Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CANDLE COMPRISING A FABRIC INFUSED WITH A WAX-BASED FORMULATION
FIELD
The present technology is directed to a wickless candle. More specifically, it
is directed to a candle made
from a fabric and beeswax-based formulation which substantially fills the
interstitial spaces in the fabric.
The candle can be modified by adding a match head to it.
BACKGROUND
Conventional candles contain a single wick. In these candles, the cross-
sectional surface area of the wick
is much smaller than the cross-sectional surface area of the candle itself.
The conventional candle thus
suffers from the problem of failing to provide sufficient heat so that the
candle body burns evenly.
Particularly, in candles contained in a container or vessel, the melt pool
fails to reach the edge of the
container. Larger candles and irregularly shaped candles with single wicks
also suffer from this problem.
Further, conventional candles are limited because the flame created takes on
the shape of the wick. Thus,
the flame exists as a single point, and no aesthetic designs, shapes, or
patterns can be created with the
flame itself. The conventional wick, despite the use of rectangular, circular,
or even a hollow wick, creates
only a single point of light. A further drawback of the conventional candle is
that the horizontal cross-
sectional area of the wick is small compared to the horizontal cross-sectional
area of the candle body.
Typical candles occasionally use multiple wicks, evenly placed throughout the
candle body. Larger or
irregularly shaped candles are often provided with these multiple wicks
distributed in the candle body to
provide sufficient heat for the candle wax to liquefy and burn. However, even
these types of candles suffer
from the same problems as discussed above because of the placement and use of
multiple, conventional
wicks in larger and irregularly shaped candles. Multiple wick use in a candle
further suffers from the
drawback that the melt pool created by each burning wick does not conform to
the shape of the candle
or the candle's container. The total cross-sectional area of the multiple
wicks is still relatively small
compared to the cross-sectional area of the candle, even when multiple wicks
are used. Because of these
deficiencies in the use of multiple conventional wicks, larger or irregularly
shaped candles typically burn
unevenly. Even these candles are limited in their aesthetic possibilities, as
the flame shapes created by
the multiple wicks appear simply as multiple points of light.
United States Patent Application 20120202160 discloses a candle that has a
ribbon style wick disposed in
the candle body so that the wick creates a shape in addition to the shape of
the wick material itself. The
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shape created by the wick is an open or closed shape that may be geometric or
organic. The body of the
wick is surrounded by wax and, if a closed shape is created, the wax is
disposed within the closed shape.
Once lit, the flame of the candle then takes on the shape created by the
placement of the wick. This does
not address the problem of uneven burning, dripping wax, wax residues, and
lack of resistance to being
blown out by wind gusts or rapid movement.
United States Patent Application 20150041068 discloses a system and method for
manufacturing a
composite candle wick includes a mechanism for feeding the cotton wick and
wood wick at substantially
the same speeds. The wood wick is heated in order to cause a melting of a wax
coating around the cotton
wick and pressure is applied to the wick materials through a compression wheel
and drive belt which
carries the wick materials. Once the pressure is applied to form the composite
wick the wicks are then
sent through a cutting tube where a cutting blade will cut the wick to its
desired length. The use of
composite wicks does not address the problem of the candle being blown out by
gusts of wind, nor does
it address the problem of dripping wax and the resultant mess.
United States Patent Application 20130095440 discloses a rigid planar wick and
one or more fabric wicks
are adhered together for use in candles. The fabric wicks may be planar fabric
wicks, traditional shaped
string-shaped wicks or a fabric sheath. The rigid wick is of a predetermined
width, length, and thickness
and the planar fabric wick is of some dimension equal to, less than, or
greater than the planar surface
area of the rigid wick. By combining both a planar fabric wick and a rigid
planar wick, consistency in flame
heights can be achieved, providing an improved wick for candle use. This does
not address the problem
of the candle being blown out by gusts of wind, nor does it address the
problem of dripping wax and the
resultant mess.
What is needed is a candle that does not drip, and that has superior burning
characteristics. It would be
preferable if there was no wax residue left from burning the candle and little
or no melt pool. It would be
more preferable if the candle was resistant to being blown out by gusts of
wind, or if moved quickly. It
would be further preferable if the candle was composed of a lower percentage
of wax as compared to
conventional wax candles. It would be further preferable it the candle could
be easily cut to provide a
fresh, clean candle. It would be preferable if the candle could be provided in
a variety of different shapes,
while retaining the desired advantages.
SUMMARY
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The present technology is an essentially dripless candle. It has superior and
controlled burning
characteristics and little or no melt pool as substantially all of the first
surface of the candle is the burning
surface. Hence, if a small point flame is desired, a small point of the candle
is at the first surface.
Alternatively, should a larger and perhaps broad flame be desired, the first
surface of the candle is larger
and broader. The candle is resistant to being blown out. It has a lower
percentage of wax and a lower
ratio of wax to wick as compared to conventional wax candle. The candle can
easily be cut to provide a
fresh, clean candle. The candle can be molded in a variety of shapes, as the
layers of the candle adhere
to one another.
In one embodiment a wickless candle is provided, the candle comprising one or
more sheets formed into
a three-dimensional shape, the sheet including: a first outer layer; a second
outer layer; and an inner
layer therebetween to provide a thickness, the first outer layer and the
second outer layer including a
beeswax-based formulation, the inner layer including the beeswax-based
formulation and a combustible
substrate, the substrate including a plurality of fibers and a plurality of
interstitial spaces between the
fibers, the interstitial spaces retaining the beeswax-based formulation,
wherein the beeswax-formulation
in the interstitial spaces is continuous with the beeswax-based formulation of
the first outer layer and
the second outer layer.
In the wickless candle, the beeswax-based formulation may comprise about 35%
to about 60% by weight
of the candle.
In the wickless candle, the beeswax-based formulation may comprise beeswax,
tree resin, and Jojoba oil.
In the wickless candle, the substrate may be a fabric or a cellulosic layer.
In the wickless candle, the substrate may be the fabric.
In the wickless candle, the beeswax-based formulation may comprise about 30%
to about 50% by weight
beeswax, about 9% to about 24% by weight tree resin and about 3% to about 10%
by weight Jojoba oil.
In the wickless candle, the inner layer may comprise between about 70% to
about 90% of the thickness
of the sheet.
In the wickless candle, the one or more sheets may be one or more strips.
In the wickless candle, one or more strips may be twisted.
In the wickless candle, two or more strips may be braided.
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In the wickless candle, the sheets may be laminated into a block.
In the wickless candle, the block may be a ball.
In the wickless candle, the block may be a rectangle.
In the wickless candle, the block may be a taper.
In the wickless candle, the block may be a pyramid.
In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a wickless candle is
provided, the method comprising
selecting a combustible substrate which has interstitial spaces, filling the
interstitial spaces with a
beeswax-based formulation to provide an inner layer, coating the inner layer
with a thin first outer layer
on a first side and a thin second outer layer on a second side to provide one
or more sheets, and shaping
one or more sheets into a three-dimensional shape, thereby manufacturing a
wickless candle.
In the method, the beeswax-based formulation may comprise about 30% to about
50% by weight
beeswax, about 9% to about 24% by weight tree resin and about 3% to about 10%
by weight Jojoba oil.
In the method, the inner layer is coated such that the thin first outer layer
and the second thin outer layer
may comprise between about 10% to about 30% of the thickness of the sheet.
The method may further comprise cutting the sheet into one or more strips.
The method may further comprise twisting the one or more strips.
The method may further comprise braiding two or more strips.
The method may further comprise laminating the sheets into a block.
In the method the block may be a ball.
In the method the block may be a rectangle.
In the method the block may be a taper.
In the method the block may be a pyramid.
In another embodiment, a match is provided, the match comprising: one or more
sheets formed into a
three-dimensional shape, the three-dimensional shape having a first end, a
second end and a length
therebetween, the sheet including a first outer layer, a second outer layer
and an inner layer
therebetween to provide a thickness, the first outer layer and the second
outer layer including a
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beeswax-based formulation, the inner layer including the beeswax-based
formulation and a combustible
substrate, the substrate including a plurality of fibers and a plurality of
interstitial spaces between the
fibers, the interstitial spaces retaining the beeswax-based formulation,
wherein the beeswax-formulation
in the interstitial spaces is continuous with the beeswax-based formulation of
the first outer layer and
the second outer layer; and a mass of ignition material, the mass of ignition
material either coating the
first end to provide a match head, or embedded in the first end.
In the match the three-dimensional shape may be a cylinder.
In the match the ignition material may be the match head.
FIGURES
Figure 1 is a side view of a candle of the present technology.
Figure 2A is a schematic of a cross section through the sheet of the candle of
Figure 1; Figure 2B is an end
view of the candle; Figure 2C is a view of the other end; and Figure 2D is a
close-up schematic of the fabric
with the formulation.
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the method of manufacturing the sheet of the
candle of Figure 1.
Figure 4A-4D show different candles made from strips of sheet. Figure 4A shows
a spiral candle; Figure
4B shows a helical candle; Figure 4C shows a candle made from three strips;
Figure 4D shows a braided
candle.
Figure 5 shows an exemplary candle made from a stack of sheet.
Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of Figure 5.
Figure 7A-E show exemplary shapes of candles made from a stack of sheet.
Figure 7A is ball shaped candle;
Figure 7B is a flat-bottomed ball shaped candle; Figure 7C is a rectangular-
shaped candle; Figure 7D is a
triangular shaped candle; and Figure 7E is a tapered candle.
Figure 8 is match of the present technology
Figure 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of an alternate embodiment of the
match of Figure 8.
DESCRIPTION
CA 2995780 2018-02-19
Except as otherwise expressly provided, the following rules of interpretation
apply to this specification
(written description and claims): (a) all words used herein shall be construed
to be of such gender or
number (singular or plural) as the circumstances require; (b) the singular
terms "a", "an", and "the", as
used in the specification and the appended claims include plural references
unless the context clearly
dictates otherwise; (c) the antecedent term "about" applied to a recited range
or value denotes an
approximation within the deviation in the range or value known or expected in
the art from the
measurements method; (d) the words "herein", "hereby", "hereof", "hereto",
"hereinbefore", and
"hereinafter", and words of similar import, refer to this specification in its
entirety and not to any
particular paragraph, claim or other subdivision, unless otherwise specified;
(e) descriptive headings are
for convenience only and shall not control or affect the meaning or
construction of any part of the
specification; and (f) "or" and "any" are not exclusive and "include" and
"including" are not limiting.
Further, the terms "comprising," "having," "including," and "containing" are
to be construed as open
ended terms (i.e., meaning "including, but not limited to,") unless otherwise
noted.
Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a
shorthand method of referring
individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise
indicated herein, and each
separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were
individually recited herein. Where a
specific range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening
value, to the tenth of the unit
of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the
upper and lower limit of that
range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range, is
included therein. All smaller sub
ranges are also included. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges
are also included therein,
subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have
the same meaning as
commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the relevant art. Although any
methods and materials
similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used, the
acceptable methods and materials
are now described.
Definitions
Beeswax ¨ The main components are palmitate, palmitoleate, and oleate esters
of long-chain (30-32
carbons) aliphatic alcohols, with the ratio of triacontanyl palmitate
CH3(CH2)290-00-(CH2)14CH3 to
cerotic acid CH3(CH2)24C00H, the two principal components, being 6:1. Beeswax
can be classified
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generally into European and Oriental types. The saponification value is lower
(3-5) for European beeswax,
and higher (8-9) for Oriental types.
Beeswax has a relatively low melting point range of 62 to 64 C (144 to 147
F). If beeswax is heated above
85 C (185 F) discoloration occurs. The flash point of beeswax is about 204.4
C (400 to 470 F). Density
at 15 C is 958 to 970 kg/m3.
Natural beeswax - When cold it is brittle; at ordinary temperatures it is
tenacious; its fracture is dry and
granular. The sp. gr. at 15 C is from 0.958 to 0.975, that of melted wax at 98
¨ 99 compared with water
at 15.5 is 0.822. It softens when held in the hand, and melts at 62 ¨ 66% it
solidifies at 60.5 ¨ 63 C.
Cellulosic sheet ¨ These are meant to include any product incorporating
papermaking fibre having
cellulose fibres as a major constituent. Cellulose fibres are naturally
occurring fibres, as opposed to
regenerated fibres such as lyocell or rayon that are liberated from their
source material by any one of a
number of pulping processes. "Papermaking fibres" include virgin pulps,
recycle (secondary) cellulosic
fibres, or cellulosic fibres. The papermaking fibres include those obtained
from deciduous and coniferous
trees, including softwood fibres, such as fir, pine, spruce and the like, and
hardwood fibres, such as
eucalyptus, maple, birch, aspen, and the like. The papermaking fibres may also
include cellulosic fibres
such as cotton, hemp, linen, and sisal. The papermaking fibres may also
include cellulosic fibres from
monocots and non-secondary growth plants. The cellulosic sheet includes Kraft
paper. It has interstitial
spaces.
Fabric ¨ in the context of the present technology, a fabric includes knits and
weaves of fibres such as, but
not limited to nylon, rayon, carbon fibre, silk, mechanically processed bamboo
(bamboo linen), bamboo,
cotton, hemp, linen, sisal, hardwood fibre, softwood fibre and mixtures
thereof.
Natural fabric ¨ in the context of the present technology, natural fabric
includes knits and weaves of silk
and of plant derived fibres, such as, but not limited to cotton, jute, kenaf,
hemp, linen, sisal, hardwood
fibre, mechanically processed bamboo (bamboo linen), softwood fibre,
herbaceous dicot fibres and
monocot fibres and mixtures thereof. Natural fabric does not include fabrics
from regenerated fibres.
Jojoba oil - This is a liquid wax ester from seeds of the seed of the
Simmondsia chinensis plant. It has not
been saponified. The melting point of jojoba oil is approximately 10 C and the
iodine value is
approximately 80. It has a viscosity of 48 cSt at 99 C and 127 cSt at 37.8 C.
It is composed largely of 11-
Eicosenoic Acid (C20:1) [30.3%], Docosenoic Acid (C22:1) [14.2%], Docosdienoic
acid (C22:2) [33.7%] and
9-Godoelic Acid (C20:1) [14.6%]. There are no trigycerides. Other oils sharing
the characteristics of jojoba
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oil are suitable substitutes, with viscosity, melting point and a high
percentage of long, relatively straight
chain fatty acids, with one or two double bonds and a lack of trigycerides
being the more important
characteristics for the present technology.
Tree resin ¨ The preferred resin is from the Damar tree and is referred to
also as Damar gum. Without
being bound to theory, the tree resin increases the melting point of the wax
and adds to the adhesive
qualities when mixed with the oil. The damar crystals melt at about 2252 C.
The resin is obtained from
the Dipterocarpaceae family, principally those of the genera Shorea,
Balanocarpus or Hopea. Other resins
or exudates from plants and trees that provide the desired traits can be used
wholly or in part as
substitutes, for example, resin from the copal tree, Protium copal
(Burseraceae) or the mastic tree,
Pistacia lentiscus or sandarac from the Tetraclinis articulata tree may
substitute for the Damar tree.
Accordingly the term "tree resin" refers to any of the above mentioned resins
or combinations thereof.
Up to about 5% candelilla or carnauba wax may be included in any of the resins
or mixtures thereof.
Wick ¨ in the context of the present technology, a wick is a bundle or loose
twist or braid of soft threads,
or a woven strip or tube, as of cotton or asbestos, which in serves to draw up
the melted tallow or wax or
the oil or other flammable liquid to be burned.
Wickless- in the context of the present technology, wickless refers to a
candle in which wicking of melted
wax or other flammable liquid to be burned is reduced or substantially
eliminated. It can also be
understood to be a candle in which there is no defined waxless bundle or loose
twist or braid of soft
threads, or a woven strip or tube. It can also be understood to be a candle in
which the wax formulation
substantially fills the interstitial spaces in a substrate.
Three-dimensional shape ¨ in the context of the present technology, a three
dimensional shape is any
shape that can be made using what is loosely referred to as a two dimensional
sheet. A three dimensional
shape is, for example, but not limited to, a ball, a cylinder, a pyramid, a
block, a ball or a taper.
Detailed Description
A candle, generally referred to as 10 is shown in Figure 1. It has a length,
generally referred to as 12,
which has an edge 14 and a first surface 16. In the embodiment shown, the edge
14 spirals. The top end
of the length 12 is the burning end 18, which is opposite to the bottom end
20. As shown in Figure 2A,
the candle is made from a sheet, generally referred to as 100 which also has
the edge 14, the first surface
16 and a second surface 22. The edge 14 has an inner layer 30, a first outer
layer 32, and a second outer
layer 34. The inner layer 30 includes a planar substrate 40 and a formulation
42. As shown in Figure 2B,
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the bottom end 20 is flat and has the inner layer 30, the first outer layer 32
and the second outer layer 34
with their respective surfaces as shown in Figure 2A. As shown in Figure 2C,
the burning end 18 has the
inner layer 30, the first outer layer 32, the second outer layer 34, with
their respective surfaces as shown
in Figure 2A. The combustible substrate 40 is preferably a fabric that
provides structural support for the
formulation 42. The fabric is preferably a natural fabric. As shown in Figure
20, the formulation 42 may
sandwich, coat, impregnate, infiltrate, partially coat, cover, partially
cover, or infuse the fibres 44 of the
fabric 40. It substantially fills the interstitial spaces 46. The formulation
42 in the first outer layer 32 and
the second outer layer 34 is continuous with the formulation in the
interstitial spaces 46. Ideally, both the
first surface 16 and the second surface 22 are composed in their entirety of
the formulation 42, but the
fabric 40 may also form part of either or both surfaces 16,22. Superior
adhesion between the first and
second surface 16, 22 is obtained by ensuring that the entire first surface 16
and the entire second surface
22 are composed of the formulation 42. If there is partial coverage of the
surfaces with the formulation,
then the adhesion will be inferior. As would be apparent, if two surfaces that
lack the formulation are
pressed together, there will be no adhesion. The first and second outer layers
32, 34 need only be thick
enough to form the first and second surface 16, 22. The candle 10 has no
defined wick.
The formulation 42 is made of beeswax, Damar resin, and Jojoba oil. A mixture
of these components is
heated and the substrate is infused and/or impregnated and coated with the
mixture. The formulation is
applied to the substrate using either wet waxing or dry waxing techniques.
The preferred fabrics are made with natural fibres, such as knits and weaves
of, for example, but not
limited to cotton, hemp, linen, sisal, silk and mixtures thereof. The
preferred fabric weight is about 3.5
ounces to about 5.4 ounces. The thread count is preferably about 100 to about
300.
The formulation 42 is about 35% to about 60% of the weight of the sheet,
preferably 50%. In a preferred
embodiment, the fabric is muslin. The sheet 100 is about 0.30 mm thick with
the first outer layer 32 being
about 0.05 mm thick and the second outer layer being about 0.05 mm thick and
the inner layer 30 being
about 0.25 mm thick. Thus, the inner layer 30 comprises at least about 75% of
the thickness of the sheet
100 and not more than about 90% of the thickness of the sheet 100. The
formulation is about 30% to
about 50% tree resin, and about 50% to about 70% beeswax, preferably about 30%
tree resin, and about
70% beeswax. It is preferred that the tree resin is Damar resin.
In another embodiment, a cellulosic layer, with interstitial spaces is used as
the substrate 40 instead of
fabric. Again, the formulation 42 is about 35% to about 60% of the weight of
the sheet, preferably 50%.
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The formulation is about 30% to about 50% tree resin, and about 50% to about
70% beeswax, preferably
about 30% tree resin, and about 70% beeswax. It is preferred that the tree
resin is Damar resin.
The method of producing the sheet 100 is shown in Figure 3. The components of
the formulation are
weighted 200, placed in a container 202, heated 204 until the components have
melted, and mixed 206.
For the sheets 100, the cellulosic layer or fabric layer is then fed 208
through the molten mixture and is
allowed to cool 210 before being rolled 212 on to a core. Alternatively, the
sheet 100 is simply provided
as single units or are stacked 214.
As shown in Figure 4A-D, a candle 10 can be prepared from the sheet 100 in a
number of ways. As shown
in Figure 4A, the candle 10 is made by cutting the sheet 100 into thins strips
312, and twisting a single thin
strip into a spiral 314, to provide a thin candle 10, suitable for a birthday
candle. As shown in Figure 4B,
the candle 10 is again made by cutting the sheet 100 into thins strips 312,
and twisting two thin strips into
a helix 316 or spiral 314 to provide a thicker candle. As shown in Figure 4C,
the candle 10 is again made
by cutting the sheet 100 into thin strips 312, and twisting three or more thin
strips in a spiral 314 or helix
316 or, as shown in Figure 4D, or braiding two or more thin strips into a
braid 318.
As shown in Figure 5A, the candle 10 is made by laminating a plurality of
sheets 100 in a plurality of layers
320, which are then pressed together to form a block 322. A hydraulic press is
used to press the first
surface 16 of one layer 320 to the second surface 22 or first surface 16 of
another layer 320. The block
322 can be used as a candle 10, as is, or can be later cut into different
shapes. It has a length 332, a top
334, a bottom 336, two laminate sides 338 and two coated sides 340. The top
334, the bottom 336 and
the two laminate sides 338 have the edge 350 of the sheet 100 exposed. The two
coated sides 340 have
a surface 352 comprising the formulation 42, as they are the first and last
layer of the sheet. The top 334
is the burning end.
In an alternative embodiment, shown in Figure 6, the first layer 360 of the
sheet 100 and the last layer
362 of the sheet are coated on one side. The second side 364 of the first
layer 360 is coated and the first
side 366 of the second layer 362 is coated.
As shown in Figures 7A-E, the layers 320 can be provided in various shapes,
such as round, and increasing
and then decreasing diameter to produce a block 322 that is a ball 332 (Figure
7A), hemispherical and
increasing and then decreasing in diameter to produce a block 322 that is a
flat-bottomed ball 334 (Figure
7B) a block 322 that is rectangular to produce a rectangular candle 336
(Figure 7C), a block 322 that is
CA 2995780 2018-02-19
triangular to produce a pyramidal candle 338 (Figure 70), round and decreasing
in diameter to form a
block 322 that is a taper 340 (Figure 7E) and the like.
As shown in Figure 8, in an alternative embodiment, a match, generally
referred to as 400 is provided.
The match has a length 412 which has an edge 414 and a first surface 416. In
the embodiment shown,
the edge 414 spirals. The top end of the length 412 is the match head 422,
which is opposite to the bottom
end 420. The method of preparing the match 400 is as described above and is as
shown in Figures 4A-D,
thus the match 400 may be a three-dimensional shape such as spiral, helical,
twisted, braided and the like.
It may also be pressed into the three-dimensional shape as described in
relation to Figure 7A-E. Once the
length 412 is prepared, one end is dipped in the ignition material to provide
the match head 422. The
ignition material may be any ignition material that can be coated on the end
of the match, including but
not limited to white phosphorus, phosphorus sesquisulfide and potassium
chlorate, mixed with sulfur,
fillers and glass powder. The match head 422 may be coated in a wax, for
example, but not limited to
paraffin wax or the wax formulation of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 9, a match, generally referred to as 500, has a length 512
extending between a top end
518 and a bottom end 520. Proximate the top end 518 is a small mass of
ignition material 522. The
method of preparing the match 500 is as described above and is as shown in
Figures 4A-D, thus the match
500 may be a three-dimensional shape such as spiral, helical, twisted, braided
and the like. It may also be
pressed into the three-dimensional shape as described in relation to Figure 7A-
E. The mass of ignition
material 522 is located proximate the top end 518 and the match 500 is formed
around it. The ignition
material may be any ignition material that can be embedded into the end of the
match, including but not
limited to white phosphorus, phosphorus sesquisulfide and potassium chlorate,
mixed with sulfur, fillers
and glass powder. The match is waterproof in its entirety, unlike a standard
"waterproof" match, which
is only waterproof at the match head.
The match 400, 500 can be lit by pressing the match head 422 or top end 522 on
a suitable striker surface
or by drawing the match head 422 or top end 522 between suitable striker
surfaces. Once lit, the match
400, 500 will continue to burn for an extended time period and can be placed
on the wood or other
combustible material to assist in starting a fire. A match 400, 500 the same
size of a standard wood match
(6 cm long by 2 mm in diameter) will burn for at least about 2 minutes to at
least about 5 minutes, as
compared to about 30 seconds for a standard wood match.
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In all candles and matches, the ratio of substrate to formulation remains the
same. The substrate has
interstitial spaces and the formulation is retained in the interstitial
spaces. The formulation also forms a
thin layer on either side of the substrate, which is continuous with the
formulation in the interstitial
spaces. The fibers of the substrate may also be infiltrated or infused with
the formulation. Thus, there
is no discrete region or zone of the candle that is without the formulation
and which could therefore be
considered to be a wick.
While example embodiments have been described in connection with what is
presently considered to be
an example of a possible most practical and/or suitable embodiment, it is to
be understood that the
descriptions are not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the
contrary, is intended to cover
various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit
and scope of the example
embodiment. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain
using no more than routine
experimentation, many equivalents to the specific example embodiments
specifically described herein.
Such equivalents are intended to be encompassed in the scope of the claims, if
appended hereto or
subsequently filed.
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