Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Compositions, Additives, and Methods for Mitigating or Controlling Seed
Dust
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Application Serial No.
61/799,526, filed March 15, 2013 and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.
61/824,535,
filed May 13, 2013, the contents of each of these applications are herein
incorporated by
reference in their entirety.
FIELD
[0002] The disclosure provides for compounds, compositions, and methods
of
reducing dust, for example seed dust, by utilizing a dust reducing composition
described
herein. The disclosure also provides for methods of reducing seed dust
associated with the
treatment, coating, processing, transportation, storage, and/or planting of
seeds by treating a
seed with a composition described herein. Methods and compositions for
improving the
homogeneity and dispersion of an active agent on a seed surface are also
provided. The
disclosure also provides for methods of treating or washing a seed prior,
during the same time
as, or after treatment of a seed with a seed treating agent. Seeds and
compositions useful in
these methods are also described.
BACKGROUND
[0003] There is a need to develop new techniques for reducing and/or
mitigating the
amount of seed dust associated with the treatment, coating, and planting of
seeds. Depending
on the type of seed coating or treatment employed, seed dust can accumulate
during a variety
of situations associated with the processing, shipping, and/or planting of
seeds. For instance,
in situations where seeds are pre-treated with a coating agent or composition,
placed into
bags and shipped to a location, seed dust can accumulate in seed bags due to
seed-to-seed
and/or seed-to-bag interactions. Seed dust can also accumulate during the
storage or handling
of seed or seed bags. As such, there is a need to find an alternative to
traditional seed
coatings that are capable of limiting dust associated with the treating,
coating, planting,
and/or shipping of seeds. To this end, the disclosed compositions and methods
have the
ability to reduce and mitigate seed dust in a manner that was not previously
recognized.
SUMMARY
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[0004] In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing or
controlling
seed dust by treating a seed with a dust reducing composition including:
(a) one or more active agent selected from the group consisting of an
insecticide,
pesticide, and fungicide; and
(b) at least one dust reducing agent selected from the group consisting of
oil, a wetting
agent, a dispersing agent, a film forming compound, a binder, and combinations
thereof
[0005] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of
improving the
homogeneity and dispersion of an active agent on a seed by treating a seed
with a dust
reducing composition including:
(a) one or more active agent selected from the group consisting of an
insecticide,
pesticide, and fungicide; and
(b) at least one dust reducing agent selected from the group consisting of
oil, a wetting
agent, a dispersing agent, a film forming compound, a binder, and combinations
thereof
[0006] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for washing and/or
cleaning a
seed by treating a seed with a composition described herein including one or
more dust
reducing components selected from the group consisting of oil, a wetting
agent, a dispersing
agent, a film forming compound, a binder, and combinations thereof.
[0007] The disclosure also provides for methods of reducing seed dust
associated
with the treatment, coating, processing, transportation, storage, and/or
planting of seeds by
treating a seed with a composition described herein.
[0008] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for seed additive
composition or
a method of adding a dust reducing composition as an additive by treating a
seed with a dust
reducing composition including one or more dust reducing components selected
from the
group consisting of oil, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a film forming
compound, a
binder, and combinations thereof
[0009] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a dust reducing
composition
including:
(a) an active agent selected from the group consisting of an insecticide,
pesticide, and
fungicide; and
(b) a dust reducing agent selected from the group consisting of oil, a wetting
agent, a
dispersing agent, a film forming compound, a binder, and combinations thereof.
[0010] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a coated seed
including:
(a) an active agent selected from the group consisting of an insecticide,
pesticide, and
fungicide; and
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(b) a dust reducing agent selected from the group consisting of oil, a wetting
agent, a
dispersing agent, a film forming compound, a binder, and combinations thereof.
100111 In an aspect, the active agent is selected from the group
consisting of
acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, fludioxonil, imidacloprid, nitenpyram,
thiacloprid,
thiamethoxam, and combinations thereof.
[0012] In an aspect, a seed described herein is selected from the group
consisting of a
corn seed, cotton seed, sorghum seed, oat seed, cereal seed, wheat seed, rye
seed, rice seed,
rapeseed, canola seed, barley seed, soybean seed, and vegetable seed.
[0013] In another aspect, the seed is treated with the dust reducing
composition prior
to planting.
[0014] In yet another aspect, the seed is treated with the dust reducing
composition at
the same time as planting or after planting. In an aspect, the seed is planted
with a
mechanical planter.
[0015] In yet another aspect, the dust reducing composition includes one
or more dust
reducing agents selected from the group consisting of:
(a) poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)copolymer;
(b) polyurethane composition or dispersion;
(c) ethoxylated fatty acid;
(d) sorbitan monooleate;
(e) alkyl alcohol with a ethylene oxide/propylene oxide;
(f) ethoxylated oleyl alcohol; and
(g) oil.
[0016] In another aspect, the composition includes sorbitan ester, for
example such as
Span.
[0017] In another aspect, a composition capable of being used in the
methods
described herein include one or more of the compounds or compositions set
forth in the
Tables, Figure, or Examples. In another aspect, a composition capable of being
used in the
methods described herein includes one or more of the compounds or compositions
set forth in
Tables 1 ¨ 6 and Figures 3 ¨ 16, 27 ¨30, 34 ¨35, 45 ¨48, and 50¨ 52.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
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[0018] FIG. 1 sets forth a schematic hypothesis of the mechanism of
action of a seed
coated with an oil droplet, dispersant, active ingredient, and a wetting agent
according to an
aspect of the invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 sets forth factors for dust mitigation according to an
aspect of the
invention, for example, (A) uniform liquid spreading and higher surface
coverage, (B) strong
film adhesion and higher dust-off property, and (C) uniform smooth surface
with low friction
coefficient and improved abrasion resistance.
[0020] FIG. 3 sets forth the dust level (g/100 kg seed) from samples 1 ¨
12 on wheat
seed measured from components A ¨ H: (A) Luvitec OVA 64; (B) Impranil DLN 50;
(C)
Antarox B/848; (D) Ninex MT-615; (E) Tween 80; (F) Genapol 0-100; (G)
Tufflo
100; and (H) Linseed oil. The designation "-" indicates that the agent was not
present
whereas the designation "+" confirms that at least 4 weight percent of the
agent was present.
[0021] FIG. 4 sets forth an adjuvant design test of samples 1 ¨ 12
measured from
components A ¨ H: (A) Luvitec OVA 64; (B) Impranil DLN 50; (C) Antarox
B/848; (D)
Ninex MT-615; (E) Tween 80; (F) Genapol 0-100; (G) Tufflo 100; and (H)
Linseed
oil. The various dust reducing combinations (samples 1 ¨ 12) were mixed in a
1:1 ratio by
weight of imidacloprid 600 g/L. The numbers in the chart represent weight
percent of the
respective factor.
[0022] FIG. 5 sets forth the results for dust control (samples 1 ¨ 12) on
wheat variety
Found Boundary in total grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and per 100 grams of
seed as
measured by a Heubach dust meter.
[0023] FIG. 6 sets forth a graphical depiction of the data described in
FIG. 5 in grams
per 100 kg seeds of wheat for seeds treated with various component
combinations as
measured by a Heubach dust meter.
[0024] FIG. 7 sets forth a mathematical representation of the influence
and
significance of each component examined on dust mitigation on wheat with the
higher
absolute number representing a greater impact of the respective compound or
composition on
dust mitigation.
[0025] FIG. 8 sets forth the dust level (g/100 kg seed) from samples 1 ¨
12 on corn
seed measured from components A ¨ H: (A) Luvitec OVA 64; (B) Impranil DLN 50;
(C)
Antarox B/848; (D) Ninex MT-615; (E) Tween 80; (F) Genapol 0-100; (G)
Tufflo
100; and (H) Linseed oil. The various seed coating combinations (samples 1 ¨
12) were
mixed in a 1:1 ratio by weight of imidacloprid 600 g/L. The numbers in the
chart represent
weight percent of the composition or compound.
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[0026] FIG. 9 sets forth a mathematical representation of the influence
and
significance of each component examined on physical stability on wheat with
the higher
absolute number representing a greater impact of the respective compound or
composition on
dust mitigation.
[0027] FIG. 10 sets forth a mathematical representation of the influence
and
significance of each component examined on physical stability on wheat with
the higher
absolute number representing a greater impact of the respective compound or
composition on
dust mitigation.
[0028] FIG. 11 A, B, and C set forth dust levels in terms of grams per
100 kg Oakes
wheat seed treated with formulations that include imidacloprid at a
concentration of 600
grams per liter comparing a variety of additives.
[0029] FIG. 12 sets forth dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg Bullet
variety
wheat seed treated with formulations that include imidacloprid at a
concentration of 600
grams per liter comparing a variety of additives.
[0030] FIG. 13 sets forth dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg of
Oakes variety
wheat seed treated with formulations that include imidacloprid at a
concentration of 350
grams per liter comparing a variety of additives.
[0031] FIG. 14 sets forth dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg of
Bullet variety
wheat seed treated with formulations that include imidacloprid at a
concentration of 350
grams per liter comparing a variety of additives.
[0032] FIG. 15 sets forth dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg of
corn seed treated
with formulations that include imidacloprid at a concentration of 350 grams
per liter
comparing a variety of additives.
[0033] FIG. 16 sets forth the dust levels in g/100kg seed for
combinations of seed
coating components with imidacloprid and thiodicarb on corn seeds for samples
1 ¨ 12.
[0034] FIG. 17 sets forth a mathematical representation of the influence
and
significance of each coating component in combination with imidacloprid and
thiodicarb on
dust mitigation on corn seeds with the higher absolute number indicating a
greater impact.
[0035] FIG. 18 sets forth the impact of particle size (in gm) of
imidacloprid on dust
mitigation in Oakes variety wheat seeds treated with imidacloprid at a
concentration of 600
grams per liter.
[0036] FIG. 19 sets forth a graphical representation of particle size on
dust mitigation
in Oakes variety wheat seeds treated with imidacloprid at a concentration of
600 grams per
liter.
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[0037] FIG. 20 sets forth microscope imagery of untreated wheat seed
surface at 2.5
times magnification where the bar denotes 200 microns.
[0038] FIG. 21 sets forth microscope imagery of treated seed with poor
surface
coverage with high dust results at 2.5 times magnification where the bar
denotes 200 microns.
[0039] FIG. 22 sets forth microscope imagery of treated seed with poor
surface
coverage with high dust results at 2.5 times magnification where the bar
denotes 200 microns.
[0040] FIG. 23 sets forth microscope imagery of treated seed with good
surface
coverage with low dust results at 2.5 times magnification where the bar
denotes 200 microns.
[0041] FIG. 24 sets forth microscope imagery of treated seed with good
surface
coverage with low dust results at 2.5 times magnification where the bar
denotes 200 microns.
[0042] FIG. 25 sets forth the imaging analysis of coverage for the
microscope
imagery of the seed of FIG. 22.
[0043] FIG. 26 sets forth the imaging analysis of coverage for the
microscope
imagery of the seed of FIG. 24.
[0044] FIG. 27 sets forth the influence of various additives at 20% by
weight for dust
control on cereal in total grams of dust (grams/100 kg) on rate of 200 m1/100
kg seed of
Gaucho 350.
[0045] FIG. 28 sets forth the influence of various additives at 10% by
weight for dust
control on cereal in total grams of dust (grams/100 kg) on rate of 200 m1/100
kg seed of
Gaucho 350.
[0046] FIG. 29 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal A240,
Genapol 0-080, Antarox B/848, Span 80, and Luvitec VA64 (50% SLN) over a range
of
weight percentages on a variety of "responses," such as "dust on wheat,"
"bleeding,"
"sedimentation," "wheat flowability" and "viscosity."
[0047] FIG. 30A and 30B sets forth the influence of combination of
additives over a
range of weight percentages on a variety of "responses," such as "dust on
wheat," "bleeding,"
"sedimentation," "wheat flowability" and "viscosity." The untreated sample
exhibited 3.45
g/100 kg of dust and the Gaucho 350 control sample exhibited 2.85g/100kg of
dust.
[0048] FIG. 31 describes a pareto chart, analyzing the influence of (A)
Acronal A240,
(B) Genapol 0-080, (C) Antarox B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50%
SLN) on
"dust on wheat" after five days.
[0049] FIG. 32 describes a pareto chart, analyzing the influence of (A)
Acronal A240,
(B) Genapol 0-080, (C) Antarox B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50%
SLN) on
"wheat flowability" after five days.
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[0050] FIG. 33 describes a pareto chart, analyzing the influence of (A)
Acronal A240,
(B) Genapol 0-080, (C) Antarox B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50%
SLN) on
"wheat viscosity" after five days.
[0051] FIG. 34 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal A240,
Genapol 0-080, and Antarox B/848 over a range of weight percentages on a
variety of
"responses," such as "dust on wheat," "wheat flowability," and "viscosity."
The untreated
sample (without both additive and active agent, for example, Gaucho 350)
exhibited 3.55
g/100 kg of dust and the Gaucho 350 control sample exhibited 3.95 g/100kg of
dust.
[0052] FIG. 35 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal,
Genapol, and Antarox over a range of weight percentages on a variety of
"responses," such as
"dust on wheat," "wheat flowability," and "viscosity." The untreated sample
(without both
additive and active agent, for example, Gaucho 350) exhibited 3.55 g/100 kg of
dust and the
Gaucho 350 control sample exhibited 3.95 g/100kg of dust.
[0053] FIG. 36 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "dust on wheat" over a range of weight
percentages, with a low of
zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight percent.
[0054] FIG. 37 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "dust on wheat" over a range of weight
percentages, with a low of
zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight percent.
[0055] FIG. 38 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "viscosity" over a range of weight percentages,
with a low of zero
weight percent and a high of 24 weight percent.
[0056] FIG. 39 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "flowability" over a range of weight percentages,
with a low of
zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight percent.
[0057] FIG. 40 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "flowability," "dust," and "viscosity" over a
range of weight
percentages, with a low of zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight
percent, highlighting
compositions with dust levels of less than 0.7 g/100kg seed, viscosity levels
of less than 1200
cps, and a flow time (flowability) of less than 22 seconds.
[0058] FIG. 41 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "flowability," "dust," and "viscosity" over a
range of weight
percentages, with a low of zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight
percent, highlighting
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compositions with dust levels of less than 0.6 g/100kg seed, viscosity levels
of less than 1200
cps, and a flow time (flowability) of less than 22 seconds.
[0059] FIG. 42 sets forth an Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox
B/848
design mixture analysis for "flowability," "dust," and "viscosity" over a
range of weight
percentages, with a low of zero weight percent and a high of 24 weight
percent, highlighting
compositions with dust levels of less than 0.5 g/100kg seed, viscosity levels
of less than 1200
cps, and a flow time (flowability) of less than 22 seconds.
[0060] FIG. 43 sets forth an Acronal A240 and Antarox B/848 overlay plot
for "dust"
on wheat seed over a range of weight percentages, with a low of 0.5 weight
percent and a
high of 7 weight percent, highlighting compositions with dust levels of less
than 1.0 g/100kg
seed and a viscosity level of less than 1200 cps.
[0061] FIG. 44 sets forth an Acronal A240 and Antarox B/848 overlay plot
for "dust"
on wheat seed over a range of weight percentages, with a low of 0.5 weight
percent and a
high of 7 weight percent, highlighting compositions with dust levels of less
than 0.7 g/100kg
seed and a viscosity level of less than 1200 cps.
[0062] FIG. 45 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal A240,
Span 80, and Antarox B/848 over a range of weight percentages on a variety of
"responses,"
such as "dust on wheat," "wheat flowability," and "viscosity." The untreated
sample
(without both additive and active agent, for example, Gaucho 350) exhibited
3.55 g/100 kg of
dust and the Gaucho 350 control sample exhibited 3.95 g/100kg of dust.
[0063] FIG. 46 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal,
Genapol, and Antarox over a range of weight percentages on a variety of
"responses," such as
"dust on wheat," "wheat flowability," and "viscosity." The untreated sample
(without both
additive and active agent, for example, Gaucho 350) exhibited 3.55 g/100 kg of
dust and the
Gaucho 350 control sample exhibited 3.95 g/100kg of dust.
[0064] FIG. 47 sets forth the influence of various additives for dust
control on wheat
seed in terms of total grams (grams/100 kg).
[0065] FIG. 48 sets forth the influence of various additives for dust
control in
conjunction with various treatments on wheat seed in terms of total grams
(grams/100 kg). In
figure 46, "IMD" corresponds to imidacloprid and "FDX" corresponds to
"fludioxonil."
[0066] FIG. 49 sets forth a Haubach test for measuring the amount of dust
mitigation
observed with (A) a combination of a imidacloprid ("IMD") and "fludioxonil"
("FDX") as
the treatment agent with Acronal A240 (7% by weight) and Antarox (7% by
weight) as the
additives (for example, Sample 8 of FIG. 46); (B) imidacloprid ("IMD") and
"fludioxonil"
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("FDX") treated control; (C) Gaucho 350 as the treatment agent with a
combination of
Acronal (7% by weight), Genapol (3% by weight), and Antarox (7% by weight)
(for example,
Sample 2 of FIG. 45); and (D) Gaucho 350 treated control.
[0067] FIG. 50 sets forth the influence of various additives for active
agent dust
control in terms of total grams (grams/100 kg) and seed weight on corn seed.
[0068] FIG. 51 sets forth the influence of various additives for active
agent dust
control on corn seed in terms of total grams (grams/100 kg).
[0069] FIG. 52 sets forth the influence of various additives for active
agent dust
control on corn seed in terms of total grams (grams/100 kg).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Methods of Reducing Seed Dust
[0070] The disclosure provides for compositions and methods for reducing,
controlling, and/or mitigating seed dust. The disclosure also provides for
compounds,
compositions, and methods of reducing dust, for example seed dust, by
utilizing a dust
reducing composition described herein.
[0071] In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing
dust, for
example, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, and/or fungicidal dust. In
another aspect, the
disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust emission, pesticidal dust,
insecticidal dust,
and/or fungicidal dust by treating or coating a seed with a composition
described herein. In
yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of reducing dust
emission, pesticidal
dust, insecticidal dust, or fungicidal dust by:
(1) applying an active agent, such as a pesticide, insecticide, or fungicide
to a
seed; and
(2) applying a composition described herein to the treated seed such that the
composition reduces dust emission, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust,
herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust.
[0072] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of
reducing seed dust
associated with the treatment, coating, processing, transportation, storage,
and/or planting of
seeds by treating a seed with a composition described herein. In another
aspect, the seed is
treated with a compound or composition described herein prior, at the same
time as, or after
treatment of a seed with an active agent, for example, a pesticide,
insecticide, or fungicide.
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[0073] In yet another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of
storing a seed or
increasing the storage stability of a seed, for example a seed pre-treated
prior to planting, by
treating a seed with a compound or composition described herein. In yet
another aspect, the
seed can be treated with a compound or composition described herein anytime
the seed is
handled by an individual or transported. The dust reducing compounds and
compositions
described herein reduce seed dust, thereby providing an improved method of
handling and/or
transporting seeds.
[0074] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of
treating a seed with
a composition described herein by immobilizing or stabilizing at least one
active ingredient
on a seed surface, isolating or protecting at least one active ingredient on a
seed surface, or
delivering at least one active ingredient into a seed. In yet another aspect,
the disclosure
provides for a method of treating a seed via the methodology described in
either Figure 1 or
Figure 2.
[0075] In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of treating or
coating a seed
with a treating agent and a composition described herein wherein the coated
seed emits a
reduced amount of dust, pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, or dust. In other
aspects,
compositions described herein.
[0076] The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing dust
emission,
pesticidal dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal and/or fungicidal dust by
utilizing a composition
described herein to disperse active agents described herein on a seed surface.
[0077] The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing vacuum
planter dust
released during planting. In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method
of reducing
insect exposure to vacuum planter dust released during planting. In another
aspect, the
vacuum planter dust is an insecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal dust.
[0078] In an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of improving
seed flow by
applying or treating seed with a composition described herein. In another
aspect, a
composition described herein is applied to wet seed. The disclosure also
provides for a
method of increasing seed lubricity by coating a seed with a composition
described herein. In
an aspect, the disclosure provides for a method of lowering lubricity at lower
use rates than
those afforded by the coating of a seed with talc or graphite. The disclosure
also provides for
a method increasing the level of lubricity in an amount that is sufficient to
reduce seed
attrition that may result in the loss of small amounts of insecticide from the
seed surface.
[0079] The disclosure also provides for a method of adding a treating
agent together
with a composition described herein to a seed. In another aspect, a
composition described
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herein is added to a pre-treated seed prior to the pre-treated seed being
placed in soil. In
another aspect, a seed is pre-treated by both a treating agent and a
composition described
herein prior to planting. In yet another aspect, a composition described
herein can be applied
to seed in a planter or hopper either manually or with a mechanized system,
such as a
mechanized metering system. In an aspect, the powder form of a composition
described
herein is added to seed in a planter.
[0080] In an aspect, a composition herein is added to a seed prior to
placing seed into
a bag or container for shipping to a planting site. In another aspect, after
the seed arrives at
the planting site, a composition described herein is added to the seed. In yet
another aspect, a
composition described herein is added to pre-treated seed (seed previously
treated with a
treating agent) in a planter mechanism or hopper of the planting mechanism. In
another
aspect, a treating agent and a composition described herein are added to a
seed prior to the
seed being loaded on a planter or hopper for planting. In yet another aspect,
a treating agent
and a first composition described herein are added to seed prior to the seed
being loaded on a
planter or hopper for planting and a second, third, fourth, fifth, or sixth
composition described
herein is added to seed in the planter or hopper.
[0081] In an aspect, the dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust,
pesticidal dust, or
fungicidal dust emission is reduced relative to traditional lubricants, such
as talc or graphite.
In yet another aspect, a lubricant composition described herein, for example a
wax
composition, reduces the dust, insecticidal dust, herbicidal dust, pesticidal
dust, or fungicidal
dust emission from the planter mechanism, such as an air or vacuum planter. In
an aspect,
the planter mechanism is a John Deere, Case IH, Kinze, AGCO White, Great
Plains, or
Precision Planting vacuum planter.
[0082] The disclosure also provides for a method of reducing active agent
dust,
pesticide, herbicidal, fungicide, or insecticide dust exposure to an insect by
applying a
composition described herein to a seed. In an aspect, the insect can be a
pollinating insect.
In another aspect, the insect is a bee. Bees are insects of the Order
Hymenoptera,
Superfamily Apoidea. In another aspect, the bee is a honey bee (Apis). In
another aspect, the
bee is a European honey bee (Apis mellifera) or Africanized honey bee.
Examples of
common bees are bumble bees (Bomzbus), small carpenter bees (Ceratina), large
carpenter
bees (Xylocopa), paper wasps (Polistes), yellow jackets (Vespula), and
baldfaced hornets
(Vespula). As used herein, the term "honey bee" can refer to any member of the
Order
Hymenoptera, Family Apidae, and includes, without limitation, Apis
andreniformis, Apis
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cerana, Apis dorsata, Apis florae, Apis mellifera, Apis koschevnikovi, Apis
laboriosa, Apis
nigrocincta, Apis rorea, subspecies thereof, and strains, varieties, and
hybrids thereof.
Method of Washing, Cleaning, or Utilizing a Seed as an Additive
[0083] Methods and compositions for improving the homogeneity and
dispersion of
an active agent on a seed surface comprising, consisting of, or consisting
essentially of
treating a seed with one or more compositions are described herein.
[0084] The disclosure also provides for methods of treating or washing a
seed
comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of treating a seed with
one or more
compositions described herein. In another aspect, the seed is cleaned and/or
washed with a
composition described herein, such as a wetting agent, prior, during the same
time, or after
treatment of a seed with a seed treating agent. In an aspect, the method of
washing or
cleaning a seed or treating a seed with a composition described herein can be
supplemented
or combined with any conventional seed cleaning or washing methods, for
example, applying
air flow to a seed. In another aspect, a method of cleaning or washing a seed
does not include
cleaning or washing by air flow.
[0085] In an aspect, a seed is washed or cleaned prior to being placed in
a slurry or
treatment composition. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a method
of utilizing a
compound or composition in a slurry.
[0086] In another aspect, a composition described herein is an additive
in a seed
treatment process. In yet another aspect, a composition described herein can
be utilized as an
additive in the seed coating process at any time during the coating, handling,
and/or planting
of a seed.
[0087] In an aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods
described
herein comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a composition
described herein. In
another aspect, a composition capable of being used with the methods described
herein
comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a composition described
herein and treating
agent described herein.
Dust Reducing and Additive Compositions
[0088] The dust reducing compounds and compositions described herein can
be used
together with any of the methods described herein. For example, without being
limited, the
dust reducing compositions described herein can be used in a method of
reducing seed dust
associated with the treatment, coating, processing, transportation, storage,
and/or planting of
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seeds. The disclosure also provides for a method of utilizing the dust
reducing compositions
as an additive or during a seed washing or cleaning process. The disclosure
also provides for
utilizing the dust reducing compositions described herein in a slurry, for
example, a seed
treatment slurry, with or without the addition of an insecticide, pesticide,
or fungicide
compound or composition.
[0089] In an aspect, the disclosure provides for compositions capable of
dispersing an
active agent on a seed surface and methods thereof In yet another aspect,
compositions
described herein are capable of achieving improved active agent uniformity on
a seed surface
thereby yielding treated seeds with a reduced dust content. In another aspect,
the dust
reducing compositions provided herein are combined with an insecticide,
pesticide, and/or
fungicide compound or composition and result in a decreased dust profile
during planting.
[0090] In an aspect, a composition described herein includes one or more
of the
following and combinations thereof:
(a) oil;
(b) wetting agent; and
(c) dispersing agent.
[0091] In yet another aspect, a composition described herein includes one
or more of
the following and combinations thereof:
(a) oil;
(b) wetting agent; and
(c) binder.
[0092] In an aspect, a composition described herein includes one or more
of the
following and combinations thereof:
(a) film forming compound;
(b) binder;
(c) oil;
(d) wetting agent; and
(e) dispersing agent.
[0093] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a composition
comprising one or
more of the following and combinations thereof:
(a) poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ("PVP-PVA") copolymer;
(b) polyurethane composition or dispersion;
(c) ethoxylated fatty acid;
(d) sorbitan monooleate;
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(e) alkyl alcohol with an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide;
(f) ethoxylated oleyl alcohol; and
(g) oil.
[0094] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a composition
comprising one or
more of the following and combinations thereof:
(a-1) poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) ("PVP-PVA") copolymer;
(b-2) polyurethane composition or dispersion;
(c-3) ethoxylated fatty acid;
(d-4) sorbitan monooleate;
(e-5) alkyl alcohol with an ethylene oxide/propylene oxide;
(f-6) ethoxylated oleyl alcohol;
(g-7) mineral oil; and
(h-8) vegetable oil.
[0095] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a composition
comprising one or
more of the following and combinations thereof:
(i) acrylic polymer, for example, Acronal;
(j) nonionic compounds, for example, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block
co-
polymers, for example, Antarox; and/or
(k) fatty alcohol ethoxylate, such as Genapol;
[0096] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a composition
comprising one or
more of the following and combinations thereof:
(1) acrylic polymer, for example, Acronal;
(m) nonionic compounds, for example, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block
co-
polymers, for example, Antarox; and/or
(n) sorbitan ester, for example such as Span.
[0097] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a dust reducing
composition
comprising components "a-1" to "h-8" set forth in Table 1 and Table 2 as well
as "i ¨ k" set
forth in Table 3 and "1¨ n" set forth in Table 4. As set forth in Tables 1 -
4, the amount of
each respective component (in samples 1 - 11 for Tables 1 and 2, samples 1 ¨
10 for Table 3,
and samples 1 ¨ 12 for Table 4) is represented in "weight percent." Each
sample exhibits a
reduced dust profile relative to a seed sample that is not treated with the
components set forth
in Tables 1 - 4. In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a composition
comprising,
consisting of, or consisting essentially of any of the composition
combinations set forth in
Tables 1 ¨4.
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[0098] In an aspect, the compositions described in Tables 1 ¨ 4 exhibit a
seed dust
amount when coated/combined with an active agent described herein of less than
about 0.1
g/100 kg seed, less than about 0.5 g/100kg seed, less than about 0.7 g/100 kg
seed, less than
about 1.0 g/100kg seed, less than about 1.5 g/100 kg seed, less than about
2.0g/100kg seed,
less than about 3.0 g/100 kg seed, or less than about 5.0 g/100kg seed. In
another aspect, the
compositions described in Tables 1 ¨4 exhibit a seed dust amount when
coated/combined
with an active agent described herein of about 0.1 g/100 kg seed to about 0.5
g/100kg seed,
about 0.5 g/100 kg seed to about 1.0 g/100kg seed, about 1.0 g/100 kg seed to
about
2.0g/100kg seed, about 2.0 g/100 kg seed to about 5.0 g/100kg seed.
[0099] In an aspect, the compositions described in Tables 1 ¨4 exhibit a
viscosity
(cPs) amount when coated/combined with an active agent described herein of
less than about
200 cPs, less than about 400 cPs, less than about 500 cPs, less than about 700
cPs, less than
about 800 cPs, less than about 1000 cPs, less than about 1500 cPs, or less
than about 2500
cPs. In another aspect, the compositions described in Tables 1 ¨4 exhibit a
viscosity amount
(cPs) when coated/combined with an active agent described herein of about 200
cPs to about
400 cPs, about 400 cPs to about 800 cPs, about 800 cPs to about 1200 cPs, or
about 1000 cPs
to about 2500 cPs.
[00100] In an aspect, the compositions described in Tables 1 ¨4 reduce
dust by about
5% to about 20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about 50% to
about
90%, about 60% to about 80%, about 65% to about 95%, about 80% to about 95%,
or about
5%, about 15%, about 25%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%, about
80%,
about 90%, or about 95%, or about 5% or more, about 15% or more, about 25% or
more,
about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or more,
about 80%
or more, about 90% or more, or about 95% or more. In yet another aspect, the
dust
emissions, insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, or
fungicidal dust emissions
is reduced relative to traditional dust reduction compounds or compositions.
In another
aspect, the dust is reduced relative to a composition or compound that does
not include an
additive, active agent, or dust reducing composition described herein.
[00101] In another aspect, the compositions described in Tables 1 ¨ 4
exhibit both a
seed dust amount and viscosity amount as described above. In yet another
aspect, the
compositions described in Tables 1 ¨4 exhibit both a seed dust amount and
viscosity as
described above together with one or more of the flowability, sedimentation,
and/or bleeding
properties described herein and encompassed by the Figures.
Table 1
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Sample a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5 f-6 g-7 h-8
1
1-8 6-15 0 2-10 2-10 2-10 0 0
2
1-8 0 2-10 2-10 2-10 0 0 0
3
0 6-15 2-10 2-10 0 0 0 12-25
4
1-8 6-15 2-10 0 0 0 6-15 0
1-8 6-15 0 0 0 2-10 0 12-25
6
1-8 0 0 0 2-10 0 6-15 12-25
7
0 0 0 2-10 0 2-10 6-15 0
8
0 0 2-10 0 2-10 2-10 0 12-25
9
0 6-15 0 2-10 2-10 0 6-
15 12-25
1-8 0 2-10 2-10 0 2-10 6-15 12-25
11
0 6-15 2-10 0 2-10 2-10 6-15 0
Table 2
Sample a-1 b-2 c-3 d-4 e-5 f-6 g-7 h-8
1 1-
10 5-25 0 2-15 2-15 2-15 0 0
2
1-10 0 2-15 2-15 2-15 0 0 0
3
0 5-25 2-15 2-15 0 0 0 5-40
4
1-10 5-25 2-15 0 0 0 1-20 0
5 1-
10 5-25 0 0 0 2-15 0 5-40
6
1-10 0 0 0 2-15 0 1-20 5-40
7
0 0 0 2-15 0 2-15 1-20 0
8
0 0 2-15 0 2-15 2-15 0 5-40
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9
0 5-25 0 2-15 2-15 0 1-
20 5-40
1-
10 0 2-15 2-15 0 2-
15 1-20 5-40
11
0 5-25 2-15 0 2-15 2-15 1-20 0
Table 3
Sample i j K
1 5-25 0 0
2 0 5-25 0
3 0 0 5-25
4 10 - 20 5-15 0
5 5-15 10 - 20 0
6 10 - 20 0 5-15
7 5-15 0 10 ¨ 20
8 0 10 - 20 5-12
9 0 5-15 10 - 20
10 5-15 5-15 5-15
Table 4
Sample 1 m n
1 5-25 0 0
2 0 5-25 0
3 0 0 5-25
4 10 - 20 5-15 0
5 5-15 10 - 20 0
6 10 - 20 0 5-15
7 5-15 0 10 - 20
8 0 10 - 20 5-15
9 0 5-15 10 - 20
10 5-15 3 - 8 4-12
11 5-15 4-12 5-15
12 5-15 5-15 5-15
[00102] In
the disclosure, "flowability" is determined by measuring, in seconds, how
quickly a specified quantity, for example 200 grams, of seeds pass through a
funnel. A faster
speed correlates to better, or increased, flowability. In this manner, wheat
flowability can be
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measured for a control group of untreated seeds and then be compared to wheat
flowability
for treated seeds. For similar determinations of flowability, see for example,
W02013166012A1, in which flow is measured as the amount of time, in seconds,
required
for 360 grams of coated seeds to pass through a plastic funnel¨the shorter the
period of time
that is required for a batch of seeds to flow through the funnel, the better
the flowability
characteristics of the coated seed.
[00103] In another aspect, one or more of the following compounds and
compositions
is used in a method described herein. In another aspect, one or more, two or
more, three or
more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, or eight or more
of the below
compounds or compositions are used in a method or composition described
herein.
Table 5
Chemical Structure Component Example
Fatty (18) alcohol ethoxylate Genapol 0100
P0-E0 butanol Antarox B848
Fatty acid ethoxylate Ninex MT615
PVP-PVA copolymer, 50% solution Luvitec VA64 W
Polyurethane dispersion Impranil DLN W50
Pressure sensitive acrylic polymer Acronal A240
Polyether modified polysiloxan ,slipping Tegopren 3158
agent
Modified polyoxyethylene terephthalate SRP170
(POET)
Similar to tegopren Break thru 0E441
Triglyceride monooleate Glycolube 740KFG
Mixture of 6 ingredients (Linseed 16, Tufflo 64D
8, Genapol 6, Ninex 6, Antarox 6, Luvitec 4)
PVP 9000 Mw Luvitec K90
sorbitan esters SPAN 80
[00104] In an aspect, one or more of a polyether-modified polysiloxane,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, or triglyceride Monooleate are utilized in a composition
or methods
described herein. In another aspect, one or more of Break-Thru 0E441, Tegopren
3158,
Luvitec K90 (10%), Glycolube 740 KFG, and/or Break Thru OE 440 are utilized in
a
composition or methods described herein. In another aspect, a method described
herein
comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of Break-Thru 0E441, Tegopren
3158, Luvitec
K90 (10%), Glycolube 740 KFG, and/or Break Thru OE 440.
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[00105] In another aspect, one or more, two or more, three or more, four
or more, five
or more, six or more, seven or more, or eight or more compounds or components
are used in
a method or composition described herein.
[00106] In an aspect, a film forming compound is a compound that forms a
solid layer
on a seed surface. In another aspect, a film forming compound is a compound
that forms a
solid layer when slurry dries on a seed surface. Without being limited, a film
forming
compound is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane compound or
composition, a
polyurethane dispersion, an anionic aliphatic polyester-polyurethane
dispersion, a water-
soluble polymer, a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP polymer), Impranil DLN 50
(Bayer),
Impranil DLN W 50 (Bayer), Luvitec VA 64 (BASF), and Luvitec line of
products.
[00107] In an aspect, a binder is a compound or composition that binds
particles on
seed surface. In another aspect, a binder is a compound or composition that
physically or
chemically binds solid particles on seed surface. Without being limited, a
binder can be
selected from adhesion agents such as acrylic polymer (ACRONAL Series, BASF),
vinyl
acetate polymers, or styrene and butadiene copolymers latex compound (STYROFAN
and
STYRONAL Series, BASF).
[00108] In an aspect, an oil is selected from the group consisting of, for
example,
mineral oil, mineral processing oil, vegetable oil, natural oil, synthetic
oil, refined vegetable
oil, plant oil, linseed oil, and Tufflo 100 (Calumet).
[00109] In an aspect, a "wetting agent" refers to compounds added to a
liquid in small
quantities in order to enhance the spreading of the liquid on a surface or the
penetration of the
liquid into the solid particles in the liquid or/and the solid substrate that
gets in contact with
the liquid. Thus an effective wetting agent for coating can be a surfactant
that has affinity
groups to solid particles and able to replace air and moisture that traps in
the solid particles in
order to spread and penetrate to the surface of the solid particles. In an
aspect, wetting agents
are surface active compounds having low molecular weight, less than 4000
g/mol.
[00110] Wetting agents can be anionic, cationic or nonionic surface active
compounds.
Nonionic compounds can be selected from modified polysiloxane esters, sorbitan
esters,
polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, aliphatic alcohol alkoxylates, oxo alcohol
alkoxylates,
aromatic alcohol alkoxylates, oil alkoxylates, fatty alcohol alkoxylates and
fatty acid
alkoxylates. Without being limited, examples of modified polysiloxane esters
are Tegropren
and BreakThru series (EVONIK). Examples of sorbitan esters and polyethoxylated
sorbitan
esters are Span and Tween series (CRODA). Examples of Span include SPAN 80
(SIGMA-
ALDRICH), sorbitan oleate and emulsifier S80, a non-ionic surfactant as well
as SPAN 20
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(Sorbitan monolaurate, NF), SPAN 40 (Sorbitan monopalmitate, NF), SPAN 60
(Sorbitan
monostearate, NF), SPAN 65 (Sorbitan tristearate), and SPAN 85 (Sorbitan
trioleate).
[00111] Polyalkoxylated, preferably polyethoxylated, saturated and
unsaturated
aliphatic alcohols are commercially available, for example as GENAPOL X,
GENAPOL OA,
GENAPOL OX, GENAPOL UD, GENAPOL LA and GENAPOL 0 series (CLARIANT),
CROVOL M series (CRODA) or as LUTENSOL series (BASF), or are obtainable
therefrom
by etherification, for example GENAPOL X060 and GENAPOL X100. Polyalkoxylated,
preferably polyethoxylated, arylalkylphenols could be SOPROPHOR BSU (RHODIA),
EMULSOGEN TS series (CLARIANT) or HOE S 3474 (CLARIANT). Polyalkoxylated,
preferably polyethoxylated, alkylphenols have available commercial products
are
SAPOGENAT T series (CLARIANT). Examples of polyalkoxylated, preferably
polyethoxylated, hydroxyfatty acids or glycerides are Ninex MT-615 (STEPAN),
EMULSOGEN EL series (CLARIANT) or the AGNIQUE CSO series (BASF).
[00112] In an aspect, a dispersing agent is a material capable of keeping
suspended
particles from coagulating or aggregating. In another aspect, a dispersing
agent creates a
barrier between active ingredients. In an aspect, the molecular weight of
dispersing agent can
vary from 500 to 250,000 g/mol. In an aspect, dispersing agents can also be
anionic, cationic
or nonionic surface active compounds. For example, nonionic compounds can be
selected
from ethylene oxide and propylene oxide block co-polymers, for example the
ANTAROX
B/848 (CRODA), GENAPOL PF series (CLARIANT), the PLURONIC series (BASF), the
SYNPERONIC PE series (CRODA), or the TOXIMUL series (STEPAN). Nonionic
dispersing agents can also be selected from polyethoxylated alcohols,
polyethoxylated
triglycerides and alkyl polysaccharides, (AGNIQUE PG Series from BASF).
Dispersing
agents with high molecular weight are commonly called polymeric surface active
ingredients.
The most commonly used polymeric dispersants are ethoxylated polymethacrylate
graft
copolymer (ATLOX 4913, CRODA) and alkylated vinylpyrrolidone copolymers and
polyvinylpyrrolidone (LUVITEC Series from BASF, AGRIMER series from ASHLAND)
and vinylacetate/vinylpyrrolidone copolymers (LUVITEC VA64, BASF). Polyvinyl
alcohols
can also be used as dispersing agents.
[00113] In an aspect, a dust reducing, washing, and/or additive
composition comprises
at least about 0.01 %, at least about 0.025%, at least about 0.05%, at least
about 0.1 %, at
least about 0.25%, at least about 0.5%, at least about 1 %, at least about 2%,
at least about
2.5%, at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about
8%, at least about
9%, at least about 10%, at least about 12.5%, at least about 15%, at least
about 20%, at least
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about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, or at
least about 50%,
at least about 75% or more by weight of a compound or component described
herein. In an
aspect, a component is an oil, wetting agent, dispersing agent, film forming
compound,
binder, or component described in the Tables, Figures, or Examples described
herein.
[00114] In another aspect, a dust reducing, washing, and/or additive
composition
comprises about 0.01 %, about 0.025%, about 0.05%, about 0.1 %, about 0.25%,
about 0.5%,
about 1 %, about 2%, about 2.5%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about
9%,
about 10%, about 12.5%, about 15%, about 20%, about 25%, about 30%, about 35%,
about
40%, about 50%, or about 75% or more by weight of a compound or component
described
herein. In an aspect, a component is an oil, wetting agent, dispersing agent,
film forming
compound, binder, or component described in the Tables, Figures, or Examples
described
herein.
[00115] In another aspect, a dust reducing, washing, and/or additive
composition
comprises about 0.001 % to about 0.1 %, about 0.0025% to about 0.25%, about
0.1% to
about 1%, about 0.1% to about 2.5%, about 0.5% to about 2.5%, about 1% to
about 2%,
about 1% to about 3%, about 1% to about 5%, about 1% to about 10%, about 2 %
to about 10
%, about 5% to about 10%, about 5% to about 20%, about 10% to about 15%, about
15% to
about 20%, about 10% to about 25%, about 10% to about 50%, about 25% to about
50%, or
about 20% to about 80%, and about 95% or more by weight of a compound or
component
described herein. In an aspect, a component is an oil, wetting agent,
dispersing agent, film
forming compound.
[00116] In another aspect, the interaction between oil, dispersant(s),
wetting agent, and
active agent are represented in Figure 1. In an aspect, a composition
described herein is one
set forth in Tables 1 and 2.
[00117] In another aspect, a composition described herein can further
include a
surfactant, colorant, wax, epoxy, UV curable coating, seed over-coat
composition, and/or
filler.
[00118] In another aspect, an active agent can be added or incorporated
into a
composition described herein. In an aspect, an active agent is a compound or
composition
exhibiting insecticidal, pesticidal, or fungicidal properties. In another
aspect, an active agent
is a compound or composition with neonicotinoid properties. In an aspect, an
active agent is
selected from the group consisting of acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran,
imidacloprid,
nitenpyram, fludioxonil, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, Nipsit INSIDE (Valent),
Platinum
(Syngenta), Admire Pro (Bayer CropScience), Cruiser (Syngenta), Gaucho (Bayer
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CropScience), Leveragee(Bayer CropScience), Actara (Syngenta), Venom (Valent),
Provado
8 (Bayer CropScience), Alias (Mana), Pasada (Mana), Couraze (Cheminova),
Assail
(DuPont), Ponchoe/VOTiVOTm (Bayer CropScience), Poncho 1250 + VOTiVOTm
(Pioneer), and/or Requiem (Agroquest). In another aspect, the active agent
combined with
a composition described herein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially
of fludioxonil
and imidacloprid. In another aspect, the active agent combined with a
composition described
herein comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of clothianidin. In an
aspect, the active
agent is applied to a seed and the seed is subsequently coated with a
lubricant compound.
[00119] In an aspect, insecticidal dust, pesticidal dust, or fungicidal
dust is dust from
one or more of the following actives: acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran,
imidacloprid,
nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, Nipsit INSIDE (Valent), Platinum
(Syngenta),
Admire Pro (Bayer CropScience), Cruiser (Syngenta), Gaucho (Bayer
CropScience),
Leveragee(Bayer CropScience), Actara (Syngenta), Venom (Valent), Provado 8
(Bayer
CropScience), Alias (Mana), Pasada (Mana), Couraze (Cheminova), Assail
(DuPont),
Ponchoe/VOTiVOTm (Bayer CropScience), Poncho 1250 + VOTiVOTm (Pioneer),
and/or
Requiem (Agroquest). In an aspect, the active agent is applied to a seed and
the seed is
subsequently coated with a composition described herein. In another aspect,
"dust" can
include any active agent coated on a seed that is emits a particulate or
"dust." In another
aspect, dust is released during the planting process.
[00120] In an aspect, a composition described herein includes a mixture or
combination of composition described herein and treatment agent described
herein.
[00121] In another aspect, a composition or method described herein does
not include
an inorganic lubricant composition. Inorganic compounds, for example talc and
graphite,
encompass compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon,
cyanides, and
allotropes of carbon.
[00122] In an aspect, a composition or method described herein does not
include talc.
In another aspect, a composition or method described herein does not include
graphite or
graphite blends. In yet another aspect, a composition or method described
herein does not
include blends of graphite and/or talc. In another aspect, a composition or
method described
herein contains trace amount of talc or graphite. In another aspect, a
composition or method
described herein contains less than about 5%, less than about 10%, less than
about 20%, less
than about 20%, less than about 30%, less than about 40%, or less than about
50% by weight
of talc, graphite, or a combination of talc or graphite.
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[00123] In yet another aspect, a composition described herein may be
blended with
inert materials to improve handling or packaging, for example, silica,
starches (natural and
derived), clays, and other minerals.
[00124] In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied as a
powder or liquid to
a seed. In an aspect, a composition described herein is capable of providing
lubricity and/or
improved dust reduction at a lower use rate as compared to conventional
lubricants, such as
talc or graphite.
[00125] In another aspect, a composition described herein provides an
increased level
of dust reduction relative to traditional lubricant compositions, such as talc
or graphite. In an
aspect, a composition described herein is also effective at lower application
rates than talc or
graphite.
[00126] In an aspect, a composition described herein is formulated as a
particle, micro-
particle, or nano-particle. In another aspect, a particle described herein is
from about .01 gm
to about 1 gm, from about .1 gm to about 2 gm, from about .5 gm to about 3 gm,
from about
2 gm to about 4 gm, from about 1 gm to about 10 gm, from about 2 gm to about 5
gm, from
about 3 gm to about 8 gm, from about 2 gm to about 10 gm, from about 10 gm to
about 25
gm, from about 10 gm to about 100 gm, or from about 10 gm to about 500 gm.
[00127] In another aspect, a composition described herein is formulated in
the
following manner:
,
Mechanism I Approach 1 Methods
1-
I Oil, for example, a Mineral Oil
1
1
I Oil, for example, a Refined
Built-In
Vegetable Oil
1
; ..
1 Formulation
Adhesion Ingredient, for
Immobilization of ;
; example, a Binder
;
;
Active Ingredients on
i
Seed Surface Surfactant/solvent combination
1
1 Film Coating Polymer, Wax, and/or Colorant
1
1
1 Reactive Seed Coating (Epoxy,
1
UV curable coating)
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--- --
1 Pelletize i Over-Coat seeds with layer(s) of
1 polymer, filler, or other additive
-4-
1 Particle size Submicron particles
1 reduction
1
i
, ---
1 Isolate/Protect Each 1 A.I. particle Encapsulation
1 Active Ingredient 1 isolation
1 Particles i
1
;
,
I Deliver Active 1 Nanotech nanoformulation
1 Ingredient into Seeds 1
;
i
i
L ,
[00128] In an aspect, the methods and compositions described herein
reduce dust by
about 5% to about 20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 40% to about 70%, about
50% to
about 90%, about 60% to about 80%, about 65% to about 95%, about 80% to about
95%, or
about 5%, about 15%, about 25%, about 40%, about 50%, about 60%, about 70%,
about
80%, about 90%, or about 95%, or about 5% or more, about 15% or more, about
25% or
more, about 40% or more, about 50% or more, about 60% or more, about 70% or
more, about
80% or more, about 90% or more, or about 95% or more. In yet another aspect,
the dust
emissions, insecticidal dust emissions, pesticidal dust emissions, or
fungicidal dust emissions
is reduced relative to traditional dust reduction compounds or compositions.
In another
aspect, the dust is reduced relative to a composition or compound that does
not include an
additive, active agent, or dust reducing composition described herein.
[00129] In an aspect, the compositions described herein strike a balance
between dust
reduction and viscosity. Such a balance can be important in embodiments where
the
described compositions are employed with planter mechanisms, for example, the
planting of
seeds coated with one or more compositions described herein with a machine or
mechanism
described herein.
[00130] In another aspect, compositions described herein have a viscosity
of less than
about 1000 cPs, about less than 900 cPs, less than about 700 cPs, about less
than 600 cPs,
about 500 cPs, about less than 400 cPs, less than about 300 cPs, about less
than 200 cPs, or
about 100 cPs.
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[00131] In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed
in an amount
that is effective to reach the desired property.
[00132] In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed
at a rate of
about .1 - 5.0 oz/cwt (ounces/hundredweight), about .5 -4.0 oz/cwt, about 1.0-
3.5 oz/cwt,
about 1.5 -3.0 oz/cwt, about 2.0 -3.0 oz/cwt, about 2.0 -2.5 oz/cwt, or about
.2 oz/cwt,
about .5 oz/cwt, about .75 oz/cwt, about 1.0 oz/cwt, about 1.5 oz/cwt, about
2.0 oz/cwt,
about 2.5 oz/cwt, about 3.0 oz/cwt, about 3.5 oz/cwt, about 4.0 oz/cwt, about
4.5 oz/cwt,
about 5.0 oz/cwt, or about .2 oz/cwt or more, about .5 oz/cwt or more, about
.75 oz/cwt or
more, about 1.0 oz/cwt or more, about 1.5 oz/cwt or more, about 2.0 oz/cwt or
more, about
2.5 oz/cwt or more, about 3.0 oz/cwt or more, about 3.5 oz/cwt or more, about
4.0 oz/cwt or
more, about 4.5 oz/cwt or more, or about 5.0 oz/cwt, about 6.0 oz/cwt or more,
about 7.0
oz/cwt or more, or about 8.0 oz/cwt, about 9.0 oz/cwt, about 1.0 oz/cwt or
more, or about 15
oz/cwt, about 20.0 oz/cwt or more. In yet another aspect, a composition
described herein is
applied to a seed in a manner sufficient to convey the desired property.
[00133] In an aspect, a composition described herein is applied to a seed
in a single
application step. In another aspect, a composition described herein is applied
in multiple
application steps. In yet another aspect, a composition described herein is
applied in one,
two, three or more application steps to a seed. In another aspect, a method
described herein
excludes multiple application steps. In an aspect, the methods described
herein include a first
sequential application of a treating agent described herein to a seed followed
by a second
application of lubricant composition described herein to a seed.
[00134] Seeds which can be treated by the methods described herein
include, for
example, seeds that are treated with insecticides, pesticides, or fungicides
that are harmful to
pests or insects, for example, bees. Seeds may include any agricultural or
vegetable seeds
that are planted through a vacuum planter, including wherein talc may be used
as a planter
lubricant. In an aspect, the seed is selected from the group consisting of a
corn seed, cotton
seed, sorghum seed, oat seed, rye seed, cereal, rice seed, rapeseed, canola
seed, barley seed,
soybean seed, or vegetable seed. In an aspect, the seed is corn seed. Examples
of wheat
seeds include, for example, Found Boundary, Bullet, or Oaks wheat varieties.
Examples of
corn seeds capable of being used in the methods described herein include, for
instance, sweet
corn (for example, zea mays convar. saccharata var. Rugosa), silver queen
corn, golden
bantam, early sunglow, indian corn, sugar corn, pole corn, field corn, dent
corn, flint corn,
flour corn, blue corn (for example, Zea mays amylacea), pop corn, and waxy
corn.
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[00135] Among the plants that can be protected by the method according to
the
invention, mention may be made of major field crops like corn, soybean,
cotton, Brassica
oilseeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. canola), Brassica rapa, B. juncea (e.g.
mustard) and
Brassica carinata, rice, wheat, sugarbeet, sugarcane, oats, rye, barley,
millet, triticale, flax,
vine and various fruits and vegetables of various botanical taxa such as
Rosaceae sp. (for
instance pip fruit such as apples and pears, but also stone fruit such as
apricots, cherries,
almonds and peaches, berry fruits such as strawberries), Ribesioidae sp.,
Juglandaceae sp.,
Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp.,
Actinidaceae
sp., Lauraceae sp., Musaceae sp. (for instance banana trees and plantings),
Rubiaceae sp. (for
instance coffee), Theaceae sp., Sterculiceae sp., Rutaceae sp. (for instance
lemons, oranges
and grapefruit) ; Solanaceae sp. (for instance tomatoes, potatoes, peppers,
eggplant),
Liliaceae sp., Compositiae sp. (for instance lettuce, artichoke and chicory -
including root
chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (for instance carrot,
parsley, celery
and celeriac), Cucurbitaceae sp. (for instance cucumber ¨ including pickling
cucumber,
squash, watermelon, gourds and melons), Alliaceae sp. (for instance onions and
leek),
Cruciferae sp. (for instance white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli,
cauliflower, brussel
sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radish, horseradish, cress, Chinese cabbage),
Leguminosae sp.
(for instance peanuts, peas and beans beans - such as climbing beans and broad
beans),
Chenopodiaceae sp. (for instance mangold, spinach beet, spinach, beetroots),
Malvaceae (for
instance okra), Asparagaceae (for instance asparagus); horticultural and
forest crops;
ornamental plants; as well as genetically modified homologues of these crops.
[00136] The method of treatment according to the invention can be used in
the
treatment of genetically modified organisms (GM0s), e.g. plants or seeds.
Genetically
modified plants (or transgenic plants) are plants of which a heterologous gene
has been stably
integrated into genome. The expression "heterologous gene" essentially means a
gene which
is provided or assembled outside the plant and when introduced in the nuclear,
chloroplastic
or mitochondrial genome gives the transformed plant new or improved agronomic
or other
properties by expressing a protein or polypeptide of interest or by
downregulating or
silencing other gene(s) which are present in the plant (using for example,
antisense
technology, cosuppression technology or RNA interference ¨ RNAi - technology).
A
heterologous gene that is located in the genome is also called a transgene. A
transgene that is
defined by its particular location in the plant genome is called a
transformation or transgenic
event.
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[00137] Seeds may be treated with the described compositions by applying
the
compositions directly to the seed. In another embodiment, the seed may be
treated indirectly,
for example by treating the environment or habitat in which the seed is
exposed to.
Conventional treatment methods may be used to treat the environment or habitat
including
dipping, spraying, fumigating, chemigating, fogging, scattering, brushing on,
shanking or
injecting.
[00138] In an aspect, a compound or composition described herein is
applied,
incorporated, or coated on a seed, plant part, or plant thereof.
[00139] In another aspect, the disclosure provides for a kit comprising,
consisting
essentially of, or consisting of any of the compositions disclosed herein. In
an aspect, the kit
includes any of the combination of compositions described in Examples 1 ¨ 9,
Tables 1 ¨ 6,
or Figures 1 ¨ 26. In another aspect, the kit provides for the compositions
described in
Examples 1 ¨ 9, Tables 1 ¨ 6, or Figures 1 ¨ 28, applied in a manner that is
consistent with
the methodology of these examples and figures. In another aspect, the kit
provides
instructions or guidance regarding the use of the compositions or methods
described herein.
[00140] In an aspect, the kit includes instructions describing the
methodology
described herein. In another aspect, the kit includes instructions describing
the methodology
set forth in any of Examples 1 ¨ 9, Tables 1 ¨ 6, or Figures 1 ¨28. In an
aspect, the
instructions are included with the kit, separate from the kit, in the kit, or
are included on the
kit packaging. In yet another aspect, the instructions provide for application
of a dust
reducing composition at before, after, or at the same time as planting.
[00141] In an aspect, a dust reducing, additive, or washing compound or
composition
described herein is in the same bag or package or a separate bag or package
from an
insecticide, fungicide, and/or pesticide compound or composition.
[00142] The following examples serve to illustrate certain aspects of the
disclosure and
are not intended to limit the disclosure.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
[00143] Example 1 sets forth the results from experiments comparing the
influence of
different compositions on dust level.
[00144] The compounds and compositions evaluated are listed in Table 6.
They
represent a range of different components, for example:
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1) Film formers which form a solid layer when slurry dries on seed surface,
polyurethane dispersion, PVP polymers;
2) Binders ¨ physically or chemically bind solid particles on seed surface,
styrene-
butadyne polymeric latex;
3) Oils ¨ mineral oils, plant oils (for example, linseed oil);
4) Wetting agents ¨ materials (surfactants) making hydrophobic seed surface
more
hydrophilic, fatty alcohol ethoxylate, and polysiloxane; and
5) Dispersing agents ¨ materials keeping suspended particles from coagulation
or
aggregation, alkyl alcohol with (E0-PO)n chain.
Table 6
Ingredient
Example of Chemistry and Functions
PVP-PVA copolymer, film forming agent,
Luvitec VA 64 binder, less water absorbent than PVP
Polyurethane dispersion, film forming agent,
Impranil DLN 50 binder
Ninex MT-615 Ethoxylated fatty acid, 15 EO,
emulsifier
Tween 80 Sorbitan monooleate, C24, 20E0,
emulsifier
Butyl capped EO-PO copolymer, dispersing
Antarox B/848 agent; multipurpose emulsifier
Nonionic surfactant; C 16-18 Fatty alcohol
Genapol 0-100 polyglycol ether with 10 mol EO
Tufflo 100 Mineral processing oil
Linseed oil Vegetable oil, used with paint
[00145] As set forth in Figure 3, the dust levels (g/100 kg seed) on wheat
seed treated
with combinations of the ingredients described in Table 1 where analyzed. In
Figure 3, A-H
are designated as follows: (A) Luvitec VA 64; (B) Impranil DLN 50; (C)
Antarox
B/848; (D) Ninex MT-615; (E) Tween 80; (F) Genapol 0-100; (G) Tufflo 100;
and
(H) Linseed oil.
Example 2
[00146] Example 2 sets forth the results of testing various adjuvant
formulations on
wheat seeds together with Imidacloprid 600 grams/liter model.
[00147] In Figure 4, the quantities of each component in weight percent
were
evaluated. The water-based ingredients are shown as a weight percentage and in
experiments
with Gaucho 600 (grams/liter) the formulations were mixed at 1:1 ratio by
weight.
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[00148] In order to evaluate the properties of the compositions,
individual components
were mixed with Imidacloprid 600 g/L before treating seeds. Each component was
weighted
and mixed with water to make a 100 parts of adjuvant emulsion in water.
[00149] Fifty (50) parts of prepared emulsion was mixed with 50 parts of
Imidacloprid
to make a 100 parts formulation. Then, 7.1 parts of above formulation, 0.7
parts of red
colorant and 9.9 parts of water were weighted to prepare 17.7 parts of slurry.
For 515 grams
of wheat seeds, a 4 mL (cc) of prepared slurry was used. For 515 grams of corn
seeds, a 4.35
mL (cc) prepared slurry was used.
[00150] In Figure 5, the results for dust control on wheat are described
in terms of total
grams of dust per 100,000 kernels and per 100 grams of seed. The seeds were
treated with
various formulations ("Seed Sample ID" 1 ¨ 12) as measured by a Heubach dust
meter. The
results of Figure 5 are depicted graphically in Figure 6. The composition (and
weight
percents) of samples 1 ¨ 12 is consistent in Figures 3 ¨ 6 and 8.
[00151] In Figure 7, a mathematical representation of the influence and
significance of
each component was examined on dust mitigation on wheat. The higher absolute
number
indicates greater impact of that ingredient on dust control.
Example 3
[00152] Example 3 sets forth the results of testing the adjuvant
formulations on corn
seed.
[00153] The components listed in Table 6 were evaluated in Figure 8. As
set forth in
Figure 8, the dust levels (g/100 kg seed) on corn seed treated with
combinations of the
components described in Table 1 where analyzed. In Figure 9, a statistical
analysis of the
influence and significance of each ingredient was examined on dust mitigation.
The higher
absolute number indicates greater impact of that ingredient on dust control.
Example 4
[00154] Example 4 sets forth the results of testing the adjuvant
formulations on
physical stability of the slurry formulation.
[00155] The physical stability of the formulations prior to seed
application was
assessed with a rating of 1 for best appearance and 10 for worst appearance.
The data is
exhibited in Table 5. Components "1 ¨ 12" in Table 5 correspond to the
compositions
described in Figure 8.
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Table 5
Components Rating
1 5
2 4
3 8
4 8
6
6 7
7 7
8 6
9 8
1
11 7
12 8
[00156] As shown in Figure 10, a statistical analysis of the influence and
significance
of each component was evaluated. The higher absolute number indicates greater
impact of
that component on physical stability.
Example 5
[00157] Example 5 sets forth single component testing using a Imidacloprid
600
grams/liter model formulation testing.
[00158] Samples for the Imidacloprid 600 g/L system were prepared as
follows: For
100 lb wheat seeds, a 12 oz slurry containing G600 (2.4 oz); Red colorant (0.5
oz); Additive
(X oz); Water (9.1-Xoz.). For 515 g wheat seeds, 4 mL (cc) prepared slurry was
used. X is
defined by the values in column 6 in Figures 11 A/B/C and Figure 12.
[00159] In Figure 11, the dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg Oakes
variety wheat
seed treated with imidacloprid at a concentration of 600 grams per liter are
described.
[00160] Experiments with Bullet wheat variety are shown in Figure 12. The
dust levels
are described in terms of grams per 100 kg Bullet wheat seed treated with
imidacloprid at a
concentration of 600 grams per liter.
Example 6
[00161] Example 6 sets forth experimental results using Imidacloprid 350
grams/liter
as a model formulation system.
[00162] Sample preparation for the Imidacloprid 350 g/L system was as
follows: For
dust level evaluation, components were mixed with Imidacloprid 600 g/L before
treating
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seeds (PSM series). Each component or mixture of components was weighted
before mixing
with water and Imidacloprid 600g/L. Then, 10, 14, 19 or 28 parts of ingredient
or mixture of
ingredient were mixed with 61.4 parts of Imidacloprid 600 g/L and
corresponding amount of
water to make a 100 parts of Imidacloprid 350 g/L formulation. Next, 9.9 parts
of the above
formulation, 1.2 parts of red colorant and 15.5 parts of water were assembled
to prepare 26.6
parts of slurry. For 515 grams corn or wheat seeds, 4.35 mL prepared slurry
was used.
[00163] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
grams/liter as
a model formulation system are shown in Figure 13 for Oakes wheat variety.
Results are
shown in terms of grams dust per 100 kg Oakes wheat seed to compare the effect
of a variety
of additives.
[00164] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
grams/liter as
a model formulation system are shown in Figure 14 for Bullet wheat variety.
Results are
shown in terms of grams dust per 100 kg Bullet wheat seed to compare the
influence of a
variety of additives.
[00165] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
grams/liter as
a model formulation system are shown in Figure 15 for corn. Results are shown
in terms of
grams dust per 100 kg corn seed to compare the influence of a variety of
additives.
Example 7
[00166] Example 7 sets forth experimental results using Imidacloprid plus
Thiodicarb
150 + 450 g/L as a formulation model system.
[00167] Sample preparation was as follows: For design of experiment
screening and
combined influence evaluation, each candidate was weighted and mixed with
active
ingredients, water, surfactants and other formulants to make a water-based
mixture; the
mixture was milled with Eiger mill (bead mill); Rheology modifier (Kelzan) and
water were
added in the resulted millbase to make the final 600 g/L formulation. Then,
3.5 volume parts
of 600 g/L formulation, 0.1 volume parts of blue colorant and 1.4 volume parts
of water were
mixed to make a slurry ready to treat seeds. For 500 g corn seeds, 5.0 mL (-
5.75 g) prepared
slurry was used.
[00168] In Table 6, the components tested are shown.
Table 6
A Alcohol Type Propylene Glycol Glycerin
Alcohol Level 8 4
Morwet D425 0.5 0
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Film former 1 Luvitec VA64 Genapol 0-100
Film former
Level 4 0
Film former 2 Styronal 778 Impranil DLN 50
Film former 2
Level 4 0
Kelzan S (2%) 0.1 0.05
[00169] As set forth in Figure 16, the dust level in terms of grams/100
kilograms of
corn seed in which various combinations of seed coating factors A-H as
described in Table 5
were examined using the Imidacloprid plus Thiodicarb 150 + 450 g/L formulation
model
system. For the column labeled "PPG/GLC", a positive sign indicates the
presence of
propylene glycol while a minus sign indicates glycerin. For the column labeled
"8/4", a
positive sign indicates 8% and a negative sign indicates 4% and denotes the
weight % amount
of wither propylene glycol or glycerin. For the column labeled D425 (0.5/0), a
positive sign
indicates presence of Morwet D425 in an amount of 0.5% wt and a negative sign
indicates
the absence of Morwet D425. For the column labeled VA64 (SLN 50)/0100, a
positive sign
indicates the presence of Luvitec VA64 and a negative sign indicates the
presence of Genapol
0-100. For the next column, a positive sign indicates 4% wt and a negative
sign indicates
0% wt of either Luvitec 64 or Genapol 0-100. In the column labeled S778/IM1N
(DPN 50), a
positive sign indicates the presence of Styronal 778 while a negative sign
indicates the
presence of Impranil DLN 50. For the next column, a positive sign indicates 4%
wt and a
negative sign indicates 0% wt of either Styronal 778 or Styronal 778. For the
column labeled
KEL (0.1/0.5), a positive sign indicates the presence of Kelzan S (2%) at 0.1%
while a
negative sign indicates the presence of Kelzan S (2%) at 0.05%.
[00170] In Figure 17, a mathematical representation of the effect and
significance of
each factor examined on dust mitigation on dust control in corn is described.
The higher
absolute number indicates greater impact of that ingredient on dust control.
Example 8
[00171] Example 8 sets forth the impact of particle size of the active
ingredient on dust
levels.
[00172] In Figure 18, dust levels are set forth from experiments using the
Imidacloprid
FS 600 g/L formulation model system and wheat variety Oakes seeds while
varying the
particle size. Column 4 presents the particle size.
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[00173] The data are presented graphically in Figure 19. As can be seen,
there is a
direct correlation between particle size and dust levels. As active ingredient
particle size
increases, the amount of dust on the seed increases.
Example 9
[00174] Example 9 sets forth an analysis of surface coverage of the tested
formulations
and dust level.
[00175] Wheat or corn seeds are treated with the seed treatment
composition (slurry)
by a Hege seed treatment device, where the slurry is atomized and coat the
seeds uniformly.
[00176] The treated seeds are kept open to ambient environment for 5 days
and then
stored in a constant climate chamber for minimum of 48 hours at 20 C 2 C
and 50 % 10
% relative humidity. The amount of dust coming off the seeds is measured using
a Heubach
dustmeter. About 100 grams of treated seeds are placed in a chamber. The
chamber is rotated
to generate friction among the seeds and between the chamber wall and the
seeds, which
simulate the handling of the treated seeds. A constant airflow passes through
the chamber
controlled by a precision vacuum system. The flow of air carries air borne
particles through a
coarse filter separator onto a glass fiber filter disc. The Heubach dust
values can be calculated
by measuring the weight of filter disc before and after the evaluation test.
[00177] A qualitative assessment of seed coating using microscopic imaging
was
conducted. Untreated wheat seed surface is uneven, containing ridges, pitts,
and valleys.
This is shown in Figure 20.
[00178] Treated seeds with poor surface coverage have only ridges covered
and show a
higher level of dust. Such dust coverage is shown in Figures 21 and 22.
[00179] Treated seeds with lower level of dust have a higher percentage of
surface
coverage of formulation with both ridges and valleys covered. This is shown in
Figures 23
and 24.
[00180] Imaging analysis was performed comparing the seed coverage of
Figure 22
(poor surface coverage) with that of Figure 24 (good surface coverage). In a
first imaging
analysis, the seed of Figure 22 possessed 46% coverage whereas the seed of
Figure 24
possessed 68% coverage. In a second imaging analysis, the seed of Figure 24
possessed 49%
coverage whereas the seed of Figure 24 possessed 73% coverage.
Example 10
[00181] Example 10 sets forth the influence of single component
compositions on dust
mitigation.
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[00182] The dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg of cereal seed and
corresponding
viscosity (cPs) treated with an additive (Figure 27) at 20% by weight together
with an active
agent, Gaucho 350 (imidacloprid), at an application rate of 200 m1/100 kg seed
were
evaluated in Figure 27. Seed treated with Gaucho 350 (imidacloprid) at an
application rate
of 200 m1/100 kg seed and untreated (naked) seed served as controls.
[00183] The dust levels in terms of grams per 100 kg of cereal seed and
corresponding
viscosity (cPs) treated with an additive (Figure 28) at 20% by weight together
with Gaucho
350 (imidacloprid) at an application rate of 200 m1/100 kg seed were evaluated
in Figure 28.
Seed treated with Gaucho 350 (imidacloprid) at an application rate of 200
m1/100 kg seed and
untreated (naked) seed served as controls.
Example 11
[00184] Example 11 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal
A240, Genapol 0-080, Antarox B/848, Span 80, and Luvitec VA64 (50% SLN) over a
variety
of weight percentages, ranging from 0.5% ¨ 7% by weight, on a variety of
"responses," such
as "dust on wheat," "bleeding," "sedimentation," "wheat flowability" and
"viscosity" (FIG.
29).
[00185] The influence of a combination of additives over a range of weight
percentages on a variety of "responses," such as "dust on wheat," "bleeding,"
"sedimentation," "wheat flowability" and "viscosity" were tested in FIG. 30A
and 30B. The
untreated sample exhibited 3.45 g/100 kg of dust and the Gaucho 350 control
sample
exhibited 2.85g/100kg of dust.
[00186] The relative influence of (A) Acronal A240, (B) Genapol 0-080, (C)
Antarox
B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50% SLN) on dust mitigation was
evaluated in a
Pareto chart in FIG 31. The relative influence of (A) Acronal A240, (B)
Genapol 0-080, (C)
Antarox B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50% SLN) on flowability was
evaluated
in a Pareto chart in FIG 32. The relative influence of (A) Acronal A240, (B)
Genapol 0-
080, (C) Antarox B/848, (D) Span 80, and (E) Luvitec VA64 (50% SLN) on
viscosity was
evaluated in a Pareto chart in FIG 33.
Example 12
[00187] Example 12 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal
A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox B/848 on a variety of "responses," such as
"dust on
wheat," "flowability," and "viscosity."
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[00188] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
with an
application rate of 200m1/100kg of seed were evaluated with the addition of a
combination of
Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080, and Antarox B/848 over a variety of weight
percentages,
ranging from zero to 24 percent by weight of the respective additives. The
results of the dust
mitigation are set forth in FIG. 34 ¨ 37 and 40 ¨42. Results of the viscosity
and flowability
parameters using Imidacloprid 350 with an application rate of 200m1/100kg of
seed were
evaluated with the addition of a combination of Acronal A240, Genapol 0-080,
and Antarox
B/848 over a variety of weight percentages, ranging from zero to 24 percent by
weight of the
respective additives. The results of the viscosity and flowability parameters
are described in
FIG. 34 ¨ 36, 38, and 40 ¨42 and FIG. 34 ¨ 36, 39, and 40 ¨ 42, respectively.
Example 13
[00189] Example 13 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal A240
and Antarox B/848 on "dust on wheat."
[00190] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
with an
application rate of 200m1/100kg of seed were evaluated with the addition of a
combination of
Acronal A240 and Antarox B/848 over a variety of weight percentages, ranging
from 0.5 to 7
percent by weight of the respective additives. The results of the dust
mitigation are set forth
in FIG. 43 and 44. Composition yielding dust levels of less than 1.0 g/100kg
seed and a
viscosity level of less than 1200 cps are highlighted in FIG. 43, while
compositions yielding
dust levels of less than 0.7 g/100kg seed and a viscosity level of less than
1200 cps are
described in FIG. 44.
Example 14
[00191] Example 14 sets forth the influence of combination of additives,
Acronal
A240, Span 80, and Antarox B/848 on a variety of "responses," such as "dust on
wheat,"
"flowability," and "viscosity."
[00192] Results of dust control experimentation using Imidacloprid 350
with an
application rate of 200m1/100kg of seed were evaluated with the addition of a
combination of
Acronal A240, Span 80, and Antarox B/848 over a variety of weight percentages,
ranging
from zero to 24 percent by weight of the respective additives. The results of
the dust
mitigation, viscosity, and flowability are set forth in FIG. 45 ¨ 46.
Example 15
CA 02893929 2015-06-04
WO 2014/146144 PCT/US2014/033815
[00193] Example 15 sets forth the influence of combination of additives on
dust
mitigation.
[00194] Results of dust control experimentation using imidacloprid ("IMD")
with
fludioxonil ("FDX") were evaluated in FIG 48. FIG 49 sets forth a Haubach test
for
measuring the amount of dust mitigation observed with (A) a combination of a
imidacloprid
("IMD") and "fludioxonil" ("FDX") as the treatment agent with Acronal A240 (7%
by
weight) and Antarox (7% by weight) as the additives (for example, Sample 8 of
FIG. 46); (B)
imidacloprid ("IMD") and "fludioxonil" ("FDX") treated control; (C) Gaucho 350
as the
treatment agent with a combination of Acronal (7% by weight), Genapol (3% by
weight), and
Antarox (7% by weight) (for example, Sample 2 of FIG. 45); and (D) Gaucho 350
treated
control.
36
