Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
1
A LESS-LETHAL DEVICE
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND
This invention relates to a less-lethal device. More particularly, the
invention
relates to various mechanisms and components of a less lethal device,
including a magazine configured to house a plurality of substantially
spherical projectiles in a "staggered" configuration, a magazine including a
catch formation, a barrel displacement mechanism, a projectile release
mechanism and load indicator, a projectile detent, and a loading
mechanism.
The use of lethal force by law enforcement agencies or personnel, private
security companies, or even private citizens as defensive or self-defensive
measures is generally met with dissent. Internationally, legislative and
regulatory requirements generally tend to dissuade the use of lethal force,
and instead tends towards defensive regimes in the less-lethal sphere.
For example, currently in the USA, proposed legislative changes seek to
require law enforcement personnel to use less-lethal force to incapacitate
an attacker, before resorting to lethal force.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
2
In most cases, the effective range or accuracy of known or currently
available less-lethal devices render these devices ineffective. Best known
examples include tasers and lachrymatory substances such as mace (also
known as pepper spray). Tasers are accurate and effective to a maximum
of 15 feet. This falls within the currently permissible "shoot to kill" range
of
21 feet. Consequently, the current less-lethal devices' inefficiency,
inaccuracy and in-utility seem to render adherence to the proposed
legislative provisions impractical. In some cases, the use of tasers are
viewed as excessive use of force, and annually, as many as a thousand
"wrongful deaths" are attributable to the use of tasers in an attempt to use
less-lethal force by law enforcement agencies.
Also available are launchers (similar to paintball guns) shooting frangible
projectiles filled with a lachrymatory substance. Even though these devices
have increased ranges, they remain notoriously inaccurate, especially due
to manufacturing imperfections and instability of the projectiles. These
launchers are furthermore bulky and ergonomically unfriendly when carried
on the person or when being handled.
One way to improve the accuracy of projectiles, is to impart spin to the
projectile as it is launched. This is achieved by utilising launchers
comprising
rifled barrels. However, the use of rifled barrels usually falls within the
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
3
purview of legislative provisions or bodies, such as the ATF (The Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives).
A need exists for a less-lethal device, capable of temporarily incapacitating
a person effectively at a range exceeding that of currently available less
lethal devices. A need furthermore exists for a compact and ergonomically
friendly less-lethal projectile launcher that does not fall within the purview
of
legislative provisions or bodies, suitable for use by law enforcement
agencies, correctional services, the military and civilians alike.
Known less-lethal devices, such as less-lethal pistols comprise a body with
a grip portion, a barrel, a canister of compressed gas, a valve assembly
arranged to vent gas to propel a projectile received within the barrel upon
actuation by a firing mechanism (or trigger).
In a bid to reduce the overall size of the less-lethal device, the canister,
which comprises a sealed mouth, is received within the body, and a
puncture mechanism is provided for puncturing the sealed mouth, to allow
compressed gas to flow towards the valve assembly.
Magazines of less-lethal devices that use spherical projectiles have very
limited capacity and are often bulky and complex. Double or staggered
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
4
stacking of spherical projectiles presents many problems, particularly
because of small contact areas between subsequent projectiles. This often
causes jamming of the spherical projectiles as they are unloaded from the
magazine. To overcome this, complex followers that pivot to urge a last
projectile from the magazine are sometimes used. This however adds
complexity and unreliability to the design of the magazine.
The length of the barrel of a weapon impacts on the accuracy thereof. A
trade-off between the length of the barrel and the overall size of the weapon
therefore has to be found. The effective length of the barrel is negatively
impacted when the projectile is loaded from a magazine and effectively
pushed forwards into the rear or the breech of the barrel. A need therefore
exists for a mechanism that allows the loading of a projectile, especially an
elongate projectile, from a magazine, into a barrel of the device, whilst
1 5
simultaneously ensuring that an effective length of the barrel can be as long
as possible, whilst keeping the overall dimensions of the device as compact
as possible.
As projectiles are received within the barrel of a device, they often tend to
fall from the barrel before the trigger is pulled. Alternatively, in some
cases,
upon further "loading" of the device, more than one projectile is
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
simultaneously loaded into the barrel. Both of these instances negate the
use of the device.
Throughout this specification, a follower, when used in relation to a
5
magazine of a weapon, will be understood to relate to a displaceable
actuating member within the magazine, provided to urge projectiles received
within the magazine towards a mouth of the magazine.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide various components and
mechanisms of a less-lethal device with which the applicant believes the
aforementioned disadvantages may at least be alleviated or which may
provide a useful alternative for the known arrangements and methods.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine for
a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an
opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or
from the body;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
6
- a first follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in a
direction of the second end for a first distance, the first follower being
biased in the direction of the second end; and
- a second follower which is displaceable from proximate the first end in
the direction of the second end for a second distance, the second follower
being biased in the direction of the second end and wherein the first
distance exceeds the second distance.
The second follower may be inhibited from being displaced beyond a
predetermined position along the length of the body. The first follower may
be allowed to be displaced beyond the predetermined position towards the
second end.
A guide formation may be provided for guiding the second follower relative
to the body during displacement. The guide formation may comprise a
groove formed on one of the body and the second follower, and a ridge or
protuberance formed on the other one of the body and the second follower,
the ridge or protuberance in use received within the groove.
When the first and second followers are located proximate the first end, the
first and second followers may be situated side-by-side. A cross sectional
dimension of the body towards the first end may exceed a cross-sectional
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
7
dimension of the body towards the second end. Portions of opposing outer
walls of the body located between the first end and the predetermined
position may be substantially parallel to each other. Portions of the opposing
walls of the body beyond the predetermined position in the direction of the
second end may converge towards each other. A neck of the body may be
formed proximate the second end, the neck defining an internal passage
similar in shape and size to the opening. The opening may be substantially
circular, and may be sized to allow the projectile to move through the
opening without obstruction.
The first follower may be sized such that a portion of the first follower may
protrude at least partially into the neck. The first follower may have a
convex
outer surface arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received
through the opening.
The second follower may have a substantially concave outer surface
arranged to operatively urge against a projectile received through the
opening. A path followed by the first follower between the first end and the
opening may follow a contour of the outer wall of the body. The path may
therefore be non-linear.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
8
A coupling arrangement may be provided between the first and second
followers, such that as the first follower is moved against the bias towards
the first end, the first and second followers may become coupled, so that
the coupling arrangement may cause the first follower to urge the second
follower from the predetermined position towards the first end.
The coupling arrangement may comprise a catch or shoulder formation on
one of the first and second followers, and a hook or protuberance on the
other one of the first and second followers.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine
for a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles, comprising:
- an elongate hollow body defining an internal cavity for receiving the
projectiles, the body having a first closed end and a second end defining
an opening operatively through which projectiles are received into or from
the internal cavity;
- a ridge formation projecting from a side wall of the body, from proximate
the first end towards the second end so that a first and second adjoining
and substantially cylindrical channels are defined thereby; and
- a follower which is displaceable from a first position within the first
channel and proximate the first end, to a second position proximate the
opening, the follower being biased to the second position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
9
A neck of the body may be formed proximate the second end, the neck
defining an internal passage similar in shape and size as the opening. The
opening may be substantially circular, and may be sized to allow a projectile
to move thereth rough without obstruction.
A guide formation may be provided for guiding the follower relative to the
body during displacement between the first and second positions. The guide
formation may comprise a groove formed on one of the body and the
follower, and a ridge or protuberance formed on the other one of the body
and the follower, the ridge or protuberance in use received within the
groove.
The follower may be biased towards the second position by a biasing
means, in the form of a spring. The biasing means may be fixed to the first
end, and may extend along the first channel when the follower is in the
second position and may be inhibited from deflecting into the second
channel.
The follower may be sized such that a portion thereof may protrude at least
partially into the neck of the body when the follower is in the second
position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
The follower may comprise a substantially convex outer surface arranged
operatively to urge against a projectile received through the opening.
The first and second channels may extend substantially parallel to each
5 other
and may intersect each other along a length thereof, such that a
projectile operatively received within the first channel may project partially
into the second channel, and such that a projectile operatively received
within the second channel may project partially into the first channel.
10 The
first and second channels may terminate into a receiving zone. The
receiving zone may taper/converge towards the neck portion of the body.
According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided a magazine for
housing a plurality of projectiles, the magazine in use received within a less-
lethal device and comprising:
- an elongate hollow body with a first closed end and a second end with an
opening therein operatively through which projectiles are received into or
from the body; and
- a catch formation located proximate the opening and mounted to the
body, the catch formation comprising a stopper which is displaceable
between a first position relative to the opening, in which the stopper
obstructs a portion of opening so that a projectile is inhibited from moving
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
11
through the opening and a second position relative to the opening, in
which the opening is not obstructed by the stopper, so that a projectile is
allowed to pass through the opening, the catch formation mounted to an
outside of the body.
The catch formation may be pivotably mounted to the outside of the body,
so that the stopper may be pivoted between the first and second positions.
The stopper may be biased towards the first position by a biasing means.
The biasing means may be a torsion spring.
The catch formation may furthermore have an actuation surface for
cooperating, in use, with an actuator situated within a body of the less-
lethal
device, so that when the magazine is inserted into the body, the actuator
urges against the actuation surface to thereby cause the catch formation to
be pivoted to the second position.
According to a fourth aspect of the invention, there is provided a barrel
displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a device between a first
and a second axial position, the displacement mechanism comprising:
- a formation located on the barrel;
- an actuator member arranged in contact with the formation, and in
communication with a trigger mechanism, so that when the trigger
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
12
mechanism is actuated, the actuator member urges against the formation
to cause the barrel to be displaced towards the second axial position.
The barrel may be axially slidable relative to a body of the device.
The formation may be a shoulder located on the barrel.
The actuator member may be pivotably mounted relative to the barrel, and
may comprise at least a first actuation arm, an end region of which may be
arranged to contact the formation.
The actuator member may further comprise a plurality of cogs, arranged in
mesh with a plurality of cogs formed on the trigger member, so that when
the trigger member is actuated, the cogs on the trigger member cause the
at least first arm to pivot relative to the barrel.
The end region of the at least one arm may be provided in sliding contact
with the formation.
The actuator member may comprise a second arm.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
13
Alternatively, the formation may take the form of a rack, whilst the actuator
member may comprise a number of cogs arranged to interact with the rack,
to form a rack-and-pinion type interaction.
Alternatively, a link body may pivotably be arranged between the formation
and the trigger mechanism, whilst the trigger mechanism may be provided
with a cam surface for urging against the link body when the trigger
mechanism is actuated, thereby causing the barrel to be displaced to the
rearward position.
Further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism may comprise a
pin received within a slot. The pin may be actuated via a lever associated
with the trigger mechanism, when the trigger mechanism is actuated. When
the pin is actuated, it may slide within the slot, causing the barrel to be
displaced to the rearward position.
Yet further alternatively, the barrel displacement mechanism may comprise
a multi-link or lever system. The links or levers may be pivotably
interconnected by pins. The arrangement may be such that the links or
levers pivot relative to each other when the trigger mechanism is actuated,
thereby displacing the barrel to the rearwards position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
14
According to a fifth aspect of the invention, there is provided a release
mechanism of a device, for releasing a projectile held by a receiving
projection of a release valve thereof, the release mechanism comprising an
indicator body, which is fixed to a body of the device such that a portion of
the indicator body projects to an outside of the body of the device, wherein
the indicator body is displaceable between an elevated position in which the
indicator body stands proud of the body of the device, and a lowered
position, the configuration being such that the indicator body is displaced to
the elevated position when a projectile is held by the receiving portion, so
that when the indicator body is urged towards the lowered position, a force
is exerted on the projectile.
The receiving projection may comprise a displaceable release body which
is operatively provided in contact with the projectile. A contact portion of
the
indicator body may urge against the release body, such that when the
indicator body is displaced to the lowered position, the release body is
displaced thereby.
The release body may be pivotably fixed to the receiving projection. The
indicator body may be pivotably fixed to the body of the device.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
The indicator body may be arranged to rest on the release body. The
arrangement may be such that when a barrel moves to a second or rearward
position relative to the receiving projection, the indicator body may be
lifted
from the release body.
5
According to a sixth aspect of the invention there is provided a projectile
detent, comprising a body having a first portion mounted relative to a breech
of a device and a second portion manufactured from a resiliently deformable
material, the second portion being displaceable between a first position, in
10 which the second portion retains a projectile within a breech of the
barrel,
and a second position, in which the projectile is allowed to be displaced from
the barrel.
According to a seventh aspect of the invention there is provided a loading
15 mechanism for loading a projectile into a bore/breech of a barrel of
a device,
the loading mechanism comprising a first and a second body being pivotably
fixed relative to each other, the first and second bodies defining a cavity
therebetween, and configurable between a first configuration, wherein the
first and second bodies are pivoted towards each other, so that the cavity is
substantially cylindrical, and a second configuration where the first and
second bodies are pivoted away from each other to define an opening into
the cavity through which operatively to receive the projectile into the
cavity.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
16
The loading mechanism may further comprise a biasing member for biasing
the first and second bodies towards the second configuration. The biasing
member may be a spring, such as a torsion spring. Alternatively, the first
and second bodies may be biased to the first configuration.
The first and second bodies may each define a substantially semi-cylindrical
inner surface.
The first and second bodies may be provided with a first and second
actuating formation respectively, for operatively actuating the first and
second bodies against the bias to the first configuration. The actuating
formation may comprise a bevelled surface, for interacting with a
corresponding slide formation disposed on an inside of a slide associated
with the barrel of the device.
The arrangement may be such that, when the slide is operatively displaced
from a first resting position to a second position, the slide formation may
interact with the actuating formation, to allow the first and second bodies to
move, under the bias of the biasing member, to the second configuration,
so that the projectile may be received through the opening into the cavity,
whilst when the slide is operatively displaced from the second position to
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
17
the first, resting position, the slide formation may cause the first and
second
bodies to be pivoted to the first configuration, against the bias.
A first end of the loading mechanism may be arranged proximate an
extremity of the barrel. The configuration of the loading mechanism may be
such that, when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration,
the
cylindrical cavity aligns with the bore, and the first end of the loading
mechanism may seal against the barrel, so that a length of the bore is
extended by a length of the cylindrical cavity.
A second end of the loading mechanism may operatively be arranged
proximate a pressure discharge valve which operatively vents a
predetermined volume of compressed gas into the cavity causing the
projectile to be discharged from the barrel. The arrangement may be such
that when the first and second bodies are in the first configuration, the
second end of the loading mechanism may seal against the discharge valve,
so that the pressure discharge valve and bore may be arranged in fluid flow
communication, and so that, when pressurised gas is discharged or vented
via the pressure discharge valve, a projectile located within the cavity may
be discharged from the device via the bore.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
18
A barrel displacement mechanism may cause the barrel to operatively move
away from the loading mechanism to define a gap between the first end of
the loading mechanism and the barrel, when the first and second bodies are
in the second position.
The barrel displacement mechanism may cause the loading mechanism to
operatively move away from the discharge valve to define a gap between
the second end of the loading mechanism and the discharge valve, when
the first and second bodies are in the second position.
The first and second bodies may be allowed to slide axially on first and
second pins respectively, between a rearward position wherein the loading
mechanism seals against the discharge valve, and a forward position,
wherein a gap is defined between the loading mechanism and the discharge
valve. A biasing means may bias the loading mechanism to the forward
position. A shoulder may limit the axial displacement of the loading
mechanism on the first and second pins respectively.
The opening into the cavity may have a cross-sectional dimension similar to
a diameter of the projectile.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
19
The length of the first and second bodies may exceed a length of the
projectile.
The first and second bodies, actuating formation and slide formation may
be manufactured from a polymeric material and may be formed by way of
injection moulding. Alternatively, the first and second bodies, actuating
formation and slide formation may be of a metallic material and may have
relatively smooth outer surfaces. The outer surfaces of the actuating
formation and slide formation may be polished.
The device may be a less lethal device.
According to an eight aspect of the invention there is provided a barrel
displacement mechanism for displacing a barrel of a less-lethal device
having a body, between a forward and rearward axial position, the barrel
displacement mechanism comprising an actuation member on a slide of the
body, arranged for interacting with an actuation mechanism provided
between the slide and the barrel, so that, when the slide is moved to a
rearwards axial position, the actuation member interacts with the actuation
mechanism, so that the barrel moves to the forward axial position, and so
that, when the slide is moved to a forwards axial position, the actuation
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
member interacts with the actuation mechanism, so that the barrel moves
to the rearward axial position.
The actuation member may comprise an interacting surface and may take
5 the form of a pin.
The actuation mechanism may comprise:
- an actuation body, pivotably fixed relative to a body of the device
and
comprising first and second actuation surfaces; and
10 - a link
body pivotably fixed between the actuation body and the barrel.
The arrangement may be such that the actuation member interacts with the
first actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves towards
the rearward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot
15 relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to
the
forward position, and such that the actuation member interacts with the
second actuation surface of the actuation body when the slide moves
towards the forward axial position, thereby to cause the actuation body to
pivot relative to body of the device, to cause the barrel to be displaced to
20 the rearward position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
21
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
The invention will now further be described, by way of examples only, with
reference to the accompanying diagrams wherein:
figure 1 is a perspective view of first example less-lethal device
in the
form of a pistol of which a body panel has been removed to
reveal internal components thereof, which pistol is adapted to
propel spherical projectiles through a barrel;
figure 2 is a section view of a first example magazine used with the
less-lethal device of figure 1, in which a plurality of
substantially spherical projectiles is received in staggered
configuration, the magazine comprising dual followers;
figure 3 is the magazine of figure 2 with a first spherical
projectile
loaded therein;
figure 4 is the magazine of figure 2 with a second spherical
projectile
loaded therein;
figure 5 is the magazine of figure 2 with a third spherical
projectile
loaded therein;
figure 6 is the magazine of figure 2 with a fourth spherical projectile
loaded therein;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
22
figure 7 is the magazine of figure 2 with a fifth spherical
projectile
loaded therein;
figure 8 is the magazine of figure 2 with a sixth spherical
projectile
loaded therein;
figure 9 is the magazine of figure 2 with a seventh spherical projectile
loaded therein;
figure 10 is a first perspective view of a second example magazine
used
with the less-lethal device of figure 1, in which a plurality of
substantially spherical projectiles is received in staggered
configuration, the magazine comprising a single follower;
figure 11 is a front view of the magazine of figure 10, with a
catch
formation shown in a first position;
figure 12 is a side view of the magazine of figure 10, shown in
section
along line IV-IV' indicated in figure 11;
figure 13 is a top view along section XIII ¨ XIII' indicated in figure 11,
showing first and second channels defined by a ridge
formation;
figure 14 is a front view of the magazine of figure 10, with the
catch
formation shown in a second position;
figure 15 is a perspective view of the magazine of figure 10, in which
some detail is shown in broken lines to render inner details
thereof visible;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
23
figure 16 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in figure 15,
in which a first four spherical projectiles have been loaded;
figure 17 is a perspective view of the magazine as shown in figure 15,
in which eight spherical projectiles have been loaded;
figure 18 is a front view in section of the device of figure 1, showing
details of a magazine in an operational position within a grip
portion of the device, and wherein an actuator has caused a
stopper of the magazine to pivot away from an opening of the
magazine;
figure 19 is the front view in section of figure 18, wherein the magazine
has been released from the grip portion of the device, and
wherein the stopper obstructs a projectile within the magazine
from being displaced through the opening;
figure 20 is the front view in section of figure 19, wherein the magazine
is displaced further downwardly out of the grip portion, and
wherein the stopper retains the projectile within the magazine;
figure 21 is a perspective view of a subassembly of the less lethal
device of figure 1, which subassembly comprises a barrel, a
release valve, and a barrel displacement mechanism, with the
barrel being located in a first, forward, position;
figure 22 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 21;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
24
figure 23 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 22, in which the
barrel displacement mechanism is being actuated, and
wherein the barrel is located in an intermediate position;
figure 24 is a side view of the subassembly of figure 22, in which the
barrel displacement mechanism is fully actuated, and wherein
the barrel is located in a second, rearward, position;
figure 25 is a section side view of the subassembly of figure 24;
figure 26 .. is a perspective view of a release valve and a release
mechanism of the less lethal device of figure 1, showing a
receiving formation before a projectile is received therein;
figure 27 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and release
mechanism of figure 26, in which a projectile is in the process
of being received within the receiving projection;
figure 28 is a sectioned side view of the release valve and release
mechanism of figure 26, with a projectile in its final position
within the receiving projection;
figure 29 is a perspective detail view of a release valve, release
mechanism, a portion of a barrel and projectile detents of the
device of figure 1, wherein a projectile is received within the
receiving projection, and wherein the barrel is in a first,
forward, position;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
figure 30 is a top view of the release valve, release mechanism, barrel
and projectile detents of figure 29;
figure 31 is a top view of the release valve, release mechanism, barrel
and projectile detents of figure 29, wherein the barrel has been
5 displaced to a second, rearward, position, and wherein the
detents have been deflected by the barrel;
figure 32 is a perspective view of a second example less-lethal device
in the form of a pistol of which a body panel has been removed
to reveal internal components thereof, which pistol is adapted
10 to propel elongate finned projectiles through a barrel;
figure 33 is a top perspective view of an example elongate finned
projectile used with the less-lethal device of figure 32;
figure 34 is a bottom perspective view of the projectile of figure 33;
figure 35 is a perspective view of an example loading mechanism, used
15 with the less-lethal device of figure 32 and in which first
and
second bodies are located in a first configuration or position;
figure 36 is a perspective view of the loading mechanism of figure 35,
in which the first and second bodies are located in a second
configuration;
20 figure 37 is a sectioned side view of an assembly comprising a
portion
of a barrel and a release valve of the less-lethal device of
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
26
figure 32, with the loading mechanism of figure 35 in situ,
before a projectile is loaded into the loading mechanism;
figure 38 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 37;
figure 39 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein
the barrel is displaced axially away from the loading
mechanism to define a first gap therebetween, and wherein
the loading mechanism is displaced axially away from the
release valve so that a second gap is defined therebetween;
figure 40 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 39;
figure 41 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein
the first and second bodies are located in the second
configuration, and wherein a projectile has been loaded into
the loading mechanism;
figure 42 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 41;
figure 43 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 41, wherein
the first and second bodies are returned to the first
configuration;
figure 44 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 43;
figure 45 is a section side view of the assembly of figure 37, wherein the
barrel and loading mechanism are both displaced axially to
remove the first and second gaps;
figure 46 .. is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 45;
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
27
figure 47 is a sectioned side view of the assembly of figure 37, in which
the projectile is in the process of being propelled from the
barrel;
figure 48 is a sectioned front view of the assembly of figure 47;
figure 49 is a perspective view of first and second actuating formations
formed on the first and second bodies of the loading
mechanism of figure 35, with the first and second bodies
located in the first configuration;
figure 50 is a perspective view of the first and second actuating
formations of figure 49, with the first and second bodies in the
second configuration;
figure 51 is a side view of a barrel displacement mechanism of the less
lethal device of figure 32, with a barrel in a rearward position;
figure 52 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism of figure
51, wherein a slide is in the process of being displaced
rearwards, causing the barrel to be displaced forwards;
figure 53 is a side view of the barrel displacement mechanism of figure
51, wherein the barrel is in the forward position, so that a first
gap is formed between the barrel and the loading mechanism,
and so that a second gap is formed between the loading
mechanism and the release valve; and
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550 PCT/IB2019/059107
28
figure 54 is a side view of
the barrel displacement mechanism of figure
51, wherein the barrel is still in the rearward position, but
wherein the slide has not yet moved fully to the forward
position, and has therefore not yet started displacing the barrel
to the rearward position.
DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
A first example less lethal device, in the form of a less-lethal pistol, is
indicated by reference numeral 10 in figure 1. The less-lethal device 10
typically comprises a body 12 having a grip portion 14 for handling the
device 10 and a barrel 16 through which a projectile (not shown in figure 1)
is propelled in use. A magazine (which is generally shown as 18 in figure 1)
is provided within the grip portion 14. The device 10 is specifically adapted
for propelling substantially spherical projectiles. The magazine 18 is
utilised
to house a number of the spherical projectiles, and to load projectiles into a
breech of the barrel. A canister of compressed gas 20 is located within the
body 12, and typically, below the barrel 16. The canister 20 is locked in
position within the body 12, by a locking cap 22, typically provided with a
screw-in or bayonet-type locking mechanism. A release valve 24 is provided
to vent a predetermined volume of compressed gas into the barrel 16,
thereby to propel the projectile therefrom. The release valve 24 and canister
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
29
20 are therefore operatively arranged in fluid-flow communication. The
release of gas by the release valve 24 is triggered by a trigger mechanism
26, which hinges about a hinge point 28. Typically, the trigger mechanism
26 triggers a hammer (or cock) 34, which actuates the release valve 24.
A puncture mechanism 30 is provided to initially puncture or open a seal
(not shown) provided over a mouth (not shown) of the canister 20. The
canister 20 (also known as a cartridge) is of the known kind and is typically
filled with compressed carbon dioxide (CO2). A pressure tube 32 connects
the canister 20, via the puncture mechanism 30, to the release valve 24.
It will be understood that the less lethal device 10 could take various forms
or configurations other than that of a pistol, and may include such
configurations as rifles and the like. It will also be understood that
components as described herein may be compatible with such other
configurations. Throughout the remainder of this disclosure, references to
the less lethal device 10 will be made in respect of a device of the pistol
configuration.
A first example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by reference numeral
18.1 in figures 2 to 9. The magazine 18.1 is specifically adapted for housing
a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles 36, in a "double stacked"
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
configuration, as best shown in figures 8 and 9, and as is more fully
described below.
The magazine comprises an elongate hollow body 38 with a closed first end
5 (not shown in the figures ¨ it will however be understood that the closed
first
end comprises a bottom of the magazine, and is similar to conventional
magazines in this regard) and a second end 42 which defines an opening
44 into the hollow body 38, through which spherical projectiles 36 are loaded
into the hollow body 38, or received from the hollow body 38 (as will be
10 described in more detail below).
The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a first follower 46 within the
hollow body 38, which is displaceable from a position proximate the first end
of the hollow body 38 (as is shown in figure 9) in a direction of the second
15 end 42, for a first distance 48. The first follower 46 is biased towards
the
second end 42 by a biasing means, typically in the form of a first spring 50.
The magazine 18.1 furthermore comprises a second follower 52 within the
hollow body 38, which is also displaceable from a position proximate the first
20 end of the hollow body 38 (as is shown in figure 9) in a direction of
the
second end 42, for a second distance 53. As can be seen in figure 2, the
first distance 48 exceeds the second distance 53. The second follower 52 is
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
31
also biased towards the second end 42 by a biasing means, typically in the
form of a second spring 54. When the second follower 52 is displaced the
second distance 53 away from the first end, the second follower 52 is
inhibited from being displaced further towards the second end 42, and
remains at a predetermined position 56 along the length of the body 38, as
it is indicated in figures 2 to 5. Also, as can be seen in figure 2, the first
follower 46 is free to move beyond the predetermined position 56, towards
the second end 42.
Typically, a guide formation (not shown) is provided for guiding the second
follower 52 during its displacement, relative to the body 38. The guide
formation typically comprises a ridge-and-groove formation. Therefore,
either the ridge may be formed on an inner wall of the body 38 and the
groove formed on the second follower 52, or the ridge may be formed on
the second follower 52 and the groove may be formed on the inner wall of
the body 38. The ridge and groove are arranged in mating fashion, so that
the second follower 52 may be displaced in sliding fashion relative to the
body 38.
When the first and second followers (46, 52) are located between the
predetermined position 56 and the first end, the first and second followers
(46, 52) are situated side-by-side (as is shown in figures 5 to 9). A first
cross-
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
32
sectional dimension, such as a first width 58 of the magazine 18.1, at the
first end exceeds a second cross-sectional dimension, such as a second
width 60 of the magazine 18.1 at the second end.
A first portion 62 of the body 38 (which is located between the first end and
the predetermined position 56) has opposing outer walls (62.1 and 62.2)
which are substantially parallel to each other.
A second portion 64 of the body 38 (which is located between the
predetermined position 56 and the second end 42) has opposing outer walls
(64.1 and 64.2) which converge towards each other.
A neck portion 66 of the body 38 is located proximate the second end 42.
The neck portion 66 defines an inner cavity which, in cross-section, is
similar
in shape and size as the opening 44. The opening 44 is substantially
circular, and therefore the inner cavity of the neck section 66 is
substantially
cylindrical. The size of the opening 44 and the substantially cylindrical
inner
cavity of the neck portion 66 is such that a spherical projectile 36 may pass
therethrough without being obstructed.
Similarly, the first follower 46 is shaped and sized such that it may protrude
at least partially into the inner cavity of the neck portion 66. The first
follower
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
33
46 has a convex head 68, which comes into direct contact with a first
spherical projectile 36.1 that is loaded into the magazine. The spherical
head 68 urges against the first projectile 36.1 while the first follower 46 is
displaced towards the first end. As the first follower 46 is displaced from
proximate the opening 44 towards the first end, the first follower 46
generally
follows a contour of the walls 64.1 and 62.1 of the second and first portions
(64, 62) respectively. A path followed by the first follower 46 between the
first end and the opening 44 is therefore non-linear. The first follower 46
may
therefore pivot relative to the body 38 along the path. By providing the first
follower 46 with the convex head 68, it is ensured that the first follower 46
continually contacts the first spherical projectile 36.1, irrespective of
changes in the relative position of the first spherical projectile 36.1 and
the
first follower 46.
Since a path of the second follower 52 is linear (it is guided by the guide
arrangement) the second follower 52 has a substantially concave portion 69
for receiving a second projectile 36.2.
A coupling arrangement which comprises a catch or shoulder formation 70
on the second follower 52, and a hook or protuberance 72 on the first
follower 72 is provided. It will readily be appreciated that the coupling
arrangement may take various other variations, such as where the hook or
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
34
protuberance 72 is formed on the second follower 52 and the catch or
shoulder formation 70 is formed on the first follower 46.
The magazine 18.1 is designed to house seven spherical projectiles in a
staggered configuration. It will be appreciated that by loading the spherical
projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration, the magazine 18.1 is
significantly
more compact than a magazine that doesn't allow a staggered configuration
would be.
Figure 2 shows the magazine 18.1 without any spherical projectiles loaded
therein. In figure 3 the first spherical projectile 36.1 is loaded through the
opening 44 into the magazine 18.1, and the first follower 46 is displaced a
little towards the first end.
In figure 4 the second spherical projectile 36.2 is loaded through the opening
44 into the magazine 18.1. The second spherical projectile 36.2 urges
against the first spherical projectile 36.1 causing the first follower 46 to
be
displaced a little further towards the first end. The first follower 46 now
starts
moving in next to the second follower 52.
In figure 5 a third spherical projectile 36.3 is loaded through the opening 44
into the magazine. The third spherical projectile 36.3 urges against the
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
second spherical projectile 36.2. The concave portion 69 is slanted slightly
towards the first follower 46, and so the first spherical projectile 36.1
follows
the first follower 46. As further spherical projectiles are loaded, the shapes
of the spherical projectiles cause each subsequent spherical projectile to
5 move to a different side of the magazine 18.1.
As can be seen in figure 5, at a specific point, the catch or shoulder 70 and
the hook or protuberance 72 becomes coupled, so that the first and second
followers (46, 52) move together towards the first end.
Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine 18.1 occurs in
reverse order as order of the loading of the projectiles 36 into the magazine
18.1, as was described above. A stiffness coefficient of the second spring
54 may exceed that of the first spring 50.
By providing two separate followers, and limiting the second distance 53, it
is ensured that the first projectile 36.1 can easily be unloaded from the
magazine 18.1, by the first follower 46 moving freely towards the opening
44, despite the converging of the opposing walls (64.1, 64.2).
A second example magazine for the device 10 is indicated by reference
numeral 18.2 in figures 10 to 17. The magazine 18.2 is also adapted for
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
36
housing a plurality of substantially spherical projectiles 36, in a "double
stacked" configuration, as can be seen in figures 16 and 17, and as is more
fully described below. The magazine 18.2 is operatively received, similar to
the magazine 18.1, in the grip portion 14 of the device 10.
The magazine 18.2 comprises an elongate hollow body 80 defining an
internal cavity 82, in which the projectiles are housed or received in use.
The body 80 has a closed first end 84 and a second end 86 which defines
an opening 88 through which spherical projectiles 36 are received into or
from the internal cavity 82.
A ridge formation 90 projects from a side wall 92 of the body 80, into the
internal cavity 82. The ridge formation 90 projects from the first end 84
towards the second end 86 for a first distance 94. As can be seen in the
figures, the ridge formation 90 does not extend all the way to the second
end 86.
The ridge formation 90 defines a first and second adjoining and substantially
cylindrical channel (or race or groove) (96, 98), each for housing a number
of spherical projectiles 36 in a staggered configuration (as is described in
more detail below).
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
37
The magazine 18.2 also comprises a follower 100 which is displaceable
from a first position to a second position relative to the body 80. In the
first
position, the follower 100 is located within the first channel 96 and
proximate
the first end 84, whilst in the second position, the follower has exited the
first
channel 96 and is located proximate the opening 88.
A biasing means, such as a spring 101 (shown in figures 18 to 20) is
provided between the first end 84 and the follower 100, so that the follower
is biased towards the second position. A first end of the spring 101 may be
fixed to, and my therefore urge against, the first end 84. When the follower
100 is located in the second position, the spring 101 extends along and out
of the first channel 96. The diameter of the spring 101 may therefore be
slightly smaller than the channel 96. When the spring 101 is compressed (in
other words, when the follower 100 is displaced against the bias to the first
position) the first channel 96 acts as a guide, to ensure that the spring 101
does not deflect into the second channel 98.
The body 80 forms a neck 102 towards the second end 86. The neck 102
defines an internal passage which corresponds in shape and size to the
opening 88. The opening 88, and therefore the internal passage of the neck
102 is substantially circular, and large enough to allow a spherical
projectile
36 to pass therethrough uninhibited or without obstruction.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
38
A guide formation 104 is provided for guiding the follower 100 during its
displacement between the first and second positions relative to the body 88.
The guide formation typically comprises a ridge-and-groove formation. As is
shown in figures 12 and 13, the groove 104 is typically formed on the side
wall 92 of the body 80. A ridge (or protuberance such as a pin 106 which is
best indicated in figure 15) is formed on the follower 100, and arranged to
be received and to slide within the groove 104. It will readily be appreciated
that the ridge may be formed on the side wall 92 and the groove one the
follower 100, without departing from the scope of the invention.
The follower 100 is sized such that at least a portion thereof protrudes into
the neck 102 when the follower is in the second position. The follower has
a substantially convex outer surface or head 108, with a seat 110 for
receiving a first projectile 36.1 received within the magazine 18.2.
The first and second channels (96, 98) extend substantially parallel to each
other and intersect each other along a length thereof. When viewed from
the top, the first and second channels (96, 98) are substantially 8-shaped or
waisted. A lengthwise opening is therefore formed between the first and
second channels (96, 98). Therefore, when a projectile 36 is located in the
first channel 96, a portion of the projectile 36 will project into the second
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
39
channel 98. Similarly, a projectile 36 which is located in the second channel
98, will partially project into the first channel 96 (it will be appreciated
that
the spring 101, by virtue of its diameter will also project slightly into the
second channel 98, but will not deflect into the second channel 98).
The first and second channels (96, 98) terminate into a receiving zone 112.
The receiving zone 112 tapers or converges towards the neck portion 102
of the body 88.
In use, the first projectile 36.1 is received through the opening 88 and neck
102 into the receiving zone 112, whilst being located in the seat 110 of the
follower 100. The first projectile 36.1 therefore displaces the follower 100
by
a first portion towards the first position. The first projectile 36.1 will
therefore
move with the follower 100 into the first channel 96 as further projectiles
are
received into the internal cavity 82. As a second projectile 36.2 is received
into the internal cavity 82, outer surfaces of the first and second
projectiles
(36.1, 36.2) interact, so that the second projectile 36.2 moves towards the
second channel 98.
An outer surface of a third projectile 36.3 will interact with the outer
surface
of the second projectile 36.2, so that the third projectile 36.3 will again be
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
received in the first channel 96. In this way, subsequent projectiles are
stored in a staggered formation.
Since both of the first and second projectiles (36.1, 36.2) project partially
5 into
the adjoining channel, the second projectile's 36.2 displacement within
the second channel 98 is limited by the first projectile 36.1. Therefore, as
projectiles are unloaded from the magazine 18.2 in use, and as the follower
is displaced towards the second position under the influence of the bias, the
first projectile 36.1 will urge the second projectile 36.2 towards the opening
10 88,
whilst the second projectile 36.2 will urge the third projectile 36.3
towards the opening 88, and so on.
The interaction between projectiles in the adjoining channels enables the
use of a single follower 100 to unload projectiles 36 from both channels (96,
15 98).
Furthermore, since the size of the follower is such that it can fit at least
partially through the neck portion 102 and the opening 88, it can be
displaced along the length of the body, even though the body 80 converges
in the receiving zone 82, allowing the first projectile to be unloaded from
the
magazine 18.2, without the follower requiring complex movable geometry.
20 A path
followed by the follower 100 is substantially linear, which aids in the
effective discharging or unloading of the projectiles 36 through the opening
88. It will be understood that the specific geometry of the receiving zone is
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
41
critical to the operation of the magazine 18.2 the form described above, and
specifically with regards to the staggering of subsequent projectiles 36 in
the adjoining first and second channels (96, 98).
It will again be appreciated that by loading the spherical projectiles 36 in a
staggered configuration, the magazine 18.2 is significantly more compact
than a magazine that doesn't allow a staggered configuration would be.
Figure 15 shows the magazine 18.2 without any spherical projectiles loaded
therein, with the follower 100 in the second position. In figure 16 a fifth
spherical projectile 36.1 is loaded through the opening 44 into the magazine
18.2, and the follower 100 is displaced towards the first position. Here the
follower has entered into the first channel 96.
Unloading of the spherical projectiles 36 from the magazine 18.2 occurs in
reverse order as order of the loading of the projectiles 36 into the magazine
18.2, as was described above.
Each of the first and second example magazines (18.1, 18.2) is provided
with a catch formation 120. The catch formation 120 will however be
described with specific reference to the first example magazine 18.1. The
catch formation 120 is located proximate the opening 44 of the body 38. The
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
42
catch formation 120 comprises a stopper 122 which is pivotably
displaceable between a first position relative to the opening 44 (shown in
figure 11) and a second position relative to the opening 44 (typically shown
in figure 14).
When the stopper 122 is in the first position, the opening 44 is partially
obstructed so that the projectiles located within the magazine 18 is
obstructed or inhibited from moving through the opening 44, whilst, when
the stopper 122 is in the second position, the projectiles are free to move
through the opening 44.
The catch formation 120 is mounted to the outside of the body 38, by means
of screws 124 such that it is allowed to pivot between the first and second
positions, as is indicated in figure 14.
A biasing means in the form of a torsion spring (not shown) is provided for
biasing the stopper 122 to the first position.
An outer surface of the catch formation 120 acts as an actuation surface
126. When the magazine 18 is inserted into the grip portion 14 of the device
10, an internal formation of the body 12, acting as an actuator 128 (best
shown in figures 18 to 20) urges against the actuation surface 126, and
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
43
causes the stopper 122 to pivot to the second position, thereby allowing the
projectiles to be received into the barrel 16 of the device 10.
When projectiles are loaded into the magazine 18, the stopper 122 is
pivoted to the second position by a user. Being located on the outside of the
body 38 eases the handling of the catch formation 120 considerably.
The stopper 122 is shaped such that a resultant force exerted by the
projectile on the stopper 122 does not cause the stopper 122 to be pivoted
to the second position.
When the magazine 18 is inserted into the grip portion 14, the catch
formation 120 is displaced so that the top spherical projectile 36 is allowed
to move from the magazine 18, into the breech of the barrel 16.
In figure 18, the magazine 18 is shown in an operative position within the
grip portion 14. While being inserted into this position, the actuator 128
urged against the actuation surface 126, thereby causing the stopper 122 to
be pivoted from the first to the second positions. Subsequently, a first
spherical projectile 36.1 was received through the opening 88 into the
breech of the barrel 16. A second spherical projectile 36.2 is located
immediately below the first spherical projectile 36.2. Should the first
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
44
spherical projectile 36.1 now be propelled from the barrel 16, the follower
100 would cause the second spherical projectile 36.2 to move into the
breech of the barrel 16, ready to be propelled therefrom.
In some cases, however, a user may opt to remove the magazine 18 before
propelling the first spherical projectile 36.1 from the barrel 16. This is
shown
in figures 19 and 20. In figure 19, the magazine 18 has been released from
its position within the grip portion 14 (and as shown in figure 18), and has
been displaced a first distance downwardly. As is shown in figure 19, the
arrangement of the actuator 128 and the stopper 122 causes the stopper to
move to the first position before the second projectile 36.2 is displaced
relative to the first projectile 36.1. Now the stopper obstructs the opening
88, thereby inhibiting the second spherical projectile 36.2 from moving
through the opening 88. As is shown in figure 20, the second spherical
projectile 36.2 is retained within the magazine as it is moved further
downwardly, and out of the grip portion 14.
The combination of the location of the actuator 128, the fact that the stopper
122 is mounted to the outside of the body of the magazine 18 and the
geometry of the stopper 122, ensures that the second spherical projectile
36.2 is retained within the magazine 18 when it is removed from the grip
portion 14. Also, since the stopper 122 is mounted to the outside of the body
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
of the magazine 18, the neck portion 102 of the magazine 18 is less bulky
than neck portions of conventional magazines, and consequently, the neck
portion 102 may be advanced closer to the breech of the barrel 16, to assist
in retaining the second spherical projectile 36.2 when removing the
5 magazine 18.
It will be appreciated that the catch formation 120 can equally be used with
a magazine adapted for use with finned elongate projectiles (such as
projectiles 202 described below and shown in figures 33 and 34). Also, it will
10 be appreciated that the catch formation 120 can be used with a magazine
adapted to store a plurality of projectiles in a non-staggered fashion.
As is typically shown in figure 26, the release valve 24 comprises a receiving
projection 130 for receiving the spherical projectile 36 from the magazine
15 18. The receiving projection 130 may be substantially semi-cylindrical.
A
retention flap 132 is provided towards one side of receiving projection 130.
The retention flap 132 is manufactured from an elastic material, and is
biased inwardly, such that when the spherical projectile 36 is received within
the receiving projection 130, the retention flap 132 is displaced by the
20 spherical projectile 36 against the bias. The retention flap 132 exerts
a force
on the spherical projectile 36, thereby gripping the spherical projectile 36
between itself and an opposing wall portion of the receiving projection 130.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
46
This prevents a spherical projectile 36 located within the receiving
projection
130 from falling from the receiving projection 130 when the magazine 18 is
removed from the grip portion 14. Alternatively, the retention flap 132 may
be configured to be moved out of the way against the bias as the projectile
is inserted into the receiving projection 130, and may return under the
influence of the bias, to catch the projectile 36, preventing it from falling
from
the receiving projection 130.
The receiving projection 130 comprises a substantially cylindrical portion
134. A seal in the form of an 0-ring 136 is provided around the cylindrical
portion 134.
In order for the spherical projectile 36 to be received by the receiving
projection 130, the barrel 16 needs to move away from the release valve 24
to create an opening for the spherical projectile 36 to move through. A barrel
displacement mechanism 140 (shown in figures 21 to 25) is provided for this
purpose. The barrel 16 is allowed to slide axially within the body 12, between
a first position, which is a forward position in which the opening for the
projectile 36 is created, and a second position, which is a rearward position,
in which the barrel 16 is located over the receiving projection 130. The
barrel
16 will be located in the second position when the projectile 36 is propelled
from the barrel 16.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
47
The barrel 16 is biased towards the first (forward) position (as shown in
figures 21 and 22). A lock ring 142 is located towards a front end of the
barrel 16. A spring 144 (shown in figure 1) is provided over the barrel 16,
with a first end arranged in contact with the lock ring 142. A second end of
the spring 144 contacts an internal shoulder formed on the body 12. The
barrel is moved to the second or rearward position (as shown in figures 24
and 25) against bias created by the spring 144, so that the barrel 16
naturally
returns to the first (forward) position.
The barrel displacement mechanism 140 comprises a formation or shoulder
146 located on the barrel. The formation or shoulder 146 may be in the form
of a ring which is integrally formed on the barrel. Alternatively, the
formation
or shoulder 146 may be in the form of a ring locked in position relative to
the
barrel by shrink fitting, a lock pin or the like. A low-friction bush 148 may
be
provided to urge against the formation or shoulder 146. The bush 148 may
typically be manufactured from a wear resistant material, such as a plastics,
self-lubricating material.
An actuator member 150 is provided in contact with the formation or
shoulder 146. The actuator member 150 is arranged in communication with
the trigger mechanism 26, such that actuation of the trigger mechanism 26
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
48
by the user, causes the actuator member 150 to urge against the bush 148
and formation or shoulder 146 thereby to displace the barrel 16 from the first
(forward) axial position, to the second axial (rearward) position.
The actuator member 150 is pivotably mounted relative to the barrel 16, and
is free to pivot about pivot point 152. The actuator member 150 comprises
at least a first, but typically also a second, actuation arm 154 (one located
on either side of the barrel 16). An end region 156 of the actuation arm is
arranged in sliding contact with the bush 148, to urge against the formation
or shoulder 146. The bush 146 is therefore provided between the formation
or shoulder 146 and the end region 156 to reduce friction or prevent wear
when the end region 156 displaces the barrel 16 to the second (rearward)
position.
The communication between the trigger mechanism 26 and the actuator
member 150 is in the form of cogs or teeth of respective gears provided in
mesh. A plurality (typically three or more) cogs or teeth 158 are provided on
the actuator member 150, whilst a plurality of cogs or teeth 160 are provided
on the trigger mechanism 26. Therefore, when the trigger mechanism 26 is
actuated by a user, the respective teeth (158, 160) interact, causing the
arms 154 to pivot about the pivot point 152.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
49
In figures 21 and 22 the barrel 16 is shown in the first (forward) position,
and
the trigger mechanism 26 is not actuated. The gap or opening is now created
for the spherical projectile 36 to be received into the receiving projection
130. The spherical projectile 36 is urged into the receiving projection 130 by
the follower, or a subsequent projectile 36 received within the magazine 18,
in which case, there will be contact between the spherical projectile 36
located in the receiving projection 130 and the subsequent projectile 36. In
figure 23, a user starts actuating the trigger mechanism 26, so that the
actuator member 150 starts pivoting about the pivot point 152, and so that
the end regions 156 of the arms 154 starts urging against the bush 148,
thereby causing the barrel 16 to be displaced away from the first (forward)
axial position, in the direction of the second (rearward) position. In figure
24, the trigger mechanism is in its fully actuated position, and the barrel 16
is located in the second (rearward) position. From figure 25, it can be seen
that the barrel 16 has now been displaced over the cylindrical portion 134
of the receiving projection 130, and the inner surface of the barrel 16 seals
over the seal 136. Therefore, when the release valve 24 vents the
predetermined volume of compressed gas into the barrel 16, the seal 136
prevents compressed gas from escaping between the barrel 16 and the
release valve 24. It will be appreciated that the barrel 16, as it is
displaced
to the second (rearward) position, urges the subsequent spherical projectile
36 out of the way.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
As soon as the barrel 16 is located in the second (rearward) position, the
release valve 24 is actuated, so that the spherical projectile 36 is propelled
from the barrel 16. When the trigger mechanism 26 is released by the user,
5 the
barrel 16 will return to the first (forward) position under the bias of the
spring 144, allowing the subsequent spherical projectile 36 to be received
into the receiving projection 130, ready to be propelled from the barrel 16.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the formation 146 may take the
10 form of
a rack, whilst the actuator member 150 may comprise a number of
cogs arranged to interact with the rack, to form a rack-and-pinion type
interaction between the trigger mechanism 26 and the barrel 16, arranged
such that the barrel will be displaced to the rearward position when the
trigger mechanism 26 is actuated.
In another alternative embodiment (which is not shown), the barrel
displacement mechanism 140 may take the form of a link body pivotably
arranged between the formation and the trigger mechanism 26, whilst the
trigger mechanism 26 is provided with a cam surface for urging against the
link body when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated, thereby causing the
barrel 16 to be displaced to the rearward position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
51
In yet another alternative embodiment (which is not shown) the barrel
displacement mechanism 140 comprises a pin received within a slot. The
pin is actuated via a lever associated with the trigger mechanism 26, when
the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or pulled. When the pin is actuated, it
slides within the slot, causing the barrel 16 to be displaced to the rearward
position.
In a further alternative embodiment (which is not shown) the barrel
displacement mechanism 140 comprises a multi-link or lever system,
wherein the links or levers are pivotably connected by pins. The
arrangement may be such that the links or levers pivot relative to each other
when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated, thereby displacing the barrel 16
to the rearwards position. It will be appreciated that, by changing the
configuration of the various links, such as by limiting relative displacements
of some of the links, or by the addition or exclusion of a link, the
arrangement
may be changed to cause the barrel to be displaced to a forward position
when the trigger mechanism 26 is actuated or pulled (as is described below
in relation to the device 200).
In some cases, a spherical projectile 36 that has been received within the
receiving projection 130 needs to be released (typically when the magazine
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
52
18 is removed from the grip portion 14). A release mechanism 176 is
provided for this purpose.
The release mechanism 176 comprises an indicator body 178 which is held
by the body 12 of the device 10, such that a portion of the indicator body
178 projects outside of the body 12. The indicator body 178 is displaceable
between an elevated position (typically shown in figure 28) in which a portion
of the indicator body stands proud of the body 12, and a lowered position
(typically shown in figure 27). The indicator body 178 is typically arranged
to pivot between the elevated position and the lowered position, although it
will readily be understood that the indicator body 178 may similarly be
received within a slot formed in the body 12 so that the indicator body 178
may axially slide between the elevated and lowered positions.
The release mechanism 176 is configured such that the indicator body 178
is displaced to the elevated position when a projectile 36 is held within the
receiving projection 130. When the indicator body 178 is urged to the
lowered position, a force is exerted on the projectile 36, to cause the
projectile 36 to be released from the receiving projection 130. The receiving
projection 130 comprises a displaceable release body 180, which is
pivotably fixed to the receiving projection 130. When the projectile 36 is
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
53
received by the receiving projection 130, the release body 180 contacts the
projectile 36.
A contact portion 182 of the indicator body 178 urges against the release
body 180. A spring (not shown) urges the indicator body 178 into contact
with the release body 180. The spring is however, not strong enough to
cause the release body to release the projectile 36 from the receiving
projection 130. The release body 180 is therefore provided between the
projectile 36 and the indicator body 178. When the indicator body 178 is
urged to the lowered position by a user, the contact portion 182 transmits a
force to the release body 180, which in turn transmits the force to the
projectile 36, to cause the projectile 36 to be released from the receiving
projection 130. The release body 180 is pivotably fixed to the receiving
projection 130.
The indicator body 178 furthermore comprises an indicator surface 184
which is concealed when the indicator body is in the lowered position, but
visible to a user, when the indicator body 178 is in the elevated position.
The
indicator surface 184 is typically marked, such that when the marked portion
of the indicator surface 184 is visible, a user is notified thereby that a
projectile 36 is located within the receiving projection 130 of the device 10.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
54
In figure 26, there is no projectile 36 located in the receiving projection
130,
and consequently the indicator body 178 is in the lowered position. Figure
27, shows a projectile while it is received into the receiving projection 130,
but just before it causes the release body 180 to be displaced. In figure 28,
the projectile is received within the receiving projection 130, and the
indicator body 178 is in the elevated position with the indicator surface 184
visible to the user of the device 10.
If the user now removes the magazine 18 from the grip portion 14, and
presses on the indicator body 178, the release body 180 will move the
projectile 36 to the position shown in figure 27, and the projectile will fall
through the cavity within the grip portion in which the magazine 18 is usually
received.
Since the indicator body 178 is arranged to rest on the release body 180, it
will be moved out of the way when the barrel 16 is displaced to the second
(rearward) position.
Even though the projectile 36 is held in position in the receiving projection
130 by the retention flap 132, the projectile 36 might become dislodged if
the barrel 16 is bumped or if the device 10 is dropped on its barrel 16. A
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
projectile detent is provided to inhibit the projectile from accidentally
becoming dislodged from the receiving projection 130.
The projectile detent comprises a detent body 190. A first portion 192 of the
5 detent
body 190 is fixed to the body 12 of the device 10. As can be seen in
the top view of figure 30, a second portion 194 of the detent body 190 curves
inwardly such that a first end 196 of the detent body 190 contacts the
projectile 36 when the barrel 16 is in the first (forwards) position. The
detent
body 190 inhibits the projectile 36 from being dislodged in the manners as
10
discussed above. The detent body 190 is manufactured by a resiliently
deformable material, typically in the form of a plastics material, such as
polypropylene. When the barrel is displaced to the second (rearward)
position, the barrel straightens the second portion 194 of the detent body
190 so that it moves outwardly and away from projectile 36. As the barrel
15 16
slides over the projectile 36, the second portion 194 is forced out of the
way, as is shown in figure 31. When the barrel 16 is displaced back to the
first (forward) position, the second portion 194 moves back to its curved
form, ready to retain a projectile 36 in its position. As indicated, two
detent
bodies are typically provided, one on either side of the barrel 16.
A second example less lethal device, in the form of a less-lethal pistol, is
indicated by reference numeral 200 in figure 32. The less-lethal device 200
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
56
is similar to the first example less lethal device 10 in many respects, and
functions substantially similarly. The second less lethal device 200 therefore
comprises a similar body 12, grip portion 14, canister 20 (not shown in figure
32), locking cap 22, release valve 24, trigger mechanism 26, hinge 28,
puncture mechanism 30, pressure tube 32 and hammer 34.
The second device 200 differs from the first device 10 in that it is adapted
specifically for propelling non-spherical projectiles (such as the projectile
202 shown in figures 33 and 34). The projectile 202 comprises a body 204,
a capsule 206 at a front portion of the body 204, which capsule may take
the form of a conventional spherical projectile, or may be defined by a cap
received over an open end of the body 204. A substance is received within
the capsule 206. Towards a rear end of the body 204, a plurality of fins 208
are arranged which imparts spin on the projectile 202 in flight. An annular
airfoil 210 is arranged around an extremity of the fins 208. The annular
airfoil
210 improves in-flight aerodynamics of the projectile, and enables stacking
of the projectiles 202 in a magazine (as will be described in more detail
below).
The second device 200 comprises a magazine 212, which is provided for
receiving a plurality of projectiles 202. The device 200 also comprises a
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
57
barrel 214 from which projectiles 202 are projected in use. The barrel 214
differs from the barrel 16 in certain respects, as will be described below.
The device 200 further comprises a loading mechanism 216 which forms a
breech of the device 200. The loading mechanism 216 is shown in more
detail in figures 35 to 50. In use, the loading mechanism 216 constitutes an
extension of the barrel 214. The magazine 212 is arranged such that an
open end 44 thereof is located proximate the loading mechanism 216 in use.
As will be described in more detail below, the loading mechanism 216 is
utilised to load projectiles 202 from the magazine 212 into the barrel 214.
The loading mechanism 216 comprises a first body 218 and a second body
220 which are fixed to the device 200 such that the first and second bodies
(218, 220) can pivot relative to each other in use. The first and second
bodies (218, 220) define an internal cavity 222 between them. The first and
second bodies (218, 220) are configurable between a first configuration
(which is typically shown in figure 35) and a second configuration (which is
typically shown in figure 36). When the first and second bodies (218, 220)
are configured in the first configuration, the first and second bodies (218,
220) are pivoted towards each other so that the internal cavity 222 is
substantially cylindrical, having an inner diameter substantially similar to
the
bore of the barrel 214. Therefore, each of the first and second bodies (218,
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
58
220) has a substantially semi-cylindrical inner surface. Consequently, in the
first configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) act as an
extension
of the barrel 214 and the first and second bodies (218, 220) form a breech
of the barrel 214.
When the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in the second
configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivoted away from
each other, so that an opening 224 is defined into the internal cavity 222. In
use, the projectile 202 is received into the internal cavity 222 through the
opening 224.
A biasing member, in the form of a spring (not shown) is provided to bias
the first and second bodies (218, 220) to the second configuration.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) are pivotably fixed to the device 200
by means of first and second pins (226, 228) respectively, which are
received within cylindrical slots formed towards top portions of the first and
second bodies (218, 220). As is described more fully below, the first and
second bodies (218, 220) are can furthermore slide axially along the first
and second pins (226, 228).
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
59
The first and second bodies (218, 220) furthermore comprise first and
second actuating formations or surfaces (230, 232) which are formed
towards the top portion of the first and second bodies (218, 220).
Each of the first and second actuating formations (230, 232) comprise a first
surface 234, a second surface 236 which is disposed at an acute angle
relative to the first surface 234, and a connecting surface 238 which tapers,
bevels or twists from the first surface 234 to the second surface 236. The
arrangement is such that, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
configured in the first configuration, the first surfaces 234 of the first and
second actuating formations are substantially parallel, whilst, when
configured in the second configuration, the second surfaces 236 are
substantially parallel.
A slide (not shown) of the device 200 (which slide forms the top outer part
of the body 12 surrounding the barrel 214, and which slide is similar to
slides
of conventional pistols) is provided with an internal actuation surface (not
shown) which in use, is arranged proximate the first and second actuation
formations (230, 232). When the slide is in a forward position, the actuation
surface contacts the first surfaces 234, thereby forcing the first and second
bodies (218, 220) towards the first configuration. When the slide is in a
rearwards position, the actuation surface no longer contacts the first
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
surfaces 234 but rather contacts the second surfaces 236 so that the first
and second bodies (218, 220) are configured to the second configuration.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) move to the second configuration
under the bias of the spring, and so the actuating surface effectively limits
5 the degree to which the first and second bodies (218, 220) may pivot away
from each other under the bias of the spring.
When the slide is moved from the forward to the rearwards position, the
actuation surface slides from the first surface 234, over the third surface
238
10 towards the second surface 236. The shape or contour of the third
surface
238 therefore allows the first and second bodies (218, 220) to gradually
move from the first configuration to the second configuration, and back.
It will be appreciated that the angular disposition of the second surfaces 236
15 relative to the first surfaces 234 causes the first and second bodies
(218,
220) to change configuration. Therefore, the first surfaces 234 need not
necessarily be parallel to each other when the first and second bodies (218,
220) are in the first configuration, provided the actuation surface is adapted
for this. The same holds for the second surfaces 236 when the first and
20 second bodies (218, 220) are in the second configuration.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
61
It will be appreciated that the first and second bodies (218, 220) may
alternatively (not shown) be biased by the biasing member, to the first
configuration, in which case interaction between the actuation surface of the
slide (not shown) and the first and second actuation formations (230, 232)
will cause the first and second bodies (218, 220) to move, against the bias,
to the second configuration. In such a case, the contour of the first and
second actuation formations (230, 232) will be adapted accordingly.
The slide is biased towards the forward position, and therefore moves
towards the rearwards position against the bias.
A first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged proximate a first
end 242 of the barrel 214. A shoulder arrangement 244 is provided between
the first ends (240, 242) of the loading mechanism 216 and the barrel 214
so that, the loading arrangement 216 and the barrel 214 seals operatively,
when provided in contact with each other (when the first and second bodies
(218, 220) are configured in the first configuration). The shoulder
arrangement 244 furthermore aligns the internal cavity 222 with the bore of
the barrel 214, so that the loading mechanism 216 acts as an extension of
the barrel 214. Therefore, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are
in the first configuration, the first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216
seals against the first end 242 of the barrel 214.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
62
A second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 is arranged proximate the
pressure discharge valve 24. It will be noted that the pressure discharge
valve 24 used in the device 200 differs slightly from the pressure release
valve used in the device 10. More particularly, the pressure discharge valve
24 of the device 200 does not comprise a receiving projection 130, as this
function is fulfilled by the loading mechanism 216. When the first and second
bodies (218, 220) are in the first configuration, the loading mechanism 216
seals against the release valve 24. A second shoulder arrangement 248 is
provided for creating a tight seal. Therefore, when the release valve 24 is
triggered, a predetermined volume of compressed gas is vented into the
loading mechanism 216, so that the projectile 202 contained within the
internal cavity is propelled from the barrel 216.
Therefore, when the first and second bodies (218, 220) are configured in
the first configuration the first end 242 of the barrel 214 seals against the
first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216, whilst the second end 246 of
the loading mechanism 216 seals against the release valve 24.
As is described in more detail below, when the slide of the device 200 is
moved to the rearwards position, the barrel 214 is caused to move forward
axially, slightly away from the first end 240 so that the shoulder arrangement
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
63
244 disengages and so that a first gap 250 is formed between the barrel 214
and the loading mechanism 216. Also, when the slide of the device 200 is
moved to the rearwards position, the loading mechanism 216 slides axially
forwards along the first and second pins (226, 228), so that the second end
246 of the loading mechanism 216 moves slightly away from the release
valve 24 causing the second shoulder 248 to disengage, and so that a
second gap 252 is formed between the loading mechanism 216 and the
release valve 24.
The first and second gaps (250, 252) allows the first and second bodies
(218, 220) to move to the second configuration without obstruction.
The first and second bodies (218, 220) are allowed to slide axially on the
first and second pins (226, 228) respectively, between a rearward position
wherein the second end 246 of the loading mechanism 216 seals against
the discharge valve 24, and a forward position, wherein the second gap 252
is defined between the loading mechanism 216 and the discharge valve 24.
A biasing means 254 (which may typically take the form of a first and second
spring associated with the first and second bodies (218, 220) respectively,
and which is best shown in figures 51 to 54) may bias the loading
mechanism 216 (and therefore the first and second bodies (218, 220)) to
the forward position. Interaction between the first end 242 of the barrel 214
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
64
and the first end 240 of the loading mechanism 216 causes the loading
mechanism 216 to be displaced, against the bias of the biasing means 254,
to the rearward position. Therefore, when the barrel 214 moves away from
the loading mechanism 216 so that the first gap 250 is formed, the loading
mechanism 216 is displaced to the forward position under the bias of the
biasing means 254. A shoulder 256 limits the axial displacement of the first
and second bodies (218, 220).
The device 200 is provided with a barrel displacement mechanism 258,
which is provided for displacing the barrel 214 between forward and
rearward axial positions. The barrel displacement mechanism 258
comprises an actuation member typically in the form of a pin 260 which
extends from the slide of the device 200 (and which is fixed to the slide so
that it moves with the slide). The pin 260 can therefore be displaced relative
to the barrel 214, by displacing the slide. The pin 260 is arranged to
interact
with an actuation mechanism 262 which is arranged between the pin 260
and the barrel 214. Because of this interaction (and as more fully described
below), when the slide is displaced rearwards (typically by the user of the
device 200) the barrel is displaced to the forwards axial position, and when
the slide is displaced forwards, the barrel is displaced to the rearwards
axial
position.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
The actuation mechanism 262 comprises an actuation body 264 which is
fixed to the body 12 of the device 200, such that the actuation body 264 can
pivot about pivot point 266. The actuation mechanism 262 furthermore
comprises a linking body 268 which is attached to the actuation body 264
5 via a pivot 270. The linking body 268 is furthermore pivotably attached,
via
a flange body 272, to the barrel 214. The flange body 272 is fixed to the
barrel 214 such that no relative movement is allowed between the two. The
linking body 268 is attached to the flange body 272 via a pivot 274. It will
be
understood that all of the pivots (266, 270 and 274) may comprise simple
10 pins.
The actuation body 264 comprises a first actuation surface 276 and a
second actuation surface 278.
15 The barrel 214 is biased towards the forwards axial position, by a
biasing
means 280, typically in the form of a spring, such as a wave spring (which
is used due to spatial constraints). The wave spring 280 is located between
the flange body 272 and a shoulder 282. The shoulder 282 and the pivot
266 cannot move relative to each other. The shoulder 282 is formed on a
20 body 284 which defines a bore 286 through which the barrel 214 extends.
The barrel 214 can therefore be displaced axially within the bore 286. The
shoulder 256 is also formed on the body 284.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
66
When the barrel 214 is located in the rearward position, as is best shown in
figure 51, the actuation body 264 and the linking body 268 are disposed at
an angle 288 relative to each other which is slightly below 180 degrees (the
angle 288 is defined between a first imaginary line 290 which intersects
pivots 266 and 270, and a second imaginary line 292 which intersects pivots
270 and 274). Because of the bias of the biasing means 280, a tangential
force results at the pivot 270 in the direction indicated by the arrow in
figure
51. A stopper surface 294, which may be arranged to interact with either of
the actuation body 264 or the linking body 268, prevents the pivot 270 from
being displaced in the direction of the tangential force, and the barrel 214
remains in the rearward position. The bias of the biasing means 280 and the
interaction of the actuation body 264 with the stopper surface 294 therefore
effectively locks the barrel 214 in the rearward position.
When the slide is displaced to the rearward position, the pin 260 interacts
with the first actuation surface 276 and causes the actuation body 264 to
pivot upwards, as is indicated in figure 52. The angle 288 is now larger than
180 degrees, and the barrel 214 is displaced under the bias of the biasing
means 280 towards the forward position. In figure 52 the first end 242 of the
barrel 214 no longer contacts the first end 240 of the loading mechanism,
as the loading mechanism is in contact with the shoulder 256. The second
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
67
gap 252 has therefore been formed. The barrel 214 moves further forward
under the bias, until the barrel reaches the forward position, as is shown in
figure 53. The first gap 250 has now been formed. It will be appreciated that
the first and second bodies (218, 220) are now free to move to the second
configuration so that the opening 224 is formed.
As the slide is displaced forwards (typically under spring bias), the pin 260
moves forward with the slide, until, as is shown in figure 54, it makes
contact
with the second actuation surface 278, and causes the actuation body 264
to pivot downwardly, until the actuation mechanism 262 returns to the
configuration as shown in figure 51 (as described above, the first and
second bodies (218 and 220) will return to the first configuration as the
slide
is displaced forwards).
The first and second gaps may be between 1mm and 2mm, and therefore,
the barrel 214 may typically be displaced between 2 and 4mm.
In an alternative embodiment (not shown), the arrangement may be such
that the actuation member interacts with the first actuation surface of the
actuation body when the slide moves towards the rearward axial position,
thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device,
so that the barrel is pulled to the forward position by the link body, and
such
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
68
that the actuation member interacts with the second actuation surface of the
actuation body when the slide moves towards the forward axial position,
thereby to cause the actuation body to pivot relative to body of the device,
to push the barrel to the rearward position via the link body.
It will be appreciated that any of the example barrel displacement
mechanisms 140 described above in relation to the device 10 and the barrel
16 may be adapted to displace a barrel to a forward position rather than a
rearward position when the trigger mechanism 26 is pulled or actuated by a
user. It will therefore furthermore be appreciated that the device 200 may
alternatively be fitted with such an adapted barrel displacement mechanism
140 which is actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of the slide,
thereby causing the barrel 214 to be displaced to the forward position.
Similarly, the barrel displacement mechanism 258 may be adapted to be
actuated by the trigger mechanism 26 instead of by the slide.
The opening 224 into the internal cavity 222 may have a cross-sectional
dimension similar, but slightly larger to a diameter of the projectile 202, so
that the projectile 202 may easily be received from the magazine 212 into
the internal cavity 222. A length of the loading mechanism 216 exceeds a
length of the projectile 202.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
69
The first and second bodies (218, 220), first and second actuating
formations (230, 232) and the actuating surface on the slide are all typically
manufactured from a polymeric material, and may be formed by injection
moulding. Alternatively, the first and second bodies (218, 220) may be
manufactured from a metallic material such as stainless steel. The actuating
formations (230, 232) and actuating surface on the slide may similarly be of
a metallic material and may have relatively smooth or polished outer
surfaces, to promote sliding or relative movement between these surfaces.
As described above, an uppermost projectile located in the magazine 212
is urged upwards by other projectiles or a follower, from below. It is
therefore
pressed against the first and second bodies (218, 220), which will initially
be
in the first configuration. As the slide is moved to the rearwards position,
the
first and second bodies (218, 220) moves to the second configuration as
described above, so that the opening 224 is formed. The uppermost
projectile 202 is urged through the opening into the internal cavity 222. The
projectile 202 only has to urged high enough into the internal cavity 222 so
that when the first and second bodies (218, 220) starts moving back to the
first configuration, the first and second bodies (218, 220) will contact a
bottom half of the projectile 202.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
As the slide is allowed to move to the forward position, the first and second
bodies (218, 220) therefore returns to the first configuration, receiving the
projectile 202 into the internal cavity 222. As the opening 224 closes, the
first and second bodies (218, 220) urges the projectile immediately below
5 the uppermost projectile 202 (which is now located within the internal
cavity
222) down, back into the magazine 212.
Should the slide be moved backwards again, the projectile already within
the loading mechanism 216 will prevent the following projectile to move into
10 the loading mechanism 216, and again when the slide is allowed to move
to
the forwards position, the first and second bodies (218, 220) will urge the
following projectile downwardly. In this way, and also since the projectiles
are loaded directly from below and not through a rearward opening of the
barrel, the loading mechanism 216 prevents more than one projectile 202
15 from being loaded into the barrel.
Furthermore, since the first and second bodies (218, 220) remains in the
first configuration as long as the slide is in the forwards position, a
projectile
202 located within the loading mechanism 216 (and therefore within the
20 barrel 212) will not fall from the barrel 212 when the magazine 214 is
removed from the grip 14.
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
71
It will again be understood that the second less lethal device 200 could take
various forms other than that of a pistol, and may include such
configurations as rifles and the like.
It will be understood that the loading mechanism 216 may be adapted for
use with other less-lethal projectiles, and is not limited to use with the
projectile 202.
It will be appreciated that each of the barrel displacement mechanisms 140
(irrespective of whether such a barrel displacement mechanism 140 is
adapted to be used by the device 10 or the device 200, and irrespective of
whether the barrel displacement mechanism 140 causes a barrel to be
displaced to a forward or rearward position when actuated) may be adapted
to be actuated by the slide of the respective device instead of the trigger
mechanism 26.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not
limited
to the precise details as described herein and that many variations are
possible without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention.
The description above is presented in the cause of providing what is
believed to be the most useful and readily understandable description of the
CA 03117574 2021-04-23
WO 2020/084550
PCT/IB2019/059107
72
principles and conceptual aspects of the invention. In this regard, no attempt
is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than
necessary for a fundamental understanding of the invention. The words
used should therefore be interpreted as words of description rather than
words of limitation.
