanism is a
suspended friction guide mechanism or a rolling friction guide mechanism or a
sliding
friction guide mechanism, and the guide mechanism includes impact guide
members,
a guide supporting member and a guide body, wherein the guide supporting
member
is separated from or separately connected or integrated with the box body, and
the
guide body is arranged between the guide supporting member and the impact
guide
members.
Two impact heads move in a front-and-back staggered manner.
The impact guide members which are adjacent to the two impact heads and move
in a
front-and-back staggered manner share one guide body to save space.
A connecting rod drives one or more impact heads.
Damage-proof power impact member mechanisms are arranged at one end or two
ends of the connecting rod, each damage-proof power impact member mechanism
includes a rotary or split or buffering damage-proof power impact member
mechanism, the counterforce produced when the impact heads impact a material
layer
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is applied to the damage-proof power impact member mechanism, and the rotary
damage-proof power impact member mechanism rotates to decompose the impact
counterforce or the split damage-proof power impact member mechanism is split
to
isolate the impact counterforce or the buffering damage-proof power impact
member
mechanism absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce by buffering, so as
to
prevent the impact counterforce from damaging the impact power device.
The rotary damage-proof power impact member mechanism is a joint bearing or a
steering connector or a ball cage type universal joint or a cross universal
joint or a
bulb catching groove type universal joint or an arc-shaped catching groove
type
universal joint.
The guide body is a suspended guide body or a rolling guide body.
The rolling guide body is a spherical, elliptical, dumbbell-shaped,
cylindrical, conical,
circular, roller type, table column type, table ball type, table drum type,
groove-shaped drum type, groove-shaped column type, groove-shaped ball type,
groove-shaped roller type, groove-shaped elliptical, shaft-carrying,
perforated,
multi-edge key type, multi-edge sleeve type, rolling drum type, ball type,
rolling
needle type, drum type, linear bearing type, waist drum wheel type or combined
rolling guide body.
The suspended guide body is a suspended liquid guide body or a suspended gas
guide
body or a suspended magnetic guide body.
The plurality of impact heads alternately impact a material, so as to reduce
the
damage of the counterforce produced by simultaneous impact of the plurality of
impact heads to the impact power device.
A lubricating liquid passage is formed in the central shaft and/or the
crankshaft and/or
the connecting rod.
Each impact head includes impact teeth and a rack.
The impact teeth are arranged in a step shape on the rack to form a step-type
or
conical impact head, so as to impact the material layer into a step shape and
break the
structural strength of a material layer; the step-type impact head
continuously impacts
the step-shaped material layer, so as to reduce the impact resistance and
increase the
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digging depth; and the step-shaped material layer is dug to lump granularity
suitable
for transport and use during the next impact.
A water spray mechanism and/or a mist spray mechanism are arranged on the
rack.
The impact teeth include surface cleaning teeth and/or blanking teeth, wherein
the
surface cleaning teeth clean the material layer into a required shape, so as
to facilitate
supporting and passing of the machine body.
The small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple
layers of
impact heads includes a machine body and a traveling part, wherein the impact
power
device is arranged on the machine body, the traveling part drives the machine
body to
travel, and the machine body drives the impact power device to travel.
The small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple
layers of
impact heads includes a lifting mechanism which includes a vertical lifting
mechanism or a rocker arm or a translation lifting mechanism.
The small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple
layers of
impact heads includes a rocker arm, wherein one end of the rocker arm is
arranged on
the machine body, and the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the
impact
power device.
The machine body or the traveling part includes a rotary disk which is
arranged at the
front end of the upper part of the machine body or the upper part of the
traveling part
at the lower part of the machine body.
The vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is
arranged on the rotary disk, the rotary disk rotates to drive the vertical
lifting
mechanism or the rocker arm to rotate, and the vertical lifting mechanism or
the
rocker arm drives the impact power device to rotate.
The vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the impact power device is
arranged on the machine body, the rotary disk drives the machine body to
rotate, and
the machine body drives the impact power device to rotate.
The rocker arm includes a four-link rocker arm mechanism or a single rocker
arm
mechanism.
The single rocker arm mechanism is a rotary, telescopic, telescopic rotary or
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
single rocker arm mechanism.
Each impact head is supported and guided by one or more impact guide members
to
form a multi-point supporting structure so as to centralize the impact
direction of the
impact head.
Each impact head includes an outer-layer material impact mechanism and an
inner-layer material impact mechanism, the outer-layer material impact
mechanism is
arranged close to the inner-layer material impact mechanism, the outer-layer
material
impact mechanism includes outer-material impacting teeth, the inner-layer
material
impact mechanism includes inner-material impacting teeth, the shape and/or
arrangement of the outer-material impacting teeth are favorable for impacting
the
outer material of a material layer to be dug, gaps between the outer-material
impacting teeth are favorable for the flowing of the material fallen because
of
impaction of the inner-layer material impact mechanism thereto or the outer-
layer
material impact mechanism is provided with a discharging hole for discharging
the
material fallen because of impaction of the inner-layer material impact
mechanism,
and the inner-layer material impact mechanism is matched with the outer-layer
material impact mechanism to realize impact blanking and discharging, so that
the
continuously dug material may smoothly pass through the machine body.
The outer-layer material impact mechanism includes outer-material impacting
teeth,
an outer-material impacting tooth holder and an outer-material impacting
protective
member, wherein the outer-material impacting tooth holder is separately
connected or
integrated with the outer-material impacting teeth; the inner-layer material
impact
mechanism includes inner-material impacting teeth, an inner-material impacting
tooth
holder and an inner-material impacting protective member, wherein the inner-
material
impacting tooth holder is separately connected or integrated with the inner-
material
impacting teeth; the outer-material impacting protective member is separately
connected or integrated with the outer-material impacting tooth holder, and
the
inner-material impacting protective member is separately connected or
integrated with
the inner-material impacting tooth holder; the impact power box drives the
outer-layer
material impact mechanism and the inner-layer material impact mechanism to
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reciprocate; and the outer-material impacting protective member and the impact
power box as well as the inner-material impacting protective member and the
impact
power box are partially superposed all the time, so as to prevent the material
from
entering the outer-material impacting protective member and the impact power
box
and/or prevent the material from entering the inner-material impacting
protective
member and the impact power box.
The outer-material impacting protective member includes an outer-material
impacting
protective plate which is arranged around the outer-material impacting tooth
holder,
and the inner-material impacting protective member includes an inner-material
impacting protective plate which is arranged around the inner-material
impacting
tooth holder.
The inner-material impacting protective member reciprocates along with the
inner-material impacting tooth holder, the outer-material impacting protective
member
reciprocates along with the outer-material impacting tooth holder, the inner-
material
impacting protective plate and the outer-material impacting protective plate
are
attached to the impact power box to reciprocate, and each attached part is
provided
with an anti-wear gap.
The inner-material impacting protective plate includes an inner-material
impacting
protective plate sealing member, the outer-material impacting protective plate
includes an outer-material impacting protective plate sealing member, the
inner-material impacting protective plate sealing member and/or the outer-
material
impacting protective plate sealing member are arranged at the ends superposed
with
the impact power box all the time, and the impact power box includes an impact
power box sealing member which is arranged at the end superposed with the
inner-material impacting protective plate and the outer-material impacting
protective
plate all the time.
A sealing member is arranged at the joint part of the inner-material impacting
protective plate and the inner-material impacting tooth holder, and a sealing
member
is arranged at the joint part of the outer-material impacting protective plate
and the
outer-material impacting tooth holder.
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The impact power box includes a protective plate travel groove, the outer-
material
impacting protective member includes an outer-material impacting protective
plate,
the inner-material impacting protective member includes an inner-material
impacting
protective plate, and the adjacent parts of the inner-material impacting
protective plate
and the outer-material impacting protective plate reciprocate in the
protective plate
travel groove.
An elastomer is arranged in the protective plate travel groove.
An elastomer is arranged at the free end of the outer-material impacting
protective
plate and/or an elastomer is arranged at the free end of the inner-material
impacting
protective plate.
The elastomer shakes off and ejects the material brought by the outer-material
impacting protective plate and/or the inner-material impacting protective
plate and/or
the material falling into the protective plate travel groove through elastic
deformation.
The elastomer absorbs the impact counterforce of the outer-layer material
impact
mechanism and/or the inner-layer material impact mechanism through elastic
deformation.
The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus
with
multiple layers of impact heads, the impact heads are arranged at one end or
two ends
of the impact power device, more than two impact heads are arranged at each
end of
the impact power device, and the more than two impact heads are arranged
vertically
and/or bilaterally, so as to increase the digging height and/or digging width;
(2) according to the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus
with
multiple layers of impact heads, the driving gear drives the transmission
gears to
rotate, and the transmission gears drive the crankshaft to rotate, thus a
plurality of
impact heads are added for impact blanking, and the defects that an impact
head bears
over-high impact resistance, is low in efficiency and the like because the
impact head
is made to be over high and over wide in order to increase the digging height
when a
crankshaft drives a layer of impact heads to impact are overcome;
(3) the driving gear drives more than two transmission gears to rotate, so
that an
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impact structure of multiple layers of vertical and/or bilateral impact heads
may be
formed, and the plurality of impact heads increase the digging height and the
digging
width; when each impact head carries out impacting, as the width and height of
the
impact head are moderate and reasonable, the impact resistance is greatly
reduced,
and break-off of single impact shovels on the impact counterforce of the
impact
power box is reduced; a plurality of impact shovels alternately carry out
impacting, so
that the impact power is utilized reasonably, and the efficiency is high;
(4) the gears are movably connected with each other, so that certain break-off
resistance and buffering effect are achieved;
(5) more than one crankshaft is arranged symmetrically relative to the central
shaft, so
that the structure is stable, and the stress is balanced;
(6) more than one eccentric shaft is arranged on the central shaft, and the
central shaft
drives more than one impact head to carry out impacting, so that the central
shaft has
a transmission function and an impact blanking function, the space utilization
rate is
high and the structure is compact;
(7) the eccentric shafts are arranged on the two sides of the transmission
gear and/or
the driving wheel and are supported by the box body or the bracket, so that
the
structure is reasonable and stable;
(8) the plurality of impact heads move in the front-and-back staggered manner,
so that
the power is concentrated on an impact head, the instantaneous impact bursting
force
is large and the impact strength is high; the plurality of impact heads
alternately carry
out impacting, so that the digging height is large, the amplitude is wide and
the
efficiency is high;
(9) two adjacent impact heads move in the front-and-back staggered manner, and
the
impact guide members of the impact heads share one guide body, so that the
space
and components are saved;
(10) more than two eccentric shafts are arranged on the side of each gear, so
that the
digging height and/or width are further increased;
(11) the damage-proof power impact member mechanism is arranged between each
connecting rod and each impact head, the counterforce produced when the impact
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head impacts the material layer is applied to the damage-proof power impact
member
mechanism, the rotary damage-proof power impact member mechanism rotates to
decompose the impact counterforce or the split damage-proof power impact
member
mechanism is split to isolate the impact counterforce or the buffering damage-
proof
power impact member mechanism absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce
by buffering, so as to prevent the impact counterforce from damaging the
impact
power device;
(12) the rolling guide body and/or the suspended guide body greatly reduce the
reciprocating impact friction resistance, reduce the noise and improve the
efficiency;
(13) through the lubricating liquid passages arranged in the central shaft
and/or the
crankshaft and/or the connecting rod, the lubricating and cooling effect on
the central
shaft, the crankshaft and the connecting rod is improved, and the operating
reliability
of the system is ensured;
(14) the water spray mechanism or the mist spray mechanism arranged on the
rack
reduces sparks and achieves a good cooling effect on the impact teeth;
(15) the surface cleaning teeth and/or the blanking teeth are used together,
so that
blanking and surface cleaning are realized, smooth passing of the machine body
is
ensured, and the blanking efficiency is improved;
(16) the rotary disk is arranged at the front end of the upper part of the
machine body,
the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm is arranged on the rotary
disk, the
rotary disk rotates to drive the rocker arm to rotate, and the rocker arm
drives the
impact power device to rotate, so that multi-directional impact blanking and
digging
are realized;
(17) the rotary disk is arranged at the upper part of the traveling part at
the lower part
of the machine body, the vertical lifting mechanism or the rocker arm or the
power
impact device is arranged on the machine body, the rotary disk drives the
machine
body to rotate, and the machine body drives the impact power device to rotate,
so that
multi-directional impact blanking and digging are realized;
(18) the four-link rocker arm mechanism ensures that the impact guide members
are
parallel to the machine body all the time, and ensures that the impact heads
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
vertical to the impact material layer;
(19) the rotary, telescopic, telescopic rotary or bent single rocker arm
mechanism
increases the impact digging flexibility of the impact heads, and increases
the impact
digging width and/or height of the impact heads;
(20) each impact head is supported and guided by more than two impact guide
members to form a multi-point supporting structure, so as to centralize the
impact
direction of the impact head and reduce the pressure and damage when the
single
impact guide member supports the impact head;
(21) the shape and/or arrangement of the outer-material impacting teeth are
favorable
for impacting the outer material of the material layer to be dug, the gaps
between the
outer-material impacting teeth are favorable for the flowing of the material
fallen
because of impaction of the inner-layer material impact mechanism thereto or
the
outer-layer material impact mechanism is provided with the discharging hole
for
discharging the material fallen because of impaction of the inner-layer
material impact
mechanism, and the inner-layer material impact mechanism is matched with the
outer-layer material impact mechanism to realize impact blanking and
discharging, so
that the continuously dug material may smoothly pass through the machine body;
(22) the impact power box drives the outer-layer material impact mechanism and
the
inner-layer material impact mechanism to reciprocate, and the outer-material
impacting protective member and the impact power box as well as the inner-
material
impacting protective member and the impact power box are partially superposed
all
the time, so as to prevent the material from entering the outer-material
impacting
protective member and the impact power box and/or prevent the material from
entering the inner-material impacting protective member and the impact power
box,
prevent the obstruction to the impact travel because the material enters the
space
between the impact power box and the outer-layer material impact mechanism
and/or
between the impact power box and the inner-layer material impact mechanism,
and
improve the cleanliness of working components of the impact power device;
(23) the inner-material impacting protective plate sealing member and/or the
outer-material impacting protective plate sealing member are arranged at the
ends
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superposed with the impact power box all the time, and the impact power box
sealing
member is arranged at the end superposed with the inner-material impacting
protective plate and the outer-material impacting protective plate all the
time, so that
the cleanliness of the working components of the impact power device is
further
improved, and the operating safety and reliability of the apparatus are
ensured;
(24) the elastomer is arranged in the protective plate travel groove, the
elastomer is
arranged at the free end of the outer-material impacting protective plate
and/or the
free end of the inner-material impacting protective plate, the elastomer
shakes off and
ejects the material brought by the outer-material impacting protective plate
and/or the
inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the other material falling
into the
protective plate travel groove through elastic deformation, and the elastomer
absorbs
the impact counterforce of the outer-layer material impact mechanism and/or
the
inner-layer material impact mechanism through elastic deformation, so that
safe
operation of the whole apparatus is ensured.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 2;
Fig. 3 is a top view of the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 2;
Fig. 4 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 3;
Fig. 5 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 4;
Fig. 6 is a profile view of the small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus
with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 4 in the A-A direction;
Fig. 7 is a front view of a connecting rod of a small-resistance and high-
efficiency
digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 5;
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Fig. 8 is a front view of a connecting rod of a small-resistance and high-
efficiency
digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 6;
Fig. 9 is a front view of a connecting rod of a small-resistance and high-
efficiency
digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 7;
Fig. 10 is a front view of an impact head of a small-resistance and high-
efficiency
digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 8;
Fig. 11 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus
with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 9;
Fig. 12 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus
with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 10;
Fig. 13 is a front view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus
with multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 11;
Fig. 14 is a top view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 12;
Fig. 15 is a front view of an outer-layer material impact mechanism of a
small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of
impact
heads in embodiment 13;
Fig. 16 is a top view of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads in embodiment 14;
In which: 1, impact power device; 2, impact head; 3, impact power box; 4,
impact
mechanism; 5, guide mechanism; 6, box body; 7, central shaft; 8, driving gear;
9,
transmission gear; 10, crankshaft; 11, connecting rod; 12, impact guide
member; 13,
plug hammer; 14, plug rod; 15, damage-proof power impact member mechanism; 16,
guide supporting member; 17, guide body; 18, lubricating liquid passage; 19,
impact
teeth; 20, rack; 21, water spray mechanism; 22, machine body; 23, traveling
part; 24,
lifting mechanism; 25, rotary disk; 26, telescopic rotary single rocker arm
mechanism;
27, bent single rocker arm mechanism; 28, outer-layer material impact
mechanism; 29,
inner-layer material impact mechanism; 30, outer-material impacting teeth; 31,
outer-material impacting tooth holder; 32, outer-material impacting protective
member; 33, inner-material impacting teeth; 34, inner-material impacting tooth
holder;
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35, inner-material impacting protective member; 36, protective plate travel
groove;
and 37, elastomer.
Detailed Description of the Embodiments
The present invention will be further described below in combination with the
accompanying drawings.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads in embodiment 1. The small-resistance and high-
efficiency
digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads includes an impact
power
device 1 and impact heads 2, wherein the impact heads 2 are arranged at two
ends of
the impact power device 1, two impact heads 2 are arranged at each end of the
impact
power device 1, and the two impact heads 2 are arranged vertically, so as to
increase
the digging height.
The impact heads 2 may be arranged at one end of the impact power device 1.
More than two impact heads may be arranged at each end of the impact power
device
1.
The impact heads 2 may be arranged bilaterally, so as to increase the digging
width.
Embodiment 2
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 2, which includes an
impact
power device 1, wherein the impact power device 1 is an impact power box 3;
the
impact power box 3 includes an impact mechanism 4, a guide mechanism 5 and a
box
body 6; the impact mechanism 4 is an electric impact mechanism, and the
electric
impact mechanism includes a central shaft 7, a driving gear 8, a transmission
gear 9, a
crankshaft 10 and a connecting rod 11; the box body 6 supports the central
shaft 7, the
driving gear 8 is arranged on the central shaft 7, the box body 6 supports the
crankshaft 10, the transmission gear 9 is arranged on the crankshaft 10 and
separately
connected with the crankshaft 10, the driving gear 8 is engaged with the
transmission
gear 9, one end of the connecting rod 11 is connected with the crankshaft 10,
and the
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other end of the connecting rod 11 is connected with an impact head 2, and the
box
body 6 supports the guide mechanism 5 which includes an impact guide member
12;
impact heads 2 are arranged at two ends of the impact guide member 12, and the
impact guide member 12 is separately connected with the impact heads 2; and
the
central shaft 7 drives the driving gear 8 to rotate, the driving gear 8 drives
the
transmission gear 9 to rotate, the transmission gear 9 drives the crankshaft
10 to rotate,
the crankshaft 10 drives the connecting rod 11 to reciprocate, the connecting
rod 11
drives the impact heads 2 to reciprocate, and the impact heads 2 are guided by
the
impact guide member 12 to reciprocate.
The impact power device 1 may be an impact power support.
The impact mechanism 4 may be a hydraulic impact mechanism or a pneumatic
impact mechanism.
The driving wheel 8 may be integrated with the central shaft 7.
The transmission gear 9 may be integrated with the crankshaft 10.
The impact guide member 12 may be separated from or integrated with the impact
heads 2.
The crankshaft 10 includes two eccentric shafts.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Fig. 4 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 3. The impact power device 1
includes a box body 6, plug hammers 13 and a control valve, wherein the box
body 6
includes two cavities, two plug hammers 13 are arranged in the two cavities,
each
plug hammer 13 includes a plug rod 14, a damage-proof power impact member
mechanism 15 is arranged at one end of the plug rod 14, the control valve
controls
liquid, the liquid drives the two plug hammers 13 to reciprocate, the two plug
hammers 13 drive two impact heads 2 to reciprocate, and the two cavities are
arranged vertically, so as to increase the digging height.
The control valve may also control gas, and the gas drives the plug hammers 13
to
reciprocate.
CA 02873251 2014-11-12
The two cavities may also be arranged bilaterally, so as to increase the
digging width.
Others are the same as those in embodiment I.
Embodiment 4
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
apparatus with
multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 4. The impact power
device
1 includes a guide mechanism 5, wherein the guide mechanism 5 is a rolling
friction
guide mechanism and includes impact guide members 12, a guide supporting
member
16 and a guide body 17; the guide supporting member is integrated with the box
body
6, the guide body 17 is arranged between the guide supporting member 16 and
the
impact guide members 12, two impact heads 2 move in a front-and-back staggered
manner, the impact guide members 12 which are adjacent to the two impact heads
2
and move in a front-and-back staggered manner share one guide body 17 so as to
save
the space, and the guide body is a waist drum wheel type rolling guide body.
The guide mechanism 5 may also be a suspended friction guide mechanism.
The guide body 17 may also be a suspended guide body or a rolling guide body.
The rolling guide body may also be a spherical, elliptical, dumbbell-shaped,
cylindrical, conical, circular, roller type, table column type, table ball
type, table drum
type, groove-shaped drum type, groove-shaped column type, groove-shaped ball
type,
groove-shaped roller type, groove-shaped elliptical, shaft-carrying,
perforated,
multi-edge key type, multi-edge sleeve type, rolling drum type, ball type,
rolling
needle type, drum type, linear bearing type rolling guide body or the like.
The suspended guide body may be a suspended liquid guide body or a suspended
gas
guide body or a suspended magnetic guide body.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 7 shows a connecting rod 11 of a small-resistance and high-efficiency
digging
apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 5. A
damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is arranged at one end of the
connecting rod 11, the damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is a
buffering damage-proof power impact member mechanism which is a disk spring,
and
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
the disk spring absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce by buffering,
so as to
prevent the impact counterforce from damaging the impact power device.
The damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 may also be a rotary or
split
damage-proof power impact member mechanism.
The rotary damage-proof power impact member mechanism may be a joint bearing
or
a steering connector or a ball cage type universal joint or a cross universal
joint or a
bulb catching groove type universal joint or an arc-shaped catching groove
type
universal joint.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 6
Fig. 8 shows a connecting rod 11 of a small-resistance and high-efficiency
digging
apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 6. A
damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is arranged at one end of the
connecting rod 11, the damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is a
buffering damage-proof power impact member mechanism which is a polyurethane
spacer, the polyurethane spacer absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce
by
buffering so as to prevent the impact counterforce from damaging the impact
power
device, and a lubricating liquid passage 18 is formed in the connecting rod
11.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 7
Fig. 9 shows a connecting rod 11 of a small-resistance and high-efficiency
digging
apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 7. A
damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is arranged at one end of the
connecting rod 11, the damage-proof power impact member mechanism 15 is a
buffering damage-proof power impact member mechanism which is a spring, and
the
spring absorbs and decomposes the impact counterforce by buffering, so as to
prevent
the impact counterforce from damaging the impact power device.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 8
Fig. 10 shows an impact head of a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads described in embodiment 8. The
impact head includes impact teeth 19 and a rack 20, wherein the impact teeth
19 are
arranged in a step shape on the rack 20 to form a step-type impact head, so as
to
impact the material layer into a step shape and break the pressure stress of a
material
layer; the step-type impact head continuously impacts the step-shaped material
layer,
so as to reduce the impact resistance and increase the digging depth; the step-
shaped
material layer is dug to lump granularity suitable for transport and use
during the next
impact; and a water spray mechanism 21 is arranged on the rack.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 9
Fig. 11 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 9, which includes an impact
power
device 1, impact heads 2, a machine body 22, a traveling part 23 and a lifting
mechanism 24, wherein the lifting mechanism 24 is a rocker arm which is a four-
link
rocker arm mechanism, one end of the rocker arm is arranged on the machine
body 22,
the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power device 1,
the
traveling part 23 drives the machine body 22 to travel, and the machine body
22
drives the impact power device 1 to travel.
The lifting mechanism 24 may be a vertical lifting mechanism, or a rocker arm
or
translation lifting mechanism.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 10
Fig. 12 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 10. The machine body 22
includes a
rotary disk 25 which is arranged at the front end of the upper part of the
machine body
22, the rocker arm is arranged on the rotary disk 25, the rotary disk 25
drives the
rocker arm to rotate, the rocker arm drives the impact power device 1 to
rotate, the
rocker arm is a single rocker arm mechanism, and the single rocker arm
mechanism is
a telescopic rotary single rocker arm mechanism 26.
The single rocker arm mechanism may also be a rotary or telescopic or bent
single
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
rocker arm mechanism.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 11
Fig. 13 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 11. The traveling part 23
includes a
rotary disk 25 which is arranged at the upper part of the traveling part 23 at
the lower
part of the machine body 22, one end of the rocker arm is ananged on the
machine
body 22, the other end of the rocker arm is connected with the impact power
device 1,
the rocker arm is a bent single rocker arm mechanism 27, the rotary disk 25
drives the
machine body 22 to rotate, the machine body 22 drives the impact power device
1 to
rotate, and each impact head 2 is supported and guided by more than two impact
guide members 12 to form a multi-point supporting structure so as to
centralize the
impact direction of the impact head 2.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 12
Fig. 14 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 12. Each impact head 2 includes
an
outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 and an inner-layer material impact
mechanism 29, and the outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 is arranged
close to
the inner-layer material impact mechanism 29; the outer-layer material impact
mechanism 28 includes outer-material impacting teeth 30, an outer-material
impacting
tooth holder 31 and an outer-material impacting protective member 32; the
outer-material impacting tooth holder 31 is separately connected with the
outer-material impacting teeth 30; the inner-layer material impact mechanism
29
includes inner-material impacting teeth 33, an inner-material impacting tooth
holder
34 and an inner-material impacting protective member 35; the inner-material
impacting tooth holder 34 is separately connected with the inner-material
impacting
teeth 33; the outer-material impacting protective member 32 is separately
connected
with the outer-material impacting tooth holder 31, and the inner-material
impacting
protective member 35 is separately connected with the inner-material impacting
tooth
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CA 02873251 2014-11-12
holder 34; the impact power box 3 drives the outer-layer material impact
mechanism
28 and the inner-layer material impact mechanism 29 to reciprocate; and the
outer-material impacting protective member 32 and the impact power box 3 as
well as
the inner-material impacting protective member 35 and the impact power box 3
are
partially superposed all the time, so as to prevent a material from entering
the
outer-material impacting protective member 32 and the impact power box 3
and/or
prevent a material from entering the inner-material impacting protective
member 35
and the impact power box 3; the shape and/or arrangement of the outer-material
impacting teeth 30 are favorable for impacting the outer material of a
material layer to
be dug, gaps between the outer-material impacting teeth 30 are favorable for
the
flowing of the material fallen because of impaction of the inner-layer
material impact
mechanism 29 thereto or the outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 is
provided
with a discharging hole for discharging the material fallen because of
impaction of the
inner-layer material impact mechanism 29, and the inner-layer material impact
mechanism 29 is matched with the outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 to
realize impact blanking and discharging, so that the continuously dug material
may
smoothly pass through the machine body 22.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 13
Fig. 15 shows an outer-layer material impact mechanism of a small-resistance
and
high-efficiency digging apparatus with multiple layers of impact heads
described in
embodiment 13. The outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 includes
outer-material impacting teeth 30, an outer-material impacting tooth holder 31
and an
outer-material impacting protective member 32, wherein the outer-material
impacting
teeth 30 are integrated with the outer-material impacting tooth holder 31, the
outer-material impacting protective member 32 is an outer-material impacting
protective plate which is arranged around the outer-material impacting tooth
holder,
and the outer-material impacting protective plate reciprocates along with the
outer-material impacting tooth holder 31.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
CA 02873251 2014-11-12
Embodiment 14
Fig. 16 shows a small-resistance and high-efficiency digging apparatus with
multiple
layers of impact heads described in embodiment 14. The impact power box 3
includes
a protective plate travel groove 36, the outer-material impacting protective
member 32
is an outer-material impacting protective plate, the inner-material impacting
protective
member 35 is an inner-material impacting protective plate, and the adjacent
parts of
the inner-material impacting protective plate and the outer-material impacting
protective plate reciprocate in the protective plate travel groove 36; an
elastomer 37 is
arranged in the protective plate travel groove 36; the elastomer 37 shakes off
and
ejects the material brought by the outer-material impacting protective plate
and/or the
inner-material impacting protective plate and/or the material falling into the
protective
plate travel groove 36 through elastic deformation; and the elastomer 37
absorbs the
impact counteiforce of the outer-layer material impact mechanism 28 and/or the
inner-layer material impact mechanism 29 through elastic deformation.
The elastomer 37 may be arranged at the free end of the outer-material
impacting
protective plate and/or the free end of the inner-material impacting
protective plate.
Others are the same as those in embodiment 1.
21
