Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Pesticidally active mixtures of tioxazafen
The present invention relates to mixtures of active ingredients having
synergistically enhanced
action and to methods comprising applying said mixtures.
One typical problem arising in the field of pest control lies in the need to
reduce the dosage
rates of the active ingredient in order to reduce or avoid unfavorable
environmental or
toxicological effects whilst still allowing effective pest control.
Another problem encountered concerns the need to have available pest control
agents which
are effective against a broad spectrum of pests.
There also exists the need for pest control agents that combine knock-down
activity with
prolonged control, that is, fast action with long lasting action.
Another difficulty in relation to the use of pesticides is that the repeated
and exclusive
application of an individual pesticidal compound leads in many cases to a
rapid selection of
pests which have developed natural or adapted resistance against the active
compound in
question. Therefore there is a need for pest control agents that help prevent
or overcome
resistance induced by pesticides.
Furthermore, there is a desire for pesticide compounds or combination of
compounds,
which when applied improve plants, which may result in "plant health",
"vitality of plant
propagation material" or "increased plant yield".
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide agricultural
combinations which
solves one or more than one of the discussed problems as reducing the dosage
rate, enhancing
the spectrum of activity, combining knock-down activity with prolonged
control, improving
resistance management, improved plant health, improved vitality of plant
propagation material,
also termed seed vitality, and increased plant yield. It has been found that
this object is in part
or in whole achieved by the combination of active compounds defined below.
The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures comprising tioxazafen as
component (I) and
at least one component (II) selected from the group of: fipronil, acetamiprid,
tetraniliprole,
oxythiapiprolin, ethaboxam, fluopyram, 2-{342-(1-{[3,5-bis(di-fluoromethy1-1H-
pyrazol-1-
yl]acetyllpiperidin-4-y1)-1,3-thiazol-4-y1]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yllphenyl
methanesulfonate
and 2-{342-(1-{[3,5-bis(di-fluoro-methyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]acetyllpiperidin-4-
y1) 1,3-thiazol-4-y1]-
4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-y11-3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate, fluxapyroxad,
sedaxane,
penflufen, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, azoxystrobin.
The present invention relates to pesticidal mixtures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I
and J, wherein
the pesticidal mixture A comprises as active components
Al) tioxazafen; and A2) fipronil;
the pesticidal mixture B comprises as active components
B1) tioxazafen; and B2) acetamiprid;
the pesticidal mixture C comprises as active components
Cl) tioxazafen; and C2) tetraniliprole;
the pesticidal mixture D comprises as active components
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D1) tioxazafen; and D2) oxathiapiprolin;
the pesticidal mixture E comprises as active components
El) tioxazafen; and E2) ethaboxam;
the pesticidal mixture F comprises as active components
Fl) tioxazafen; and F2) fluopyram;
the pesticidal mixture G comprises as active components
G1) tioxazafen; and G2) 2-{342-(1-{[3,5-bis(di-fluoromethy1-1H-pyrazol-1-
yl]acetyllpiperidin-4-y1)-1,3-thiazol-4-y1]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-yllphenyl
methanesulfonate;
the pesticidal mixture H comprises as active components
H1) tioxazafen; and H2) 2-{342-(1-{[3,5-bis(di-fluoro-methyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-
yl]acetyllpiperidin-4-y1) 1,3-thiazol-4-y1]-4,5-dihydro-1,2-oxazol-5-y11-3-
chlorophenyl
methanesulfonate;
the pesticidal mixture 1 comprises as active components
11) tioxazafen and 12) fluxapyroxad or sedaxane or penflufen;
the pesticidal mixture J comprises as active components
J1) tioxazafen and J2) pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin or picoxystrobin or
azoxystrobin.
.. The term component (1) refers to tioxazafen, being the component Al, Bl,
Cl, D1, El, Fl, Gl,
H1, II and J1 of pesticidal mixture A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1 and J,
respectively.
The term component (II) refers to the respective component A2, B2, C2, D2, E2,
F2, G2, H2,12
and J2 of pesticidal mixture A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1 and J.
Further embodiments of pesticidal mixture I are:
the pesticidal mixture 1.1 comprises as active components
1.1-1) tioxazafen and 1.1-2) fluxapyroxad;
the pesticidal mixture 1.2 comprises as active components
1.2-1) tioxazafen and 1.2-2) sedaxane;
the pesticidal mixture 1.3 comprises as active components
1.3-1) tioxazafen and 1.3-2) penflufen.
The term component (1) refers to tioxazafen, being the component 1.1-1, 1.2-1
and 1.3-1,
pesticidal mixture 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, respectively.
The term component (II) refers to the respective component 1.1-2, 1.2-2, and
1.3-2 of pesticidal
mixture 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3.
Further embodiments of pesticidal mixture J are:
the pesticidal mixture J.1 comprises as active components
J.1-1) tioxazafen and J.1-2) pyraclostrobin;
the pesticidal mixture J.2 comprises as active components
J.2-1) tioxazafen and J.2-2) trifloxystrobin;
the pesticidal mixture J.3 comprises as active components
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J.3-1) tioxazafen and J.3-2) picoxystrobin;
the pesticidal mixture J.4 comprises as active components
J.4-1) tioxazafen and J.4-2) azoxystrobin.
The term component (I) refers to tioxazafen, being the component J.1-1, J.2-1,
J.3-1 and J.4-1,
pesticidal mixture J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4, respectively.
The term component (II) refers to the respective component J.1-2, J.2-2, J.3-2
and J.4-2 of
pesticidal mixture J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4.
It has been found that simultaneous, that is joint or separate, application of
component (I) and
component (II) or successive application (that is immediately one after
another and thereby
creating the mixture "in-situ" on the desired location, as e.g. the plant) of
component (I) and
component (II) allows enhanced control of pests compared to the control rates
that are possible
with the individual components (I) and components (II). Therefore, the term
"mixture" as used
herein is intended to include also combinations.
Preferably pesticidal mixture A comprises components Al and A2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture A comprises components Al and A2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
insecticidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic insecticidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture B comprises components B1 and B2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture B comprises components B1 and B2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
insecticidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic insecticidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture C comprises components Cl and C2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture C comprises components Cl and C2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
insecticidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic insecticidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture D comprises components D1 and D2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture D comprises components D1 and D2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
fungicidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic fungicidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture E comprises componend El and E2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture E comprises components El and E2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
fungicidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic fungicidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture F comprises componend Fl and F2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture F comprises components Fl and F2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
fungicidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic fungicidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture G comprises componend G1 and G2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture G comprises components G1 and G2
in synergistic
effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
fungicidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic fungicidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture H comprises componend H1 and H2 in synergistic
effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture H comprises components H1 and H2
in synergistic
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effective amounts to achieve a synergistic nematicidal or synergistic
fungicidal or a synergistic
nematicidal and synergistic fungicidal effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture! comprises componend II and one of compounds 12
in synergistic
effective amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture 1 comprises components
II and one of
.. compounds 12 in synergistic effective amounts to achieve a synergistic
fungicidal or synergistic
planth growth or a synergistic fungicidal and synergistic plant growth effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 comprise componend 1.1-1,1.2-1
and 1.3-1 and one
of compounds 1.1-2,1.2-2, and 1.3-2, respectively, in synergistic effective
amounts. More
preferred, pesticidal mixture! comprises components 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 comprise
componend 1.1-1,
1.2-1 and 1.3-1 and one of compounds 1.1-2,1.2-2, and 1.3-2, respectively, in
synergistic effective
amounts to achieve a synergistic fungicidal or synergistic planth growth or a
synergistic
fungicidal and synergistic plant growth effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture J comprises componend J1 and one of compounds J2
in
synergistic effective amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture J comprises
components J1
and one of compounds J2 in synergistic effective amounts to achieve a
synergistic fungicidal or
synergistic planth growth or a synergistic fungicidal and synergistic plant
growth effect.
Preferably pesticidal mixture J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4 comprise componend J.1-1,
J.2-1, J.3-I and
J.4-I and one of compounds J.1-2, J.2-2, J.3-2 and J.4-2, respectively, in
synergistic effective
amounts. More preferred, pesticidal mixture J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4 comprise
componend J.1-1,
.. J.2-1, J.3-I and J.4-I and one of compounds J.1-2, J.2-2, J.3-2 and J.4-2,
respectively, in
synergistic effective amounts to achieve a synergistic fungicidal or
synergistic planth growth or a
synergistic fungicidal and synergistic plant growth effect.
The term "synergistic effect" is understood to refer in particular to that
defined by Colby's
formula (Colby, S. R., "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of
herbicide
.. combinations", Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967).
The present invention also provides methods for the control of insects,
acarids or nematodes
comprising contacting the insect, acarid or nematode or their food supply,
habitat, breeding
grounds or their locus with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1)
with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture A ,or with a pesticidally
effective amount of
mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal
mixture B, or with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture C.
The present invention also provides methods for the control of fungi
comprising contacting the
fungi, their their host plant or propagation material of their host plant
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture D, or with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture E, or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture F,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture G,or with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture H, or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active component
(II) of pesticidal
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mixture!, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with at least
one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1,1.2 and 1.3, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture J, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1)
5 with at least one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures
J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4.
Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of protecting plants
from attack or
infestation by insects or nematodes comprising contacting the plant, or the
soil or water in which
the plant is growing with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with
active component (II) of pesticidal mixture A ,or with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures
of active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture B, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture C.
Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of protecting plants
from attack or
infestation by fungi comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in
which the plant is
growing with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component
(1) with active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture D, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture E, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture F,or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture G,or with a pesticidally effective amount
of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture H, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture!, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1)
with at least one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1, 1.2
and 1.3, or with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at
least one active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture J, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of one of
pesticidal mixtures J.1,
J.2, J.3 and J.4.
Further, the present invention also relates to a method of improving plant
health comprising
contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing, with
a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture!, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1)
with at least one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1, 1.2
and 1.3, or with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at
least one active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture J, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of one of
pesticidal mixtures J.1,
J.2, J.3 and J.4.
The invention also provides a method for the protection of plant propagation
material, preferably
seeds or ratoon, from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from
soil and/or foliar
insects which comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the
seeds before
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sowing and/or after pregermination with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture A ,or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture B, or
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture C.
The invention also provides a method for the protection of plant propagation
material, preferably
seeds or ratoon, from nematodes and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from
nematodes which
comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the seeds before
sowing and/or
after pregermination with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with
active component (II) of pesticidal mixture A ,or with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures
of active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture B, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture C, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture D, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture E, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture F ,or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture G ,or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture H.
The invention also provides a method for improving the plant health of plants,
plant propagation
material, preferably seeds or ratoon, and improving the plant health of the
seedlings' roots and
shoots which comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the
seeds before
sowing and/or after pregermination,with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with at least one active component (II) of pesticidal mixture!,
or with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of pesticidal
mixture J, or with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at
least one active
component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4.
The invention also provides plant propagation material, preferably seeds or
ratoon, comprising a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture A ,or a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with
active component (II) of pesticidal mixture B, or a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture C, or a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture D, or
a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture E, or a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with
active component (II) of pesticidal mixture F ,or a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture G ,or a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture H, or
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
at least one active
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component (II) of pesticidal mixture!, or with a pesticidally effective amount
of mixtures of active
component (1) with at least one active component (II) of one of pesticidal
mixtures 1.1, 1.2 and
1.3, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component
(1) with at least one
active component (II) of pesticidal mixture J, or with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures
of active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of one of
pesticidal mixtures J.1,
J.2, J.3 and J.4.
The invention also provides pesticidal compositions, preferably a seed or
ratoon treatment
composition, comprising at least one auxiliary,
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture A ,or with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture B, or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture C, or
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture D, or with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture E, or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture F ,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with
active component
(II) of pesticidal mixture G ,or with a pesticidally effective amount of
mixtures of active
component (1) with active component (II) of pesticidal mixture H, or with a
pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture!, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with at least
one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1,1.2 and 1.3, or
with a pesticidally
effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture J, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of
active component (1)
with at least one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures J.1,
J.2, J.3 and J.4.
The invention also relates to the use of a mixture of at least one active
component (1) with at
least one active component (II) of pesticidal mixture A, or a mixture of at
least one active
component (1) with at least one active component (II) of pesticidal mixture B,
or a mixture of at
least one active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture C, for
combating insects, arachnids or nematodes, preferably for combating insects
and/or
nematodes.
The invention also relates to the use of a mixture of at least one active
component (1) with at
least one active component (II) of pesticidal mixture D, or a mixture of at
least one active
component (1) with at least one active component (II) of pesticidal mixture E,
or a mixture of at
least one active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of
pesticidal mixture F, or
a mixture of at least one active component (1) with at least one active
component (II) of
pesticidal mixture G, or a mixture of at least one active component (1) with
at least one active
component (II) of pesticidal mixture H, or with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures of
active component (1) with at least one active component (II) of pesticidal
mixture!, or with a
pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at
least one active
component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures 1.1,1.2 and 1.3, or with a
pesticidally effective
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amount of mixtures of active component (1) with at least one active component
(II) of pesticidal
mixture J, or with a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active
component (1) with at least
one active component (II) of one of pesticidal mixtures J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4,
for combating plant
pathogenic fungi.
The mixture(s) A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1, including mixtures 1.1, 1.2,1.3, and
J, including mixtures
J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4, of at least one active component (1) with at least one
active component (II)
are herein referred to as "mixture(s) according to the invention". In a
specific embodiment, the
mixture according to the invention is a mixture of one active component (1)
with one active
component (II) (binary mixture). In another embodiment, the mixture according
to the invention
is a mixture of one active component (1) with one active component (II) and at
least one further
compound, preferably a further fungicide or insecticide in an active amount.
Component (1) and its use as pesticide is described in W009023721 (Tioxazafen)
W02014/089219, W015038503, W015055752, W015055755, W015055757, W015144683,
W015200175, W016014664, W016015979, W016018875 describe pesticidal mixtures of
component (1) with other pesticides. However, they do not disclose mixtures of
component (1)
with component(s) (II) according to the present invention, which show
unexpected and
synergistic effects in combination with each other. CN104488900, CN104521989,
CN104488896 describe mixtures of methanesulfonyl oxadiazoles with
neonicotinoid insecticides
and fungicides, respectively. Again, none of these disclosures describe
mixtures of component
(1) with component(s) (II) according to the present invention.
Component (1) and component(s) (II) can be prepared according to standard
methods of organic
chemistry. Methods for their preparation and their action against harmful
nematodes, insects
and fungi, respectively are known (cf.:http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/)
and they are
generally commercially available. Commercially available active compounds can
be found, for
example, in The Pesticide Manual, 14th Edition, British Crop Protection
Council (2006) and
other publications. Components (II) of pesticidal mixtures G and H are
disclosed in
W02011076699, W02012104273, W02012168188, W02013127704, W02013113829 and
W02015036379. The preparation of component (1) and component(s) (II) may lead
to them
being obtained as isomer mixtures. If desired, these can be resolved by the
methods customary
for this purpose, such as crystallization or chromatography, also on optically
active adsorbate,
to give the pure isomers. Agronomically acceptable salts of the compounds I
can be formed in a
customary manner, e.g. by reaction with an acid of the anion in question.
The component (1) and component(s) (II) are usually applied in a weight ratio
of from 5000:1 to
1:5000, preferably from 1000:1 to 1:1000, preferably from 625:1 to 1:625,
preferably 500:1 to
1:500, 500:1 to 1:100, preferably from 100:1 to 1:100, preferably from 20:1 to
1:50, preferably
from 20:1 to 1:20, preferab,y from 10:1 to 1:10, in particular from 5:1 to
1:20, in particular from
5:1 to 1:10, in particular from 5:1 to 1:5. Preferred weight ratios of
component (1) and
component (II) of pesticidal mixtures A, B, C, F, G, H, 1, and J are: 20:1 to
1:20, 15:1 to 1 to 15,
10:1 to 1:10, 5:1 to 1:5. Preferred weight ratios of component (1) and
component (II) of pesticidal
mixture D and E are: 200:1 to 1:10, 100:1 to 1:5. 50:1 to 1:2. Depending on
the desired effect,
the application rates of the pesticidal mixtures according to the invention
are from 5 g/ha to
2000 g/ha, preferably from 0.5 g/ha to 1000 g/ha, preferably from 1 to 750
g/ha, in particular
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from 5 to 500 g/ha. Preferred application rates of pesticidal mixture Al, All,
A1.2 and A2 are:
1g to 200g/ha, preferably 5g to 100g/ha, more prefered 1g to 100g/ha.
Preferred application
rates of pesticidal mixture B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and J are:1g to 200g/ha, 1g
to 100g/ha, 1g to
50g/ha.
Component (III)
In one embodiment of the invention, the mixtures of the present invention may
be combined and
applied in agriculture in mixture with other active ingredients [further
pesticidally active
component (III)], for example with other pesticides, insecticides, herbicides,
fertilizers such as
ammonium nitrate, urea, potash, and superphosphate, phytotoxicants and plant
growth
regulators, safeners and nematicides. These additional ingredients may be used
sequentially or
in combination with the above-described component (I) and component (II), if
appropriate also
added only immediately prior to use (tank mix). For example, the plant(s) may
be sprayed with a
composition of this invention either before or after being treated with other
active ingredients. In
one embodiment, the mixture according to the invention is a mixture of one
active component (I)
and one active component (II) and a further active component (III), e.g.
selected from group M
or F, as described herein (ternary mixture). In another embodiment, the
mixture according to the
invention is a mixture of one active active component (I) and one active
component (II) and a
two further active components (III), e.g. selected from group M or F,
preferably a mixture,
wherein at least one component III is selected from group F (4-way mixture).
In another
embodiment, the mixture according to the invention is a mixture of one active
active component
(I) and one active component (II) and three further active components (III)
e.g. selected from
group M or F, preferably a mixture, wherein at least one component III is
selected from group F
(5-way mixture). In a particular embodiment of the invention, in the mixtures,
methods and uses
according to the invention, the active component (I) and one active component
(II) are
combined with one or more other pesticidally active component(s) (Ill)
selected from
insecticides or fungicides. Preferably the further pesticidal active compound
(III) is active
against said soil-living fungal or arthropod pest. A skilled person is
familiar with such
compounds and knows which compounds are active against a specific target
organism. The
compound (III) pesticides, together with which the mixtures of the present
invention may be
used according to the purpose of the present invention, and with which
potential synergistic
effects with regard to the method of uses might be produced, are selected from
group M and
group F. Group M is, wherever possible, grouped according to the Mode of
Action Classification
from the lnsecticde Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) and consists of the
following group of
compounds:
M.1 Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibitors from the class of
M.1A carbamates, for example aldicarb, alanycarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb,
butocarboxim,
butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb,
formetanate,
furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb,
propoxur,
thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC, xylylcarb and triazamate; or from
the class of
M.1B organophosphates, for example acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl,
azinphosmethyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos,
chlorpyrifos,
chlorpyrifos-methyl, coumaphos, cyanophos, demeton-S-methyl, diazi non,
dichlorvos/ DDVP,
dicrotophos, dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, disulfoton, EPN, ethion,
ethoprophos, famphur,
fenamiphos, fenitrothion, fenthion, fosthiazate, heptenophos, imicyafos,
isofenphos, isopropyl
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0- (methoxyaminothio-phosphoryl) salicylate, isoxathion, malathion, mecarbam,
methamidophos, methidathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate,
oxydemeton-
methyl, parathion, parathion-methyl, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet,
phosphamidon,
phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, propetamphos, prothiofos, pyraclofos,
pyridaphenthion,
5 quinalphos, sulfotep, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,
tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon,
triazophos, trichlorfon and vamidothion;
M.2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists such as:
M.2A cyclodiene organochlorine compounds, as for example endosulfan or
chlordane; or
M.2B fiproles (phenylpyrazoles), as for example ethiprole, fipronil,
flufiprole, pyrafluprole and
10 pyriprole;
M.3 Sodium channel modulators from the class of
M.3A pyrethroids, for example acrinathrin, allethrin, d-cis-trans allethrin, d-
trans allethrin,
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioallethrin S-cylclopentenyl, bioresmethrin,
cycloprothrin, cyfluthrin,
beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin,
cypermethrin, alpha-
cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, theta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin,
cyphenothrin,
deltamethrin, empenthrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin,
fenvalerate, flucythrinate,
flumethrin, tau-fluvalinate, halfenprox, imiprothrin,
meperfluthrin,metofluthrin, momfluorothrin,
permethrin, phenothrin, prallethrin, profluthrin, pyrethrin (pyrethrum),
resmethrin, silafluofen,
tefluthrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin and transfluthrin;
or
M.3B sodium channel modulators such as DDT or methoxychlor;
M.4 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists (nAChR) from the class of
M.4A neonicotinoids, for example acteamiprid, chlothianidin, cycloxaprid,
dinotefuran,
imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam; or the compounds
M.4A.1: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-9-nitro-
(55,8R)-5,8-epoxy-1H-
imidazo[1,2-a]azepine; or
M.4A.2: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-nitro-1-[(E)-
pentylideneamino]guanidine; or
M.4A.3: 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-7-methyl-8-nitro-5-propoxy-
3,5,6,7-tetrahydro-2H-
imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine; or
M.4B nicotine.
M.5 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators from the class of
spinosyns,
for example spinosad or spinetoram;
M.6 Chloride channel activators from the class of avermectins and milbemycins,
for example
abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, lepimectin or milbemectin;
M.7 Juvenile hormone mimics, such as
M.7A juvenile hormone analogues as hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene; or
others as
M.7B fenoxycarb, or
M.7C pyriproxyfen;
M.8 miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors, for example
M.8A alkyl halides as methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or
M.8B chloropicrin, or
M.8C sulfuryl fluoride, or
M.8D borax, or
M.8E tartar emetic;
M.9 Selective homopteran feeding blockers, for example
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M.9B pymetrozine, or
M.9C flonicamid;
M.10 Mite growth inhibitors, for example
M.10A clofentezine, hexythiazox and diflovidazin, or
M.10B etoxazole;
M.11 Microbial disruptors of insect midgut membranes, for example bacillus
thuringiensi:s or
bacillus sphaericus and the insecticdal proteins they produce such as bacillus
thuringiensi:s
subsp. israelensi:s, bacillus sphaericus, bacillus thuringiensi:s subsp.
aizawai, bacillus
thuringiensi:s subsp. kurstaki and bacillus thuringiensi:s subsp.
tenebrioni:s, or the Bt crop
proteins: Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry2Ab, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and
Cry34/35Ab1;
M.12 Inhibitors of mitochondria! ATP synthase, for example
M.12A diafenthiuron, or
M.12B organotin miticides such as azocyclotin, cyhexatin or fenbutatin oxide,
or M.12C
propargite, or
M.12D tetradifon;
M.13 Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the proton
gradient, for example
chlorfenapyr, DNOC or sulfluramid;
M.14 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockers, for example
nereistoxin
analogues as bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocyclam or thiosultap sodium;
M.15 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 0, such as benzoylureas as for
example
bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron,
hexaflumuron, lufenuron,
novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron or triflumuron;
M.16 Inhibitors of the chitin biosynthesis type 1, as for example buprofezin;
M.17 Moulting disruptors, Dipteran, as for example cyromazine;
M.18 Ecdyson receptor agonists such as diacylhydrazines, for example
methoxyfenozide,
tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
M.19 Octopamin receptor agonists, as for example amitraz;
M.20 Mitochondria! complex III electron transport inhibitors, for example
M.20A hydramethylnon, or
M.20B acequinocyl, or
M.20C fluacrypyrim;
M.21 Mitochondria! complex I electron transport inhibitors, for example
M.21A METI acaricides and insecticides such as fenazaquin, fenpyroximate,
pyrimidifen,
pyridaben, tebufenpyrad or tolfenpyrad, or
M.21B rotenone;
M.22 Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers, for example
M.22A indoxacarb, or
M.22B metaflumizone; or
M.22C 1-[(E)42-(4-cyanopheny1)-143-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]ethylidene]amino]-
344-
(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea; or N-(3-Chloro-2-methylpheny1)-2-[(4-
chloropheny1)[4-
[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]phenyl]methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide;
M.23 Inhibitors of the of acetyl CoA carboxylase, such as Tetronic and
Tetramic acid
derivatives, for example spirodiclofen, spiromesifen or spirotetramat;
M.24 Mitochondria! complex IV electron transport inhibitors, for example
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M.24A phosphine such as aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine or
zinc phosphide, or
M.24B cyanide.
M.25 Mitochondrial complex!! electron transport inhibitors, such as beta-
ketonitrile derivatives,
for example cyenopyrafen or cyflumetofen;
M.26 Ryanodine receptor-modulators from the class of diamides, as
for example flubendiamide, chlorantraniliprole (rynaxypyr ), cyantraniliprole
(cyazypyr ),
cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, or
the phthalamide compounds
M.26.1: (R)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methy1-441,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1-
(trifluormethypethyl]phenyll-N2-(1-
methy1-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid and
M.26.2: (S)-3-Chlor-N1-{2-methy1-441,2,2,2 -tetrafluor-1-
(trifluormethypethyl]phenyll-N2-(1-
methy1-2-methylsulfonylethyl)phthalamid, or the compound
M.26.4: methy1-243,5-dibromo-2-({[3-bromo-1-(3-chlorpyridin-2-y1)-1H-pyrazol-5-
yl]carbonyllamino)benzoy1]-1,2-dimethylhydrazinecarboxylate; or a compound
selected from
M.26.5a) to M.26.5d):
M.26.5a: N42-(5-Amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-y1)-4-chloro-6-methylpheny1]-3-
bromo-1-(3-chloro-
2-pyridiny1)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;
M.26.5b: 3-Chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridiny1)-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-[[(1-cyano-1-
methylethypamino]carbonyl]pheny1]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide;
M.26.5c: 3-Bromo-N-[2,4-dichloro-6-(methylcarbamoyl)pheny1]-1-(3,5-
dichloro-2-pyridy1)-1H-
pyrazole-5-carboxamide (SYP-9080);
M.26.5d: N44-Chloro-2-[[(1,1-dimethylethypamino]carbonyl]-6-methylphenyl]-1-(3-
chloro-2-
pyridiny1)-3-(fluoromethoxy)-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or
M.26.6: N-(2-cyanopropan-2-y1)-N-(2,4-dimethylpheny1)-3-iodobenzene-1,2-
dicarboxamide;
or
M.26.7: 3-Chloro-N-(2-cyanopropan-2-y1)-N-(2,4-dimethylpheny1)-benzene-
1,2-
dicarboxamide; or
M.26.8a) 1-(3-Chloro-2-pyridiny1)-N44-cyano-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-2H-tetrazol-2-yl]methy1]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide; or
M.26.8b) 1-(3-Chloro-2-pyridiny1)-N44-cyano-2-methyl-6-
[(methylamino)carbonyl]phenyl]-3-[[5-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-tetrazol-1-yl]methy1]-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide, or
M.X insecticidal active compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action, as
for example
afidopyropen, azadirachtin, amidoflumet, benzoximate, bifenazate,
bromopropylate,
chinomethionat, cryolite, dicofol, flufenerim, flometoquin, fluensulfone,
fluopyram,
flupyradifurone, fluralaner, metoxadiazone, piperonyl butoxide, pyflubumide,
pyridalyl,
pyrifluquinazon, sulfoxaflor, tioxazafen, triflumezopyrim, or the compounds
M.X.1: 445-(3,5-Dichloro-pheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydro-isoxazol-3-y1]-
2-methyl-N-[(2,2,2-
trifluoro-ethylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-benzamide, or the compound
M.X.2: cyclopropaneacetic acid, 1,1'-[(3S,4R,4aR,6S,6aS,12R,12aS,12bS)-4-[[(2-
cyclopropylacetypoxy]methyl]-1,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,12,12a,12b-decahydro-12-hydroxy-
4,6a,12b-
trimethy1-11-oxo-9-(3-pyridiny1)-2H,11H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrano[3,4-e]pyran-3,6-
diy1] ester, or the
compound
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M .X.3: 11-(4-chloro-2,6-dimethylphenyI)-12-hydroxy-1,4-dioxa-9-
azadispiro[4.2.4.2]-tetradec-11-
en-10-one, or the compound
M .X.4: 3-(4'-fluoro-2,4-dimethylbipheny1-3-y1)-4-hydroxy-8-oxa-1-
azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-2-one,
or the compound
M.X.5: 142-fluoro-4-methy1-5-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)sulfinyl]phenyl]-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-1,2,4-
triazole-5-amine, or actives on basis of bacillus firmus (Votivo, 1-1582), or
M.X.6: a compound selected from the group of
M .X.6a: (E/Z)-N41-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-
trifluoro-acetamide;
M .X.6b: (E/Z)-N41-[(6-chloro-5-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-
trifluoro-acetamide;
M.X.6c: (E/Z)-2,2,2-trifluoro-N-[14(6-fluoro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-
pyridylidene]acetamide;
M .X.6d: (E/Z)-N41-[(6-bromo-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-trifluoro-
acetamide;
M .X.6e: (E/Z)-N-[141-(6-chloro-3-pyridypethy1]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-
trifluoro-acetamide;
M.X.6f: (E/Z)-N41-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-difluoro-
acetamide;
M.X.6g: (E/Z)-2-chloro-N41-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2-
difluoro-acetamide;
M.X.6h: (E/Z)-N41-[(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,2-
trifluoro-acetamide and
M .X.6i: (E/Z)-N41-[(6-chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-2-pyridylidene]-2,2,3,3,3-
pentafluoro-
propanamide); or
M.X.7: triflumezopyrim; or
M.X.8: 44543-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-
isoxazol-3-y1]-N42-
oxo-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethylamino)ethyl]naphthalene-1-carboxamide, or
M.X.9: 343-chloro-5-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-4-oxo-1-(pyrimidin-5-
ylmethyppyrido[1,2-
a]pyrimidin-1-ium-2-olate; or
M .X.10: 8-chloro-N42-chloro-5-methoxyphenyl)sulfonyl]-6-trifluoromethyl)-
imidazo[1,2-
a]pyridine-2-carboxamide; or
M.X.11: 445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-isoxazol-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N-(1-
oxothietan-3-yl)benzamide; or
M .X.12: 5[342,6-dichloro-4-(3,3-dichloroallyloxy)phenoxy]propoxy]-1H-
pyrazole.
The commercially available components (111) of the group M listed above may be
found in The
Pesticide Manual, 15th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, British Crop Protection
Council (2011) among
other publications. The quinoline derivative flometoquin is shown in
W02006/013896. The
aminofuranone com-pounds flupyradifurone is known from WO 2007/115644. The
sulfoximine
compound sulfoxaflor is known from W02007/149134. The pyrethroid
momfluorothrin is known
from US6908945. The pyrazole acaricide pyflubumide is known from
W02007/020986. The
isoxazoline compound M.X.1 has been described in W02005/085216, M.X.8 in
W02009/002809 and in W02011/149749 and the isoxazoline M.X.11 in
W02013/050317. The
pyripyropene derivative M.X.2 has been described in WO 2006/129714. The
spiroketal-
substituted cyclic ketoenol derivative M.X.3 is known from W02006/089633 and
the biphenyl-
substituted spirocyclic ke-toenol derivative M.X.4 from W02008/067911.
Triazoylphenylsulfide
like M.X.5 have been described in W02006/043635 and biological control agents
on basis of
bacillus firmus in W02009/124707. The neonicotionids M4A.1 is known from
W020120/069266
and W02011/06946, the M.4A.2 from W02013/003977, the M4A.3.from W02010/069266.
The
metaflumizone analogue M.22C is described in CN 10171577.
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Cyantraniliprole (Cyazypyr) is known from e.g. WO 2004/067528. The
phthalamides M.26.1 and
M.26.2 are both known from WO 2007/101540. Cyclaniliprole has been described
in WO
2005/077934. Tetraniliprole has been described in W02007144100 and
W02010/069502. SYP-
9080 has been described in W02010003350. The hydrazide compound M.26.4 has
been
described in WO 2007/043677. The anthranilamide M.26.5a) is described in
W02011/085575,
the M.26.5b) in W02008/134969, the M.26.5c) in US2011/046186 and the M.26.5d
in
W02012/034403. The diamide compounds M.26.6 and M.26.7 can be found in
CN102613183.
The compounds M.X.6a) to M.X.6i) listed in M.X.6 have been described in
W02012/029672.
The mesoionic antagonist compound M.X.9 was described in W02012/092115, the
nemati-cide
M.X.10 in W02013/055584 and the Pyridalyl-type analogue M.X.12 in
W02010/060379.
As mentioned, the mixtures of the present invention may also be applied with
fungicides as
compound III, preferably in a synergistic manner. The following list F of
active substances, in
conjunction with which the compounds according to the invention can be used,
is intended to
illustrate the possible combinations but does not limit them:
F.I) Respiration Inhibitors
F.I-1) Inhibitors of complex III at Qo site:
strobilurins: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin,
enestroburin,
fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin,
picoxystrobin,
pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb,
triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb,
trifloxystrobin, 242-(2,5-dimethyl-phenoxymethyl)-phenyl]-3-methoxy-acrylic
acid methyl ester
and 2 (2-(3-(2,6-dichloropheny1)-1-methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-pheny1)-2-
methoxyimino-N
methyl-acetamide; oxazolidinediones and imidazolinones: famoxadone,
fenamidone;
F.I-2) Inhibitors of complex!! (e.g. carboxamides): carboxanilides: benodanil,
benzovindiflupyr
,bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fenhexamid, fluopyram, flutolanil,
furametpyr, isofetamid,
isopyrazam, isotianil, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad,
sedaxane, tecloftalam,
thifluzamide, tiadinil, 2-amino-4 methyl-thiazole-5-carboxanilide, N-(3',4',5'
trifluorobipheny1-2
y1)-3-difluoromethy1-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4 carboxamide (fluxapyroxad), N-(4'-
trifluoromethylthiobipheny1-2-y1)-3 difluoromethy1-1-methy1-1H pyrazole-4-
carboxamide, N-(2-
(1,3,3-trimethyl-buty1)-pheny1)-1,3-dimethyl-5 fluoro-1H-pyrazole-4
carboxamide,
3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-
carboxamide,
3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-
carboxamide, 1,3-dimethyl-
N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1,5-
dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-
trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-N-
(1,1,3-
trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-
trimethylindan-4-
yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-
4-yl)pyrazole-4-
carboxamide, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-1-methyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-
yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
1,3-dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1,5-
dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-
(difluoromethyl)-1,5-dimethyl-
N-(1,1,3-trimethylindan-4-yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, 3-(trifluorometh-iy1)-1,5-
dimethyl-N-(1,1,3-
trimethylindan-4-y1)-ipyrazole-4-carboxamide, 1,3,5-trimethyl-N-(1,1,3-
trimethylindan-4-
yl)pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(7-fluoro-1,1,3-trimethyl-indan-4-yI)-1,3-
dimethyl-pyrazole-4-
carbox-iamide, N42-(2,4-dichloropheny1)-2-methoxy-1-methyl-ethy1]-3-
(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-
pyrazole-4-carboxamide;
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F.I-3) Inhibitors of complex III at Qi site: cyazofamid, amisulbrom,
[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzy1-3-
[(3-acetoxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-
dioxonan-7-yl]
2-methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzy1-34[3-(acetoxymethoxy)-4-methoxy-
pyridine-
2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate,
[(3S,6S,7R,8R)-
5 .. 8-benzy1-3-[(3-isobutoxycarbonyloxy-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl)amino]-
6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-
1,5-dioxonan-7-yl] 2-methylpropanoate, [(3S,6S,7R,8R)-8-benzy1-34[3-(1,3-
benzodioxo1-5-
ylmethoxy)-4-methoxy-pyridine-2-carbonyl]amino]-6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-1,5-
dioxonan-7-yl] 2-
methylpropanoate, 3S,6S,7R,8k)-3-[[(3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-
pyridinyl)carbonyl]amino]-
6-methyl-4,9-dioxo-8-(phenylmethy1)-1,5-dioxonan-7-y12-methylpropanoate;
10 F.I-4) Other respiration inhibitors (complex I, uncouplers)
diflumetorim; (5,8-difluoroquinazolin-4-
y1)-{242-fluoro-4-(4-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxy)-phenylFethyll-amine;
tecnazen;ametoctradin;
silthiofam; nitrophenyl derivates: binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam,
ferimzone, nitrthal-
isopropyl, and including organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-
acetate, fentin
chloride or fentin hydroxide;
15 F.I1) Sterol biosynthesis inhibitors (SBI fungicides)
F.II-1) C14 demethylase inhibitors (DM I fungicides, e.g. triazoles,
imidazoles)
triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
difenoconazole,
diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole,
flusilazole,
flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole,
myclobutanil,
.. paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole,
tebuconazole,
tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole, 1-
[rei(2S;3k)-3-(2-chloro-
phenyl)-2-(2,4-difluoropheny1)-oxiranylmethy1]-5-thiocyanato-
1H41,2,4]triazole, 2-[rei(2S;3k)-3-
(2-chloropheny1)-2-(2,4-difluoropheny1)-oxiranylmethyl]-2H41,2,4]triazole-3-
thiol, 242-chloro-4-
(4-chlorophenoxy)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-2-ol, 1-[4-(4-
chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-cyclopropy1-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ypethanol, 244-(4-
chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, 242-chloro-4-(4-
chlorophenoxy)pheny1]-
1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, 244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-3-methyl-1-
(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol, 244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-
yl)propan-2-ol, 2[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)pheny1]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-
triazol-1-yl)butan-2-ol,
244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-
2-ol, 24444-
fluorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyI]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol;
imidazoles: imazalil,
pefurazoate, oxpoconazole, prochloraz, triflumizole; pyrimidines, pyridines
and piperazines:
fenarimol, nuarimol, pyrifenox, triforine,[3-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-phenyl)-5-(2,4
difluorophenypisoxazol-4-y1]-(3-pyridyl)methanol;
F.II-2) Delta14-reductase inhitors (Amines, e.g. morpholines, piperidines)
morpholines:
aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph;
piperidines:
fenpropidin, piperalin; spiroketalamines: spiroxamine;
F.II-3) Inhibitors of 3-keto reductase: hydroxyanilides: fenhexamid;
F.III) Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors
F.III-1) RNA, DNA synthesis
phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides: benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl,
metalaxyl,
metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl;
isoxazoles and iosothiazolones: hymexazole, octhilinone;
F.III-2) DNA topisomerase inhibitors: oxolinic acid;
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F.III-3) Nucleotide metabolism (e.g. adenosin-deaminase), hydroxy (2-amino)-
pyrimidines:
bupirimate;
F.IV) Inhibitors of cell division and or cytoskeleton
F.IV-1) Tubulin inhibitors: benzimidazoles and thiophanates: benomyl,
carbendazim,
fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl;
triazolopyrimidines: 5-chloro-7 (4-methylpiperidin-1-y1)-6-(2,4,6-
trifluoropheny1)-
[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5 a]pyrimidine;
F.IV-2) Other cell division inhibitors
benzamides and phenyl acetamides: diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron,
fluopicolide,
zoxamide;
F.IV-3) Actin inhibitors: benzophenones: metrafenone; pyriofenone;
F.V) Inhibitors of amino acid and protein synthesis
F.V-1) Methionine synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines)
anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, nitrapyrin, pyrimethanil;
F.V-2) Protein synthesis inhibitors (anilino-pyrimidines)
antibiotics: blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate,
mildiomycin,
streptomycin, oxytetracycl in, polyoxine, validamycin A;
F.VI) Signal transduction inhibitors
F.VI-1) MAP / Histidine kinase inhibitors (e.g. anilino-pyrimidines)
dicarboximides: fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin;
phenylpyrroles: fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;
F.VI-2) G protein inhibitors: quinolines: quinoxyfen;
F.VII) Lipid and membrane synthesis inhibitors
F.VII-1) Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors
organophosphorus compounds: edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos;
dithiolanes: isoprothiolane;
F.VII-2) Lipid peroxidation: aromatic hydrocarbons: dicloran, quintozene,
tecnazene, tolclofos-
methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;
F.VII-3) Carboxyl acid amides (CAA fungicides)
cinnamic or mandelic acid amides: dimethomorph, flumorph, mandiproamid,
pyrimorph;
valinamide carbamates: benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, pyribencarb,
valifenalate and N-(1-(1-(4-
cyano-phenypethanesulfony1)-but-2-y1) carbamic acid-(4-fluorophenyl) ester;
F.VII-4) Compounds affecting cell membrane permeability and fatty acids:
1444445-(2,6-difluoropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-3-isoxazoly1]-2-thiazoly1]-1-
piperidiny1]-245-methyl-3-
(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone, carbamates: propamocarb,
propamocarb-
hydrochlorid,
F.VII-5) fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors: 1-[4-[4-[5-(2,6-
difluoropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-
3-isoxazoly1]-2-thiazoly1]-1-piperidiny1]-245-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-
pyrazol-1-yl]ethanone;
F.VIII) Inhibitors with Multi Site Action
F.VIII-1) Inorganic active substances: Bordeaux mixture, copper acetate,
copper hydroxide,
copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;
F.VIII-2) Thio- and dithiocarbamates: ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metam,
methasulphocarb,
metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram;
F.VIII-3) Organochlorine compounds (e.g. phthalim ides, sulfamides,
chloronitriles):
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anilazine, chlorothalonil, captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid,
dichlorophen, flusulfamide,
hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-
(4-chloro-2-nitro-
pheny1)-N-ethy1-4-methyl-benzenesulfonamide;
F.VIII-4) Guanidines and other: guanidine, dodine, dodine free base,
guazatine, guazatine-
acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate),
dithianon, 2,6-
dimethyl-1H ,5H41,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-0dipyrrole-1,3,5,7(2H ,6H)-tetraone;
F.VIII-5) Ahtraquinones: dithianon;
F.IX) Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
F.IX-1) Inhibitors of glucan synthesis: validamycin, polyoxin B;
F.IX-2) Melanin synthesis inhibitors: pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamide,
dicyclomet,
fenoxanil;
F.X) Plant defence inducers
F.X-1) Salicylic acid pathway: acibenzolar-S-methyl;
F.X-2) Others: probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, prohexadione-calcium;
phosphonates: fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, phosphorous acid and its salts;
F.XI) Unknown mode of action:bronopol, chinomethionat, cyflufenamid,
cymoxanil, dazomet,
debacarb, diclomezine, difenzoquat, difenzoquat-methylsulfate, diphenylamin,
fenpyrazamine,
flumetover, flusulfamide, flutianil, methasulfocarb, nitrapyrin, nitrothal-
isopropyl, oxathiapiprolin,
oxin-copper, proquinazid, tebufloquin, tecloftalam, triazoxide, 2-butoxy-6-
iodo-3-propylchromen-
4-one, N-(cyclopropylmethoxyimino-(6-difluoro-methoxy-2,3-difluoro-phenyl)-
methyl)-2-phenyl
acetamide, N'-(4-(4-chloro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-pheny1)-N-
ethyl-N methyl
formamidine, N' (4-(4-fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenoxy)-2,5-dimethyl-pheny1)-N-
ethyl-N-methyl
formamidine, N'-(2-methy1-5-trifluoromethyl-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-propoxy)-
pheny1)-N-ethyl-N-
methyl formamidine, N'-(5-difluoromethy1-2 methy1-4-(3-trimethylsilanyl-
propoxy)-pheny1)-N-
ethyl-N-methyl formamidine, 2-{142-(5-methy1-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-y1)-
acety1]-piperidin-
4-yll-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yI)-
amide, 2-04245-
methy1-3-trifluoromethyl-pyrazole-1-y1)-acety1]-piperidin-4-yll-thiazole-4-
carboxylic acid methyl-
(k)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-naphthalen-1-yl-amide, methoxy-acetic acid 6-tert-buty1-
8-fluoro-2,3-
dimethyl-quinolin-4-y1 ester and N-Methy1-2-{1-[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1H-
pyrazol-1-y1)-
.. acetyl]-piperidin-4-yll-N-[(1k)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-y1]-4-
thiazolecarboxamide, 3-[5-(4-
chloro-pheny1)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3 yI]-pyridine, pyrisoxazole, 5-amino-
2-isopropy1-3-oxo-
4-ortho-toly1-2,3-dihydro-pyrazole-1 carbothioic acid &ally! ester, N-(6-
methoxy-pyridin-3-y1)
cyclopropanecarboxylic acid amide, 5-chloro-1 (4,6-dimethoxy-pyrimidin-2-y1)-2-
methy1-1H-
benzoimidazole, 2-(4-chloro-pheny1)-N44-(3,4-dimethoxy-pheny1)-isoxazol-5-y1]-
2-prop-2-
.. ynyloxy-acetamide, ethyl (Z) 3 amino-2-cyano-3-phenyl-prop-2-enoate , tert-
butyl N-[6-[[(Z)-[(1-
methyltetrazol-5-y1)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethy1]-2-pyridyl]carbamate ,
pentyl N-[6-[[(Z)-
[(1-methyltetrazol-5-y1)-phenyl-methylene]amino]oxymethy1]-2-pyridyl]carbamate
, 2424(7,8-
difluoro-2-methy1-3-quinolypoxy]-6-fluoro-phenyl]propan-2-ol, 2-[2-fluoro-6-
[(8-fluoro-2-methy1-3-
quinolyl)oxy]phenyl]propan-2-ol , 3-(5-fluoro-3,3,4,4-tetramethy1-3,4-
dihydroiso-quinolin-1-
yl)quinoline, 3-(4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethy1-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-y1)-
quinoline, 3-(4,4,5-
trifluoro-3,3-dimethy1-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1-yl)quinoline;
F.XII) Growth regulators: abscisic acid, amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-
benzylaminopurine,
brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride,
cyclanilide,
daminozide, dikegulac, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon,
flumetralin, flurprimidol,
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fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic
acid, maleic hydrazide,
mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), naphthaleneacetic acid, N 6-
benzyladenine,
paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon,
thidiazuron,
triapenthenol, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, 2,3,5 tri iodobenzoic acid,
trinexapac-ethyl and
uniconazole;
The commercially available components (III) of the group F listed above may be
found in The
Pesticide Manual, 15th Edition, C. D. S. Tomlin, British Crop Protection
Council (2011) among
other publications. Their preparation and their activity against harmful fungi
is known (cf.:
http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially
available. The
compounds described by IUPAC nomenclature, their preparation and their
fungicidal activity are
also known (cf. Can. J. Plant Sci. 48(6), 587-94, 1968; EPA 141 317; EP-A 152
031; EP-A226
917; EP A 243 970; EP A 256 503; EP-A 428 941; EP-A 532 022; EP-A 1 028 125;
EP-A 1 035
122; EPA 1 201 648; EP A 1 122 244, JP 2002316902; DE 19650197; DE 10021412;
DE
102005009458; US 3,296,272; US 3,325,503; WO 98/46608; WO 99/14187; WO
99/24413; WO
99/27783; WO 00/29404; WO 00/46148; WO 00/65913; WO 01/54501; WO 01/56358; WO
02/22583; WO 02/40431; WO 03/10149; WO 03/11853; WO 03/14103; WO 03/16286; WO
03/53145; WO 03/61388; WO 03/66609; WO 03/74491; WO 04/49804; WO 04/83193; WO
05/120234; WO 05/123689; WO 05/123690; WO 05/63721; WO 05/87772; WO 05/87773;
WO
06/15866; WO 06/87325; WO 06/87343; WO 07/82098; WO 07/90624, WO 11/028657).
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention with a further component (III)
selected from
GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists as defined above, preferred group M.2B
(fiproles),
especially preferred is ethiprole.
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention with a further component (III)
selected from
group M.3 (Sodium channel modulators) as defined above, preferred group M.3A
(pyrethroids),
especially preferred alpha-cypermethrin and cyhalothrin.
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention, with a further component
(III) selected from
group M.4A (Neonicotinoids), especially preferred in particular clothianidin,
dinotefuran,
imidacloprid, thiacloprid, or thiamethoxam.
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention with a further component (III)
selected from
group M.5 (Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators), especially
preferred spinosad
or spinetoram.
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention with a further component (III)
selected from
group M.13 (Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of the
proton gradient),
preferably chlorfenapyr.
Preferred are mixtures of the present invention with a further component (III)
selected from
group M.22 (Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers), preferably
metaflumizone.
Weight ratios of component (I) and component (II) and a component (III) in
ternary mixtures
depend on the properties of the components. The weight ratio of component (I)
to component
(II), is preferably in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, in the range of from
1:50 to 50:1, in the
range of from 1:20 to 20:1, in the range of from 1:10 to 10:1 and in
particular in the range of
from 1:4 to 4:1,
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The weight ratio of component (I) to component (III) is preferably in the
range from 1:100 to
100:1, in the range from 1:50 to 50:1 in the range from 1:20 to 20:1, in the
range from 1:10 to
10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1:4 to 4:1.
A particular preferred embodiment of the invention (pesticidal mixture Al) is
a 3-way mixture
comprising component (I), component (II) of pesticidal mixture A and
comprising pyraclostrobine
or thiophanate-methyl as component (III).
Another preferred embodiment of the invention (pesticidal mixture A1.1) is a 3-
way mixture
comprising component (I), component (II) of pesticidal mixture A and
comprising pyraclostrobine
as component (III).
A particular preferred embodiment of the invention (pesticidal mixture A1.2)
is a 3-way mixture
comprising component (I), component (II) of pesticidal mixture A and
comprising thiophanate-
methyl as component (III).
A further preferred embodiment of the invention (pesticidal mixture A2) are 4-
way mixtures
comprising component (I), component (II) of pesticidal mixture A and
comprising pyraclostrobine
as component (III) and thiophanat-methyl as component (IV).
The present invention also provides methods for the control of insects or
nematodes comprising
contacting the insect or nematode or their food supply, habitat, breeding
grounds or their locus
.. with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al
,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.1,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.2,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II), an amount of component (III) and an amount of component
(IV) of pesticidal
mixture A2.
The present invention also provides methods for the control of fungi
comprising contacting the
fungi, their host plant or propagation material of their host plant
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al
,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.1,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.2,or
with an amount of component (I), an amount of component (II) and a
pesticidally effective
amount of active component (III) and a pesticidally effective amount of
component (IV) of
pesticidal mixture A2.
Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of protecting plants
from attack or
infestation by insects or nematodes comprising contacting the plant, or the
soil or water in which
the plant is growing,
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with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al
,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.1,or
5 with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.2,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II), an amount of component (III) and an amount of component
(IV) of pesticidal
mixture A2.
Preferred weight ratios of component (I) and component (II) of pesticidal
mixture(s) Al, All,
and A1.2 are in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, in the range from 1:50 to 50:1,
preferably in the
range from 1:20 to 20:1, more preferably in the range from 1:10 to 10:1 and in
particular in the
range of from 1:4 to 4:1, and the weight ratio of component (I) and component
(III) is preferably
in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, regularly in the range from 1:50 to 50:1,
preferably in the
range from 1:20 to 20:1. The weight ratio of component (I) and component (II)
of pesticidal
mixture A2 is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, in the range from 1:50 to
50:1, preferably in the
range from 1:20 to 20:1, more prefered in the range from 1:10 to 10:1 and most
preferred in the
range of from 1:4 to 4:1. The weight ratio of component (I) and component
(III) of pesticidal
mixture A2 is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, in the range from 1:50 to
50:1, preferably in the
range from 1:20 to 20:1. The weight ratio of component (I) and component (IV)
of pesticidal
mixture A2 is in the range from 1:100 to 100:1, in the range from 1:50 to
50:1, preferably in the
range from 1:20 to 20:1 and more preferably in the range from 1:10 to 10:1.
Moreover, the present invention also relates to a method of protecting plants
from attack or
infestation by fungi comprising contacting the plant, or the soil or water in
which the plant is
growing,
with an amount of component (I), an amount of component (II) and a
pesticidally effective
amount of active component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al ,or
with an amount of component (I), an amount of component (II) and a
pesticidally effective
amount of active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
with an amount of component (I), an amount of component (II) and a
pesticidally effective
amount of active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
with an amount of component (I), an amount of component (II) and a
pesticidally effective
amount of active component (III) and a pesticidally effective amount of
component (IV) of
pesticidal mixture A2.
Further, the present invention also relates to a method of improving plant
health comprising
contacting the plant, or the soil or water in which the plant is growing,
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture Al ,or
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
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with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II),
component (III) and
component (IV) of pesticidal mixture A2.
Preferably the effective amounts of mixtures of component (I), component (II)
and component
(III) of pesticidal mixture Al, A1.1, A1.2 or A2 are effective amounts to
provide for a synergistic
plant health effect.
The invention also provides a method for the protection of plant propagation
material, preferably
seeds or ratoon, from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from
soil and/or foliar
insects which comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the
seeds before
sowing and/or after pregermination
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al
,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.1,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.2,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II), an amount of component (III) and an amount of component
(IV) of pesticidal
mixture A2.
The invention also provides a method for the protection of plant propagation
material, preferably
seeds or ratoon, from nematodes and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from
nematodes which
comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the seeds before
sowing and/or
after pregermination
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al
,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.1,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II) and an amount of component (III) of pesticidal mixture
A1.2,or
with a pesticidally effective amount of active component (I) and a
pesticidally effective amount
of component (II), an amount of component (III) and an amount of component
(IV) of pesticidal
m ixtu re A2.
The invention also provides a method for improving the plant health of plant
propagation
material, preferably seeds or ratoon, and improving the plant health of the
seedlings' roots and
shoots which comprises contacting the plant progagation material as e.g. the
seeds before
sowing and/or after pregermination,
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture Al ,or
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
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with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II) and
component (III) of
pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
with an effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component (II),
component (III) and
component (IV) of pesticidal mixture A2.
Preferably the effective amounts of mixtures of component (I), component (II)
and component
(III) of pesticidal mixture Al, A1.1, A1.2 or A2 are effective amounts to
provide for a synergistic
plant health effect.
The invention also provides plants propagation material, preferably seeds or
ratoon, comprising
a) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component
(II) and component
(III) of pesticidal mixture Al ,or
b) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component
(II) and component
(III) of pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
c) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component
(II) and component
(III) of pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
d) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of component (I), component
(II), component (III)
and component (IV) of pesticidal mixture A2.
The invention also provides pesticidal compositions, preferably a seed or
ratoon treatment
composition, comprising at least one auxiliary, and
a) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), with
active component (II)
and with active component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al ,or
b) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), with
active component (II)
and with active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
c) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), with
active component (II)
and with active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
d) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), with
active component (II),
with active component (III) and with active component (IV) of pesticidal
mixture A2.
The invention also relates to the use of
a) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al ,or
b) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
c) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
d) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II),
active component (III) and active component (IV) of pesticidal mixture A2.
for preparing a seed treatment composition.
The invention also relates to the use of
a) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture Al ,or
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b) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.1,or
c) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II) and
active component (III) of pesticidal mixture A1.2,or
d) a pesticidally effective amount of mixtures of active component (I), active
component (II),
active component (III) and active component (IV) of pesticidal mixture A2.
for preparing plant propagation material.
According to a further aspect, the present invention relates to pesticidal
mixtures T comprising,
1) as component (I): tioxazafen;
2) as component (II) a compound selected from the group consisting of the
compounds
compound K.1-2
244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-y1)propan-
2-ol;
compound K.2-2
144-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-cyclopropy1-2-(1,2,4-
triazol-1-ypethanol; and
compound K.3-2
244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-3-methyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-
y1)butan-2-ol;
or the N-oxides or the agriculturally acceptable salts of each of the
compounds; and
3) as component (III) a compound selected from the group consisting of the
compounds
Azoxystrobin (F-1), Trifloxystrobin (F-2), Picoxystrobin (F-3), Pyraclostrobin
(F-4), Sedaxane (F-
5), Penthiopyrad (F-6), Penflufen (F-7), Fluopyram (F-8), Fluxapyroxad (F-9),
Boscalid (F-10),
Oxathiapiprolin (F-11), Metalaxyl (F-12), Metalaxyl-M (F-13), Ethaboxam (F-
14), dimethomorph
(F-15), Valifenalate(F-16), Cyproconazole (F-17), Difenoconazole (F-18),
Prothioconazole (F-
19), Flutriafol (F-20), Thiabendazole (F-21), Ipconazole (F-22), Tebuconazole
(F-23),
Triadimenol (F-24), Prochloraz (F-25), Fluquinconazole (F-26), Triticonazole
(F-27), Fludioxinil
(F-28), Carboxin (F-29), Silthiofarm (F-30), Ziram (F-31), Thiram (F-32),
Carbendazim (F-33),
Thiophanate-methyl (F-34), Fluazinam (F-35), Fenamidon (F-36), Fipronil (In-
1), 3-
[(methyl)amino]-N42-bromo-441,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethypethyl]-6-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyI]-2-fluoro-benzamide (In-2), 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-N-
[2-bromo-4-
[1,2,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyI]-6-(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-
2-fluoro-benzamide
(In-3), 3-(benzoylmethylamino)-2-fluoro-N42-iodo-441,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-
(trifluoromethypethy1]-
6-(trifluoromethyl)phenylFbenzamide (In-4), N43-[[[2-iodo-441,2,2,2-
tetrafluoro-1-
(trifluoromethypethy1]-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]pheny1]-N-
methyl-benzamide (In-
5), N43-[[[2-bromo-441,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethypethy1]-6-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbony1]-2-fluorophenyI]-4-fluoro-N-methyl-
benzamide (In-6), 4-
fluoro-N42-fluoro-3-E2-iodo-441,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethypethyl]-6-
(trifluoromethyl)-
phenyl]amino]carbonyl]pheny1]-N-methyl-benzamide (In-7), 3-fluoro-N42-fluoro-3-
[[[2-iodo-4-
[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluoromethypethyl]-6-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]pheny1]-N-
methyl-benzamide (In-8), 2-chloro-N43-[[[2-iodo-441,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-
(trifluoromethypethy1]-6-
(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]amino]carbonyl]pheny1]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (In-9), N-
[4,6-dichloro-2-
[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoy1]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridy1)-5-
(trifluoromethyl)-
pyrazole-3-carboxamide (In-10), N44-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-
sulfanylidene)carbamoy1]-6-
methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridy1)-5-(trifluoromethyppyrazole-3-carboxamide
(In-11), N-[4-
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chloro-2-[(di-2-propyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoy1]-6-methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-
chloro-2-
pyridyI)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (In-12), N44,6-dichloro-2-
[(di-2-propyl-
lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoy1]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridy1)-5-
(trifluoromethyppyrazole-3-
carboxamide (In-13), N44,6-dibromo-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-
sulfanylidene)carbamoy1]-phenyl]-2-
(3-chloro-2-pyridyI)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazole-3-carboxamide (In-14),
Clothianidin (In-15),
Thiamethoxam (In-16), Acetamiprid (In-17), Dinotefuran (In-18), lmidacloprid
(In-19), Thiacloprid
(In-20), Flupyradifurone (In-21), Sulfoxaflor (In-22), Methiocarb (In-23),
Tefluthrin (In-24),
Bifenthrin (In-25), Cypermethrin (In-26), Alphacypermethrin (In-27), Spinosad
(In-28), Cyazypyr
(In-29), Rynaxapyr (In-30), Thiodicarb (In-31), Triflumezopyrim (Mesoionic)
(In-32), Acephate
(In-33), Chlorpyriphos (In-34) and Abamectin (In-35), or the N-oxides or the
agriculturally
acceptable salts of each of the compounds.
In the following, the components (I), (II) and (III) of pesticical mixtures T
used in this aspect of
the present invention are further detailed and preferences and embodiments are
outlined. Any
of the embodiments and preferences given for a particular component can also
be combined
.. with any of the embodiments and preferences given for one or more further
component/s of the
inventive compositions.
The components (II) of pesticical mixtures K and T can be obtained by various
routes in analogy
to prior art processes known (cf. J.Agric. Food Chem. (2009) 57, 4854-4860; EP
0 275 955 Al;
DE 40 03 180 Al; EP 0 113 640 A2; EP 0 126 430 A2). Furthermore, the
components (II), their
preparation and use in crop protection are described in WO 2013/007767. Owing
to the basic
character of their nitrogen atoms, compounds K.1-2, K.2-2 and K.3-2 is capable
of forming salts
or adducts with inorganic or organic acids or with metal ions, in particular
salts with inorganic
acids or N-oxides.
In each case, the respective N-oxide and the agriculturally acceptable salts
of the compounds
as further defined below are encompassed. Compounds K.1-2, K.2-2 and K.3-2
comprise chiral
centers and they are generally obtained in the form of racemates. The R- and S-
enantiomers of
the compounds contained as component II in the compositions according to the
invention can
be separated and isolated in pure form with methods known by the skilled
person, e.g. by using
chiral H PLC. Suitable for use in the compositions are both the enantiomers
and compositions
thereof. Furthermore, said components I can be present in different crystal
modifications, which
may differ in biological activity.
In particular, in each case, a racemic composition of the respective
components (II), namely of
compound K.1-2, K.2-2 or K.3-2, respectively, is present. Furthermore, any
other proportions of
the (R)-enantiomer and the (S)-enantiomer of the respective compound K.1-2,
K.2-2 or K.3-2,
respectively, may be present according to the present invention. For example,
the (R)-
enantiomer of compound K.1-2 is (R)-244-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-
triazol-1-y1)propan-2-ol; the S-enantiomer of K.1-2 is (S)-244-(4-
chlorophenoxy)-2-
(trifluoromethyl)pheny1]-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-y1)propan-2-ol. This applies to
the other compounds
accordingly.
According to one specific embodiment, the respective compound K.1-2, K.2-2 or
K.3-2,
respectively, is provided and used as (R)-enantiomer with an enantiomeric
excess (e.e.) of at
least 40%, for example, at least 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, preferably at least
90%, more
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preferably at least 95%, yet more preferably at least 98% and most preferably
at least 99%.
According to a further specific embodiment, the respective compound K.1-2, K.2-
2 or K.3-2,
respectively, is provided and used as (S)-enantiomer with an enantiomeric
excess (e.e.) of at
least 40%, for example, at least 50%, 60%, 70% or 80%, preferably at least
90%, more
5 preferably at least 95%, yet more preferably at least 98% and most
preferably at least 99%.
This applies to every composition detailled herein.
According to one embodiment of the invention, component (II) is compound K.1-
2.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, component (II) is compound
K.2-2.
According to a further embodiment of the invention, component (II) is compound
K.3-2.
10 The pesticides III, described by their common names, their preparation
and their biological
activity e. g. against harmful fungi, pests or weed is known (cf.:
http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/); these substances are commercially
available and known,
for example, from the references below:
azoxystrobin, methyl 2-{246-(2-cyano-1-vinylpenta-1,3-dienyloxy)pyrimidin-4-
yloxy]pheny11-3-
15 methoxyacrylate (EP 382 375); trifloxystrobin, methyl (E)-methoxyimino-
{(E)-a-[1-(a,a,a-
trifluoro-m-toly1) ethylideneaminooxy]-o-tolyllacetate (EP 460 575);
picoxystrobin, methyl 3-
methoxy-242-(6-trifluoromethylpyridin-2-yloxymethyl)phenyl]acrylate (EP 278
595); pyraclo-
strobin, methyl N-{241-(4-chloropheny1)-1H-pyrazol-3-yloxymethyl]phenyll(N-
methoxy)carba-
mate (WO 96/01256); penthiopyrad, (RS)-N-[2-(1,3-dimethylbuty1)-3-thieny1]-1-
methy1-3-
20 (trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide (JP 10130268); boscal id, 2-
chloro-N-(4'-
chlorobipheny1-2-yl)nicotinamide (EP-A 545 099); metalaxyl, methyl N-
(methoxyacetyI)-N-(2,6-
xyly1)-DL-alaninate (GB 15 00 581); ethaboxam, N-(cyano-2-thienylmethyl)-4-
ethy1-2-
(ethylamino)-5-thiazolecarboxamide (EP-A 639 574); dimethomorph, 3-(4-
chlorophenyI)-3-(3,4-
dimethoxypheny1)-1-morpholin-4-yl-propenone (EP 120 321); cyproconazole, 2-(4-
25 chloropheny1)-3-cyclopropy1-141,2,4]triazol-1-ylbutan-2-ol (US 4 664
696); difenoconazole, 1-9-
[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)pheny1]-4-methy141,3]dioxolan-2-ylmethyll-1H-
[1,2,4]triazole (GB-
A 2 098 607); prothioconazole, 242-(1-chlorocyclopropy1)-3-(2-chloropheny1)-2-
hydroxypropyl]-
2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole-3-thione (WO 96/16048); flutriafol, a-(2-
fluorophenyI)-a-(4-
fluoropheny1)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (EP 15 756); thiabendazole, 2-(1,3-
thiazol-4-
yl)benzimidazole (US 3 017 415); ipconazole, 2-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-5-(1-
methylethyl)-1-
(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (EP 267 778); tebuconazole, 1-(4-
chloropheny1)-4,4-
dimethy1-341,2,4]triazol-1-ylmethylpentan-3-ol (EP-A 40 345); triadimenol, [3-
(4-chlorophenoxy)-
a-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (DE 23 24 010); prochloraz,
N-(propy142-
(2,4,6-trichlorophenoxy)ethylpimidazole-1-carboxamide (US 3 991 071);
fluquinconazole, 3-
(2,4-dichloropheny1)-6-fluoro-241,2,4]-triazol-1-y1-3H-quinazolin-4-one (Proc.
Br. Crop Prot.
Conf.-Pests Dis., 5-3, 411 (1992)); triticonazole, (5E)-5-[(4-
chlorophenyl)methylene]-2,2-
dimethy1-1-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)cyclopentanol (FR 26 41 277);
fludioxonil, 4-(2,2-
difluorobenzo[1,3]dioxo1-4-y1)-1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitrile (The Pesticide
Manual, publ. The British
Crop Protection Council, 10th ed. (1995), p. 482); carboxin, 5,6-dihydro-2-
methyl-N-pheny1-1,4-
oxathiin-3-carboxamide (US 3 249 499); silthiofam, N-ally1-4,5-dimethy1-2-
(trimethylsilyl)thiophene-3-carboxamide [CAS RN 175217-20-6]; ziram, thiram,
bis(dimethylthiocarbamoyl) disulfide (DE 642 532); carbendazim, methyl (1H-
benzoimidazol-2-
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26
yl)carbamate (US 3 657 443); thiophanate-methyl, 1,2-phenylenebis(iminocarbono-
thioyl)bis(dimethylcarbamate) (DE-A 19 30 540). Compound In-2 is disclosed in
WO
2010/018714, the preparation is described in EP 2322502. Compounds In-10 to In-
14 can be
prepared as described in WO 2007/006670, W02013/024009 and W02013/024010.
According to one embodiment of this inventive aspect, the pesticidal mixtures
T are ternary
compositions that contain only said component (I) (tioxazafen), component (II)
selected from
K.1-2, K.2-2 and K.3-2, and component (III) as detailed above as active
ingredients.
In Table Ti, specific compositions according to this aspect of the invention
are individualized.
In Table Ti, each row corresponds to one embodiment of this aspect of the
invention, i.e. one
specifically individualized composition with the name of the respective
composition given in the
first column of the respective row in the table (e.g. T1-3). According to one
specific aspect, said
compositions are ternary compositions, containing only these three components
that are given
in the respective row of the table as active compounds. Furthermore, also
every combination of
the compositions individualized in the tables represent embodiments of the
present invention.
Table Ti: Three-component compositions comprising component I ("I" =
Tioxazafen), one
component (II) ("II", selected from K.1-2, K.2-2 and K.3-2) and one component
(III) ("Ill"), in
particular ternary compositions containing the respective components (I), (II)
and (III) as only
active ingredients.
compo- compo-
I II III I II
III
sition sition
T1-1 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-1 T1-19 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-19
T1-2 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-2 T1-20 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-20
T1-3 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-3 T1-21 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-21
T1-4 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-4 T1-22 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-22
T1-5 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-5 T1-23 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-23
T1-6 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-6 T1-24 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-24
T1-7 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-7 T1-25 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-25
T1-8 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-8 T1-26 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-26
T1-9 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-9 T1-27 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-27
T1-10 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-10 T1-28 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-28
T1-11 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-11 T1-29 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-29
T1-12 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-12 T1-30 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-30
T1-13 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-13 T1-31 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-31
T1-14 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-14 T1-32 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-32
T1-15 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-15 T1-33 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-33
T1-16 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-16 T1-34 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-34
T1-17 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-17 T1-35 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-35
T1-18 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-18 T1-36 tioxazafen K.1-2 F-36
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compo- compo-
I II III I II III
sition sition
T1-37 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-1 T1-72 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-1
T1-38 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-2 T1-73 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-2
T1-39 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-3 T1-74 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-3
T1-40 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-4 T1-75 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-4
T1-41 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-5 T1-76 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-5
T1-42 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-6 T1-77 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-6
T1-43 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-7 T1-78 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-7
T1-44 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-8 T1-79 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-8
T1-45 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-9 T1-80 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-9
T1-46 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-10 T1-81 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-10
T1-47 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-11 T1-82 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-11
T1-48 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-12 T1-83 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-12
T1-49 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-13 T1-84 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-13
T1-50 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-14 T1-85 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-14
T1-51 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-15 T1-86 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-15
T1-52 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-16 T1-87 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-16
T1-53 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-17 T1-88 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-17
T1-54 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-18 T1-89 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-18
T1-55 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-19 T1-90 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-19
T1-56 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-20 T1-91 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-20
T1-57 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-21 T1-92 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-21
T1-58 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-22 T1-93 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-22
T1-59 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-23 T1-94 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-23
T1-60 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-24 T1-95 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-24
T1-61 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-25 T1-96 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-25
T1-62 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-26 T1-97 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-26
T1-63 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-27 T1-98 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-27
T1-64 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-28 T1-99 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-28
T1-65 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-29 T1-100 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-29
T1-66 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-30 T1-101 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-30
T1-67 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-31 T1-102 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-31
T1-68 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-32 T1-103 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-32
T1-69 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-33 T1-104 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-33
T1-70 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-34 T1-105 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-34
T1-71 tioxazafen K.1-2 In-35 T1-106 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-35
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compo- compo-
I II III I II III
sition sition
T1-107 tioxazafen K.2-2 F-36 T1-142 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-35
T1-108 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-1 T1-143 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-1
T1-109 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-2 T1-144 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-2
T1-110 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-3 T1-145 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-3
T1-111 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-4 T1-146 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-4
T1-112 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-5 T1-147 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-5
T1-113 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-6 T1-148 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-6
T1-114 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-7 T1-149 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-7
T1-115 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-8 T1-150 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-8
T1-116 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-9 T1-151 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-9
T1-117 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-10 T1-152 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-10
T1-118 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-11 T1-153 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-11
T1-119 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-12 T1-154 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-12
T1-120 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-13 T1-155 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-13
T1-121 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-14 T1-156 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-14
T1-122 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-15 T1-157 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-15
T1-123 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-16 T1-158 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-16
T1-124 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-17 T1-159 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-17
T1-125 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-18 T1-160 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-18
T1-126 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-19 T1-161 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-19
T1-127 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-20 T1-162 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-20
T1-128 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-21 T1-163 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-21
T1-129 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-22 T1-164 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-22
T1-130 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-23 T1-165 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-23
T1-131 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-24 T1-166 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-24
T1-132 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-25 T1-167 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-25
T1-133 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-26 T1-168 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-26
T1-134 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-27 T1-169 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-27
T1-135 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-28 T1-170 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-28
T1-136 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-29 T1-171 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-29
T1-137 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-30 T1-172 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-30
T1-138 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-31 T1-173 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-31
T1-139 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-32 T1-174 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-32
T1-140 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-33 T1-175 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-33
T1-141 tioxazafen K.2-2 In-34 T1-176 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-34
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compo- compo-
I II III I II
III
sition sition
T1-177 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-35 T1-196 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-18
T1-178 tioxazafen K.3-2 F-36 T1-197 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-19
T1-179 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-1 T1-198 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-20
T1-180 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-2 T1-199 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-21
T1-181 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-3 T1-200 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-22
T1-182 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-4 T1-201 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-23
T1-183 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-5 T1-202 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-24
T1-184 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-6 T1-203 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-25
T1-185 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-7 T1-204 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-26
T1-186 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-8 T1-205 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-27
T1-187 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-9 T1-206 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-28
T1-188 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-10 T1-207 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-29
T1-189 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-11 T1-208 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-30
T1-190 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-12 T1-209 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-31
T1-191 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-13 T1-210 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-32
T1-192 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-14 T1-211 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-33
T1-193 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-15 T1-212 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-34
T1-194 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-16 T1-213 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-35
T1-195 tioxazafen K.3-2 In-17
In these inventive three-component-compositions T1-1 to T1-213, the weight
ratio of component
(I) to component (II) depends on the properties of the active compounds in
question and may
particularly be 1000:1 to 1:1000, specifically 500:1 to 1:500. Preferably, it
is in the range of from
1:100 to 100:1, preferably in the range of from 1:50 to 50:1 and in particular
in the range of from
1:20 to 20:1. It may be preferable for the weight ratio to be in the region of
from 1:10 to 10:1,
preferably from 1:3 to 3:1, in particular from 1:2 to 2:1. The weight ratio of
component (I) to the
component (III) may particularly be 1000:1 to 1:1000, specifically 500:1 to
1:500. It is preferably
in the range of from 1:100 to 100:1, preferably in the range of from 1:50 to
50:1 and in particular
in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1. It may be preferable for the weight ratio
to be in the region of
from 1:10 to 10:1, preferably from 1:3 to 3:1, in particular from 1:2 to 2:1.
The weight ratio of
component (II) to component (III) is preferably in the range of from 1:100 to
100:1, frequently in
the range of from 1:50 to 50:1, preferably in the range of from 1:20 to 20:1,
and in particular in
the range of from 1:10 to 10:1. It may be preferable for the weight to be in
the range of from 1:3
to 3:1, in particular from 1:2 to 2:1.
In the mixtures and compositions, the compound ratios of the active
ingredients are
advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
The invention also provides pesticidal compositions, comprising a liquid
and/or solid carrier and
an inventive composition.
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The component(s) (1), component(s) (II), component(s) (111), component(s) (IV)
and
component(s) (V) of pesticidal mixtures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1, J, 1.1,
1.2,1.3, J.1, J.2, J.3, J.4,
and T are understood to include their stereoisomers, salts, tautomers, racemic
mixtures,
5 .. individual pure enantiomers and diasteroemers and their optically active
mixtures or N-oxides,
or a polymorphic crystalline form, a co-crystal or a solvate of a compound or
a stereoisomer,
salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof.
Salts of the compounds of the present invention are preferably agriculturally
and veterinarily
acceptable salts. They can be formed in a customary method, e.g. by reacting
the compound
10 with an acid if the compound of the present invention has a basic
functionality or by reacting the
compound with a suitable base if the compound of the present invention has an
acidic
functionality.
In general, suitable "agriculturally useful salts" or "agriculturally
acceptable salts" are especially
the salts of those cations or the acid addition salts of those acids whose
cations and anions,
15 .. respectively, do not have any adverse effect on the action of the
compounds according to the
present invention. Suitable cations are in particular the ions of the alkali
metals, preferably
lithium, sodium and potassium, of the alkaline earth metals, preferably
calcium, magnesium and
barium, and of the transition metals, preferably manganese, copper, zinc and
iron, and also
ammonium (NH4) and substituted ammonium in which one to four of the hydrogen
atoms are
20 replaced by C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-hydroxyalkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, C1-C4-alkoxy-
C1-C4-alkyl, hydroxy-C1-
C4-alkoxy-C1-C4-alkyl, phenyl or benzyl. Examples of substituted ammonium ions
comprise
methylammonium, isopropylammonium, dimethylammonium, diisopropylammonium,
trimethylammonium, tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium,
tetrabutylammonium, 2-
hydroxyethylammonium, 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl-ammonium, bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)ammonium,
25 benzyltrimethylammonium and benzyltriethylammonium, furthermore
phosphonium ions,
sulfonium ions, preferably tri(C1-C4-alkyl)sulfonium, and sulfoxonium ions,
preferably tri(C1-C4-
alkyl)sulfoxonium.
Anions of useful acid addition salts are primarily chloride, bromide,
fluoride, hydrogen sulfate,
sulfate, dihydrogen phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, phosphate, nitrate,
hydrogen carbonate,
30 .. carbonate, hexafluorosilicate, hexafluorophosphate, benzoate, and the
anions of C1-C4-alkanoic
acids, preferably formate, acetate, propionate and butyrate. They can be
formed by reacting the
compounds The component(s) (1), component(s) (II), component(s) (111),
component(s) (IV) and
component(s) (V) of pesticidal mixtures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1, J, 1.1,
1.2,1.3, J.1, J.2, J.3, J.4,
and T with an acid of the corresponding anion, preferably of hydrochloric
acid, hydrobromic
.. acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or nitric acid.
Preferred component(s) (1), component(s) (II), component(s) (111),
component(s) (IV) and
component(s) (V) of the present invention are component(s) (1), component(s)
(II),
component(s) (111), component(s) (IV) and component(s) (V) of pesticidal
mixtures A, B, C, D, E,
F, G, H, 1, J, 1.1, 1.2,1.3, J.1, J.2, J.3, J.4, and T or a stereoisomer, N-
oxide or salt thereof,
wherein the salt is an agriculturally or veterinarily acceptable salt.
The component(s) (1), component(s) (II), component(s) (111), component(s) (IV)
and
component(s) (V) of pesticidal mixtures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, 1, J, 1.1,
1.2,1.3, J.1, J.2, J.3, J.4,
and T may be present in the form of their N-oxides. The term "N-oxide"
includes any compound
of the present invention which has at least one tertiary nitrogen atom that is
oxidized to an N-
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31
oxide moiety. N-oxides of compounds of the present invention can in particular
be prepared by
oxidizing the ring nitrogen atom(s) of the pyridine ring and/or the pyrazole
ring with a suitable
oxidizing agent, such as peroxo carboxylic acids or other peroxides. The
person skilled in the
art knows if and in which positions in component(s) (I), component(s) (II),
component(s) (Ill),
.. component(s) (IV) and component(s) (V) may form N-oxides.
The component(s) (I), component(s) (II), component(s) (Ill), component(s) (IV)
and
component(s) (V) of the present invention may be amorphous or may exist in one
ore more
different crystalline states (polymorphs) which may have different macroscopic
properties such
as stability or show different biological properties such as activities. The
present invention
.. includes both amorphous and crystalline compounds of component (I) and
component(s) (II),
their enantiomers or diastereomers, mixtures of different crystalline states
of the respective
component (I) and component(s) (II), their enantiomers or diastereomers, as
well as amorphous
or crystalline salts thereof.
The term "co-crystal" denotes a complex of at leat component (I) and
component(s) (II) of the
present invention or a stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, with
one or more other
molecules (preferably one molecule type), wherein usually the ratio of the
compound according
to the invention and the other molecule is a stoichiometric ratio.
The term "solvate" denotes a co-complex of the compounds of the present
invention, or a
stereoisomer, salt, tautomer or N-oxide thereof, with solvent molecules. The
solvent is usually
.. liquid. Examples of solvents are methanol, ethanol, toluol, xylol. A
preferred solvent which forms
solvates is water, which solvates are referred to as "hydrates". A solvate or
hydrate is usually
characterized by the presence of a fixed number of n molecules solvent per m
molecules
compound according to the invention.
Pests
The mixtures according to the invention are in particular suitable for
efficiently controlling
arthropodal pests such as arachnids, myriapedes and insects as well as
nematodes. The
mixtures according to the invention are especially suitable for efficiently
combating the following
pests:
.. insects from the order of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), for example
Acronicta major,
Adoxophyes orana, Aedia leucomelas, Agrotis spp. such as Agrotis fucosa,
Agrotis segetum,
Agrotis ypsilon; Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Anticarsia spp.,
Argyresthia
conjugella, Autographa gamma, Barathra brassicae, Bucculatrix thurberiella,
Bupalus piniarius,
Cacoecia murinana, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana, Carpocapsa pomonella,
Cheimatobia
brumata, Chilo spp. such as Chilo suppressalis; Choristoneura fumiferana,
Choristoneura
occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Clysia ambiguella, Cnaphalocerus spp., Cydia
pomonella,
Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana,
Elasmopalpus
lignosellus, Ephestia cautella, Ephestia kuehniella, Eupoecilia ambiguella,
Euproctis
chrysorrhoea, Euxoa spp., Evetria bouliana, Feltia spp. such as Feltia
subterranean; Galleria
.. mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Helicoverpa spp.
such as Helicoverpa
armigera, Helicoverpa zea; Heliothis spp. such as Heliothis armigera,
Heliothis virescens,
Heliothis zea; HeHula undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hofmannophila
pseudospretella, Homona
magnanima, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta padella, Hyponomeuta malinellus,
Keiferia
lycopersicella, Lambdina fisceHaria, Laphygma spp. such as Laphygma exigua;
Leucoptera
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coffee/la, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lithophane
antennata, Lobesia botrana,
Loxagrotis albicosta, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria spp. such as Lymantria
dispar, Lymantria
monacha; Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra spp. such as
Mamestra
brassicae; Mocis repanda, Mythimna separata, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Oria spp.,
Ostrinia spp.
such as Ostrinia nubilalis; Oulema oryzae, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora spp.
such as
Pectinophora gossypiella; Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea
spp. such as
Phthorimaea operculella; Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris spp. such as Pieris
brassicae, Pieris rapae;
Plathypena scabra, Plutella maculipennis, Plutella xylostella, Prodenia spp.,
Pseudaletia spp.,
Pseudoplusia includens, Pyrausta nubilalis, Rhyacionia frustrana,
Scrobipalpula absoluta,
Sitotroga cerealella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera spp. such as
Spodoptera fruoperda,
Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura; Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Thermesia
gemmatalis,
Tinea peHioneHa, Tineola bisseHieHa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia spp. such
as Trichoplusia ni;
Tuta absoluta, and Zeiraphera canadensis,
beetles (Coleoptera), for example Acanthoscehdes obtectus, Adoretus spp.,
Agelastica alni,
Agri/us sinuatus, Agriotes spp. such as Agriotes fuscicollis, Agriotes
lineatus, Agriotes obscurus;
Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anobium punctatum, Anomala
rufocuprea,
Anoplophora spp. such as Anoplophora glabripennis; Anthonomus spp. such as
Anthonomus
grandis, Anthonomus pomorum; Anthrenus spp., Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia
spp., Athous
haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria spp. such as Atomaria linearis; Attagenus spp.,
Aulacophora
femora/is, Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bruchidius obtectus,
Bruchus spp. such
as Bruchus lentis, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus rufimanus; Byctiscus betulae,
Callosobruchus
chinensis, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata,
Ceuthorhynchus spp. such
as Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi; Chaetocnema tibia/is,
Cleonus mendicus,
Conoderus spp. such as Conoderus vespertinus; Cosmopolites spp., Costelytra
zealandica,
Crioceris asparagi, Cryptorhynchus lapathi, Ctenicera ssp. such as Ctenicera
destructor;
Curculio spp., Dectes texanus, Dermestes spp., Diabrotica spp. such as
Diabrotica 12-punctata
Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica longicomis, Diabrotica semipunctata,
Diabrotica virgifera;
Epilachna spp. such as Epilachna varivestis, Epilachna vigintioctomaculata;
Epitrix spp. such as
Epitrix hirtipennis; Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, Faustinus cubae, Gibbium
psylloides,
Heteronychus arator, Hylamorpha elegans, Hylobius abietis, Hylotrupes bajulus,
Hypera
brunnopennis, Hypera postica, Hypothenemus spp., 1ps typographus, Lachnostema
consanguinea, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa spp. such as
Leptinotarsa
decemlineata; Limonius californicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Lissorhoptrus
oryzophilus, Lixus
spp., Lyctus spp. such as Lyctus bruneus; Melanotus communis, Meligethes spp.
such as
Meligethes aeneus; Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Migdolus
spp.,
Monochamus spp. such as Monochamus altematus; Naupactus xanthographus, Niptus
hololeucus, Oryctes rhinoceros, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Otiorrhynchus
sulcatus,
Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Oulema oryzae, Oxycetonia
jucunda, Phaedon
cochleariae, PhyHobius pyri, Phyllopertha horticola, PhyHophaga spp.,
Phyllotreta spp. such as
Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata;
Phyllophaga spp.,
Phyllopertha horticola, Popillia japonica, Premnotrypes spp., Psylliodes
chrysocephala, Ptinus
spp., Rhizobius ventralis , Rhizopertha dominica, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus
spp. such as
Sitophilus granaria, Sitophilus zeamais; Sphenophorus spp. such as
Sphenophorus levis;
Sternechus spp. such as Stemechus subsignatus; Symphyletes spp., Tenebrio
molitor,
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Tribolium spp. such as Tribolium castaneum; Trogoderma spp., Tychius spp.,
Xylotrechus spp.,
and Zabrus spp. such as Zabrus tenebrioides,
flies, mosquitoes (Diptera), e.g. Aedes spp. such as Aedes aegypti, Aedes
albopictus, Aedes
vexans; Anastrepha ludens, Anopheles spp. such as Anopheles albimanus,
Anopheles
crucians, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles gambiae, Anopheles leucosphyrus,
Anopheles
maculipennis, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles quadrimaculatus, Anopheles
sinensis; Bibio
hortulanus, Calliphora erythrocephala, Calliphora vicina, Cerafitis capitata,
Ceratitis capitata,
Chrysomyia spp. such as Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomya
macellaria; Chrysops atlanticus, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea,
Cochliomyia spp. such as
Cochliomyia hominivorax; Contarinia spp. such as Contarinia sorghicola;
Cordylobia
anthropophaga, Culex spp. such as Culex nigripalpus, Culex &lens, Culex
quinquefasciatus,
Culex tarsalis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus; Culicoides furens, Culiseta inornata,
Culiseta melanura,
Cuterebra spp., Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia spp.
such as Delia
antique, Delia coarctata, Delia platura, Delia radicum; Dermatobia hominis,
Drosophila spp.,
Fannia spp. such as Fannia canicularis; Gastraphilus spp. such as
Gasterophilus intestinalis;
Geomyza Tripunctata, Glossina fuscipes, Glossina morsitans, Glossina pa/pa/is,
Glossina
tachinoides, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp.,
Hylemyia spp. such
as Hylemyia platura; Hypoderma spp. such as Hypoderma lineata; Hyppobosca
spp.,
Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza spp. such as Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza
trifolii; Lucilia spp.
such as Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata; Lycoria
pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus,
Mayetiola spp. such as Mayetiola destructor; Musca spp. such as Musca
autumnalis, Musca
domestica; Muscina stabulans, Oestrus spp. such as Oestrus ovis; Opomyza
florum, OscineIla
spp. such as OscineIla fit; Pegomya hysocyami, Phlebotomus argentipes, Phorbia
spp. such as
Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata; Prosimulium mixtum,
Psila rosae,
Psorophora columbiae, Psorophora discolor, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis
pomonella,
Sarcophaga spp. such as Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis; Simulium vittatum,
Stomoxys spp. such
as Stomoxys calcitrans; Tabanus spp. such as Tabanus atratus, Tabanus bovinus,
Tabanus
lineola, Tabanus similis; Tannia spp., Tipula oleracea, Tipula paludosa, and
Wohlfahrtia spp.,
thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Baliothrips biformis, Dichromothrips corbetti,
Dichromothrips ssp.,
Enneothrips flavens, Frankliniella spp. such as Frankliniella fusca,
Frankliniella occidentalis,
Frankliniella tritici; Heliothrips spp., Hercinothrips femoralis, Kakothrips
spp., Rhipiphorothrips
cruentatus, Scirtothrips spp. such as Scirtothrips citri; Taeniothrips
cardamoni, Thrips spp. such
as Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci;
termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus,
Heterotermes
aureus, Heterotermes longiceps, Heterotermes tenuis, Leucotermes flavipes,
Odontotermes
spp., Reticulitermes spp. such as Reticulitermes speratus, Reticulitermes
flavipes,
Reticulitermes grassei, Reticulitermes lucifugus, Reticulitermes santonensis,
Reticulitermes
virginicus; Termes natalensis,
cockroaches (Blattaria - Blattodea), e.g. Acheta domesticus, Blatta
orientalis, Blatt&la
asahinae, Blatt&la germanica, Gryllotalpa spp., Leucophaea maderae, Locusta
spp.,
Melanoplus spp., Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta australasiae, Periplaneta
brunnea,
Periplaneta fuligginosa, Periplaneta japonica,
bugs, aphids, leafhoppers, whiteflies, scale insects, cicadas (Hemiptera),
e.g. Acrosternum
spp. such as Acrostemum hilare; Acyrthosipon spp. such as Acyrthosiphon
onobrychis,
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Acyrthosiphon pisum; Adelges lands, Aeneolamia spp., Agonoscena spp.,
Aleurodes spp.,
Aleurolobus barodensis, Aleurothrixus spp., Amrasca spp., Anasa tristis,
Antestiopsis spp.,
Anuraphis cardui, Aonidiella spp., Aphanostigma pin, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis
spp. such as
Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis pomi,
Aphis sambuci,
Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola; Arboridia apicalis, Arilus critatus,
Aspidiella spp., Aspidiotus
spp., Atanus spp., Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia spp. such as Bemisia
argentifolii, Bemisia
tabaci; Blissus spp. such as Blissus leucopterus; Brachycaudus cardui,
Brachycaudus
helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brachycolus spp.,
Brevicoryne
brassicae, Calligypona marginata, Calocoris spp., Campylomma livida,
Capitophorus horni,
Cameocephala fulgida, Cavelerius spp., Ceraplastes spp., Ceratovacuna
lanigera, Cercopidae,
Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Chionaspis tegalensis, Chlorita
Chromaphis juglandicola, Chrysomphalus ficus, Cicadulina mbila, Cimex spp.
such as Cimex
hemipterus, Cimex lectularius; Coccomytilus halli, Coccus spp., Creontiades
dilutus,
Cryptomyzus ribis, Cryptomyzus ribis, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Dalbulus spp.,
Dasynus piperis,
Dialeurades spp., Diaphorina spp., Diaspis spp., Dichelops furcatus,
Diconocoris hewetti,
Dora/is spp., Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Drosicha spp.,
Dysaphis spp. such
as Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Dysaphis radicola; Dysaulacorthum
pseudosolani,
Dysdercus spp. such as Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius;
Dysmicoccus spp.,
Empoasca spp. such as Empoasca fabae, Empoasca solana; Eriosoma spp.,
Erythroneura
spp., Eurygaster spp. such as Eurygaster integriceps; Euscelis bilobatus,
Euschistus spp. such
as Euschistuos heros, Euschistus impictiventris, Euschistus servus; Geococcus
coffeae,
Halyomorpha spp. such as Halyomorpha halys; Heliopeltis spp., Homalodisca
coagulata,
Horcias nobilellus, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, lcerya spp.,
ldiocerus spp.,
ldioscopus spp., Laodelphax striate//us, Lecanium spp., Lepidosaphes spp.,
Leptocorisa spp.,
Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lipaphis erysimi, Lygus spp. such as Lygus hesperus,
Lygus lineolaris,
Lygus pratensis; Macropes excavatus, Macrosiphum spp. such as Macrosiphum
rosae,
Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae; Mahanarva fimbriolata, Megacopta
cribraria,
Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Melanaphis sacchari, Metcafiella spp.,
Metopolophium
dirhodum, Miridae spp., Monellia costa/is, Monelliopsis pecanis, Myzus spp.
such as Myzus
ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus persicae, Myzus varians; Nasono via ribis-
nigri, Nephotettix
spp. such as Nephotettix malayanus, Nephotettix nigropictus, Nephotettix
parvus, Nephotettix
virescens; Nezara spp. such as Nezara viridula; Nilaparvata lugens, Oebalus
spp.,
Oncometopia spp., Orthezia praelonga, Parabemisia myricae, Paratrioza spp.,
Parlatoria spp.,
Pemphigus spp. such as Pemphigus bursarius; Pentomidae, Peregrinus maidis,
Perkinsiella
saccharicida, Phenacoccus spp., Phloeomyzus passerinii, Phorodon humuli,
Phylloxera spp.,
Piesma quadrata, Piezodorus spp. such as Piezodorus guildinii, Pinnaspis
aspidistrae,
Planococcus spp., Protopulvinaria pyriformis, Psallus seriatus, Pseudacysta
persea,
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pseudococcus spp. such as Pseudococcus comstocki;
Psylla spp.
such as Psylla mali, Psylla pin; Pteromalus spp., Pyrilla spp.,
Ouadraspidiotus spp., Ouesada
gigas, Rastrococcus spp., Reduvius senilis, Rhodnius spp., Rhopalomyzus
ascalonicus,
Rhopalosiphum spp. such as Rhopalosiphum pseudobrassicas, Rhopalosiphum
insertum,
Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi; Sagatodes spp., Sahlbergella
singularis,
Saissetia spp., Sappaphis ma/a, Sappaphis mali, Scaphoides titanus, Schizaphis
graminum,
Schizoneura lanuginosa, Scotinophora spp., Selenaspidus articulatus, Sitobion
avenae, Sogata
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spp., Sogatella furcifera, Solubea insularis , Stephanitis nashi,
Stictocephala festina,
Tenalaphara malayensis, Thyanta spp. such as Thyanta perditor; Tibraca spp.,
Tinocallis
caryaefoliae, Tomaspis spp., Toxoptera spp. such as Toxoptera aurantii;
Trialeurodes spp. such
as Trialeurodes vaporariorum; Triatoma spp., Trioza spp., Typhlocyba spp.,
Unaspis spp. such
5 as Unaspis yanonensis; and Viteus vitifolii,
ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta capiguara,
Atta
cephalotes, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta
texana, Bombus
spp., Camponotus floridanus, Crematogaster spp., Dasymutilla occidentalis,
aprion spp.,
Dolichovespula maculata, Hoplocampa spp. such as Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa
10 testudinea; Lasius spp. such as Lasius niger, Linepithema humile,
Monomorium pharaonis,
Paravespula germanica, Paravespula pennsylvanica, Paravespula vulgaris,
Pheidole
megacephala, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex califomicus, Polistes
rubiginosa,
Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis
xyloni, Vespa spp.
such as Vespa crabro, and Vespula squamosa,
15 crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica,
Calliptamus italicus,
Chortoicetes terminifera, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Gryllotalpa africana,
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa,
Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Locusta migratoria, Locustana
pardalina,
Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus,
Melanoplus
sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Oedaleus
senegalensis,
20 Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Tachycines asynamorus,
and Zonozerus
variegatus,
arachnids (Arachnida), such as acari,e.g. of the families Argasidae, lxodidae
and Sarcoptidae,
such as Amblyomma spp. (e.g. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum,
Amblyomma maculatum), Argas spp. (e.g. Argas persicus), Boophilus spp. (e.g.
Boophilus
25 annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus), Dermacentor
silvarum, Dermacentor
andersoni, Dermacentor variabilis, Hyalomma spp. (e.g. Hyalomma truncatum),
lxodes spp.
(e.g. lxodes ricinus, lxodes rubicundus, lxodes scapularis, lxodes holocyclus,
lxodes pacificus),
Ornithodorus spp. (e.g. Ornithodorus moubata, Ornithodorus hermsi,
Ornithodorus turicata),
Omithonyssus bacoti, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gaffinae, Psoroptes spp.
(e.g. Psoroptes
30 ovis), Rhipicephalus spp. (e.g. Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus
appendiculatus,
Rhipicephalus evertsi), Rhizoglyphus spp., Sarcoptes spp. (e.g. Sarcoptes
scabiei), and
Eriophyidae spp. such as Acaria sheldoni, Aculops spp. (e.g. Aculops
pelekassi) Aculus spp.
(e.g. Aculus schlechtendali), Epitrimerus pyri, Phyllocoptruta oleivora and
Eriophyes spp. (e.g.
Eriophyes sheldoni); Tarsonemidae spp. such as Hemitarsonemus spp., Phytonemus
paffidus
35 and Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Stenotarsonemus spp.; Tenuipalpidae spp.
such as
Brevipalpus spp. (e.g. Brevipalpus phoenicis); Tetranychidae spp. such as
Eotetranychus spp.,
Eutetranychus spp., Oligonychus spp., Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus
kanzawai,
Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae; Bryobia
praetiosa,
Panonychus spp. (e.g. Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus Metatetranychus spp. and
Oligonychus spp. (e.g. Oligonychus pratensis), Vasates lycopersici; Araneida,
e.g. Latrodectus
mactans, and Loxosceles reclusa. And Acarus siro, Chorioptes spp., Scorpio
maurus
fleas (Siphonaptera), e.g. Ceratophyllus spp., Ctenocephalides felis,
Ctenocephalides canis,
Xenopsylla cheopis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, and Nosopsyllus
fasciatus,
silverfish, firebrat (Thysanura), e.g. Lepisma saccharina and Thermobia
domestica,
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centipedes (Chilopoda), e.g. Geophilus spp., Scutigera spp. such as Scutigera
coleoptrata;
millipedes (Diplopoda), e.g. Blaniulus guttulatus, Narceus spp.,
Earwigs (Dermaptera), e.g. forficula auricularia,
lice (Phthiraptera), e.g. Damalinia spp., Pediculus spp. such as Pediculus
humanus capitis,
Pediculus humanus corporis; Pthirus pubis, Haematopinus spp. such as
Haematopinus
eurystemus, Haematopinus suis; Linognathus spp. such as Linognathus vituli;
Bovicola bovis,
Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus and Solenopotes capillatus,
Trichodectes spp.,
springtails (Collembola ), e.g. Onychiurus ssp. such as Onychiurus armatus,
They are also suitable for controlling nematodes: plant parasitic nematodes
such as root knot
nematodes, Meloidogyne hap/a, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and
other
Meloidogyne species; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other
Globodera
species; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii,
Heterodera trifolii, and
other Heterodera species; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina species; Stem and
foliar nematodes,
.. Aphelenchoides species such as Aphelenchoides besseyi ; Sting nematodes,
Belonolaimus
longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus
lignicolus
Mamiya et Kiyohara, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus
species; Ring
nematodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species,
Mesocriconema species; Stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor,
Ditylenchus
dipsaci and other Ditylenchus species; Awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species;
Spiral
nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species;
Sheath and
sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species;
Hirshmanniella species; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus species; false rootknot
nematodes,
Nacobbus species; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus and other Longidorus
species;
Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus neglectus,
Pratylenchus penetrans,
Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi and other Pratylenchus species;
Burrowing
nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; Reniform
nematodes,
Rotylenchus robustus, Rotylenchus reniformis and other Rotylenchus species;
Scutellonema
species; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus
species,
Paratrichodorus species; Stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni,
Tylenchorhynchus
dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus
species such as
Ty/enchu/us sempenetrans; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema species; and other plant
parasitic
nematode species.
Examples of further pest species which may be controlled by pesticidal
mixtures of the invention
include: from the class of the Bivalva, for example, Dreissena spp.; from the
class of the
Gastropoda, for example, Arlon spp., Biomphalaria spp., Bulinus spp.,
Deroceras spp., Galba
spp., Lymnaea spp., Oncomelania spp., Succinea spp.; from the class of the
helminths, for
example, Ancylostoma duodena/e, Ancylostoma ceylanicum, Acylostoma
braziliensis,
Ancylostoma spp., Ascaris lubricoides, Ascaris spp., Brugia malayi, Brugia
timori, Bunostomum
spp., Chabertia spp., Clonorchis spp., Cooperia spp., Dicrocoelium spp.,
Dictyocaulus filaria,
Diphyllobothrium latum, Dracunculus medinensis, Echinococcus granulosus,
Echinococcus
multilocularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Faciola spp., Haemonchus spp. such as
Haemonchus
contortus; Heterakis spp., Hymenolepis nana, Hyostrongulus spp., Loa Loa,
Nematodirus spp.,
Oesophagostomum spp., Opisthorchis spp., Onchocerca volvulus, Ostertagia spp.,
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Paragonimus spp., Schistosomen spp., Strongyloides fuellebomi, Strongyloides
stercora us,
Stronyloides spp., Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, Trichinella spiralis,
Trichinella nativa,
Trichinella britovi, Trichinella nelsoni, TrichineHa pseudopsiralis,
Trichostrongulus spp., Trichuris
trichuria, Wuchereria bancrofti; from the order of the lsopoda, for example,
Armadillidium
vulgare, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber; from the order of the Symphyla,
for example,
ScutigereHa immaculata.
Further examples of pest species which may be controlled by pesticidal
mixtures of the
invention include: Anisoplia austriaca, Apamea spp., Austroasca viridigrisea,
Baliothrips
biformis, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cephus spp., Ceutorhynchus napi, Chaetocnema
aridula,
Chilo auricilius, Chilo indicus , Chilo polychrysus, Chortiocetes terminifera,
Cnaphalocroci
medinalis, Cnaphalocrosis spp., Colias eurytheme, CoHops spp., Cornitermes
cumulans,
Creontiades spp., Cyclocephala spp., Dalbulus maidis, Deraceras reticulatum ,
Diatrea
saccharalis, Dichelops furcatus, Dicladispa armigera , Diloboderus spp. such
as Diloboderus
abderus; Edessa spp., Epinotia spp., Formicidae, Geocoris spp., Globitermes
sulfureus,
Gryllotalpidae, Halotydeus destructor, Hipnodes bicolor, Hydrellia philippina,
Julus spp.,
Laodelphax spp., Leptocorsia acuta , Leptocorsia oratorius , Liogenys fuscus,
Lucillia spp.,
Lyogenys fuscus, Mahanarva spp., Maladera matrida, Marasmia spp., Mastotermes
spp.,
Mealybugs, Megascelis ssp, Metamasius hemipterus, Microtheca spp., Mocis
latipes, Murgantia
spp., Mythemina separata , Neocapritermes opacus, Neocapritermes parvus,
Neomegalotomus
spp., Neotermes spp., Nymphula depunctalis, Oebalus pugnax, Orseolia spp. such
as Orseolia
oryzae; Oxycaraenus hyalinipennis, Plusia spp., Pomacea canaliculata,
Procornitermes ssp,
Procomitermes triacifer, , Psylloides spp., Rachiplusia spp., Rhodopholus
spp., Scaptocoris
castanea, Scaptocoris spp., Scirpophaga spp. such as Scirpophaga incertulas ,
Scirpophaga
innotata; Scotinophara spp. such as Scotinophara coarctata; Sesamia spp. such
as Sesamia
inferens, Sogaella frucifera, Solenapsis geminata, Spissistilus spp., Stalk
borer,
Stenchaetothrips biformis, Steneotarsonemus spinki, Sylepta derogata, Telehin
licus,
Trichostrongylus spp..
The pesticidal mixtures of the present invention are particularly useful for
controlling insects,
preferably sucking or piercing insects such as insects from the genera
Thysanoptera, Diptera
and Hemiptera, and chewing-biting pests such as insects from the genera of
Lepidoptera and
Coleoptera, in particular the following species: Thysanoptera: Frankliniella
fusca, Frankliniella
occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips
palmi and Thrips tabaci,
Diptera, e.g. Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, Aedes vexans, Anastrepha
ludens, Anopheles
maculipennis, Anopheles crucians, Anopheles albimanus, Anopheles gambiae,
Anopheles
freeborni, Anopheles leucosphyrus, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles
quadrimaculatus,
Calliphora vicina, Ceratitis capitata, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya
hominivorax, Chrysomya
mace//aria, Chrysops discalis, Chrysops silacea, Chrysops atlanticus,
Cochliomyia hominivorax,
Contarinia sorghicola Cordylobia anthropophaga, Culicoides furens, Cu/ex
pipiens, Cu/ex
nigripalpus, Cu/ex quinquefasciatus, Cu/ex tarsalis, Culiseta inornata,
Culiseta melanura, Dacus
cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, Delia antique, Delia coarctata,
Delia platura,
Delia radicum, Dermatobia hominis, Fannia canicularis, Geomyza Tripunctata,
Gasterophilus
intestinalis, Glossina morsitans, Glossina pa/pa/is, Glossina fuscipes,
Glossina tachinoides,
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Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia
platura, Hypoderma
lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia
caprina, Lucilia
cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola
destructor, Musca
autumnalis, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Opomyza florum,
OscineHa fit,
Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassicae, Phorbia coarctata,
Phlebotomus
argentipes, Psorophora columbiae, Psila rosae, Psorophora discolor,
Prosimulium mixtum,
Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagoletis pomonella, Sarcophaga haemorrhoidalis,
Sarcophaga spp.,
Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus,
Tabanus lineola,
and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa;
Hemiptera, in particular aphids: Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges lands,
Aphidula nasturtii,
Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae,
Aphis schneideri,
Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani,
Brachycaudus
cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus
prunicola, Brevicoryne
brassicae, Capitophorus homi, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii,
Cryptomyzus ribis,
Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum
pseudosolani,
Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni,
Hyperomyzus
lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae,
Megoura viciae,
Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzodes persicae, Myzus
ascalonicus, Myzus
cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasono via ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus
bursarius,
Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mall, Psylla piri,
Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus,
Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosiphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis
mala,
Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae,
Trialeurodes
vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiiand, and Viteus vitifolii.
Lepidoptera, in particular: Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum, Alabama
argiHacea, Anticarsia
gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Auto grapha gamma, Bupalus piniarius,
Cacoecia murinana,
Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura
occidentalis,
Cirphis unipuncta, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis,
Diatraea
grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Eupoecilia
ambiguella, Evetria
bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana,
Grapholitha molesta,
Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, HeHula undalis,
Hibernia defoliaria,
Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina
fiscellaria,
Laphygma exigua, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis
blancardella, Lobesia
botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia
clerkella,
Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Orgyia pseudotsugata, Ostrinia
nubilalis, Panolis
flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala,
Phthorimaea
operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae, Plathypena scabra,
Plutella xylostella,
Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scrobipalpula absoluta,
Sitotroga cerealella,
Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis,
Spodoptera litura,
Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni and Zeiraphera
canadensis.
The pesticidal mixtures of the present invention are particularly useful for
controlling insects
from the order of Coleoptera, in particular Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes
lineatus, Agriotes obscurus,
Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus
pomorum,
Aphthona euphoridae, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blastophagus
piniperda,
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Blitophaga undata, Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis,
Byctiscus betulae,
Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus
assimilis,
Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibia/is, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris
asparagi,
Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicomis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-
punctata
Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix
hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus
brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, 1ps
typographus, Lema
bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californicus,
Lissorhoptrus
oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani,
Melolontha
melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Otiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus,
Phaedon
cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp.,
Phyllopertha horticola,
Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus
and Sitophilus
granaria.
The pesticidal mixtures of the present invention are particularly useful for
controlling insects of
the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera and Thysanoptera.
The pesticidal mixtures of the present invention are especially suitable for
efficiently combating
pests like insects from the order of the lepidopterans (Lepidoptera), beetles
(Coleoptera), flies
and mosquitoes (Diptera), thrips (Thysanoptera), termites (lsoptera), bugs,
aphids, leafhoppers,
whiteflies, scale insects, cicadas (Hemiptera), ants, bees, wasps, sawflies
(Hymenoptera),
crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), and also Arachnoidea, such as
arachnids
(Acarina).
Pesticidal mixture A is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
insecticidal effect on at least one of the following species: Elasmopalpus
lignosellus, Stemechus
subsignatus, Diabrotica vergifera, Diabrotica speciosa, Phyllophaga cuyabana,
Aracanthus
mourei, Heterotermes tenuis, Sphenophorus levis, Migdolus fryanus, Diatraea
saccharalis,
Phyllophaga sp. Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture A is applied in an
effective amount
which has an synergistic insecticidal effen on at least one of Heliothis
virescens and Myzus
persicae.
Pesticidal mixture B is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
insecticidal effect on at least one of the following species: Elasmopalpus
lignosellus, Stemechus
subsignatus, Diabrotica vergifera, Diabrotica speciosa, Phyllophaga cuyabana,
Aracanthus
mourei, Heterotermes tenuis, Sphenophorus levis, Migdolus fryanus, Diatraea
saccharalis,
Phyllophaga sp.; Spodoptera frugiperda Helicoverpa sp, Anticarsia gemmatalis.
Even more
preferred, pesticidal mixture B is applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
insecticidal effen on at least one of Heliothis virescens and Myzus persicae.
Pesticidal mixture C is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
insecticidal effect on at least one of the following species: Elasmopalpus
lignosellus, Stemechus
subsignatus, Diabrotica vergifera, Diabrotica speciosa, Phyllophaga cuyabana,
Aracanthus
mourei, Heterotermes tenuis, Sphenophorus levis, Migdolus fryanus, Diatraea
saccharalis,
Phyllophaga sp.; Spodoptera frugiperda Helicoverpa sp, Anticarsia gemmatalis.
Even more
preferred, pesticidal mixture C is applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
insecticidal effen on at least one of Heliothis virescens and Myzus persicae.
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Pesticidal mixture A is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
5 .. Pesticidal mixture B is preferably applied in an effective amount which
has a synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture C is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
10 nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms:
Pratylenchus sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture D is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
15 sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in
particular on Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture E is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
20 incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture F is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
25 Pesticidal mixture G is preferably applied in an effective amount which
has a synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture H is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
30 nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms:
Pratylenchus sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture Al is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
35 sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in
particular on Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture A1.1 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
a synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
40 incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
Pesticidal mixture A1.2 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
a synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
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41
Pesticidal mixture A2 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has a
synergistic
nematicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms: Pratylenchus
sp., Meloydogine
sp., Heterodera sp., Rotylenchulus sp., Paratrichodorus sp., in particular on
Meloydogine
incognita. or Heterodera glycines or both.
The pesticidal mixtures are particularly suitable for controlling the
following plant diseases
caused by plant pathogenic fungi:
Albugospp. (white rust) on ornamentals, vegetables (e.g. A. candida) and
sunflowers (e.g. A.
tragopogonis); Altemaria spp. (Alternaria leaf spot) on vegetables, rape (A.
brass/cola or
brassicae), sugar beets (A. tenuis), fruits, rice, soybeans, potatoes (e.g. A.
so/an/or A.
altemata), tomatoes (e.g. A. so/an/or A. altemata) and wheat; Aphanomyces spp.
on sugar
beets and vegetables; Ascochyta spp. on cereals and vegetables, e.g. A.
tritici(anthracnose) on
wheat and A. horde' on barley; Bipolan:s and Drechslera spp. (teleomorph:
Cochliobolusspp.)
on corn (e.g. D. maydis), cereals (e.g. B. sorokiniana: spot blotch), rice
(e.g. B. oryzae) and
turfs; Blumeria (formerly Elysiphe) gramint:s (powdery mildew) on cereals
(e.g. on wheat or
barley); Bottytt:s cinerea (teleomorph: Bottyotinia fuckeliana: grey mold) on
fruits and berries
(e.g. strawberries), vegetables (e.g. lettuce, carrots, celery and cabbages),
rape, flowers, vines,
forestry plants and wheat; Bremia lactucae (downy mildew) on lettuce;
Ceratocysgs (syn.
Ophiostoma) spp. (rot or wilt) on broad-leaved trees and evergreens, e.g. C.
u/mi(Dutch elm
disease) on elms; Cercospora spp. (Cercospora leaf spots) on corn, rice, sugar
beets (e.g. C.
bet/co/a), sugar cane, vegetables, coffee, soybeans (e.g. C. sojina or C.
ktkuchit) and rice;
Cladosporium spp. on tomatoes (e.g. C. fulvum: leaf mold) and cereals, e.g. C.
herbarum (black
ear) on wheat; Claviceps purpurea (ergot) on cereals; Cochliobolus (anamorph:
Helminthosporium of Bipolaris) spp. (leaf spots) on corn (C. carbonum),
cereals (e.g. C. sativus,
anamorph: B. sorokiniana) and rice (e.g. C. mt:yabeanus, anamorph: H. oryzae);
Colletotrichum
(teleomorph: Glomerella) spp. (anthracnose) on cotton (e.g. C. gossypit), corn
(e.g. C.
graminicola), soft fruits, potatoes (e.g. C. coccodes: black dot), beans (e.g.
C. lindemuthianum)
and soybeans (e.g. C. truncatum or C. gloeosporioides); Corticiumspp., e.g. C.
sasakii(sheath
blight) on rice; Coynespora cassiicola (leaf spots) on soybeans and
ornamentals; Cycloconium
spp., e.g. C. oleaginum on olive trees; Cylindrocarpon spp. (e. g. fruit tree
canker or young vine
decline, teleomorph: Nectria or Neonectria spp.) on fruit trees, vines (e.g.
C. liriodendri,
teleomorph: Neonectria liriodendri: Black Foot Disease) and ornamentals;
Dematophora
(teleomorph: Rose///n/a) necatrix (root and stem rot) on soybeans;
Diaporthespp., e.g. D.
phaseolorum (damping off) on soybeans; Drechslera (syn. Helminthosporium,
teleomorph:
Pyrenophora) spp. on corn, cereals, such as barley (e.g. D. teres, net blotch)
and wheat (e.g. D.
tritici-repentIS: tan spot), rice and turf; Esca (dieback, apoplexy) on vines,
caused by
Formitiporia (syn. Phellinus) punctata, F. mediterranea, Phaeomoniella
chlamydospora (earlier
Phaeoacremonium chlamydosporum), Phaeoacremonium aleophllum and/or
Bottyosphaeria
obtusa; Elsinoespp. on pome fruits (E. pyrt), soft fruits (E. veneta:
anthracnose) and vines (E.
ampelina: anthracnose); Entyloma oryzae (leaf smut) on rice; Epicoccumspp.
(black mold) on
wheat; Elysiphespp. (powdery mildew) on sugar beets (E. betae), vegetables
(e.g. E. pist),
such as cucurbits (e. g. E. cichoracearum), cabbages, rape (e.g. E.
cruciferarum); Eutypa lata
(Eutypa canker or dieback, anamorph: Cytosporina lata, syn. bbertella
blepharis) on fruit trees,
vines and ornamental woods; Exserohilum (syn. Helminthosporium) spp. on corn
(e.g. E.
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42
turcicum); Fusarium (teleomorph: Gibberella) spp. (wilt, root or stem rot) on
various plants, such
as F. graminearum or F. culmorum (root rot, scab or head blight) on cereals
(e.g. wheat or
barley), F. oxysporum on tomatoes, F. so/an! (f. sp. glycines now syn. F.
virguliforme) and F.
tucumaniae and F. brasiliense each causing sudden death syndrome on soybeans,
and F.
.. verticillioides on corn; Gaeumannomyces gramint:s (take-all) on cereals
(e.g. wheat or barley)
and corn; Gibberella spp. on cereals (e.g. G. zeae) and rice (e.g. G.
fufikuroi: Bakanae disease);
Glomerella cingulata on vines, pome fruits and other plants and G. gossypi i
on cotton; Grain-
staining complex on rice; Guignardia bidwellii (black rot) on vines;
Gymnosporangiumspp. on
rosaceous plants and junipers, e.g. G. sabinae (rust) on pears;
Helminthosporiumspp. (syn.
Drechslera, teleomorph: Cochliobolus) on corn, cereals and rice; Hemileiaspp.,
e.g. H. vastatnX
(coffee leaf rust) on coffee; Isariopst:s clavispora (syn. Cladosporium vitis)
on vines;
Macrophomina phaseolina (syn. phaseolt) (root and stem rot) on soybeans and
cotton;
Microdochium (syn. Fusarium) nivale (pink snow mold) on cereals (e.g. wheat or
barley);
Microsphaera diffusa (powdery mildew) on soybeans; Moniliniaspp., e.g. M.
laxa, M. fructicola
and M. fructigena (bloom and twig blight, brown rot) on stone fruits and other
rosaceous plants;
Mycosphaerellaspp. on cereals, bananas, soft fruits and ground nuts, such as
e.g. M.
graminicola (anamorph: Septoria tritici, Septoria blotch) on wheat or M.
fijienst:s (black Sigatoka
disease) on bananas; Peronospora spp. (downy mildew) on cabbage (e.g. P.
brassicae), rape
(e.g. P. parasitica), onions (e.g. P. destructor), tobacco (P. tabacina) and
soybeans (e.g. P.
manshurica); Phakopsora pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae (soybean rust) on
soybeans;
Phialophora spp. e.g. on vines (e.g. P. tracheiphila and P. tetraspora) and
soybeans (e.g. P.
gregata: stem rot); Phoma lingam (root and stem rot) on rape and cabbage and
P. betae (root
rot, leaf spot and damping-off) on sugar beets; Phomopst:sspp. on sunflowers,
vines (e.g. P.
viticola: can and leaf spot) and soybeans (e.g. stem rot: P. phaseoli,
teleomorph: Diaporthe
phaseolorum); Physoderma maydt:s (brown spots) on corn; Phytophthora spp.
(wilt, root, leaf,
fruit and stem root) on various plants, such as paprika and cucurbits (e.g. P.
capsict), soybeans
(e.g. P. megasperma, syn. P. sojae), potatoes and tomatoes (e.g. P. infestans:
late blight) and
broad-leaved trees (e.g. P. ramorum: sudden oak death); Plasmodiophora
brassicae (club root)
on cabbage, rape, radish and other plants; Plasmopara spp., e.g. P. viticola
(grapevine downy
mildew) on vines and P. halstedi i on sunflowers; Podosphaera spp. (powdery
mildew) on
rosaceous plants, hop, pome and soft fruits, e.g. P. leucotricha on apples;
Polymyxaspp., e.g.
on cereals, such as barley and wheat (P. graminis) and sugar beets (P. betae)
and thereby
transmitted viral diseases; Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (eyespot,
teleomorph: Tapesia
yallundae) on cereals, e.g. wheat or barley; Pseudoperonospora (downy mildew)
on various
plants, e.g. P. cubenst:s on cucurbits or P. humili on hop; Pseudopezicula
tracheiphila (red fire
disease or ,rotbrenner', anamorph: Phialophora) on vines; Puccinia spp.
(rusts) on various
plants, e.g. P. triticina (brown or leaf rust), P. stniformIS (stripe or
yellow rust), P. hordei(dwarf
rust), P. gramint:s (stem or black rust) or P. recondita (brown or leaf rust)
on cereals, such as
e.g. wheat, barley or rye, and asparagus (e.g. P. asparagt); Pyrenophora
(anamorph:
Drechslera) tritici-repentIS (tan spot) on wheat or P. teres (net blotch) on
barley; Pyricularia spp.,
e.g. P. olyzae (teleomorph: Magnaporthe gn:sea, rice blast) on rice and P.
gn:sea on turf and
cereals; Pythiumspp. (damping-off) on turf, rice, corn, wheat, cotton, rape,
sunflowers, soy-
beans, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants (e.g. P. ultirnum or
P. aphani-
dermatum); Ramulariaspp., e.g. R. collo-cygni(Ramularia leaf spots,
Physiological leaf spots)
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43
on barley and R. bet/cola on sugar beets; Rhizoctonia spp. on cotton, rice,
potatoes, turf, corn,
rape, potatoes, sugar beets, vegetables and various other plants, e.g. R.
so/an/ (root and stem
rot) on soybeans, R. so/ani(sheath blight) on rice or R. cerealtS (Rhizoctonia
spring blight) on
wheat or barley; Rhizopus stolonifer (black mold, soft rot) on strawberries,
carrots, cabbage,
vines and tomatoes; Rhynchosporium secaltS (scald) on barley, rye and
triticale; Sarocladium
olyzae and S. attenuatum (sheath rot) on rice; Sclerotinia spp. (stem rot or
white mold) on
vegetables and field crops, such as rape, sunflowers (e.g. S. sclerotiorum)
and soybeans (e.g.
S. rolfsi i or S. sclerotbrum); Septoria spp. on various plants, e.g. S.
glycines (brown spot) on
soybeans, S. tritici(Septoria blotch) on wheat and S. (syn. Stagonospora)
nodorum
(Stagonospora blotch) on cereals; Uncinula (syn. Erysiphe) necator(powdery
mildew,
anamorph: O/d/um tuckert) on vines; Setospaeria spp. (leaf blight) on corn
(e.g. S. turcicum,
syn. Helminthosporium turcicum) and turf; Sphacelotheca spp. (smut) on corn,
(e.g. S. re/liana:
head smut), sorghum und sugar cane; Sphaerotheca fuliginea (powdery mildew) on
cucurbits;
Spongospora subterranea (powdery scab) on potatoes and thereby transmitted
viral diseases;
Stagonospora spp. on cereals, e.g. S. nodorum (Stagonospora blotch,
teleomorph:
Leptosphaeria [syn. Phaeosphaeria] nodorum) on wheat; Synchytrium endobioticum
on
potatoes (potato wart disease); Taphrina spp., e.g. T. deformans (leaf curl
disease) on peaches
and T. pruni (plum pocket) on plums; Thielaviopst:s spp. (black root rot) on
tobacco, pome fruits,
vegetables, soybeans and cotton, e.g. T. bas/cola (syn. Chalara elegans);
Tilletia spp. (common
bunt or stinking smut) on cereals, such as e.g. T. tr/t/c/(syn. T. caries,
wheat bunt) and T.
controversa (dwarf bunt) on wheat; Typhula incamata (grey snow mold) on barley
or wheat;
UrocysttS spp., e.g. U. occulta (stem smut) on rye; Uromycesspp. (rust) on
vegetables, such as
beans (e.g. U. appendiculatus, syn. U. phaseolt) and sugar beets (e.g. U.
betae); Ustilagospp.
(loose smut) on cereals (e.g. U. nuda and U. avaenae), corn (e.g. U. mayd1S:
corn smut) and
sugar cane; Venturia spp. (scab) on apples (e. g. V. inaequalis) and pears;
and Verticillium spp.
(wilt) on various plants, such as fruits and ornamentals, vines, soft fruits,
vegetables and field
crops, e.g. V. dahliae on strawberries, rape, potatoes and tomatoes.
Pesticidal mixture D is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp. , Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Pesticidal mixture E has an synergistic fungicidal effect on at least one of
the following species:
Rhizoctonia sp., Colletotrichum sp. , Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis
sp.; Diplodia
sp. ; Pythium sp., Phytophthora sp. Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture D
is applied in an
effective amount which has an synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora
infestans.
Pesticidal mixture F is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture F is applied in an effective amount
which has an
.. synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture G is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
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Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture G is applied in an effective amount
which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture H is preferably applied in an effective amount which has an
synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture H is applied in an effective amount
which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture Al is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
an synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture Al is applied in an effective amount
which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture A1.1 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
an synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
.Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture A1.1 is applied in an effective
amount which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture A1.2 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
an synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture A1.2 is applied in an effective amount
which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture A2 is preferably applied in an effective amount which has
an synergistic
fungicidal effect on at least one of the following species: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Colletotrichum sp.,
Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp. ; Pythium sp.,
Phytophthora sp.
Even more preferred, pesticidal mixture A2 is applied in an effective amount
which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture(s)I.1, 1.2 and 1.3 are preferably applied in an effective
amount which has a
synergistic fungicidal effect on at least one of the following organisms:
Rhizoctonia sp.,
Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp.
; Phytophthora
sp., Sclerotinia sp., in particular on Rhizoctonia sp, or Fusarium sp, or
both. Even more
preferred, pesticidal mixture 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 are applied in an effective
amount which has an
synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Pesticidal mixture(s) J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4 are preferably applied in an
effective amount which
have a synergistic fungicidal effect on at least one of the following
organisms: Rhizoctonia sp.,
Fusarium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Cercospora sp., Phomopsis sp.; Diplodia sp.
; Phytophthora
sp., Sclerotinia sp., in particular on Rhizoctonia sp, or Fusarium sp, or
both. Even more
preferred, pesticidal mixture J.1, J.2, J.3 and J.4 are applied in an
effective amount which has
an synergistic insecticidal effen on Phytophtora infestans.
Formulations
The mixtures according to the present invention can be converted into the
customary
formulations, for example solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders,
pastes and
granules. The use form depends on the particular intended purpose; in each
case, it should
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ensure a fine and even distribution of the compounds of the mixtures according
to the invention.
Therefore the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising
an auxiliary and a
mixture according to the invention, i.e. a mixture of at least one compound I
of formula I and of
at least one compound II according to the present invention.The auxiliary is
preferably selected
5 from the group consisting of surfactants, anti-freezing agents, binders,
and pigments, and is
particularly preferably a surfactant or a binder. An agrochemical composition
comprises a
pesticidally effective amount of a pesticidal mixture. The term "effective
amount" denotes an
amount of the composition or of the mixture, which is sufficient for
controlling harmful pests on
cultivated plants or in the protection of materials and which does not result
in a substantial
10 damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range
and is dependent on
various factors, such as the animal pests species to be con-trolled, the
treated cultivated plant
or material, the climatic conditions and the specific mixture used.
The mixtures according to the present invention can be converted into
customary types of agro-
chemical compositions, e. g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts,
powders, pastes, gran-
15 ules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof. Examples for
composition types are suspen-
sions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g.
EW, EO, ES, ME),
capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP,
SP, WS, DP,
DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g. WG, SG, GR, FG, GG, MG),
insecticidal arti-
cles (e.g. LN), as well as gel formulations for the treatment of plant
propagation materials such
20 as seeds (e.g. GF). These and further compositions types are defined in
the "Catalogue of pes-
ticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical Monograph
No. 2, 6th Ed.
May 2008, CropLife International.
The compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet
and Grube-
mann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001; or Knowles, New
developments in
25 crop protection product formulation, Agrow Reports D5243, T&F lnforma,
London, 2005.
Examples for suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid
carriers or fillers, surfactants,
dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration
enhancers, protective
colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants,
feeding stimulants,
compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents,
colorants, tackifiers and
30 binders.
Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as
mineral oil frac-
tions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of
vegetable or animal origin;
aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin,
tetrahydronaphthalene, alky-
lated naphthalenes; alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol,
cyclohexanol; gly-
35 cols; DMSO; ketones, e.g. cyclohexanone; esters, e.g. lactates,
carbonates, fatty acid esters,
gamma-butyrolactone; fatty acids; phosphonates; amines; amides, e.g. N-
methylpyrrolidone,
fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica
gels, talc, kaolins, lime-
40 stone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite,
calcium sulfate, magnesium
sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch;
fertilizers, e.g. ammonium
sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable
origin, e.g. ce-
real meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
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Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic,
nonionic and am-
photeric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof.
Such surfactants
can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration
enhancer, protective col-
loid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1:
Emulsifiers & De-
tergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or
North American
Ed.).
Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of
sulfonates, sulfates,
phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof. Examples of sulfonates are
alkylarylsulfonates,
diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of
fatty acids and oils,
sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated arylphenols,
sulfonates of con-
densed naphthalenes, sulfonates of dodecyl- and tridecylbenzenes, sulfonates
of naphthalenes
and alkyl-inaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates. Examples of
sulfates are
sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of
ethoxylated alcohols,
or of fatty acid esters. Examples of phosphates are phosphate esters. Examples
of carboxylates
are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides,
amine oxides,
esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
Examples of
alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides,
arylphenols, fatty
acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 51
equivalents. Ethylene oxide
and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably
ethylene oxide. Exam-
ples of N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty
acid alkanolamides.
Examples of esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
Examples of sugar-
based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose
esters or alkyl-
polyglucosides. Examples of polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of
vinylpyrrolidone,
vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example
quaternary ammonium
compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary
amines. Suitable
amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines. Suitable block
polymers are block
polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and
polypropylene
oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and
polypropylene oxide.
Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids
are alkali salts of
polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are
polyvinylamines or poly-
ethyleneamines.
Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no
pesticidal activity
themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the compound I or
II or the
mixture according to the invention on the target. Examples are surfactants,
mineral or vegetable
oils, and other auxilaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants
and additives,
Agrow Reports D5256, T&F lnforma UK, 2006, chapter 5.
Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum,
carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic
clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as
alkylisothiazolinones
and benzisothiazolinones.
Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and
glycerin.
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Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of
fatty acids.
Suitable colorants (e.g. in red, blue, or green) are pigments of low water
solubility and water-
soluble dyes. Examples are inorganic colorants (e.g. iron oxide, titan oxide,
iron hexacyanofer-
rate) and organic colorants (e.g. alizarin-, azo- and phthalocyanine
colorants).
Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidons, polyvinylacetates,
polyvinyl alcohols,
polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
Examples for composition types and their preparation are:
i) Water-soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
10-60 wt% of a a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
and 5-15 wt%
wetting agent (e.g. alcohol alkoxylates) are dissolved in water and/or in a
water-soluble solvent
(e.g. alcohols) up to 100 wt%. The active substance dissolves upon dilution
with water.
ii) Dispersible concentrates (DC)
5-25 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
and 1-10 wt%
dispersant (e. g. polyvinylpyrrolidone) are dissolved in up to 100 wt% organic
solvent (e.g.
cyclohexanone). Dilution with water gives a dispersion.
iii) Emulsifiable concentrates (EC)
15-70 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
and 5-10 wt%
emulsifiers (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate)
are dissolved in up
to 100 wt% water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon).
Dilution with water
gives an emulsion.
iv) Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
5-40 wt% of a a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
and 1-10 wt%
emulsifiers (e.g. calcium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and castor oil ethoxylate)
are dissolved in
20-40 wt% water-insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon). This
mixture is
introduced into up to 100 wt% water by means of an emulsifying machine and
made into a
homogeneous emulsion. Dilution with water gives an emulsion.
v) Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
In an agitated ball mill, 20-60 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture
according to the
invention are comminuted with addition of 2-10 wt% dispersants and wetting
agents (e.g.
sodium lignosulfonate and alcohol ethoxylate), 0,1-2 wt% thickener (e.g.
xanthan gum) and up
to 100 wt% water to give a fine active substance suspension. Dilution with
water gives a stable
suspension of the active substance. For FS type composition up to 40 wt%
binder (e.g.
polyvinylalcohol) is added.
vi) Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
50-80 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
are ground finely
with addition of up to 100 wt% dispersants and wetting agents (e.g. sodium
lignosulfonate and
alcohol ethoxylate) and prepared as water-dispersible or water-soluble
granules by means of
technical appliances (e. g. extrusion, spray tower, fluidized bed). Dilution
with water gives a
stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
vii) Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)
50-80 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
are ground in a
rotor-stator mill with addition of 1-5 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium
lignosulfonate), 1-3 wt%
wetting agents (e.g. alcohol ethoxylate) and up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g.
silica gel. Dilution
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with water gives a stable dispersion or solution of the active substance.
viii) Gel (GW, GF)
In an agitated ball mill, 5-25 wt% of a compound I or II or a mixture
according to the invention
are comminuted with addition of 3-10 wt% dispersants (e.g. sodium
lignosulfonate), 1-5 wt%
thickener (e.g. carboxymethylcellulose) and up to 100 wt% water to give a fine
suspension of
the active substance. Dilution with water gives a stable suspension of the
active substance.
ix) Microemulsion (ME)
5-20 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
are added to 5-30
wt% organic solvent blend (e.g. fatty acid dimethylamide and cyclohexanone),
10-25 wt%
surfactant blend (e.g. alkohol ethoxylate and arylphenol ethoxylate), and
water up to 100 %.
This mixture is stirred for 1 h to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically
stable
microemulsion.
x) Microcapsules (CS)
An oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture
according to the
invention, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic
hydrocarbon), 2-15 wt%
acrylic monomers (e.g. methylmethacrylate, methacrylic acid and a di- or
triacrylate) are
dispersed into an aqueous solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl
alcohol). Radical
polymerization initiated by a radical initiator results in the formation of
poly(meth)acrylate
microcapsules. Alternatively, an oil phase comprising 5-50 wt% of a compound I
according to
the invention, 0-40 wt% water insoluble organic solvent (e.g. aromatic
hydrocarbon), and an
isocyanate monomer (e.g. diphenylmethene-4,4'-diisocyanatae) are dispersed
into an aqueous
solution of a protective colloid (e.g. polyvinyl alcohol). The addition of a
polyamine (e.g.
hexamethylenediamine) results in the formation of a polyurea microcapsules.
The monomers
amount to 1-10 wt%. The wt% relate to the total CS composition.
xi) Dustable powders (DP, DS)
1-10 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
are ground finely and
mixed intimately with up to 100 wt% solid carrier, e.g. finely divided kaolin.
xii) Granules (GR, FG)
0.5-30 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
is ground finely and
associated with up to 100 wt% solid carrier (e.g. silicate). Granulation is
achieved by extrusion,
spray-drying or the fluidized bed.
xiii) Ultra-low volume liquids (UL)
1-50 wt% of a component (I) or (II) or a mixture according to the invention
are dissolved in up to
100 wt% organic solvent, e.g. aromatic hydrocarbon.
The compositions types i) to xiii) may optionally comprise further
auxiliaries, such as 0,1-1
wt% bactericides, 5-15 wt% anti-freezing agents, 0,1-1 wt% anti-foaming
agents, and 0,1-1 wt%
colorants.
The agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%,
preferably between
0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active
substance. The active
substances are employed in a purity of from 90% to 100%, preferably from 95%
to 100% (ac-
cording to NMR spectrum).
Water-soluble concentrates (LS), Suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates
(FS), powders
for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS),
water-soluble
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powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are
usually
employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials,
particularly seeds. The
compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active substance
concentrations of
from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40% by weight, in the ready-
to-use
preparations. Application can be carried out before or during sowing. Methods
for applying or
treating compound I or II or a mixture according to the invention and
compositions thereof,
respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include
dressing, coating,
pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the
propagation material.
Preferably, compound I or the compositions thereof, respectively, are applied
on to the plant
propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g.
by seed dressing,
pelleting, coating and dusting.
When employed in plant protection, the amounts of active substances applied
are, depending
on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 2 kg per ha, preferably from
0.001 to 1 kg per ha,
more preferably from 0.005 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.005 to 0.5
kg per ha.
In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e. g. by dusting,
coating or drenching
seed, amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 0.1
to 300 g, more
preferably from 0.1 to 100 g and most preferably from 0.25 to 100 g, per 100
kilogram of plant
propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
When used in the protection of materials or stored products, the amount of
active substance
.. applied depends on the kind of application area and on the desired effect.
Amounts customarily
applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g
to 1 kg, of active
substance per cubic meter of treated material.
Various types of oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and
other pesticides (e.g.
herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners,
biopesticides) may be added to
the active substances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if
appropriate not until
immediately prior to use (tank mix). These agents can be admixed with the
compositions
according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1:100 to 100:1, preferably
1:10 to 10:1.
The user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a
predosage device, a
.. knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
Usually, the
agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further
auxiliaries to the desired
application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the
agrochemical composition
according to the invention is thus obtained. Usually, 20 to 2000 liters,
preferably 50 to 400 liters,
of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural
useful area.
According to one embodiment, individual components of the composition
according to the
invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may
be mixed by the user
himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition
according to the
invention or partially premixed components, e. g. components comprising
compounds I and/or
active substances, e.g. from the groups M or F, may be mixed by the user in a
spray tank and
further auxiliaries and additives may be added, if appropriate.
In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition
according to the
invention or partially premixed components, e. g. components comprising
compounds I and/or
active substances from the group M or F, can be applied jointly (e.g. after
tank mix) or
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consecutively.
In a further embodiment, either individual components of the composition
according to the
invention or partially premixed components, e. g. components comprising
componend (I) and/or
componend (II), and/or active substances from the group M or F, can be applied
jointly (e.g.
5 after tank mix) or consecutively.
Further active ingredients
Another aspect of the present invention is when preparing the mixtures, it is
preferred to employ
the mixture according to the invention or pure active compounds (I) and (II),
to which further
10 active compounds, e.g. against harmful fungi or having herbicidal
activity, or growth-regulating
agents or fertilizers can be added, as described above for compounds (III).
Applications
Due to their excellent activity, the mixtures according to the invention may
be used for
15 controlling invertebrate pests and fungi.
The compounds I and the one or more compound(s) II can be applied
simultaneously, that is
jointly or separately, or in succession, that is immediately one after another
and thereby creating
the mixture "in-situ" on the desired location, as e.g. the plant, the
sequence, in the case of
separate application, generally not having any effect on the result of the
control measures.
20 The mixtures according to the invention are effective through both
contact and ingestion.
The mixtures according to the invention can be applied to any and all
developmental stages,
such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting
the target pest,
its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally
effective amount of the
inventive mixtures or of compositions comprising the mixtures.
25 According to a preferred embodiment, the mixtures according to the
invention are used in crop
protection, especially for the protection of living plants.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the mixtures
according to the
present invention are employed via soil application. Soil application is
especially favorable for
use against ants, termites, crickets, or cockroaches.
30 .. According to another embodiment of the invention, for use against non
crop pests such as ants,
termites, wasps, flies, mosquitoes, crickets, locusts, or cockroaches the
mixtures according to
the present invention are prepared into a bait preparation.
The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g. a gel).
The animal pest (also referred to as "invertebrate pest"), i.e. the insects,
arachnids and
35 nematodes, the plant, soil or water in which the plant is growing can be
contacted with the
mixtures according to the invention or composition(s) comprising them by any
application
method known in the art. As such, "contacting" includes both direct contact
(applying the
compounds/compositions directly on the animal pest or plant - typically to the
foliage, stem or
roots of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the
compounds/mixtures/compositions to the
40 locus of the animal pest or plant).
The mixtures according to the invention or the pesticidal compositions
comprising them may be
used to protect growing plants and crops from attack or infestation by animal
pests, especially
insects, acaridae or arachnids by contacting the plant/crop with a
pesticidally effective amount
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of the mixtures according to the invention. The term "crop" refers both to
growing and harvested
crops.
The mixtures according to the invention and the compositions comprising them
are particularly
important in the control of a multitude of insects on various cultivated
plants, such as cereal,
root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices, ornamentals, for example seed of
durum and other
wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and
field corn),
soybeans, oil crops, crucifers, cotton, sunflowers, bananas, rice, oilseed
rape, turnip rape,
sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants, potatoes, grass, lawn, turf, fodder grass,
tomatoes, leeks,
pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumbers, melons, Brassica
species,
melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tuberous plants such as
potatoes, sugar cane,
tobacco, grapes, petunias, geranium/pelargoniums, pansies and impatiens.
Particularly preferred is the application of the mixtures according to the
invention and the
compositions comprising them on rice. Particularly preferred is the
application of the mixtures
according to the invention and the compositions comprising them on soybeans.
Particularly
preferred is the application of the mixtures according to the invention and
the compositions
comprising them on corn.
Also preferred is the application of the mixtures according to the invention,
especially the
mixtures A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J and T, as individualized herein, e.g. in
Table T, on specialty
crops like fruits and vegetables. In one embodiment thereof, the application
is on fruiting
vegetables, and especially on tomato, on pepper or on eggplant.
In another embodiment thereof, the application is on leafy vegetables, and
especially on
cabbage or on lettuce.
In still another embodiment thereof, the application is on tubers (tuber
vegetables), and
especially on potato or on onion.
The mixtures according to the invention are employed as such or in form of
compositions by
treating the insects or the plants, plant propagation materials, such as
seeds, soil, surfaces,
materials or rooms to be protected from insecticidal attack with an
insecticidally effective
amount of the active compounds. The application can be carried out both before
and after the
infection of the plants, plant propagation materials, such as seeds, soil,
surfaces, materials or
rooms by the insects.
The present invention also includes a method of combating animal pests which
comprises
contacting the animal pests, their habitat, breeding ground, food supply,
cultivated plants, seed,
soil, area, material or environment in which the animal pests are growing or
may grow, or the
materials, plants, seeds, soils, surfaces or spaces to be protected from
animal attack or
infestation with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture of at least one
active component (I)
and at least one active component (II).
Moreover, animal pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its
food supply, habitat,
breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of a mixture
according to the
invention. As such, the application may be carried out before or after the
infection of the locus,
growing crops, or harvested crops by the pest.
The mixtures according to the invention can also be applied preventively to
places at which
occurrence of the pests is expected.
The mixtures according to the invention may be also used to protect growing
plants from attack
or infestation by pests by contacting the plant with a pesticidally effective
amount of mixtures
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according to the invention. As such, "contacting" includes both direct contact
(applying the
compounds/compositions directly on the pest and/or plant - typically to the
foliage, stem or roots
of the plant) and indirect contact (applying the mixtures according to the
invention /compositions
to the locus of the pest and/or plant).
"Locus" means a habitat, breeding ground, plant, seed, soil, area, material or
environment in
which a pest or parasite is growing or may grow.
The term "plant propagation material" is to be understood to denote all the
generative parts of
the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and
tubers (e. g.
potatoes), which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This
includes seeds, roots,
fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants.
Seedlings and young
plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from
soil, may also be
included. These plant propagation materials may be treated prophylactically
with a plant
protection compound either at or before planting or transplanting.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood as including plants which
have been modified
by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering. Genetically modified plants
are plants, the
genetic material of which has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA
techniques that
under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding,
mutations or natural
recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the
genetic material of a
genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the
plant. Such genetic
modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional
modification of
protein(s) (oligo- or polypeptides) for example by glycosylation or polymer
additions such as
prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties(e.g. as
disclosed in Biotechnol
Prog. 2001 Jul-Aug;17(4):720-8., Protein Eng Des Sel. 2004 Jan;17(1):57-66,
Nat Protoc.
2007;2(5): 1225-35., Curr Opin Chem Biol. 2006 Oct;10(5):487-91. Epub 2006 Aug
28.,
Biomaterials. 2001 Mar;22(5):405-17, Bioconjug Chem. 2005 Jan-Feb;16(1):113-
21).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
have been rendered
tolerant to applications of specific classes of herbicides, such as hydroxy-
phenylpyruvate
dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors; acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, such as
sulfonyl ureas
(see e. g. US 6,222,100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390, WO 97/ 41218, WO 98/02526,
WO
98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO 03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO
04/16073) or imidazolinones (see e. g. US 6222100, WO 01/82685, WO 00/26390,
WO
97/41218, WO 98/02526, WO 98/02527, WO 04/106529, WO 05/20673, WO 03/14357, WO
03/13225, WO 03/14356, WO 04/16073); enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase
(EPSPS)
inhibitors, such as glyphosate (see e. g. WO 92/00377); glutamine synthetase
(GS) inhibitors,
such as glufosinate (see e. g. EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246) or oxynil herbicides
(see e. g. US
5,559,024) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic
engineering. Several
cultivated plants have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by conventional
methods of
breeding (mutagenesis), for example Clearfield summer rape (Canola) being
tolerant to
imidazolinones, e. g. imazamox. Genetic engineering methods have been used to
render
cultivated plants, such as soybean, cotton, corn, beets and rape, tolerant to
herbicides, such as
glyphosate and glufosinate, some of which are commercially available under the
trade names
RoundupReady (glyphosate) and LibertyLink (glufosinate).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
are by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more insecticidal
proteins,
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especially those known from the bacterial genus Bacillus, particularly from
Bacillus
thuringiensis, such as a-endotoxins, e. g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), Cryl F,
CryIF(a2), Cryl IA(b),
CryIIIA, CryIIIB(b1) or Cry9c; vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e. g.
VIP1, VIP2, VIP3 or
VIP3A; insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonizing nematodes, for example
Photorhabdus spp.
or Xenorhabdus spp.; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins,
arachnid toxins,
wasp toxins, or other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi,
such
Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea or barley lectins;
agglutinins; proteinase
inhibitors, such as trypsin inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin,
cystatin or papain
inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP,
abrin, luffin, saporin or
bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase,
ecdysteroid-IDP-
glycosyl-transferase, cholesterol oxidases, ecdysone inhibitors or HMG-CoA-
reductase; ion
channel blockers, such as blockers of sodium or calcium channels; juvenile
hormone esterase;
diuretic hormone receptors (helicokinin receptors); stilben synthase, bibenzyl
synthase,
chitinases or glucanases. In the context of the present invention these
insecticidal proteins or
.. toxins are to be understood expressly also as pre-toxins, hybrid proteins,
truncated or otherwise
modified proteins. Hybrid proteins are characterized by a new combination of
protein domains,
(see, for example WO 02/015701). Further examples of such toxins or
genetically-modified
plants capable of synthesizing such toxins are dis-closed, for example, in EP-
A 374 753, WO
93/007278, WO 95/34656, EP-A 427 529, EP-A 451 878, WO 03/018810 und WO
03/052073.
.. The methods for producing such genetically modified plants are generally
known to the person
skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications
mentioned above. These
insecticidal proteins contained in the genetically modified plants impart to
the plants producing
these proteins protection from harmful pests from certain taxonomic groups of
arthropods,
particularly to beetles (Coleoptera), flies (Diptera), and butterflies and
moths (Lepidoptera) and
to plant parasitic nematodes (Nematoda).
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
are by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to
increase the
resistance or tolerance of those plants to bacterial, viral or fungal
pathogens. Examples of such
proteins are the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PR proteins, see,
for example EP-A
0 392 225), plant disease resistance genes (for example potato cultivars,
which express
resistance genes acting against Phytophthora infestans derived from the
mexican wild potato
Solanum bulbocastanum) or T4-lyso-zym (e. g. potato cultivars capable of
synthesizing these
proteins with increased resistance against bacteria such as Erwinia amylvora).
The methods for
producing such genetically modified plants are generally known to the person
skilled in the art
.. and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
are by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques capable to synthesize one or more proteins to
increase the
productivity (e. g. bio mass production, grain yield, starch content, oil
content or protein
content), tolerance to drought, salinity or other growth-limiting environ-
mental factors or
tolerance to pests and fungal, bacterial or viral pathogens of those plants.
The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including plants that
contain by the use of
recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of substances of content or new
substances of
content, specifically to improve human or animal nutrition, for example oil
crops that produce
health-promoting long-chain omega-3 fatty acids or unsaturated omega-9 fatty
acids (e. g.
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Nexera rape). The term "cultivated plants" is to be understood also including
plants that
contain by the use of recombinant DNA techniques a modified amount of
substances of content
or new substances of content, specifically to improve raw material production,
for example
potatoes that produce increased amounts of amylopectin (e. g. Amflora
potato).
"Plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant which is determined by
several aspects
alone or in combination with each other.
One indicator for the condition of the plant is its "yield". Yield is to be
understood as any plant
product of economic value that is produced by the plant such as fruits,
vegetables, nuts, grains,
seeds, wood or even flowers. The plant products may in addition be further
utilized and/or
processed after harvesting. According to the present invention, "increased
yield" of a plant, in
particular of an agricultural, horticultural, silvicultural and/or ornamental
plant means that the
yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount
over the yield of
the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without
the application
of the composition of the invention. Increased yield can be characterized,
among others, by the
following improved properties of the plant and/or its products such as
increased weight,
increased height, increased biomass such as higher overall fresh weight,
higher grain yield,
more tillers, larger leaves, increased shoot growth, increased protein
content, increased oil
content, increased starch content and/or increased pigment content.
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is its "plant vigor".
According to the present invention, "increased plant vigor" of a plant, in
particular of an
agricultural, horticultural, silvicultural and/or ornamental plant means that
the vigor of a plant is
increased by a measurable amount over the vigor of the same plant under the
same conditions,
but without the application of the composition of the invention.
The plant vigor becomes manifest in several aspects such as improved vitality
of the plant,
improved plant growth, improved plant development, improved visual appearance,
improved
plant stand (less plant verse/lodging), better harvestability, improved
emergence, enhanced
nodulation in particular rhizobial nodulation, bigger size, bigger leaf blade,
increased plant
weight, increased plant height, increased tiller number, increased shoot
growth, increased root
growth (extensive root system), increased yield when grown on poor soils or
unfavorable
climate, enhanced photosynthetic activity, enhanced pigment content (for
example chlorophyll
content), earlier flowering, shorter flowering period, earlier fruiting,
earlier and improved
germination, earlier grain maturity, improved self-defence mechanisms,
improved stress
tolerance and resistance of the plants against biotic and abiotic stress
factors such as bacteria,
viruses, heat stress, cold stress, drought stress, UV stress and/or salt
stress, less non-
productive tillers, less dead basal leaves, less input needed (such as
fertilizers, water or
pesticides), greener leaves ("greening effect"), less premature stress-induced
ripening and less
fruit abscission, complete maturation under shortened vegetation periods,
longer and better
grain-filling, less seeds needed, easier harvesting (for example by induction
of leaf defoliation),
faster and more uniform ripening, induction of young fruit abscission ("fruit
thinning"), improved
storability, longer shelf-life, easier and more cost effective storage
conditions, longer panicles,
delay of senescence, stronger and/or more productive tillers, better
extractability of ingredients,
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improved quality of seeds (for being seeded in the following seasons for seed
production)
and/or reduced production of ethylene and/or the inhibition of its reception
by the plant.
The improvement of the plant vigor according to the present invention
particularly means that
the improvement of any one or several or all of the above mentioned plant
characteristics are
5 improved independently of the pesticidal action of the composition or
active ingredients.
Another indicator for the condition of the plant is the "quality" of a plant
and/or its products.
According to the present invention, "enhanced quality" means that certain crop
characteristics
such as the content or composition of certain ingredients are increased or
improved by a
10 measurable or noticeable amount over the same factor of the plant
produced under the same
conditions, but without the application of the composition of the present
invention.
The quality of a product of the respective plant becomes manifest in several
aspects such as
improved nutrient content, improved protein content, improved content of fatty
acids, improved
metabolite content, improved carotenoid content, improved sugar content,
improved amount of
15 essential amino acids, improved nutrient composition, improved protein
composition, improved
composition of fatty acids, improved metabolite composition, improved
carotenoid composition,
improved sugar composition, improved amino acids composition, improved or
optimal fruit color,
improved texture of fruits, improved leaf color, higher storage capacity
and/or higher
processability of the harvested products.
The above identified indicators for the health condition of a plant may be
interdependent and
may result from each other. For example, an increased resistance to biotic
and/or abiotic stress
may lead to a better plant vigor, e.g. to better and bigger crops, and thus to
an increased yield.
Inversely, a more developed root system may result in an increased resistance
to biotic and/or
abiotic stress. However, these interdependencies and interactions are neither
all known nor fully
understood and therefore the different indicators are described separately.
It has to be emphasized that the above mentioned effects of the composition
according to the
invention, i.e. enhanced health of the plant, are also present when the plant
is not under biotic
stress for example when the plant is not under fungal- or pest pressure. It is
evident that a plant
suffering from fungal or insecticidal attack produces a smaller biomass and a
smaller crop yield
as compared to a plant which has been subjected to curative or preventive
treatment against
the pathogenic fungus or pest and which can grow without the damage caused by
the biotic
stress factor. However, the method according to the invention leads to an
enhanced plant health
even in the absence of any biotic stress and in particular of any
phytopathogenic fungi or pest.
This means that the positive effects of the composition of the invention
cannot be explained just
by the pesticidal activities of the compounds of components (I) and (II), but
are based on further
activity profiles. But of course, plants under biotic stress can be treated,
too, according to the
methods of the present invention.
In general, "pesticidally effective amount" means the amount of active
ingredients or mixture
according to the invention needed to achieve an observable effect on growth,
including the
effects of necrosis, death, retardation, prevention, and removal, destruction,
or otherwise
diminishing the occurrence and activity of the target organism. The
pesticidally effective amount
can vary for the various mixtures/compositions used in the invention. A
pesticidally effective
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amount of the compositions will also vary according to the prevailing
conditions such as desired
pesticidal effect and duration, weather, target species, locus, mode of
application, and the like.
In the case of foliar treatment ,the quantity of active ingredient ranges from
0.0001 to 500 g per
100 m2, preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m2, or from 1 to 100 g per
hectare, preferably
from 10 to 50 g per hectare, or from 12 to 50 g per hectare, or from 10 to 30
g per hectare, or
from 20 to 40 g per hectare, or from 10 to 20 g per hectare, or from 20 to 30
g per hectare, or
from 30 to 40 g per hectare, or from 40 to 50 g per hectare.
In treatment of plant propagation materials such as seeds, e. g. by dusting,
coating or drenching
seed, amounts of active substance of from 0.1 to 1000 g, preferably from 0.1
to 300 g, more
preferably from 0.1 to 100 g and most preferably from 0.25 to 100 g, per 100
kilogram of plant
propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
In the case of soil treatment, the quantity of active ingredient ranges from
0.0001 to 500 g per
100 m2, preferably from 0.001 to 20 g per 100 m2.
Customary application rates in the protection of materials are, for example,
from 0.01 g to 1000
g of active compounds per m2treated material, desirably from 0.1 g to 50 g per
m2.
Insecticidal compositions for use in the impregnation of materials typically
contain from 0.001 to
95 weight %, preferably from 0.1 to 45 weight %, and more preferably from 1 to
25 weight % of
at least one repellent and/or insecticide.
The mixtures according to the invention are effective through both contact
(via soil, glass, wall,
bed net, carpet, plant parts or animal parts), and ingestion (bait, or plant
part).
The mixtures according to the invention may also be applied against non-crop
insect pests,
such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitos, crickets, or cockroaches. For
use against said
non-crop pests, the mixtures according to the invention are preferably used in
a bait
composition.
The bait can be a liquid, a solid or a semisolid preparation (e.g. a gel).
Solid baits can be formed
into various shapes and forms suitable to the respective application e.g.
granules, blocks,
sticks, disks. Liquid baits can be filled into various devices to ensure
proper application, e.g.
open containers, spray devices, droplet sources, or evaporation sources. Gels
can be based on
aqueous or oily matrices and can be formulated to particular necessities in
terms of stickyness,
moisture retention or aging characteristics.
The bait employed in the composition is a product, which is sufficiently
attractive to incite
insects such as ants, termites, wasps, flies, mosquitos, crickets etc. or
cockroaches to eat it.
The attractiveness can be manipulated by using feeding stimulants or sex
pheromones. Food
stimulants are chosen, for example, but not exclusively, from animal and/or
plant proteins
(meat-, fish- or blood meal, insect parts, egg yolk), from fats and oils of
animal and/or plant
origin, or mono-, oligo- or polyorganosaccharides, especially from sucrose,
lactose, fructose,
dextrose, glucose, starch, pectin or even molasses or honey. Fresh or decaying
parts of fruits,
crops, plants, animals, insects or specific parts thereof can also serve as a
feeding stimulant.
Sex pheromones are known to be more insect specific. Specific pheromones are
described in
the literature and are known to those skilled in the art.
For use in bait compositions, the typical content of active ingredients is
from 0.001 weight % to
15 weight %, desirably from 0.001 weight % to 5% weight % of active compounds.
Formulations of compounds of formula I or compounds II or mixtures according
to the invention
as aerosols (e.g in spray cans), oil sprays or pump sprays are highly suitable
for the non-
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professional user for controlling pests such as flies, fleas, ticks, mosquitos
or cockroaches.
Aerosol recipes are preferably composed of the active compound(s), solvents
such as lower
alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol), ketones (e.g. acetone,
methyl ethyl
ketone), paraffin hydrocarbons (e.g. kerosenes) having boiling ranges of
approximately 51 to
251 C, dimethylformamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, aromatic
hydrocarbons
such as toluene, xylene, water, furthermore auxiliaries such as emulsifiers
such as sorbitol
monooleate, ()leyl ethoxylate having 3-7 mol of ethylene oxide, fatty alcohol
ethoxylate, perfume
oils such as ethereal oils, esters of medium fatty acids with lower alcohols,
aromatic carbonyl
compounds, if appropriate stabilizers such as sodium benzoate, amphoteric
surfactants, lower
epoxides, triethyl orthoformate and, if required, propellants such as propane,
butane, nitrogen,
compressed air, dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or mixtures of
these gases.
The oil spray formulations differ from the aerosol recipes in that no
propellants are used.
For use in spray compositions, the content of active ingredient is from 0.001
to 80 weights %,
preferably from 0.01 to 50 weight % and most preferably from 0.01 to 15 weight
%.
.. The mixtures according to the invention respective their compositions can
also be used in
mosquito and fumigating coils, smoke cartridges, vaporizer plates or long-term
vaporizers and
also in moth papers, moth pads or other heat-independent vaporizer systems.
Methods to control infectious diseases transmitted by insects (e.g. malaria,
dengue and yellow
fever, lymphatic filariasis, and leishmaniasis) with mixtures according to the
invention and their
respective compositions also comprise treating surfaces of huts and houses,
air spraying and
impregnation of curtains, tents, clothing items, bed nets, tsetse-fly trap or
the like. Insecticidal
compositions for application to fibers, fabric, knitgoods, nonwovens, netting
material or foils and
tarpaulins preferably comprise a mixture including the insecticide, optionally
a repellent and at
least one binder. Suitable repellents for example are N,N-Diethyl-meta-
toluamide (DEET), N,N-
diethylphenylacetamide (D EPA), 1-(3-cyclohexan-1-yl-carbonyl)-2-
methylpiperine, (2-
hydroxymethylcyclohexyl) acetic acid lactone, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexandiol, indalone,
Methylneodecanamide (M N DA), a pyrethroid not used for insect control such as
{(+/-)-3-ally1-2-
methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-(+)-enyl-H-trans-chrysantemate (Esbiothrin), a
repellent derived from
or identical with plant extracts like limonene, eugenol, (+)-Eucamalol (1), (-
)-1-epi-eucamalol or
crude plant extracts from plants like Eucalyptus maculata, Vitex rotundifolia,
Cymbopogan
martinii, Cymbopogan citratus (lemon grass), Cymopogan nartdus (citronella).
Suitable binders
are selected for example from polymers and copolymers of vinyl esters of
aliphatic acids (such
as such as vinyl acetate and vinyl versatate), acrylic and methacrylic esters
of alcohols, such as
butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, and methyl acrylate, mono- and di-
ethylenically unsaturated
hydrocarbons, such as styrene, and aliphatic diens, such as butadiene.
The impregnation of curtains and bednets is done in general by dipping the
textile material into
emulsions or dispersions of the insecticide or spraying them onto the nets.
The pesticidal mixtures according to the invention and their compositions can
be used for
protecting wooden materials such as trees, board fences, sleepers, etc. and
buildings such as
houses, outhouses, factories, but also construction materials, furniture,
leathers, fibers, vinyl
articles, electric wires and cables etc. from ants and/or termites, and for
controlling ants and
termites from doing harm to crops or human being (e.g. when the pests invade
into houses and
public facilities). The mixtures according to the invention are applied not
only to the surrounding
soil surface or into the under-floor soil in order to protect wooden materials
but it can also be
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applied to lumbered articles such as surfaces of the under-floor concrete,
alcove posts, beams,
plywoods, furniture, etc., wooden articles such as particle boards, half
boards, etc. and vinyl
articles such as coated electric wires, vinyl sheets, heat insulating material
such as styrene
foams, etc. In case of application against ants doing harm to crops or human
beings, the ant
controller of the present invention is applied to the crops or the surrounding
soil, or is directly
applied to the nest of ants or the like.
Seed treatment
The pesticide mixtures according to the invention are also suitable for the
treatment of seeds in
order to protect the seed from insect pest, in particular from soil-living
insect pests and the
resulting plant's roots and shoots against soil pests and foliar insects.
The mixtures according to the invention are particularly useful for the
protection of the seed
from soil pests and the resulting plant's roots and shoots against soil pests
and foliar insects.
The protection of the resulting plant's roots and shoots is preferred. More
preferred is the
.. protection of resulting plant's shoots from piercing and sucking insects,
wherein the protection
from aphids is most preferred.
The present invention therefore comprises a method for the protection of seeds
from insects, in
particular from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from
insects, in particular from
soil and foliar insects, said method comprising contacting the seeds before
sowing and/or after
pregermination with mixtures according to the invention. Particularly
preferred is a method,
wherein the plant's roots and shoots are protected, more preferably a method,
wherein the
plants shoots are protected from piercing and sucking insects, most preferably
a method,
wherein the plants shoots are protected from aphids. Also preferred ist a
method, wherein the
plant's roots and shoots are protected from chewing and biting insects, most
preferably a
method, wherein the plants shoots and roots are protected from Lepidoptera
and/or Coleoptera,
most preferably wherein the plant shoots and roots are protected from rice
leaf beetle.
The term seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but
not limited to
true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corms, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains,
cuttings, ratoon, cut shoots
and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds. For sugar cane
the preferred
embodiments is ratoon.
The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known
in the art,
such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed
pelleting.
The present invention also comprises seeds coated with or containing the
active mixtures
according to the invention.
The term "coated with and/or containing" generally signifies that the active
ingredient is for the
most part on the surface of the propagation product at the time of
application, although a
greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the propagation
product, depending
on the method of application. When the said propagation product is
(re)planted, it may absorb
the active ingredient.
Suitable seed is seed of cereals, root crops, oil crops, vegetables, spices,
ornamentals, for
example seed of durum and other wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (fodder maize
and sugar
maize / sweet and field corn), soybeans, sugar cane, oil crops, crucifers,
cotton, sunflowers,
bananas, rice, oilseed rape, turnip rape, sugarbeet, fodder beet, eggplants,
potatoes, grass,
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lawn, turf, fodder grass, tomatoes, leeks, pumpkin/squash, cabbage, iceberg
lettuce, pepper,
cucumbers, melons, Brassica species, melons, beans, peas, garlic, onions,
carrots, tuberous
plants such as potatoes, sugar cane, tobacco, grapes, petunias,
geranium/pelargoniums,
pansies and impatiens.
Particularly preferred is the application of the mixtures according to the
invention and the
compositions comprising them on corn, soybean and sugar cane.
In addition, the active mixtures according to the invention may also be used
for the treatment of
seeds from plants, which tolerate the action of herbicides or fungicides or
insecticides owing to
breeding, including genetic engineering methods.
For example, the active mixtures according to the invention can be employed in
treatment of
seeds from plants, which are resistant to herbicides from the group consisting
of the
sulfonylureas, imidazolinones, glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate-
isopropylammonium and
analogous active substances (see for example, EP-A 242 236, EP-A 242 246) (WO
92/00377)
(EP-A 257 993, U.S. 5,013,659) or in transgenic crop plants, for example
cotton, with the
capability of producing Bacillus thuringiensis toxins (Bt toxins) which make
the plants resistant
to certain pests (EP-A 142 924, EP-A 193 259).
Furthermore, the active mixtures according to the invention can be used also
for the treatment
of seeds from plants, which have modified characteristics in comparison with
existing plants
consist, which can be generated for example by traditional breeding methods
and/or the
generation of mutants, or by recombinant procedures). For example, a number of
cases have
been described of recombinant modifications of crop plants for the purpose of
modifying the
starch synthesized in the plants (e.g. WO 92/11376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806)
or of
transgenic crop plants having a modified fatty acid composition (WO 91/13972).
The seed treatment application of the active compounds is carried out by
spraying or by dusting
the seeds before sowing of the plants and before emergence of the plants.
Compositions which are especially useful for seed treatment are e.g.:
A Soluble concentrates (SL, LS)
D Emulsions (EW, EO, ES)
E Suspensions (SC, OD, FS)
F Water-dispersible granules and water-soluble granules (WG, SG)
G Water-dispersible powders and water-soluble powders (WP, SP, WS)
H Gel-Formulations (GF)
I Dustable powders (DP, DS)
Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable
concentrates FS,
solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for
slurry treatment WS,
water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC and gel formulation GF. These
formulations can be applied to the seed diluted or undiluted. Application to
the seeds is carried
out before sowing, either directly on the seeds or after having pregerminated
the latter.
In a preferred embodiment a FS formulation is used for seed treatment.
Typcially, a FS
formulation may comprise 1-800 g/I of active ingredient, 1-200 g/I Surfactant,
0 to 200 g/I
antifreezing agent, 0 to 400 g/I of binder, 0 to 200 g/I of a pigment and up
to 1 liter of a solvent,
preferably water.
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Especially preferred FS formulations of compounds of formula!, compounds!! or
the mixtures
according to the invention, for seed treatment usually comprise from 0.1 to
80% by weight (1 to
800 g/1) of the active ingredient, from 0.1 to 20% by weight (1 to 200 g/1) of
at least one
surfactant, e.g. 0.05 to 5 % by weight of a wetter and from 0.5 to 15 % by
weight of a dispersing
5 agent, up to 20 % by weight, e.g. from 5 to 20 % of an anti-freeze agent,
from 0 to 15 % by
weight, e.g. 1 to 15 % by weight of a pigment and/or a dye, from 0 to 40 % by
weight, e.g. 1 to
40 % by weight of a binder (sticker /adhesion agent), optionally up to 5 % by
weight, e.g. from
0.1 to 5 % by weight of a thickener, optionally from 0.1 to 2 % of an anti-
foam agent, and
optionally a preservative such as a biocide, antioxidant or the like, e.g. in
an amount from 0.01
10 to 1 % by weight and a filler/vehicle up to 100% by weight.
Seed Treatment formulations may additionally also comprise binders and
optionally colorants.
Binders can be added to improve the adhesion of the active materials on the
seeds after
treatment. Suitable binders are homo- and copolymers from alkylene oxides like
ethylene oxide
or propylene oxide, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohols,
polyvinylpyrrolidones, and copolymers
15 thereof, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylic homo- and
copolymers, polyethyleneamines,
polyethyleneamides and polyethyleneimines, polysaccharides like celluloses,
tylose and starch,
polyolefin homo- and copolymers like olefin/maleic anhydride copolymers,
polyurethanes,
polyesters, polystyrene homo and copolymers
Optionally, also colorants can be included in the formulation. Suitable
colorants or dyes for seed
20 treatment formulations are Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112, C.I.
Solvent Red 1, pigment
blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1, pigment
blue 80, pigment
yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 112, pigment red 48:2, pigment red
48:1, pigment red
57:1, pigment red 53:1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange
5, pigment
green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10,
basic violet 49,
25 acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23,
basic red 10, basic red 108.
Examples of a gelling agent is carrageen (Satiagel )
In the treatment of seed, the application rates of the mixtures of the
invention are generally from
0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of
seed, more
30 preferably from 1 g to 1000 g per 100 kg of seed and in particular from
1 g to 200 g per 100 kg
of seed.
Preferred application rates are: For pesticidal mixture(s) A, B, C, F, G, H, I
and J: component (I)
from lg to 500g per 100kg of seeds and component (II) from lg to 500g per
100kg of seeds.
For pesticidal mixture(s) D and E: component (I) from lg to 500g per 100kg of
seeds,
35 component (II) from lg to 100g per 100kg of seeds. For pesticidal
mixture(s) Al, A1.1 and A1.2:
component (I) from lg to 500g per 100kg of seeds, component (II) from lg to
500g per 100kg of
seeds, compoenent (111) from lg to 100g per 100kg seeds. For pesticidal
mixture A2:
component (I) from lg to 500g per 100kg of seeds, component (II) from lg to
500g per 100kg of
seeds, compoenent (111) from lg to 100g per 100kg seeds, component (IV) from
lg to 500g per
40 100kg seeds
The invention therefore also relates to seed comprising a mixtures of the
invention, as defined
herein. The amount of the mixtures of the invention will in general vary from
0.1 g to 10 kg per
100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, in particular
from 1 g to 1000 g
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per 100 kg of seed. For specific crops such as lettuce the rate can be higher.
Examples
Synergism can be described as an interaction where the combined effect of two
or more
compounds is greater than the sum of the individual effects of each of the
compounds. The
presence of a synergistic effect in terms of percent control, between two
mixing partners (X and
Y) can be calculated using the Colby equation (Colby, S. R., 1967, Calculating
Synergistic and
Antagonistic Responses in Herbicide Combinations, Weeds, 15, 21-22):
XY
E - X
100
When the observed combined control effect is greater than the expected
combined control
effect (E), then the combined effect is synergistic.
The following tests demonstrate the control efficacy of compounds, mixtures or
compositions of
this invention on specific pests. However, the pest control protection
afforded by the
compounds, mixtures or compositions is not limited to these species. In
certain instances,
combinations of a compound of this invention with other invertebrate pest
control compounds or
agents are found to exhibit synergistic effects against certain important
invertebrate pests.
The analysis of synergism or antagonism between the mixtures or compositions
was
determined using Colby's equation.
Example 1:
For evaluating control of green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) through systemic
means the test
unit consisted of 96-well-microtiter plates containing liquid artificial diet
under an artificial
membrane.
The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75%
water and 25%
DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were
pipetted into the
aphid diet, using a custom built pipetter, at two replications.
For experimental mixtures in these tests identical volumes of both mixing
partners at the desired
concentrations respectively, were mixed together.
After application, 5 to 8 adult aphids were placed on the artificial membrane
inside the microtiter
plate wells. The aphids were then allowed to suck on the treated aphid diet
and incubated at 23
+ 1 C, 50 + 5 % RH for 3 days. Aphid mortality and fecundity was then visually
assessed. For
the mixture tested the results are listed in Table 1.
Table 1
Green Peach Aphid ppm Average Control %
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 80 + 0 0
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 0 + 10 50
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 80+2 100*
*synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation
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Example 2
For evaluating control of tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens) the test unit
consisted of 96-
well-microtiter plates containing an insect diet and 15 to 25 H. virescens
eggs.
The compounds or mixtures were formulated using a solution containing 75%
water and 25%
DMSO. Different concentrations of formulated compounds or mixtures were
sprayed onto the
insect diet at 10p1, using a custom built micro atomizer, at two replications.
For experimental mixtures in these tests identical volumes of both mixing
partners at the desired
concentrations respectively, were mixed together.
After application, microtiter plates were incubated at 28 + 1 C, 80 + 5 % RH
for 5 days. Egg
and larval mortality was then visually assessed. For the mixture tested the
results are listed in
Table 2.
Table 2
Tobacco budworm ppm Average
(Control %)
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 400 + 0 0
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 0 + 10 0
Tioxazafen + Fipronil 400 + 10 50*
*synergistic control effect according to Colby's equation
Example 3
The active compounds were formulated separately as a stock solution having a
concentration of
10000 ppm in dimethyl sulfoxide.
Activity against the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans(Phytin) in
the microtiter test.
The stock solutions were mixed according to the ratio, pipetted onto a micro
titer plate (MTP) and
diluted with water to the stated concentrations. A spore suspension of
Phytophtora infestans
containing a pea juice-based aqueous nutrient medium or DDC medium was then
added. The
plates were placed in a water vapor-saturated chamber at a temperature of 18
C. Using an
absorption photometer, the MTPs were measured at 405 nm 7 days after the
inoculation.
The measured parameters were compared to the growth of the active compound-
free control
variant (100%) and the fungus-free and active compound-free blank value to
determine the
relative growth in % of the pathogens in the respective active compounds.
These percentages were converted into efficacies.
The expected efficacies of active compound mixtures were determined using
Colby's formula
[R.S. Colby, "Calculating synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide
combinations",
Weeds 15, 20-22 (1967)] and compared with the observed efficacies.
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Table 3
Calculated
Active
efficacy
compound / Concentration Observed
according Synergism
Mixture
active (PPm) efficacy (0/0)
to Colby
mixture
(0/0)
Tioxazafen 4 - 7
Fluopyram 1 - 10
Tioxazafen 4 4: 1 98 16 82
Fluopyram 1
