Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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PREVENTION OF WIRELINE DAMAGE AT A DOWNHOLE WINDOW
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent
Application No. 61/784,784 filed on 14 March 2013, the disclosure of which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention is in the field of oil and gas drilling apparatus
and
procedures for well logging at different elevations along the depth of the
wellbore in
order to determine and monitor the characteristics of the strata that are
being
encountered and traversed.
BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART
[0003] Basic downhole wellbore systems often include lateral wellbores at
different depths. For investigation, monitoring or other well logging
operations it is
known to employ a logging tool or bottom hole assembly (BHA) which has the
capacity
to measure and/or monitor any, all or any combination of resistivity,
conductivity,
formation pressure, electrical, acoustic, radioactive, electromagnetic,
nuclear magnetic
resonance and other properties of the strata such as rock, sand, mud, oil, gas
and shale
and their contained fluids.
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[0004] US patent number 6,131,659 entitled "Downhole Well Corrosion
Monitoring Apparatus and Method", incorporated herein by reference, discloses
an array
of transducers and associated microprocessors insertable into a wellbore.
[0005] US patent number 6,725,925 entitled "Downhole Cathodic Protection
Cable System, incorporated herein by reference, discloses some of the basic
concepts in
downhole drilling operation.
[0006] A further disclosure entitled "Technical Paper: High-performance
Wellbore
Departure and Drilling System for Accessing New Target", incorporated herein
by
reference (available at the website
http://s1b.com/resources/technical
papers/drilling/138001.aspx ), discloses application of wellbore departure in
downhole
drilling systems. The paper asserts that conventional wellbore departure and
drilling
systems generally require the operator to make multiple downhole trips to
achieve a
specific objective, including a window milling bottom hole assembly (BHA) that
is run in
hole to create an exit path in the existing casing and drill sufficient
rathole for the next
drilling assembly, and that in the subsequent trip, a directional drilling BHA
is run to
extend the rathole and drill laterally to the target. The paper discusses the
possibility of
single trip operation with good downhole dynamics control and overall BHA
drillability.
The paper surmises that a re-entry system should be able to mill a window in
the
existing casing sufficiently large enough for obstruction free entry of the
BHA and new
liners, and that once the BHA has exited the casing, the new system would be
required
to drill a full gauge lateral wellbore to the target with good directional
control and
minimal vibration. Technological/operational issues analyzed include dynamic
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simulation of the BHA to study the nature and magnitude of the vibrations,
controlling
vibrations and feed rate to reduce premature cutter damage during window
milling
operations, utilizing the latest force balance software for selection of
shapes, sizes,
number and location of cutters for maximizing on-bottom time, exploring hybrid
cutting
structures on bit/mill to maintain gauge. The discussed system, over several
phases,
involved milling of a window in the existing casing and drilling a lateral to
various
depths. The first phase was run on a conventional rotary BHA in soft and
medium
formations, the second phase included testing on a positive displacement motor
with
bent sub or bent housing, and the third phase included a push-the-bit type
rotary
steerable system. The paper concludes that a functional single-trip system for
milling a
window and drilling a lateral borehole is commercially feasible, and that a
versatile
system will contribute substantially to the technology required to efficiently
and
economically mill a window in the existing casing and then drill an extended
length
lateral wellbore to the target formation without tripping for equipment/bit
change out.
[0007] Wirelines and slicklines are tools inserted in to a well for both
workover
and logging efforts, and are similar devices. A slickline is used to place and
recover
wellbore equipment, such as plugs, gauges and valves. These are single-strand
non-
electric cables lowered into oil and gas wells from the surface. Slicklines
can also be
used for adjustment of downhole valves and sleeves, and to repair tubing
within the
wellbore. A wireline is an electrical cable used to lower tools into, transmit
data about
the conditions of the well bore, and conduct logging. Wirelines can be single
strands or
multi-strands. A wireline can be used for well intervention and formation
evaluation
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operations. Wireline logs can be used to measure formation properties in a
well
through electrical lines. These measurements can be used to help geologists,
drillers
and engineers make real-time decisions about drilling operations, and can
include
resistivity, conductivity and formation pressure, as well as sonic properties
and we!lbore
dimensions. A logging tool, known in the industry as a sonde, is located at
the bottom
of the wireline. The tool is lowered by the wireline to a certain depth, and
measurements are taken continuously on the ascent. When producing wells
require
remedial work to sustain, restore or enhance production, this is referred to
in the
industry as workover operations. A well-servicing unit is used to winch items
in and out
of the wellbore. The line used to raise and lower equipment can be braided
steel
wireline or a single strand slickline. Workover operations can include well
clean-up,
setting plugs, production logging and perforation through explosives.
[0008] Wirelines can also be used for core drilling operations, in which
the
objective is to retrieve a core sample. In core drilling, a core drill string
includes a
series of connected long hollow tubes, known as a rod string, with a barrel at
the end
connected to a cutting bit at the bottom of the hole. To remove the core, the
entire
core barrel including each connected tube is removed. With wireline core
drilling, the
barrel can be removed without removing the rod string. An overshot is lowered
on the
end of a wireline, and the overshot attaches to the back of the inner tube
disengages
itself from the barrel as the core barrel inner tube and the wireline is
pulled back.
[0009] To access a lateral wellbore such a BHA is attached to a wireline
cable and
transported downward in the main wellbore, then turned in a lateral direction
and into
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the lateral wellbore, and then directed to exit the lateral wellbore through a
window or
aperture milled in a wall thereof and then into a strata of interest.
[0010] Unfortunately the milled window in a lateral casing wall often has
sharp
edges that may abrade or break a wireline cable that traverses against such
edges.
Tension on such cable as well as repeating the operation for multiple runs of
a BHA are
two factors that increase abrasive friction or other damage to a wireline
cable.
[0011] Use of wireline cable and slicklines to transport the logging tool
has been
preferred for various reasons including ease, accuracy and economy; however,
the risk
of abrading or damaging the cable at the lateral window has been a major
problem
causing time delays, expense and even shutdown of the entire apparatus when a
cable
must be repaired or replaced.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0012] A first object of the present invention is to provide apparatus
that allows
safe and efficient use of wireline cable to transport a BHA through a milled
window in a
lateral wellbore and provides similarly for safe and efficient use of
slicklines.
[0013] Another object is to provide a tool attached to a BHA which
engages the
wellbore window and prevents the wireline from contacting the edge of the
window as
the BHA travels through said window and moves axially distally beyond said
window.
[0014] A further object is for the tool as described above to be attached
to and
carried by the BHA as it passes through downhole and lateral wellbores
approaching
said lateral wellbore window. In a preferred embodiment of the present
invention the
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tool will have a diameter no greater than the BHA to which it is removably
attached.
Alternatively, this tool may be standalone from the BHA and still function
with a
wellbore window to improve safe and efficient use of wirelines and slicklines.
[0015] A still further object is for said tool as described above to
separate from
said BHA when said BHA enters said window, and as the tool engages the window
to
maintain said wireline from contacting the edge of the window.
[0016] A further object is for said tool as defined above to be
reconnected to said
BHA when the BHA is withdrawn back out through said window and thence outward
of
said lateral and downhole wellbores.
[0017] An additional object is for said tool is described above to engage
said
edge of the window by having a part of said tool move to positions radially
outward of
the central axis of the BHA to thus have a diameter greater than the opening
of the
window.
[0018] Another object is for said tool as described above to comprise a
pair of
pivotal arms which are spring biased or otherwise directed to their open
position where
they span a space greater than the opening of said window. Optionally, the
tool could
have two pairs of arms or some number more than two arms.
[0019] It is thus another object to provide a tool which can protect the
wireline
from damage by a sharp edge of the wellbore window, which tool is transported
to the
window by the BHA itself and is removed by the BHA when it is retracted.
[0020] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are
described
below:
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1. A bottom hole assembly (BHA) connectable to a wireline cable, the BHA
having
outer diameter D1 adapted to pass through a wellbore inner pipe of
predetermined
inner diameter Dp, the BHA comprising:
a. a cylindrical housing having a proximal end connectable to said wireline
and a distal end, and a maximum outer diameter D1 less Dp, and
b. a blocking tool comprising:
i. a body part having a central axis and a distal end releasably coupled to
said proximal end of said housing,
ii. a maximum outer diameter D2 less than Dp,
iii. a central bore through which said wireline cable is axially slidable,
iv. a blocking part carried by said body part and movable from a closed
position where said blocking part extends radially outward of said central
axis a
distance less than Dp, and has an open position where it extends radially
outward a distance greater than Dp, and
v. a drive mechanism adapted to move said blocking part from said closed
position to said open position, and further adapted to cause separation of
said
blocking tool from said cylindrical body while allowing said cable to remain
slidable through said blocking tool when said cylindrical housing moves
axially
distally away from said blocking tool.
2. A bottom hole assembly (BHA) connectable to a wireline cable, and
operable to
pass through a downhole wellbore contiguous with a lateral wellbore both
having
diameter Dp (or the lateral wellbore may have a diameter less than the
diameter of the
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mainbore), the lateral wellbore having a lateral window aperture of maximum
diameter
Dw, the BHA comprising:
a. a cylindrical housing having a proximal end connectable to a wireline
and
a distal end, and a maximum outer diameter D1 less than Dp, and
b. a blocking tool comprising:
i. a body part having a central axis and a distal end releasably coupled to
said proximal end of said housing,
ii. a maximum outer diameter D2 less than Dp,
iii. a central bore through which said wireline cable is axially slidable,
iv. a blocking part carried by said body part and movable from a closed
position where said blocking part extends radially outward of said central
axis a
distance less than Dp, and has an open position where it extends radially
outward a distance greater than Dw, and
v. a drive mechanism adapted to move said blocking part from said
closed position to said open position, and further adapted to cause separation
of
said blocking tool from said cylindrical body while allowing said cable to
remain
slidable through said blocking tool when said cylindrical housing moves
axially
distally away from said blocking tool.
3. A method operable with a BHA as defined in example 2 above that is
entering
a lateral wellbore window, comprising the steps to prevent said wireline from
engaging
any edge of said lateral wellbore window:
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a. directing said drive mechanism of said blocking tool to move said blocking
part to
said open position to have diameter greater than said window and to engage the
edge
of said window and thereby block entry of said blocking tool through said
window, and
b. separating said blocking tool from said BHA while allowing said cable to
remain
slidable through said blocking tool and maintaining said cable spaced from
engaging
said window edge, as said BHA moves axially distally away from said blocking
tool.
4. A BHA according to example 1 above where said blocking part comprises a
pair
of arms having proximal ends pivotally coupled to said body part and distal
ends, said
arms being movable to a position where said distal ends thereof are radially
outward of
said body part.
5. A BHA according to example 4 above where said pair of arms are spring
biased
toward said open position and are restrained by said drive mechanism in said
closed
position until said BHA begins to enter said wellbore window.
6. A BHA according to example 5 above where said BHA contains wellbore
logging
sensors selected from the group consisting of resistivity, conductivity,
formation
pressure, electrical, acoustics, radioactive, electromagnetic, nuclear
magnetic resonance
and other properties of strata and their contained liquids being investigated
and/or
monitored.
7. A BHA according to example 1 above where said blocking part comprises a
plurality of arms having proximal ends pivotally coupled to said body part and
distal
ends, said arms being movable to a position where said distal ends thereof are
radially
outward of said body part.
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[0021]
Further method embodiments of the present invention are exemplified as
follows:
1.
A method of reducing potential damage to a wireline having a BHA coupled to
its
distal end when said wireline is axially extended through and past edges of a
window
opening that extends from the outer to the inner side of the wall of a lateral
wellbore,
the BHA having a proximal and distal ends, the wireline and BHA having outer
diameter
less than that of said window, the method comprising the steps:
a. removably coupling a blocking tool to the proximal end of said BHA,
b. coupling said BHA to the distal end of said wireline,
c. directing said wireline and BHA to said window in said lateral wellbore,
d. directing said blocking tool to expand to a diameter greater than the
diameter of said window,
e. de-coupling said blocking tool from said BHA and allowing said wireline
and BHA to axially enter and traverse said window and enter said wellbore
while
said blocking tool prevents said wireline and BHA from contacting said edges
of
said window
f. subsequently withdrawing said wireline and BHA outward through said
window while said blocking tool continues to prevent said wireline and BHA
from
contacting said edges of said window, and
g. re-coupling said BHA to the proximal end of said blocking tool as said
wireline and BHA are withdrawn through said window.
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2. The method of Claim 2 where said blocking tool has a body part and a
plurality
of arms with proximal ends pivotally coupled to said body part and distal
ends, the arms
having a closed position and said arms being movable to an extended position
where
said distal ends thereof are radially outward of said body part to define a
diameter of
said blocking tool greater than the diameter of said window, whereby said
blocking tool
is barred from entering into said window.
3. The method of Claim 2 where said blocking tool comprises a drive
mechanism to
move said arms to said extended position and to subsequently withdraw said
arms to
said closed position.
4. The method of Claim 2 where said drive mechanism further comprises
spring
elements biasing said arms toward said open position thereof, and said drive
mechanism restrains said arms in said retracted position until directed to
allow said
spring elements to drive said arms to said open position.
5. The method of Claim 1 where said BHA contains wellbore logging sensors
that
are capable of measuring and/or monitoring properties selected from the group
consisting of resistivity, conductivity, formation pressure, acoustics,
radioactivity,
electromagnetic and nuclear magnetic resonance of strata and their contained
liquids
being investigated and/or monitored.
6. A method of reducing the risk of potential damage to a wireline when it
is axially
extended through and past edges of a window opening that extends from the
outer to
the inner side of the wall of a lateral wellbore, the window opening being
larger than
the diameter of said wireline, the method comprising the steps:
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a. providing a blocking mechanism that has width greater than the size of
the window opening,
b. positioning said blocking mechanism adjacent said outer side of said
lateral wellbore adjacent said window, said blocking mechanism being barred
from entering and traversing said window because of its diameter being larger
than said window opening, and
c. with said blocking mechanism blocking said wireline from engaging said
edges of said window as said wireline is directed to enter and pass through
said
window, and as said wireline is subsequently withdrawn out of said window.
[0022] These and other objects will be evident from the drawings and
description
herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic fragmentary side elevation view partially
in section
of a prior art well casing, downhole pipe and wellhead penetrator,
[0024] Figure 2 is an enlarged detail of a portion of the prior art
structure in
Figure 1,
[0025] Figure 3A is a schematic fragmentary side elevation view of a BHA
at the
distal end of a wireline in a downhole well casing approaching a lateral
wellbore,
[0026] Figure 3B is a view similar to Figure 3A showing the BHA in the
lateral well
bore and inserted through a lateral window,
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[0027] Figure 3C is a detailed top plan view of the lateral window
opening in the
lateral wellbore of Figure 3B,
[0028] Figure 3D is a fragmentary side elevation view in section of the
lateral
window of Figure 3C,
[0029] Figure 4A is similar to Figure 3A but shows the BHA with the
blocking tool
coupled to the distal and of the BHA,
[0030] Figure 4B is similar to Figure 3B but shows the BHA having passed
through the lateral window and the blocking tool in gauging the inner edge of
the
lateral window,
[0031] Figure 5A is an enlarged side elevation view of the BHA showing
the
blocking mechanism with arms in closed condition,
[0032] Figure 5B is similar to Figure 5A but shows the blocking mechanism
with
the arms extended transversely and engaging the edges of the inside wall of
the lateral
window as the BHA begins entry and traverse of the lateral window, and
[0033] Figure 5C is similar to Figure 5B but shows the blocking member
separated from the BHA and the BHA moved distally away from the blocking
member.
[0034] Figure 5D is similar to Figure 5C but employs two pairs of arms.
[0035] Figure 5E is similar to Figure 5A but illustrates employs longer
arms.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0036] For convenience and clarity in describing these embodiments,
similar
elements or components appearing in different Figures will have the same
reference
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numbers.
[0037] Figures 1, 2, 3A-3D, 4A and 4B illustrate a conventional downhole
wellbore 10 whose downhole outer pipe casing 11 inner casing 12 leads to
lateral
wellbore 13. Near the top of wellbore 10 is a wellhead penetrator 14 into
which is
inserted either wireline 16 seen in Figure 1 or coiled cable 17 seen in Figure
2.
[0038] At the distal end 20 of wireline 16, seen in Figure 3A, is
attached a bottom
hole assembly (BHA) 22 which includes selective sensors or at least one sensor
for
detecting and/or measuring and reporting the existence and characteristics of
strata in
the vicinity of a lateral wellbore 13 that will be entered by the BHA 22. At
the distal or
lead end of the BHA 22 is a steering probe 24 which is used to guide the BHA
along a
selective path including turn 25, then into lateral wellbore 13. Figure 3B
shows the BHA
having passed through lateral window 26 of lateral wellbore 13 and into area
28.
[0039] Figure 3C provides an enlarged illustration of lateral window 26
in lateral
wellbore 13, this window being an opening milled or otherwise cut in the wall
of lateral
wellbore 13. While window 26 appears as an oval opening, its proximal edge 27
is
necessarily a friction point or knife edge against which wireline 16 rubs when
it
traverses window 26 and moves distally into area 28. It is this knife edge
friction point
where wirelines become damaged and may even break when they are moved axially
back-and-forth during strata examination, with expensive and time-consuming
consequences. Thus, a need has existed for a system that has wireline benefits
of ease
of use, speed and relatively low cost, and also avoids or reduces damage or
risk of
damage to wirelines. The present invention achieves these objectives as
illustrated in
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Figures 4A, 4B, 5A, 5B and 5C described below. Window 26 may have a vertical
as well
as horizontal orientation.
[0040] Figure 4A is similar to Figure 3A showing a downhole outer pipe
casing
11, inner pipe 12, lateral wellbore 13, wireline 16 and BHA 22 with its
steering probe
24. The rear or proximal end segment is blocking tool 30 where later separates
from
the remainder of BHA 22 as further described below. The BHA is shown
descending
before it turns to approach lateral window 26 and passes the window's sharp
edged 27.
[0041] Figure 4B shows BHA 22 having traveled to and through lateral
window 26
with a blocking tool 30 separated from the remainder of BHA 22 and now
situated at
the inner edge of window 26. Wireline 16 has moved axially through blocking
tool 30
as BHA 22 is directed axially into area or zone 28.
[0042] An object of this invention is to protect a wireline from damage
at the
friction point 27 where it must pass, this procedure occurring deep
underground.
[0043] The new blocking tool 30 shown in Figures 4B and 5A-5C has a pair
of
arms 32 that spring out when released. When these arms engage the edges 29 of
window/aperture 26 in lateral wellbore 13, tool 30 is situated at window 26
but blocked
from proceeding through the window. While so situated tool 30 serves as a
guide or
bushing and may include rollers through which cable 16 moves easily axially
without
encountering sharp edge 27 of window 26. Arms 32 and associated mechanism not
shown in tool 30 position, orient and maintain this tool in the lateral
wellbore window
26, and safely guide wireline 16. BHA 22 is thus transported axially into zone
28 with no
risk of damage to cable 16 from friction, abrasion or cutting by edge 27.
Furthermore,
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the bushing characteristic of tool 30 facilitates ease, speed and safety of
repeated back-
and-forth transitions of cable 16.
[0044] The specific construction of blocking tool 30 may vary, but the one
illustrated herein has arms 32 in closed compact position shown in Figure 5A,
the arms
being biased by springs 34 to pivot in the directions of arrows 33 to open
positions
shown in Figure 5B. Release element 36 activated by electronic signals in
wireline cable
16 releases arms 32 to spring to their open position, seen in Figure 5B, just
when the
BHA 22 has arrived in the mid-window location. Feet 38 of arms 32 are now
spaced
apart a distance greater than the width of opening 26, which bars tool 30 from
continuing through window 26. However, with this movement of arms 32 to their
open
end blocking position, blocking tool 30 separates from the main body of BHA
22, the
main body then proceeding in the direction of arrow 40 its investigation and
monitoring
functions, as seen in Figure 5C. Separation may be achieved by many different
mechanisms, one device illustrated schematically herein is element 39 that
engages
mating element 39A and is activated by release element 36.
[0045] Figure 5D illustrates a variation of the blocking tool, having more
than two
arms, such as a second pair of opposite arms, one being shown as arm 33 and
its foot
or roller wheel 33A, the opposite arm not seen. Figure 5E illustrates a still
further
variation of the blocking tool where the arms 40 are not confined to be stored
internal
of the housing and thus can be longer and more effective in some situations.
[0046] When BHA 22 is withdrawn back up the wellbore, cable 16 is pulled
in the
direction of arrow 42 as seen in Figure 5C, until BHA 22 returns to its
position of
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FIGURE 5B, and then proceeds backwards and upwards into the wellbore. During
retraction of cable 16 the tension in the cable pulls BHA 22 rearward where it
reconnects with blocking tool 30. Blocking tool 30 either returns to its
closed position of
Figure 5A, or alternatively its arms 32 resiliently close enough to fit within
downhole
pipe 12 as BHA 22 is withdrawn. For arms 32 as illustrated, the feet 38 are
formed as
rollers to facilitate movement of the feet when they engage edges 29 of window
26,
and when they later ride against the inner wall surfaces of pipe 12 when BHA
is
retracted. Other forms of blocking tools are possible, but the device
presently shown
effectively achieves the goal of facilitating passage of cable 16 past sharp
edge 27 while
eliminating frictional contact therewith and risk of abrasion or other damage
to the
cable, and does so by attachment of an auxiliary blocking element at the
distal end of
the BHA that conforms generally to the small diameter dimensions required for
ready
passage of the BHA within the downhole pipe and the lateral borehole.
[0047] Thus, in this embodiment the BHA carries its own blocking in cable
guidance tool all the way down to the lower depths of the wellbore. This tool
traverses
the extremely narrow diameter of the inner downhole pipe and then opens to a
substantially larger diameter in its blocking mode. In this particular case
the blocking
tool's arms 32 are carried totally within the outer circumferential dimension
of the
cylindrical BHA. The location of the cable generally along the central axis of
BHA 22 is
maintained, as seen in Figure 5C, when blocking tool 30 separates from the
main body
of BHA 22.
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[0048] In the claims herein the bottom hole assembly or BHA for
investigation,
monitoring or other well logging operations is presumed to include at least
one sensor
to investigate, measure and or monitor resistivity, conductivity, formation
pressure,
electrical, acoustic, radioactive, electromagnetic, nuclear magnetic resonance
and other
properties of the strata and their contained fluids in an area of interest. In
embodiments of this invention a selected BHA would have outer dimensions
appropriate
for being transported through the bore of a downhole and lateral wellbore.
[0049] While the invention has been described in conjunction with several
embodiments, it is to be understood that many alternatives, modifications, and
variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the
foregoing
description. Accordingly, this invention is intended to embrace all such
alternatives,
modifications, and variations which fall within the spirit and scope of the
appended
claims.
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