Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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A PILE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a pile. In particular, the invention
relates,
but is not limited, to a pile for a ground anchoring system in building
foundations.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Reference to background art herein is not to be construed as an
admission that such art constitutes common general knowledge in Australia or
elsewhere.
[0003] A common process in a number of industries involves winding
piles
(e.g. poles) into the ground in order to form a foundation. Piles are often a
cost
effective form of foundation and, for example, can offer a reduced
environmental impact in comparison to other foundations. Other advantages of
pile foundations may also include ease of installation and a reduced risk to
personnel as, for instance, the foundations are typically screwed in with a
machine.
[0004] Pile design is based on structural and geotechnical principles.
Presently available screw piles and blade piles are not always effective,
especially in wet soil or soil which mainly comprises gravel and sand. Such
soils tend to be non-cohesive or "loose" having little or insufficient clay to
bind
the soil together. Wet or loose soil tends to slide off the sides of the
blades or
screw of a blade pile or screw pile respectively, resulting in a low load
bearing
capacity of the pile. Further, traditional screw piles and blade piles have
also
been known to have very low lateral bearing capacity.
[0005] It is thought that it would be desirable to provide a pile
which
overcomes or ameliorates one or more of the disadvantages or problems
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described above, or which at least provides an alternative to current forms of
piles.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In one form, although not necessarily the only or broadest
form, the
invention resides in a pile comprising:
an elongate member; and
an anchoring portion connected to the elongate member,
wherein the anchoring portion has an arcuate member that is radially
spaced from the elongate member.
[0007] The elongate member may be substantially cylindrical. An outer
diameter of the elongate member may include any value, for example, from
50mm to 100mm, although no limitation whatsoever is to be inferred from this.
[0008] The elongate member may be hollow. A wall thickness of the
elongate member may include any value from 2mm to lOmm. However, again,
this is simply by way of example and no limitation whatsoever is to be
inferred
from this. The elongate member also need not be hollow, and may be solid.
[0009] The elongate member may be in the form of a shaft.
[0010] The elongate member may include a connecting portion.
[0011] The connecting portion may be located at an end portion (a
first end
portion) of the elongate member. The connecting portion may be located at an
opposite end portion of the elongate member (of the pile or pile section) vis-
a-
vis the anchoring portion.
[0012] The connecting portion may be configured to releasably connect
to
a machine. The machine may be in the form of a rotary powerhead, auger
drive or the like. The connecting portion may also be configured to releasably
connect to another pile or pile section.
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[0013] The connecting portion may also (or alternatively) be
configured to
connect to a separate member. The separate member may be in the form of
an extension member, or an extension pile, or another of the piles.
[0014] The anchoring portion may be connected to the surface of the
elongate member. The anchoring portion may be directly fixed to the elongate
member or to the surface of the elongate member.
[0015] The anchoring portion may extend away from the surface of the
elongate member.
[0016] The anchoring portion may be located at (or generally towards)
an
end portion (a second end portion) of the elongate member. The anchoring
portion may be located at (or generally towards) an opposite end portion vis-a-
vis the connecting portion.
[0017] The anchoring portion may comprise at least one plate. The
anchoring member may comprise two plates. The two plates may be
connected to the elongate member at the same but opposite angles (i.e. at
angles that are of equal angular extent but opposite direction) - in other
words,
one plate may be tilted by X degrees one way relative to the elongate member
(or the longitudinal axis of the elongate member) and the other may be tilted
by the same amount the other way relative to the elongate member (or the
longitudinal axis of the elongate member). The plate(s) may be flat/planar.
The
plate(s) may also be arcuate in shape (i.e. like a partial disc).
[0018] The (or each) plate may have an arcuate distal edge. The
arcuate
distal edge (and all portions thereof) may be substantially equidistant (i.e.
a
constant distance) from the outer surface of the elongate member.
[0019] The (or each) plate may have a leading portion that engages the
earth as the pile is screwed into the ground. The leading portion may include
a
lower portion of the arcuate distal edge which is not connected to or covered
by the corresponding arcuate member.
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[0020] The (or each) arcuate member may extend from the arcuate distal
edge of the corresponding plate in a direction parallel to the elongate member
(or parallel to the longitudinal axis).
[0021] The (or each) arcuate member may extend concentrically with the
elongate member about the longitudinal axis.
[0022] The (or each) arcuate member may be attached to the arcuate
distal edge of the (or each) plate along an intersection arc on an inner
surface
of the arcuate member. The intersection arc may extend transversely and
substantially along the center of the inner surface.
[0023] The (or each) arcuate member may extend only partially (and not
all the way) along the arcuate distal edge of the (or each) plate, leaving the
lower portion of the arcuate distal edge on the (or each) plate exposed.
[0024] A first arcuate member may be connected to a first plate and a
second arcuate member may be connected to a second plate. The first and
second arcuate members may be oriented at the same but opposite angles
relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongate member (i.e. at angles that
are
of equal angular extent but opposite direction) - in other words, one arcuate
member may be tilted by X degrees one way relative to the elongate member
(or the longitudinal axis of the elongate member) and the other may be tilted
by the same amount the other way relative to the elongate member (or the
longitudinal axis of the elongate member).
[0025] The first arcuate member may have an upper (curved) edge and a
lower (curved) edge.
[0026] The second arcuate member may have an upper (curved) edge and
a lower (curved) edge.
[0027] The upper (curved) edge of the first arcuate member and the
upper
(curved) edge of the second arcuate member may lie in a plane (each in a
common plane, or a parallel plane, or a differently oriented plane, vis-à-vis
the
other) that is perpendicular or angled relative to the longitudinal axis of
the
elongate member.
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[0028] The lower (curved) edge of the first arcuate member and the
lower
(curved) edge of the second arcuate member may also lie in a plane (again
each in a common plane, or a parallel plane, or a differently oriented plane,
vis-a-vis the other) that is perpendicular or angled relative to the
longitudinal
axis of the elongate member.
[0029] The pile may further comprise a second anchoring portion
connected to the elongate member.
[0030] The second anchoring portion may be the same as, or different
to,
the first anchoring portion referred to above. The second anchoring portion
may comprise two plates. The two plates of the second anchoring portion may
be oriented at the same but opposite angles relative to the longitudinal axis
of
the elongate member. The two plates may be arcuate.
[0031] The second anchoring portion may be spaced from the first
anchoring portion along the longitudinal axis of the elongate member.
[0032] The second anchoring portion may be located nearer to an end of
the elongate member (i.e. nearer to the first end of the elongate member)
which is opposite to the (second) end having the connecting portion.
[0033] The second anchoring portion may be located between the
connecting portion and the first anchoring portion. There may also be a third
(or even more) anchoring portion(s) connected to the elongate member.
[0034] In one particular form, the invention relates to a pile
comprising:
an elongate member having a longitudinal axis; and
an anchoring portion connected to the elongate member,
wherein: the anchoring portion has a plate and also an arcuate member that is
radially spaced from the elongate member; the plate has an arcuate distal
edge; the plate is connected to the elongate member at a non-perpendicular
angle to the longitudinal axis; the arcuate member is located on the arcuate
distal edge of the plate; and the plate has a leading portion which includes a
lower portion of the arcuate distal edge that extends beyond the arcuate
member and engages the earth as the pile is screwed into the ground.
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[0035] In another form the invention resides in a method for making a
pile,
the method including the steps of:
connecting an anchoring member to an elongate member or to the
surface of the elongate member; and
connecting an arcuate member relative to the anchoring member,
wherein the arcuate member is radially spaced from the elongate
member.
[0036] The anchoring member may be an arcuate plate.
[0037] The step of connecting the anchoring member to the (surface of
the) elongate member may include welding the anchoring member thereto.
[0038] The step of connecting the arcuate member relative to the
anchoring member may include welding the arcuate member to the anchoring
member.
[0039] The method may further include connecting a second anchoring
portion to the elongate member.
[0040] The step of connecting the second anchoring portion to (the
surface
of) the elongate member may include welding the second anchoring member
thereto.
[0041] Further features and advantages of the present invention will
become apparent from the following detailed description.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] By way of example only, preferred embodiments of the invention
will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying
figures, wherein:
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Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a pile, according to an
embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 illustrates a side view of the pile shown in figure 1;
Figure 3 illustrates a perspective view of a pile, according to a further
embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a pile 10, according to an
embodiment of
the invention. The pile 10 includes an elongate member 100, an anchoring
portion 200 and a connecting portion 300. A longitudinal axis 12 extends along
the pile 10.
[0044] The elongate member 100 is in the form of a hollow round shaft.
The elongate member 100 is formed from a metal. The metal in this
embodiment is steel. However, in further embodiments the elongate member
100 may be made from different materials including, for example, a composite
and/or Aluminium.
[0045] The elongate member 100 includes a surface in the form of outer
surface 110. The outer surface 110 defines the outer portion of the elongate
member 100.
[0046] The anchoring portion 200 comprises two flat/planar and arcuate
plates 210, 220, each forming a blade. However, in further embodiments the
anchoring portion 200 may comprise only one or three or more plates (and in
the case of multiple plates these would generally be spaced evenly around the
elongate member 100). Moreover, in further embodiments, two or more
anchoring portions 200 may be installed at spaced locations along the
elongate member 100 to provide additional foundation support. The respective
anchoring portions located at different locations along the elongate member
need not all necessarily have the same configuration. For example, they need
not necessarily have the same number of plates (although they could), or the
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plates need not necessarily be oriented at the same angle in all anchoring
portions (although they could be), etc.
[0047] The plates 210, 220 are connected to the outer surface 110 of
the
elongate member 100, with each blade being connected at the same but
opposite angles relative to the longitudinal axis 12 of the elongate member
100. In this embodiment, the plates 210, 220 are welded to the outer surface
110 of the elongate member 100. However, in further embodiments the plates
210, 220 may be integrally formed with the elongate member 100 or e.g.
attached to a collar located on the elongated member 100. The plates 210,
220 extend away and radially outward from the elongate member 100.
[0048] Each plate 210, 220 has an arcuate distal edge 211, 221 which
is
substantially equidistant (i.e. a constant distance) from the outer surface
110
of the elongate member 100, such that each of the distal edges 211, 221
forms an arc with a specific radius about the longitudinal axis 12 of the
elongate member 100. However, in further embodiments the shape of the
distal edges of the plates 210, 220 may be varied. Like the planar plates 210,
220, the distal edges 211, 221 thereof are oriented at the same but opposite
angles relative to the longitudinal axis 12 of the elongate member 100.
[0049] Further, each plate 210, 220 has a leading portion 212, 222
which
contacts the earth as the anchoring portion 200 (and pile 10) is rotated
during
insertion of the pile 10 into the ground. The leading portions 212, 222 engage
with and break the earth/soil as the pile is screwed into the ground. Each
leading portion 212, 222 has a cutting edge 213, 223 which extends radially
from the outer surface 110 of the elongate member 100 and is inclined
downwardly in a radially outward direction, terminating in a ground engaging
point (corner) 214, 224 distal from the outer surface 110 of the elongate
member 100. Each leading portion 212, 222 also includes a lower portion 215,
225 of the arcuate distal edges 211, 221. (Note that the leading portion 212,
the cutting edge 213, the point (corner) 214 and the lower portion 215 of the
arcuate distal edge 211 are not visible in Figure 1).
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[0050] An arcuate member 230, 240 extends from each of the distal
edges
211, 221 of the plates 210, 220. The arcuate members 230, 240 are radially
spaced from the elongate member 100 and extend concentrically with the
elongate member 100 about the longitudinal axis 12. The arcuate members
230, 240 are formed from a metal. The metal in this embodiment is steel.
However, in further embodiments the arcuate members 230, 240 may be
made from different materials including, for example, a composite and/or
Aluminium.
[0051] The arcuate members 230, 240 are in the form of curved but
otherwise rectangular or parallelogram shaped plates. The arcuate members
230, 240 are attached to the distal edges 211, 221 of the plates 210, 220
along an inner surface 231, 241 of the arcuate members 230, 240, such that
the arcuate members 230, 240 extend generally perpendicularly to the plates
210, 220. In particular, the arcuate members 230, 240 are attached to the
distal edges 211, 221 of the plates 210, 220 along an intersection arc on the
inner surfaces 231, 241 which extends transversely and substantially along
the center of the inner surfaces 231, 241, i.e. the intersection arcs are
equidistant from an upper edge 232, 242 and lower edge 233, 243 of the
arcuate members 230, 240. As a result, the arcuate members 230, 240 are
oriented at the same but opposite angles relative to the longitudinal axis 12
of
the elongate member 100, similar to the plates 210, 220. However, in further
embodiments, the arcuate members 230, 240 may be oriented at other angles
to the longitudinal axis 12 of the elongate member 100 (see Figure 3).
[0052] In this embodiment (Figures 1 and 2), the arcuate members 230,
240 extend only partially along the distal edges 211, 221 of the plates 210,
220, leaving the lower portions 215, 225 of the distal edges 211, 221 exposed.
However, in further embodiments the arcuate members 230, 240 may extend
substantially along the entire length of the distal edges 211, 221 of the
plates
210, 220.
[0053] In this embodiment, the arcuate members 230, 240 are welded to
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the distal edges 211, 221 of the plates 210, 220. However, in further
embodiments the arcuate members 230, 240 and the plates 210, 220 may be
integrally formed.
[0054] The connecting portion 300 includes a coupling that is
configured to
connect to parts thereabove. The connecting portion 300 can be used to
connect the pile 10 to a rotary power head (or auger drive or the like) or to
other piles to create a single extended pile comprising a number of distinct
piles (or pile segments) connected to each other. The connecting portion 300
may be as described in Australian Patent No. 2013245456.
[0055] In order to produce the pile 10, a pair of flat/planar and
arcuate
plates 210, 220 (i.e. each of the plates is shaped like a partial disc and
these)
are attached to a cylindrical hollow elongate member 100 at the same but
opposite angles. Typically, the plates 210, 220 are welded to the elongate
member 100. However, in further embodiments, the plates 210, 220 may be
releasably fastened to the elongate member 100.
[0056] Following the above, the arcuate members 230, 240 are connected
to their respective plates 210, 220. Typically, the arcuate members 230, 240
are welded to the distal edges 211, 221 of the plates 210, 220. However, in
further embodiments, the arcuate members 230, 240 may be releasably
fastened to the plates 210, 220.
[0057] Figure 3 illustrates a screw pile 50, according to a further
embodiment of the invention. The screw pile 50 is similar to the screw pile 10
but differences therebetween are noted below.
[0058] Like the screw pile 10, the screw pile 50 includes an elongate
member 500, a first anchoring portion 600 (comprising a pair of plates 610,
620 and arcuate members 630, 640) and a connecting portion 700. However,
the screw pile 50 further includes a second anchoring portion 800. A
longitudinal axis 52 extends along the middle of the screw pile 50. The
elongate member 500 is substantially cylindrical and hollow with a surface in
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the form of outer surface 510. The outer surface 510 defines the outer portion
of the elongate member 500.
[0059] Unlike the pile 10, the arcuate members 630, 640 of the pile 50
are
attached to the distal edges 611, 621 of the plates 610, 620 such that the
upper edges 632, 642 of the arcuate members 630, 640 lie in a first common
plane and lower edges 633, 643 of the arcuate members 630, 640 lie in a
second common plane, both planes being perpendicular to the longitudinal
axis 52 of the elongate member 500. Consequently, the arcuate members
630, 640 are attached to the distal edges 611, 621 of the plates 610, 620
along an intersection arc on the inner surfaces 631, 641 of the arcuate
members 630, 640 such that the intersection arc extends transversely and
somewhat diagonally along the inner surfaces 631, 641.
[0060] The second anchoring portion 800 comprises two flat/planar and
arcuate discs or plates 810, 820. However, in further embodiments the second
anchoring portion 800 may comprise only one or three or more discs or plates.
Moreover, in further embodiments, two or more anchoring portions 800 (and/or
further anchoring portions like 600 and/or further anchoring portions like
200)
may be placed along the elongate member 500 to provide additional
foundation support. The second anchoring portion 800 is spaced from the first
anchoring portion 600 along the longitudinal axis 52 of the elongate member
500.
[0061] The plates 810, 820 are connected to the outer surface 510 of
the
elongate member 500, with each blade being connected at the same but
opposite angles relative to the longitudinal axis 52 of the elongate member
500. That is, in this embodiment, the plates 810, 820 are welded to the outer
surface 510 of the elongate member 500. However, in further embodiments
the plates 810, 820 may be integrally formed with the elongate member 500 or
attached to a rotatable collar located on the elongated member 500. The
plates 810, 820 extend away and radially outward from the elongate member
500.
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[0062] Each plate 810, 820 may have an arcuate distal edge 811, 821
which is substantially equidistant from the outer surface 510 of the elongate
member 500, such that each of the distal edges 811, 821 forms an arc with a
specific radius about the longitudinal axis 52 of the elongate member 500.
Alternatively, the shape of the distal edges of the plates 810, 820 may be
varied. For example, as shown in Figure 3, each of the plates may have a
radius which is smallest at the lowermost portion of the plate (i.e. at the
portion
of the plate which is located furthermost down the pile 50), and the radius of
each plate 810, 820 may increase moving along and upward around the distal
edge. Hence, the outer distal edges 811, 821 of the respective plates may be
closest to the elongate member 500 at the lowermost points on the plates
810,820 and furthest from the elongate member 500 at the uppermost points
on the plates 810,820. In such cases, like in Figure 3, the outer distal edges
811, 821 of the respective plates may be said to be helically expanding in the
direction moving around and up the pile, and this may help the plates 810, 820
to perform a cutting operation as the pile is screwed in. Similar to the
distal
edges 611, 621 of the plates 610, 620 of the first anchoring portion 600, the
distal edges 811, 821 of the plates 810, 820 are oriented at the same but
opposite angles to the longitudinal axis 52 of the elongate member 500.
[0063] In this embodiment, the second anchoring portion 800 is located
below the first anchoring portion 600, i.e. the second anchoring portion 800
is
located nearer to an end of the elongate member 500 which is opposite to the
end containing the connecting portion 700.
[0064] In order to produce the pile 50, a pair of arcuate plates 610,
620 are
attached to a cylindrical hollow elongate member 500 at the same but
opposite angles. A pair of arcuate members 630, 640 are then connected to
their respective plates 610, 620.
[0065] Following (or before) the above, a pair of arcuate plates 810,
820
are attached to the elongate member 500 at the same but opposite angles.
Typically, the plates 810, 820 are welded to the elongate member 500.
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However, in further embodiments, the plates 810, 820 may be releasably
fastened to the elongate member 500.
[0066] The piles 10, 50, according to the present invention, may offer
certain improvements over presently used piles, for example, screw piles and
blade piles. When the piles 10, 50 are installed in the ground, the arcuate
members 230, 240, 630, 640 may compress and compact the soil inside the
arcuate members, especially adjacent to and under the plates 210, 220, 610,
620, thereby preventing movement of the soil adjacent to the anchoring
portions 200, 600. This may significantly increase the load bearing capacity
of
the piles 10, 50 in both compression and tension, and it may also enable the
pile to help dampen (and prevent resonance in) the motion of structures
secured by the pile during seismic events. Further, the arcuate members 230,
240, 630, 640 may provide the piles 10, 50 with increased lateral bearing
capacity, potentially enabling the piles 10, 50 to better withstand soil
liquefaction and lateral forces resulting from soil movement, ground
vibrations
or earthquakes.
[0067] In the embodiments depicted in Figures 1 and 2 (the pile 10),
and in
Figure 3 (the pile 50), multiple of the piles can be connected end on end to
form a longer pile. Each pile or pile section (like 100 in Figures 1 and 2 and
also 500 and Figure 3) can have multiple of the anchoring portions (like 200
and 600 and 800) thereon and the different anchoring portions may be of
different sizes. Similarly, where pile sections are joined end on the end the
anchoring portions on different sections may be different sizes.
[0068] In this specification, adjectives such as first and second,
left and
right, upper and lower, top and bottom, and the like may be used solely to
distinguish one element or action from another element or action without
necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order. Where
the context permits, reference to an integer or a component or step (or the
like) is not to be interpreted as being limited to only one of that integer,
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component, or step, but rather could be one or more of that integer,
component, or step etc.
[0069] The above description of various embodiments of the present
invention is provided for purposes of description to one of ordinary skill in
the
related art. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to
a
single disclosed embodiment. Numerous alternatives and variations to the
present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the above
teaching. Accordingly, while some alternative embodiments have been
discussed specifically, other embodiments will be apparent or relatively
easily
developed by those of ordinary skill in the art. The invention is intended to
embrace all alternatives, modifications, and variations of the present
invention
that have been discussed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the
spirit and scope of the above described invention.
[0070] In this specification, the terms 'comprises', 'comprising',
'includes',
'including', or similar terms are intended to mean a non-exclusive inclusion,
such that a method, system or apparatus that comprises a list of elements
does not include those elements solely, but may well include other elements
not listed.
