Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
I
RESIN-GROUTED ROCK BOLT ASSEMBLY WITH AN ADAPTED SEALING
BUSH
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The invention relates to a rock bolt assembly adapted to be grouted
into a rock hole and more specifically to an adapter type device that fits on
the
rock bolt to facilitate the sealing engagement of a nozzle of a grout delivery
device with the rock bolt.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Resin-grouted rock bolt assemblies are well known in the art. Such
assemblies typically include a resin inlet adapter, or the like, which is
engaged
to a proximal end of a rock bolt, positioned to feed a resin into a resin
conduit
provided by a bore formed through the bolt or a sleeve or tube which fits
around the rock bolt, providing an annular conduit.
[0003] The adapter is adapted to receive a resin material from a grout
delivery
source and to channel the resin through the bore or the annular conduit.
[0004] The problem with such assemblies is at least two-fold. Either the
adapter or the resin-tight seals, provided between the adapter and the bolt or
the sleeve, are aligned in the line of action of the installation force. With
respect
to the adapter, this prevents a strong installation force being applied to the
proximal end of the bolt, to avoid damage to the adapter, and with respect to
the seals, this causes compressive damage to the seals.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
2
[0005] Hereinafter, the term "grout" or "resin" is used interchangeably to
mean
any adhesive material which is introduced into the rock hole to adhere the
rock
bolt within the rock hole.
[0006] The invention at least partially sources the aforementioned problem.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
[0007] The invention provides a rock bolt assembly which includes:
an elongate bolt which extends between a distal end and a proximal
end;
a tubular sleeve which longitudinally extends between a leading end
and a trailing end, on the bolt such that at least a proximal end
portion of the bolt projects from the trailing end of the sleeve; and
a nozzle docking bush on the proximal end portion between the
trailing end of the sleeve and the proximal end of the bolt, the bush
having a cylindrical body defined between a first end and a second
end, a central hole formed through the body between the ends, a pair
of spaced apart annular ridges on an outer surface of the cylindrical
body, a grout distributing channel between the annular ridges, and an
aperture in the channel which communicates the channel with the
hole;
wherein the trailing end of the sleeve sealingly engages the nozzle
docking bush at or adjacent the first end;
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
3
wherein the central hole includes a trailing portion which ends at the
second end and which is adapted to sealingly engage the bolt; and
wherein each annular ridge is adapted to seal against a nozzle of a
grout delivery system;
thereby to provide, on engagement of the nozzle with the bush, a
sealed grout passage defined by the grout distributing channel, the
aperture, the central hole and an interior of the sleeve.
[0008] The trailing end of the sleeve may engage a leading portion of the
central hole of the bush and then is press-fitted to an inner surface of the
leading portion in sealing engagement.
[0009] The inner surface of the leading portion may include a formation
against which the trailing end of the sleeve is press-fitted in sealing
engagement.
[0010] The formation may be an annular ridge or an annular recess.
[0011] Alternatively, the bush may be moulded to the trailing end of the
sleeve
to join the leading portion of the central hole to an outer surface of the
trailing
end of the sleeve in sealing engagement.
[0012] The trailing portion of the central hole may be formed with threads to
engage complementary threads on the proximal end portion of the bolt.
[0013] Alternatively, the trailing end portion of the central hole may be
adapted
to friction fit over the proximal end portion.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
4
[0014] Preferably, the second end of the bush may be positioned flush with the
proximal end of the bolt.
[0015] More preferably, the second end may be fixed to the proximal end by
any suitable method such as, for example, welding.
[0016] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The invention is further described by way of examples with reference to
the accompanying drawings in which:
Figure 1 is a view in elevation of a rock bolt assembly, in accordance with
the
invention, and a nozzle of a grout delivery system disengaged from the
assembly;
Figure 2 is a view in longitudinal section of the rock bolt assembly and the
nozzle of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a view in elevation of the rock bolt assembly of Figure 1 with the
nozzle engaged with the assembly;
Figure 4 is a view in longitudinal section of the rock bolt assembly and the
nozzle of Figure 3;
Figures 5A and 5B respectively illustrate, in perspective and in section
respectively, a first embodiment of a nozzle docking bush of the invention;
Figure 6 illustrates a second embodiment of a nozzle docking bush of the
invention;
Figures 7A and 7B respectively illustrate, in perspective and in section
respectively, a third embodiment of a nozzle docking bush of the invention;
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
5
Figure 8A and 8B illustrate, in longitudinal section, the rock bolt assembly,
with
the nozzle in accordance with the second embodiment, being inserted into a
rock hole; and
Figure 9 is a view in perspective of a proximal end of the rock bolt assembly.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0018] Referring to Figures 1 to 4 of the accompanying drawings, a rock bolt
assembly 10 is provided in accordance with the invention. The assembly is
adapted to engage with a grout nozzle 11 at a leading end of a grout delivery
system (not shown).
[0019] The assembly includes a rock bolt 12 having an elongate rod-like
cylindrical body 14, which is adapted with paddle anchors 15, and which
extends between a distal end 16 and a proximal end 18. In this example, the
body has a threaded end section 20 which extends from the trailing end.
[0020] The assembly 10 includes an elongate sleeve 24 which extends
between a leading end 26 and a trailing end 28. The sleeve is adapted to
receive the rock bolt 12 with the distal and proximal ends (16, 18) of the
bolt
extending beyond the leading end and the trailing end (26, 28) respectively of
the sleeve. The sleeve is held in position, on the bolt 12, at least by
frictional
abutment of the leading end with an adjacent paddle anchor 15, which anchor
extends beyond the circumferential dimension of the bolt body 14.
[0021] The assembly 10 further includes a nozzle docking bush 30. This bush
can be one of three embodiments of the bush, 30A, 30B or 30C, illustrated in
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
6
Figures 5, 6 and 7 respectively, each being more fully described below. The
bush of any of the embodiments has a unitary cylindrical body 32 made of a
steel material, which is machined pressed or cast, or moulded from plastic or
a
composite material.
[0022] With reference to Figures 1, 2, 5A and 5B, in describing bush 30A, the
cylindrical body extends between a first end 34 and a second end 36, and has
a central hole 38 which opens at each of these ends. The body has a pair of
spaced apart annular ridges (respectively designated 40A and 40B) projecting
from an outer cylindrical surface 42. Between the ridges, a circumferential
grout
distributing channel 44 is defined. Within the channel, the body 32 has an
aperture 46 which is formed through a wall of the body, fluidly communicating
the channel to the central hole 38.
[0023] Each annular ridge 40, in this non-limiting example, is adapted with a
machined annular groove into which a respective 0-ring seal 48 fits.
[0024] To engage the bush 30A to the rock bolt 12, the rock bolt body 14 is
passed through the bush's central hole 38, proximal end 18 leading. A trailing
portion 38.1 of the hole is circumferentially dimensioned with a small
tolerance
relatively to the bolt to fit over the bolt in tight fit.
[0025] A trailing end 28 portion of the sleeve 24 inserts into a leading
portion
38.2 of the central hole 38, the trailing end coming to rest on a lip or step
49
protruding into the central hole 38.
[0026] To hold the bush in position, above the threaded section 20, with the
trailing end 28 portion of the sleeve held within the central hole of the
bush, a
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
7
nut 50 is threaded onto the threaded section, behind the bush. The nut will
move into contact with the trailing end 36 of the bush, forcing the bush
against
the sleeve which is prevented from moving up the bolt body 14 by abutment
with the paddle 15
[0027] With reference to Figure 6, 8A and 8B, a second embodiment of the
invention is described. In this embodiment, the body 14 of the bush 30B
differs
from bush 30A in that the trailing portion 38.1 of the hole 38 is formed with
a
female thread 33 (see Figure 6). The thread provides a means by which the
bush can be directly threadedly, and sealingly, engaged with the threaded
section 20 of the rock bolt 12, without the need for a nut to secure the bush
in
place.
[0028] As with the earlier embodiment, the bush 30B is engaged fully on the
bolt body 14, between the trailing end 28 of the sleeve 24 and the proximal
end
18 of the bolt. The bush does not extend beyond the proximal end, to any
significant extent, thus providing a drive surface, which comprises at least
the
proximal end 18 of the bolt and which may include the second end 36 of the
bush, which is free from obstruction. This is particularly evident in Figure
9.
[0029] As illustrated in Figure 9, the bush need not be fixed in position by
means of the threads, but can have the trailing portion 38.1 of the hole
dimensioned to friction fit over the bolt, as with embodiment 30A, and then
welded in place along a weld line 37.
[0030] In another embodiment of the invention, a bush 30C is provided which
is illustrated in Figure 7A and 7B. In this embodiment, the body 32 is not
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
8
unitary, as with the embodiment 30A, but rather is a composite body, having an
inner component 68 made of a rigid material, for example a metal (steel)
material, and an outer component 70 made of a resiliently deformable material,
for example a plastic (polyurethane) material, which shrink wraps the inner
component.
[0031] The pair of spaced apart annular ridges (40A and 40B) is integrally
moulded as part of the outer component. As this component consists of a
resiliently deformable material, there is no need to provide a separate
sealing
element as is the case with the earlier described embodiment. The sealing
function is inherent in the configuration and material of manufacture.
[0032] Each embodiment of the bush (30A, 30B and 30C) includes a formation
51, which in this example is a recessed annular formation, formed in a wall of
the leading portion 38.2 of the central hole 38. It is into this formation
that the
trailing end 28 portion of the sleeve 24 is press-fitted to ensure sealing
engagement between the sleeve and the bush (see insert to Figure 8B).
[0033] This is not the only means, anticipated by the invention, of providing
a
seal between sleeve and bush. Another means can be adherence of the bush
to the sleeve using a suitable adhesive. A further alternative can be moulding
of
the grout bush to the trailing end of the sleeve through by a process such as
over-moulding. In this process, the proximal end of the grout bush is
positioned
into a moulding tool such that a polymer grout bush can be moulded onto the
sleeve for a unitary assembly.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
9
[0034] A load indicating formation 52 can be included as a separate element
or made integral with the bush as illustrated, with respect to embodiment 30A,
in Figure 5B. This formation indicates when load on the barrel has reached a
predetermined level.
[0035] Completing the assembly 10, a washer or faceplate 53 is located
against the first end 34 of the bush body 32. This element is illustrated in
Figures 8A and 8B.
[0036] The assembly 10 is designed to be mechanically inserted into a pre-
drilled rock hole 55 with the aid of a drill rig (not shown). The drill rig
will have a
plurality of actuator arms (not shown) on a carousel, one of which will
include a
drill, adapted to drill the hole, another, an insertion arm 57, will be
adapted to
aid in the insertion of the rock bolt assembly and thereafter to grout the
inserted
assembly in the hole. The insertion arm has, at a leading end, a tapered
spigot
(as with this example) or a threaded shaft.
[0037] To aid in the installation and grouting steps of installation process,
an
adapter 54 is provided which has a tapered recess 56 into which the tapered
spigot of the insertion arm 57 inserts. The grout nozzle 11 is attached to a
free
end 57 of the adapter. The grout nozzle has a cylindrical mouth 58 in a
leading
end 60 of the nozzle. A plurality of grout inlet ports (respectively
designated
62A and 62B) open into the mouth. In the examples illustrated there are two
ports with each port connecting to a respective supply conduit (not shown)
carrying either a first or a second adhesive component of a resin. The ports
deliver these components to the nozzle mouth.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
10
[0038] It is anticipated that the resin components can be mixed prior to
introduction to the rock bolt assembly 10 through the bush 30. In such case
there will only be need for a single inlet port 62.
[0039] On installation, a proximal end 18 portion of the rock bolt assembly 10
carrying the bush 30B or the bush (30A, 30C) and nut 50, is received in the
mouth 58 of the nozzle. This engagement is illustrated in Figure 4 and Figure
8B. The mouth 58 is dimensioned to receive the whole of the bush in snug fit.
The seals (40 or 48) of the bush make sealing contact with an inner surface 64
of the mouth to seal the grout distributing channel 44 closed against this
wall
thus providing a sealed conduit into which the adhesive components are
delivered from the respective ports 62. Figure 2 illustrates these ports
opening
into the mouth which, when the bush is located therein, would be positioned
coincident with the channel.
[0040] The assembly 10 then is brought into axial alignment with the pre-
drilled rock hole, with the distal end 16 of the bolt leading. Now, to force
the
assembly into the hole, an axial force which, if required may be percussive,
is
applied by the drill rig, through insertion arm (see Figure 8A and 8B), which
force is then imposed on either the proximal end 18 of the bolt or the drive
surface 35 of the assembly (depending upon the embodiment) by a floor 63 of
the nozzle mouth 58. This percussive force incrementally drives the assembly
into the rock bolt until fully inserted, with the faceplate 53 forced against
the
rock wall. The retaining element 22 holds the assembly in this fully inserted
position within the rock hole, ready for grouting.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
11
[0041] As mentioned, the adhesive components are introduced under pump
action to the assembly via the ports 62 into the grout distributing channel 44
and, from there, through the aperture 46, into an annular space 66 between the
bush 30 and the rock bolt 12, up through the interior of the sleeve 24 and
finally
into the rock hole 55. Along this course of flow, the adhesive components
begin
to turbulently mix and harden or, if the components are already mixed, merely
to harden.
[0042] After grouting is completed, the arm 57 is withdrawn to remove the
nozzle 11 from engagement with the rock bolt's proximal/projecting end 18.
During the withdrawing action, the seals 48 act against the inner surface 64
of
the mouth 58 to wipe this surface of residual resinous material which, if
left,
would harden and clog this part of the nozzle, not making possible imminent
reuse.
[0043] The bush (30A, 30B or 30C) is a single-use item and therefore the
hardening of residual resin within the distributing channel 44 or aperture 46
is of
little consequence.
[0044] The axial force, applied to the assembly 10 at the proximal end 18 of
the rock bolt 12, is highly energetic and will damage any grout-tight seal
which
is axially interposed between the bolt, the bush and the sleeve. It is for
this
reason that none of the junctions in the assembly that require to be sealed
(i.e.
the junction between the bush 30 and the nozzle mouth 58, the junction
between the bush and the sleeve or the junction between the bush and the rock
bolt) are aligned in the direction of this force. In particular, the sealed
engagement of the bush with the sleeve, provided by press-fitting the sleeve
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
12
into the recessed annular formation 51 of the bush, alternatively adhering or
over-moulding the bush to the sleeve, achieves a resilient grout-tight seal
that
is positioned lateral of the line of force.
10
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-16
