Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
ECCENTRIC HOB TYPE TUNNELING MACHINE CAPABLE OF
BREAKING ROCK ACCORDING TO PREDETERMINED PATH
WITHOUT AFFECTING SUPPORTING WORK
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and
relates to
tunneling machinery equipment, and in particular, to an eccentric hob type
tunneling
machine capable of breaking rock according to a predetermined path without
affecting
supporting work.
Description of Related Art
In 2018, "BP Statistical Review of World Energy" pointed out that: China is
still
the world's largest energy consumer, accounting for 23.2% of global
consumption and
33.6% of global net growth; the consumption of coal resources accounts for
60.4% of
the total consumption, and coal resources will play an irreplaceable role as
main energy
in China for a long period of time in the future. With the increasing demand
for coal
energy in China, the imbalance of mining proportion due to the difficulty in
rock
roadway tunneling has become the main reason of restricting coal mining in
China.
Moreover, nowadays, with the mature application of mechanized coal mining, the
mining efficiency has been greatly improved, the imbalance of mining
proportion has
become more severe, and hard rock tunneling machinery equipment has become the
"bottleneck" restricting the coordinated progress of coal mining and roadway
tunneling
in mines. Especially for hard rock with Plans hardness coefficient f? 10, the
impact
and wear on a tunneling work mechanism and mounted tools thereof are increased
during construction, and due to the space limitation, the working environment
of the
tunneling equipment is worse, resulting in that the tunneling work mechanism
has a
poorer hard rock tunneling effect and high tunneling costs.
In the prior art, a drilling and blasting method and mechanical pick-based
rock
breaking are mostly used for roadway tunneling in coal mines. Although the
drilling
and blasting method has high efficiency and strong applicability to strata,
this method
causes large dust and poisonous gas emissions and is prone to major accidents
such as
gas explosion, and therefore is not conducive to safe, efficient and green
mining of ore
body resources. Moreover, breaking hard rock with mechanical picks is of great
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
difficulty and a heavy load, the picks are easy to be damaged and need to be
replaced
frequently, and thus the rock roadway tunneling efficiency is low and the
costs are high.
Underground tests proved that the approach of breaking rock by cutting with
picks is
difficult to realize economic tunneling of hard rock roadways.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
The object of the present invention is to provide an eccentric hob type
tunneling
machine capable of breaking rock according to a predetermined path without
affecting
supporting work, which makes full use of the features of a small vibration
cutting load,
high performance and high efficiency of an eccentric disc-shaped hob, thereby
realizing
the quick breaking of hard rock and increasing the roadway tunneling speed of
coal
mines.
Technical Solution
To achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention adopts the
following
technical solutions: an eccentric hob type tunneling machine capable of
breaking rock
according to a predetermined path without affecting supporting work, including
a
crawler walking mechanism, a rack, a hydraulic pump station, a power box, a
sliding
guide rail base, a propulsion cylinder I, a sliding seat, a transmission box,
a hob arm
rotating and sliding device, a hob arm, a low-speed high-torque motor, an
eccentric
disc-shaped hob, a control box, a loading device, a conveying device, a
temporary
supporting device, and an auxiliary work platform.
The rack is mounted on the crawler walking mechanism; the hydraulic pump
station, the power box, the sliding guide rail base, the temporary supporting
device, and
the auxiliary work platform are all mounted on the rack, wherein the hydraulic
pump
station and the power box are located at the tail of the rack and arranged in
a bilaterally
symmetrical manner; the sliding guide rail base is located on the front ends
of the
hydraulic pump station and the power box; the loading device is mounted on the
front
end of the rack; the conveying device is mounted at the middle of the loading
device
and below the rack; the sliding seat is slidably mounted on the sliding guide
rail base,
and is connected to the sliding guide rail base through two propulsion
cylinders I; the
transmission box is mounted on the front end of the sliding seat; two
hydraulic motors
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
are symmetrically mounted on a box body of the transmission box; output shafts
of the
hydraulic motors are connected to transmission box input shafts; gears I
mounted on
the transmission box input shafts are engaged with gears II mounted on a
transmission
box output shaft; the hob arm rotating and sliding device is mounted on the
front end
of the transmission box output shaft; the hob arm rotating and sliding device
includes a
housing in a rectangular parallelepiped structure; a cylinder mounting plate
is fixed to
the upper end of the housing; an E-shaped groove is provided in the housing;
the hob
arm is inserted in the E-shaped groove and connected to the cylinder mounting
plate
through a propulsion cylinder II; the low-speed high-torque motor is mounted
on the
front end of the hob arm; and the eccentric disc-shaped hob is eccentrically
mounted on
the output shaft of the low-speed high-torque motor.
The propulsion cylinders I, the hydraulic motors, the propulsion cylinder II,
the
temporary supporting device, and the auxiliary work platform are connected to
the
hydraulic pump station through hydraulic circuits, respectively; the control
box is
mounted on the upper end of the power box; and the low-speed high-torque motor
and
the control box are electrically connected to the power box, respectively.
Further, the eccentric disc-shaped hob includes a circular disc-shaped cutter
head;
the front end of the circular disc-shaped cutter head is inlaid with a
plurality of
mechanical picks; a plurality of alloy heads are welded on the circumference
of the
circular disc-shaped cutter head; the rear end of the circular disc-shaped
cutter head is
machined with a hole for mounting the output shaft of the low-speed high-
torque motor;
and a keyway is machined in the hole.
Preferably, the axis of the hole is offset from the axis of the circular disc-
shaped
cutter head by 2-5 cm, so that the eccentric disc-shaped hob will vibrate to a
certain
extent in a rotation process.
Preferably, the material of the mechanical picks is hard alloy; the mechanical
picks
are arranged in an Archimedes spiral array on the front end of the circular
disc-shaped
cutter head, the direction of rotation being counterclockwise.
More preferably, the array has 12 Archimedes spirals in total.
Preferably, the material of the alloy heads is hard alloy, and the alloy heads
are
equidistantly distributed on the circumference of the circular disc-shaped
cutter head.
Preferably, the direction of rotation of the low-speed high-torque motor is
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
counterclockwise, and the load of the mechanical picks during rock breaking
can be
reduced according to the shape of the spirals in the array of the mechanical
picks.
Further, the hob arm includes an arm body in a rectangular parallelepiped
structure;
the front end face of the arm body is provided with two parallel rectangular
guide
grooves of equal width; and the hob arm is positioned in the hob arm rotating
and sliding
device through the two rectangular guide grooves.
Further, the temporary supporting device consists of four propulsion cylinders
III
and an arched supporting shed; the arched supporting shed is mounted on the
upper
ends of the four propulsion cylinders III; the lower ends of the four
propulsion cylinders
III are fixedly mounted on the rack; and the four propulsion cylinders III are
connected
to the hydraulic pump station through hydraulic circuits, respectively.
Further, the auxiliary work platform consists of four propulsion cylinders IV
and a
work platform; the work platform is mounted on the upper ends of the four
propulsion
cylinders IV; the lower ends of the four propulsion cylinders IV are fixedly
mounted
on the rack; and the four propulsion cylinders IV are connected to the
hydraulic pump
station through hydraulic circuits, respectively.
Advantageous Effect
Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following
beneficial
effects:
The present invention is simple, compact and reliable in structure and
convenient
to assemble and disassemble, makes full use of low tensile strength
characteristics of
hard rock, and has strong rock breaking capability and high efficiency. The
route of
breaking rock with a hob can be adjusted according to different sections, and
thus the
section adaptability is flexible. The disc-shaped hob has a small cutting-
based rock
breaking load, high performance and high efficiency, and the hob rotates
eccentrically,
so that the hob can achieve the effect of breaking rock by vibration cutting,
thereby
further improving the cutting-based rock breaking performance of the hob. The
front
end of the cutter head of the hob is equipped with several mechanical picks,
and rock
can be partially broken by the picks, so that the hob can perform a cut
quickly without
being affected by the cutting angle of the hob. The sliding seat moves back
and forth,
and can not only provide huge propulsive force in the process of partially
breaking the
rock with the picks, but also realize the breaking of rock of different depths
in the case
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
that the tunneling machine is stationary, to avoid the crawler walking
mechanism from
moving once in every tunneling cycle, thereby improving the efficiency of
roadway
tunneling; moreover, during drilling and cutting, the crawler walking
mechanism and
the rack do not move, and thus do not affect the temporary supporting work and
auxiliary work, which is of great significance in realizing the efficient
tunneling of hard
rock roadways.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an eccentric hob type tunneling machine
capable
of breaking rock according to a predetermined path without affecting
supporting work
according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a transmission box according to
the
present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view, partly in cross section, of a hob arm rotating and
sliding
device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a left view, partly in cross section, of a hob arm rotating and
sliding
device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an axial view of a housing according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an axial view of a hob arm according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a front view, partly in cross section, of an eccentric disc-shaped
hob
according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an axial view of an eccentric disc-shaped hob according to the
present
invention; and
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a cutting route of an eccentric disc-shaped
hob
according to the present invention.
In the drawings: 1-crawler walking mechanism; 2-rack; 3-hydraulic pump
station;
4-power box; 5-sliding guide rail base; 6-propulsion cylinder I; 7-sliding
seat; 8-
transmission box; 8-1-transmission box input shaft; 8-2-gear I; 8-3-gear II; 8-
4-
transmission box output shaft; 8-5-box body; 9-hydraulic motor; 10-hob arm
rotating
and sliding device; 10-1-housing; 10-1-1-E-shaped groove; 10-2-propulsion
cylinder II;
10-3-cylinder mounting plate; 11-hob arm; 11-1-arm body; 11-2-rectangular
guide
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
groove; 12-low-speed high-torque motor; 13-eccentric disc-shaped hob; 13-1-
circular
disc-shaped cutter head; 13-2-mechanical pick; 13-3-hole; 13-4-keyway; 13-5-
alloy
head; 14-control box; 15-loading device; 16-conveying device; 17-temporary
supporting device; and 18-auxiliary work platform.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to
the
accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, an eccentric hob type tunneling machine capable of
breaking
rock according to a predetermined path without affecting supporting work in
the present
invention includes a crawler walking mechanism 1, a rack 2, a hydraulic pump
station
3, a power box 4, a sliding guide rail base 5, a propulsion cylinder I 6, a
sliding seat 7,
a transmission box 8, a hob arm rotating and sliding device 10, a hob arm 11,
a low-
speed high-torque motor 12, an eccentric disc-shaped hob 13, a control box 14,
a
loading device 15, a conveying device 16, a temporary supporting device 17,
and an
auxiliary work platform 18.
The rack 2 is a tie of all components of a tunneling machine of the present
invention.
The crawler walking mechanism 1 is mounted below the rack 2 to realize the
walking
of the tunneling machine. The hydraulic pump station 3, the power box 4, the
sliding
guide rail base 5, the temporary supporting device 17, and the auxiliary work
platform
18 are all mounted on the rack 2, wherein the hydraulic pump station 3 and the
power
box 4 are located at the tail of the rack 2 and arranged in a bilaterally
symmetrical
manner. The loading device 15 is mounted on the front end of the rack 2. The
conveying
device 16 is mounted at the middle of the loading device 15 and below the rack
2 to
convey the rock fractured by cutting out of a roadway. The sliding seat 7 is
slidably
mounted on the sliding guide rail base 5, and is connected to the sliding
guide rail base
through two propulsion cylinders I 6. The sliding base 7 can be moved back and
forth
on the sliding guide rail base 5 by controlling the stretching and retraction
of piston
rods of the propulsion cylinders I 6.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the transmission box 8 is mounted on the front
end
of the sliding seat 7. The transmission box includes a box body 8-5. Two
hydraulic
motors 9 are symmetrically mounted on the box body 8-5 of the transmission
box. Two
transmission box input shafts 8-1 and one transmission box output shaft 8-4
are
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
provided in the box body 8-5. Output shafts of the hydraulic motors 9 are
connected to
the transmission box input shafts 8-1. Two gears I 8-2 mounted on the
transmission box
input shafts 8-1 are engaged with two gears II 8-3 mounted on the transmission
box
output shaft 8-4, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 to FIG. 5, the hob arm rotating and sliding
device
is mounted on the front end of the transmission box output shaft 8-4. The hob
arm
rotating and sliding device 10 includes a housing 10-1 in a rectangular
parallelepiped
structure. A cylinder mounting plate 10-3 is fixed to the upper end of the
housing 10-1.
An E-shaped groove 10-1-1 is provided in the housing 10-1.
As shown in FIG. 6, the hob arm 11 includes an arm body 11-1 in a rectangular
parallelepiped structure. The front end face of the arm body 11-1 is provided
with two
parallel rectangular guide grooves 11-2 of equal width. The width of the arm
body II-
I is adapted to the width of the E-shaped groove 10-1-1. The hob arm 11 is
inserted in
the E-shaped groove 10-1-1 and connected to the cylinder mounting plate 10-3
through
a propulsion cylinder 11 10-2. The hob arm 11 can be slid relative to the hob
arm rotating
and sliding device 10 by controlling the stretching and retraction of a piston
rod of the
propulsion cylinder 11 10-2, and the rotation of the hob arm rotating and
sliding device
10 can be realized by controlling rotation angles of the output shafts of the
two
hydraulic motors 9, thereby enabling the hob arm 11 to produce rotational
motion.
As shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, the low-speed high-torque motor 12 is
mounted on one end of the hob arm 11. The eccentric disc-shaped hob 13
includes a
circular disc-shaped cutter head 13-1. The front end of the circular disc-
shaped cutter
head 13-1 is inlaid with a plurality of mechanical picks 13-2. The material of
the
mechanical picks 13-2 is hard alloy, and thus the hardness is high and the
wear
resistance is good. The mechanical picks 13-2 are arranged in an Archimedes
spiral
array on the front end of the circular disc-shaped cutter head 13-1, the
direction of
rotation being counterclockwise. In this embodiment, the array has 12
Archimedes
spirals in total. A plurality of alloy heads 13-5 are welded on the
circumference of the
circular disc-shaped cutter head 13-1. The material of the alloy heads 13-5 is
hard alloy,
and thus the hardness is high and the wear resistance is good. The alloy heads
13-5 are
equidistantly distributed on the circumference of the circular disc-shaped
cutter head
13-1. The rear end of the circular disc-shaped cutter head 13-1 is machined
with a hole
13-3. The axis of the hole 13-3 is offset from the axis of the circular disc-
shaped cutter
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
head 13-1 by 2-5 cm. A keyway 13-4 is machined in the hole 13-3. The eccentric
disc-
shaped hob 13 is eccentrically mounted on the output shaft of the low-speed
high-torque
motor 12 through the hole 13-3. Due to the eccentric mounting, the eccentric
disc-
shaped hob 13 will produce certain vibration in a cutting process. The low-
speed high-
torque motor 12 drives the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 to drill and cut, in a
vibrating
manner, hard rock. The cutting route is shown in FIG. 9. The direction of
rotation of
the low-speed high-torque motor 12 is counterclockwise, and the load of the
mechanical
picks 13-2 during rock breaking can be reduced according to the shape of the
spirals in
the array of the mechanical picks 13-2.
In a drilling and cutting process of the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13, the
rack 2 can
be kept stationary, and motion can be realized by controlling the sliding seat
7 to slide
on the sliding guide rail base 5. Therefore, the temporary supporting work and
auxiliary
work are not affected in the drilling and cutting process of the eccentric
disc-shaped
hob 13.
As shown in FIG. 1, the temporary supporting device 17 consists of four
propulsion
cylinders III and an arched supporting shed. The arched supporting shed is
mounted on
the upper ends of the four propulsion cylinders III. The lower ends of the
four
propulsion cylinders III are fixedly mounted on the rack. The auxiliary work
platform
18 consists of four propulsion cylinders IV and a work platform. The work
platform is
mounted on the upper ends of the four propulsion cylinders IV. The lower ends
of the
four propulsion cylinders IV are fixedly mounted on the rack.
The propulsion cylinders I 6, the hydraulic motors 9, the propulsion cylinder
11 10-
2, the propulsion cylinders III, and the propulsion cylinders IV are connected
to the
hydraulic pump station 3 through hydraulic circuits, respectively, and the
hydraulic
pump station 3 provides high pressure oil therefor.
The control box 14 is mounted on the upper end of the power box 4, and can
control
the motion of each part of the tunneling machine according to a preset
program. The
power box 4 is electrically connected to the low-speed high-torque motor 12
and the
control box 14 respectively, and the power box 4 provides electric energy
therefor.
The working principle is as follows: when using the eccentric hob type
tunneling
machine capable of breaking rock according to a predetermined path without
affecting
supporting work of the present invention to perform roadway tunneling, a
working face
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
power system supplies power to the hydraulic pump station 3, and the hydraulic
pump
station 3 forms high pressure oil after being energized: the high pressure oil
is supplied
to the propulsion cylinders I 6, so that the propulsion cylinders I 6 can
output propulsive
force to realize back-and-forth movement of the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13
through
the sliding seat 7, the transmission box 8, the hob arm rotating and sliding
device 10,
and the hob arm 11; the high pressure oil is supplied to the hydraulic motors
9, so that
the hydraulic motor 9 outputs power to realize circumferential movement of the
eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 on a cutting work face through the transmission
box input
shafts 8-1, the gears I 8-2, the gears II 8-3, the transmission box output
shaft 8-4, the
hob arm rotating and sliding device 10, and the hob arm 11; the high pressure
oil is
supplied to the propulsion cylinder 11 10-2, so that the propulsion cylinder
11 10-2 can
output propulsive force and transfer same to the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13
through
the hob arm 11, to enable the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 to move in the
normal
direction on the cutting work face; the high pressure oil is supplied to the
temporary
supporting device 17, so that the temporary supporting device 17 completes the
supporting of the roadway; and the high pressure oil is supplied to the
auxiliary work
platform 18, so that the auxiliary work platform 18 is adjusted to an
appropriate height
to complete auxiliary work (such as anchoring and protection). The power box 4
provides power for the control box 14 and the low-speed high-torque motor 12.
Firstly,
a cutting route of the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 is designed according to
the sectional
area of the excavated roadway, and is input to the control box 14. Then, the
control box
14 controls the piston rods of the propulsion cylinders I 6 to retract to the
shortest so
that the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 moves to the rearmost end of the
propulsion stroke,
controls the piston rod of the propulsion cylinder 11 10-2 to retract to the
shortest so that
the disc-shaped hob 13 is moved to the starting point of the cutting route,
and controls
the motion of the crawler traveling mechanism 1 so that the tunneling machine
is moved
as a whole to an appropriate position. The temporary supporting device 17 is
controlled
to rise to complete the temporary supporting of the roadway. The low-speed
high-torque
motor 12 is started to rotate the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13, and meanwhile,
the piston
rods of the propulsion cylinders I 6 are controlled to stretch, so that the
eccentric disc-
shaped hob 13 drills a hole that is 5-10 cm deep in the rock to lock the
propulsion
cylinders I 6. Finally, the hydraulic motors 9 and the propulsion cylinder 11
10-2 are
simultaneously controlled to make the eccentric disc-shaped hob 13 rotate
according to
a preset route to break hard rock by cutting, and at the same time when the
eccentric
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Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
disc-shaped hob 13 breaks the hard rock by cutting, the height of the
auxiliary work
platform can be adjusted, so as to complete some auxiliary work (such as
anchoring and
protection). After the tunneling of one section is completed, the propulsion
cylinders I
6, the hydraulic motors 9, and the propulsion cylinder 11 10-2 are readjusted
in the same
way to proceed to the tunneling of the next section, and the above-mentioned
process
is repeated continuously. When stretched to the longest positions, the piston
rods of the
propulsion cylinders I 6 exit the temporary supporting device 17, and the
piston rods of
the propulsion cylinders I 6 are retracted to shortest. By controlling the
crawler walking
mechanism 1, the tunneling machine is moved forward to an appropriate position
to
continue the tunneling work. This process is repeated over and over until the
tunneling
is completed. In the above-mentioned roadway tunneling process, the fractured
and
broken stones are conveyed out of the roadway through the loading device 15
and the
conveying device 16.
Date Recue/Date Received 2020-12-01
