Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Formwork element and formwork construction kit
The invention relates to formwork elements having a formwork
skin, having a frame bearing the latter, and having struts
which are arranged within the frame and support the formwork
skin.
Furthermore, the invention also relates to a formwork
construction kit which comprises such formwork elements and
from which formworks of a wide variety of kinds can be formed.
Such formwork elements are already known from practice in a
wide variety of embodiments and are used, for example, in
concrete formwork construction.
On account of the loadings to which such formwork elements are
subjected, it is necessary for the formwork elements to be
configured to be robust. This is accompanied as a rule with a
comparatively high weight of the formwork elements, which can
make handling of such formwork elements more difficult.
It is therefore the object of the invention to provide
formwork elements of the type stated at the outset whose use
properties are improved by comparison with already known
formwork elements.
To achieve this object, what is proposed first of all is a
formwork element having the features of the first independent
claim directed to such a formwork element. In particular, to
achieve this in a formwork element of the type stated at the
outset, what is thus proposed is that the frame of the
formwork element is produced from unprofiled flat steel and
that the struts of the formwork element are produced from open
sectional steel. What can be considered as an example of an
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open sectional steel is such a sectional steel which has an
open cross section. In relation to struts consisting of flat
steel, the struts consisting of sectional steel have the
advantage that the contact points of the struts on the
formwork skin are removed further away from one another. In
this way, the struts can be arranged to be somewhat further
removed away from one another than is possible in the case of
previously known formwork elements of the type stated at the
outset, although, in spite of the greater distance of the
struts from one another, a comparable or even higher
loadability and stability of the formwork element can be
achieved than for the previously known formwork elements.
Furthermore, the use of struts which are produced from
sectional steel allows the total weight of the formwork
element to be reduced by comparison with previously known
formwork elements of comparable size. Overall, there is thus
created a formwork element which offers a good compromise
between highest possible loadability and low intrinsic weight.
Furthermore, struts consisting of open sectional steel can be
coated, for example with a corrosion protection, relatively
simply on all sides. It is thus possible with comparatively
little effort to improve corrosion resistance of the formwork
element equipped with these struts.
- 25 Unprofiled flat steel can, for example, be characterizable by
the fact that production with cylindrical rolls is possible.
In one embodiment of the formwork element, there can be
provision that the struts are arranged in such a way that the
sectional steel is open to the formwork skin. In this way, a
head side and/or a head part of the respective strut can be
used for fastening.
Furthermore, it is possible that the sectional steel has a
symmetrical profile, in particular a hat profile. The use of a
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sectional steel with symmetrical profile can promote an
advantageous stress distribution on the strut. If the profile
of the sectional steel of the struts is a hat profile, the
struts offer support surfaces against which the struts bear
flat against the formwork skin and/or which can be used, for
example, for fastening by rivets to prepunched holes.
The sectional steel can have at least one longitudinal bead on
its head side. A fastening element which is intended to be
secured to the strut can engage behind this longitudinal bead
and thus be secured to the strut in a rotationally fixed
manner.
To achieve the object, what is further proposed is a formwork
element of the type stated at the outset which has the
features of the second independent claim directed to such a
formwork element. In particular, what is proposed to achieve
the object in this formwork element is that an even number of
struts is arranged within the frame, of which two outer struts
each have at least one plug-through opening for an anchor.
These plug-through openings define so-called anchor points of
the formwork element. Particularly when the struts are
arranged in a uniformly distributed manner within the frame,
it is possible to mount accessory parts on any desired struts.
- 25 Moreover, the formwork element can thereby obtain a certain
symmetry which simplifies its handling and in particular its
orientation in use.
Particularly when four struts are arranged in a uniformly
distributed manner within the frame, the resulting advantage
is that anchor points defined by the plug-through openings of
the at least two outer struts are automatically arranged in
1/5 of the total length or total height of the formwork
element. This distance from the edge of the formwork element
and/or frame defines a position of an anchor on the formwork
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element that is particularly favorable with regard to the
occurring loads and with regard to the desired stress
distribution. There is thus namely found a particularly
advantageous or even optimal balance between a load which is
introduced at a short end with respect to the anchoring and a
loading of the formwork skin that is introduced into the
formwork skin at a long end or between two adjacent anchor
points.
The plug-through openings defining the anchor points are here
preferably provided in the edge vicinity of the frame or of
the formwork element. The arrangement of plug-through openings
in the struts has the advantage, in the case of such struts
which are produced from sectional steel, that the sectional
steel simultaneously also offers a support for a plate or
washer by means of which the anchoring holds the formwork skin
and ultimately also the formwork element. This is particularly
important in order to prevent a situation in which a formwork
element, which is adjacent in the use position of the formwork
element and preferably has the same design and in which,
however, no anchor is used, is pressed out of its position by
the pressure of poured-in concrete and thereby pivots said
plate or washer.
- 25 The object stated at the outset is finally also achieved by a
formwork element of the type stated at the outset that has the
means and features of the third independent claim directed to
such a formwork element. In particular, what is thus proposed
to achieve the object in a formwork element of the type stated
at the outset is that at least one strut has at least two
plug-through openings, wherein a shortest distance between a
first plug-through opening of the at least two plug-through
openings and the frame of the formwork element is shorter than
a shortest distance between a second plug-through opening of
the at least two plug-through openings and the frame. This
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allows the selective use of the formwork element in a vertical
or horizontal position.
It should be mentioned in this connection that it is
5 particularly advantageous if the aforementioned formwork
element, and moreover also the formwork elements which are
claimed by the two first independent claims, are rectangular.
As already mentioned above, the plug-through openings define,
for the anchors, anchor points of the formwork element. The
anchor points which are arranged close to the edge of the
formwork element, that is to say at a smaller distance from
the frame of the formwork element, can as a rule not be used
for anchoring in the horizontal position of the preferably
rectangular formwork element. It is frequently the case namely
that separating plates or separating elements are cast into a
foundation of a building structure on which further walls are
intended to be produced with the aid of formwork elements.
These separating plates or separating elements serve to close
joins or gaps between the wall, which is to be newly cast on
the foundation, and the foundation. However, since the
separating plates or separating elements have already been
introduced during production of the foundation, they interfere
in principle with the setting of anchors in the case of
horizontal formwork elements. However, by virtue of the second
- 25 plug-through opening whose distance from the frame is greater
than the distance between the first plug-through opening and
the frame, in the case of the formwork element according to
the invention there is at least one plug-through opening
available which, with a probability bordering on certainty,
remains reachable for setting an anchor or anchor bar even
when the formwork element is used or arranged horizontally.
This is even the case when a separating plate or separating
element has been cast in the aforementioned manner in the
foundation of the building structure to be produced.
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It should be mentioned at this juncture that, in this
embodiment of a formwork element, too, the features of the
above-described formwork elements, to which in particular one
of the independent claims 1 and 2 or both are directed, can be
expediently applied. Thus, for example, it is particularly
favorable to provide the aforementioned plug-through openings
in a plurality of, or all of, the struts. This plurality of
plug-through openings can be provided in different struts of a
formwork element in one direction at the same height and/or at
an identical distance from the frame.
It is thus possible, in particular with a corresponding
arrangement of the second plug-through openings, which can be
situated inwardly with respect to the frame, to ensure that,
for a formwork element rotated through 900, the anchor points
defined by the plug-through openings continue to lie at the
same height. This has an esthetic advantage, since then the
corresponding anchor points which can be seen on the finished
structural part are aligned with one another in the cast
concrete.
In all of the aforementioned formwork elements, a formwork
skin having a thickness of 12 mm can be used. It should be
mentioned in this connection that the formwork skin can be
- 25 produced, for example, from plywood. It is possible for the
formwork skins for the formwork elements to be produced in
various thicknesses. Thus, it is possible to provide a range
of formwork elements of the type stated at the outset that
differ from one another in terms of their formwork skins. It
is possible here, for example, in a formwork element of the
range of formwork elements, to use a formwork skin having a
thickness of 12 mm, whereas another formwork element from the
range of formwork elements can have a formwork skin having a
thickness of, for example, 15 mm.
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As has already been indicated above, it can be advantageous if
two or four struts are arranged within the frame of the
aforementioned formwork elements. In particular, the use of
four struts, which are preferably uniformly distributed within
the frame, is particularly advantageous, since the struts are
then arranged in such a way that the plug-through opening
arranged in the two outer struts of the total of four struts
here are arranged, with respect to at least one side of the
frame and/or of the formwork element, in a position which
corresponds to 1/5 and/or 4/5 of the length of this side.
In one embodiment of the formwork elements, there is provision
that the, in particular two or four, struts are oriented
parallel to one another and/or spaced uniformly apart from one
another. This gives a symmetrical design of the formwork
element formed in such a way, which in turn can simplify the
handling and the orientation of the formwork elements in
practice.
The aforementioned struts of the formwork elements can be
produced from a sectional steel which has a trapezoid profile.
The struts can thus have a trapezoidal cross section.
It is particularly advantageous if the frame of the formwork
- 25 elements has a side ratio of 3 to 5. This is particularly
advantageous, in particular in connection with the formwork
element according to the third independent patent claim, since
there thus automatically results a situation in which the
plug-through openings for anchors that are used for horizontal
mounting or for horizontal use of the formwork element are
situated on 1/3 of the total height of the formwork element
and thus also remain accessible for anchoring in the case of
separating plates which are cast into a foundation. It is
particularly favorable if a formwork element with these
dimensions has four struts which are arranged in a uniformly
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distributed manner and has two uniformly distributed plug-
through openings on a strut, since consequently -
independently of the orientation of the formwork element - a
uniform arrangement of the anchor bars can be achieved.
All of the above-described formwork elements preferably take
the form of manually transportable formwork elements which can
be carried by two persons. There can thus be achieved an
intrinsic weight of the formwork elements of 50 kg or less.
The formwork element preferably has handles for this purpose.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the afore-
mentioned formwork elements, there is provision that the
formwork element has at least one additional strut. This
additional strut can be arranged or oriented transversely or
at right angles to at least one strut of the formwork element.
Furthermore, it is possible that the formwork element has at
least one additional strut, in particular such an additional
strut which is arranged transversely or at right angles to at
least one strut of the formwork element, which has at least
one holding handle and/or the at least one holding opening. Of
course, it is also possible that at least one strut of the
formwork element/of the aforementioned formwork elements has
at least one holding handle and/or at least one holding
- 25 opening.
Preferably, holding handles and/or holding openings are formed
on two mutually opposite sides. Carrying by two persons can
thus be made possible, in particular for an intrinsic weight
of 50 kg or less.
It should be mentioned at this juncture that all of the
aforementioned holding handles and/or holding openings of the
formwork element can be designed for fastening a load
receptacle which in turn is suitable for crane transport of
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the formwork element. In one embodiment of the formwork
element, the aforementioned at least one load receptacle can
be a constituent part of the formwork element. In this way,
there is avoided an additional element and/or an additional
handling step when using a formwork element configured in such
a manner.
The frame of the aforementioned formwork elements can have,
for example, a height of 75 mm or less. Furthermore, it should
be noted that an inner construction of the frame, which
consists of the struts of the formwork element and the
formwork skin, can have overall a height which corresponds to
the height of the frame or is less than the height of the
frame.
Particularly when the height of the aforementioned inner
construction corresponds to the height of the frame, the
formwork skin does not project beyond the frame. It is thus
possible to achieve a flush arrangement of the formwork skin
on the frame of the formwork element that prevents a situation
in which formwork elements constructed in such a way catch
when they are stacked for transport or for storage. Thus,
damage to the stacked formwork elements can be avoided.
Furthermore, it can be expedient to avoid the formwork skin
- 25 projecting beyond the frame since, when using a plurality of
formwork elements above one another, reinforcements in the
form of laths are mounted from outside and should lie both on
the struts of the respective formwork element and on the frame
of the formwork element.
In another embodiment, the formwork element can have a frame
with a square basic shape. In another embodiment, the formwork
element can have a frame with a non-square and/or rectangular
basic shape. A rectangular formwork element can thus result.
Particularly in the case of rectangular formwork elements, the
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struts can be oriented along a short side of a rectangular
basic shape of the frame of the formwork element.
In an advantageous embodiment, there can be provision that the
5 frame is formed in a projection-free manner on the inner side.
It is advantageous here that the flat steel does not have to
be provided with additional structures. This can save costs in
the production.
10 In an advantageous embodiment, there can be provision that the
frame preferably has punched connection openings. The
formation of punched connection openings is advantageous
particularly for relatively small piece numbers with respect
to the use of sectional steel, because no rolling tools have
to be purchased.
It is particularly favorable if at least two different types
of connection openings are formed. Fastening possibilities of
different types can thus be formed.
There can be provision here that a clear width of the
different connection opening transversely to the formwork skin
is chosen to be corresponding. Thus, an orientation of the
formwork skins with respect to one another transversely to
- 25 their extent can be defined independently of which connection
openings are chosen.
Alternatively or additionally, there can be provision here
that at least a first type of connection openings takes the
form of an oblong hole. Thus, a fixing or defined orientation
of the connected formwork elements in one direction and a
tolerance in a second direction is possible in a simple
manner.
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Alternatively or additionally, there can be provision that a
second type of connection openings takes the form of a round
hole. Thus, a fixing or defined orientation of the connected
formwork elements in two directions is possible in a simple
manner.
An oblong hole can here, for example, be characterized in that
a connection means, for example a plug-through bolt, which can
be placed in a play-free manner in the oblong hole in a
transverse direction or narrow direction, has play in a
longitudinal direction. A round hole can here, for example, be
characterized in that a connection means, for example a plug-
through bolt, which can be placed in a play-free manner in the
oblong hole in a transverse direction, likewise has no play in
a longitudinal direction.
In an advantageous embodiment, there can be provision that the
struts are formed identically to one another. Thus, a part
number for production of formwork elements can be reduced and
tool costs can be reduced. Formation of additional plug-
through openings for anchor bars is also able to be
facilitated, since the struts do not necessarily have to be
post-machined.
- 25 The invention allows the provision of a formwork construction
kit according to the independent claim directed to such a one,
which comprises at least two types of different formwork
elements of the above-described type. The formwork kit can
favor the production of so-called light formworks, in
particular when an intrinsic weight of the formwork elements
is in each case 50 kg or less. The use of this formwork
construction kit has the advantage that a crane for building
up and/or dismantling a formwork which is formed with the
formwork construction kit is not absolutely necessary. This
can save time and costs.
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Here, two intersecting lines of plug-through openings of a
first type of formwork elements can be matched in their
positions, that is to say for example with respect to a height
in relation to a setting-up surface in the respective use
position, with a line of plug-through openings of a second
type of formwork elements. It is advantageous here that anchor
bars can be placed at a uniform height, in particular with two
different orientations of the first type of formwork elements.
This is particularly favorable in the processing of facing
concrete, since there then results a uniform image of the
(closed) holes with respect to the anchor bars.
There can also be provision that at least one type of formwork
elements is formed according to the invention, in particular
as described above and/or according to one of the claims
directed to a formwork element, and that at least one
connection clamp is present in the formwork construction kit.
Thus, the formwork elements can be connected to one another in
a simple manner on the unprofiled frames. Here, there can be
provision that holding projections on clamp arms of the
connection clamp are designed to fit with connection openings
in the frame of the formwork elements. The connection clamps
can thus be prevented from sliding off.
- 25
The invention further allows the use of a connection opening
in a frame of a formwork element, in particular as described
above and/or according to one of the claims directed to a
formwork element, for selectively fastening a connection clamp
and a plug-through bolt for connecting the formwork element to
a further formwork element. Thus, more cost-effective plug-
through bolts or connection clamps which can be more simply
handled can be selectively used. The formwork elements can,
for example, stem from an above-described formwork
construction kit.
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The invention will now be described in more detail on the
basis of two exemplary embodiments, but is not limited to
these exemplary embodiments. Further exemplary embodiments
result through a combination of the features of individual
claims or a plurality of claims with one another and/or in the
combination of individual features or a plurality of features
of the exemplary embodiment. In the figures, in part in highly
schematic illustration:
figure 1 shows an isometric rear view of a formwork element
within whose frame four struts are arranged in a
uniformly distributed manner,
figure 2 shows an isometric front view of a formwork skin of
the formwork element illustrated in figure 1,
figure 3 shows an isometric rear view of a further formwork
element within whose frame two struts are arranged in
a uniformly distributed manner,
figure 4 shows an isometric front view of a formwork skin of
the formwork element illustrated in figure 3,
- 25 figure 5 shows an isometric rear view of a formwork
arrangement which is assembled from the two formwork
elements illustrated in figures 1 to 4, wherein the
formwork element which has four struts within its
frame is arranged in a vertical position,
figure 6 shows an isometric rear view of a further formwork
arrangement which is assembled from the two formwork
elements illustrated in figures 1 to 4, wherein the
formwork element which has four struts within its
frame is arranged in a horizontal position,
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figure 7 shows a partly cut-away isometric rear view of one of
the formwork elements illustrated in the previous
figures,
figure 8 shows a detail view in a sectional illustration of
two formwork elements which are held together with a
connection clamp, and
figure 9 shows a basic diagram analogous to figure 8, wherein
the formwork elements are held together with a plug-
through bolt.
In the following description of various embodiments of the
invention, elements which correspond in their function are
given corresponding reference numbers even where their
configuration or design possibly differs from one another.
All of the figures each show formwork elements designated
overall by 1. Each of the formwork elements 1 has a formwork
skin 2, a frame 3 bearing the latter, and struts 4 which are
arranged within the frame 3 and support the formwork skin 2.
In all of the embodiments of formwork elements 1 which are
- 25 shown in the figures, the frames 3 are each produced from flat
steel. The struts 4 of the formwork elements 1 shown are for
their part produced from open, symmetrical sectional steel.
Thus, by virtue of their profiled cross section, the struts 4
of the formwork elements 1 obtain a higher stiffness, in
relation to the material used for producing the struts 4, than
those struts which are used in previous formwork elements and
are produced from unprofiled flat steel. This higher stiffness
of the struts 4 on the one hand favors a higher overall
stiffness and hence also a higher loadability of the
respective formwork element 1. On the other hand, through the
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use of struts 4 which are produced from steel profiles, the
formwork element 1 has a particularly low overall weight in
relation to its loadability and stability. This promotes the
simplified handling of the formwork element 1.
5
The sectional steel of the struts 4 is open to the formwork
skin 2 of the respective formwork element 1. In particular,
the sectional illustration according to figure 7 further shows
that the sectional steel used for the struts 4 is or has a hat
10 profile. The struts 4 thus have support surfaces 16 by which
they bear flat against the formwork skin 2. The formwork skin
2 is fastened by rivets 15 to the struts 4. The sectional
steel of the struts 4 additionally has, on its head side 13,
two longitudinal beads 14 which are oriented parallel to one
15 another. A fastening element which is not shown in the
figures, for example an anchor, can engage behind these
longitudinal beads 13 and in this way be secured to the struts
4 in a rotationally fixed manner.
Each of the formwork elements 1 shown has an even number of
struts 4 within its frame 3. At least two outer struts 4a and
4b of these struts 4 are each equipped with a plurality of
plug-through openings 5, 6 and 7 for anchors which are not
shown in the figures.
- 25
In the case of the formwork elements 1 shown in the figures,
there is even provision that all of the struts 4 each have at
least two plug-through openings 5, 6 and/or 7. Here, a
shortest distance between a first plug-through opening 6 of
the at least two plug-through openings 5 and the frame 3 of
the respective formwork element 1 is shorter than a shortest
distance between a second plug-through opening 7 of the at
least two plug-through openings and the frame 3.
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In the exemplary embodiment of a formwork element 1 that is
shown in figures 1 and 2, a total of four struts 4 are
arranged within the frame 3. In the exemplary embodiment of a
formwork element 1 that is shown in figures 3 and 4, a total
of two struts 4 are arranged within the frame 3.
All of the struts 4 are oriented parallel to one another and
moreover spaced uniformly apart from one another within the
respective frame 3. Here, the respective second plug-through
opening 7 is identically spaced apart from two mutually
adjoining frame legs 8 and 9 of the frame 3.
Particularly the sectional illustration of the formwork
element 1 according to figure 7 illustrates that the struts 4
consist of trapezoid profiles. At least the formwork element 1
shown in figures 1 and 2 has a frame 3 which has a side ratio
of 3 to 5.
Each of the formwork elements 1 further has additional struts
10. These are arranged transversely, more precisely at right
angles, to the struts 4 of the respective formwork element 1.
Furthermore, a holding opening 11 is formed in each of these
additional struts 10. The holding openings 11, which each of
the formwork elements 1 has, simplify the handling of the
- 25 formwork elements 1. The holding openings 11 allow the manual
transport of the formwork element 1 by two persons.
There are additionally provided stiffening elements 12 between
adjacent frame legs 8 and 9 of the frame 3 of the respective
formwork element 1.
In particular, the inner plug-through openings 5, 6, 7 take
the form of oblong holes, which can facilitate the insertion
of anchor bars or concrete anchors.
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Figure 6 illustrates that the struts 4 of the square formwork
element 1 arranged on the left-hand side are arranged in such
a way that the plug-through openings 5, 6 formed therein are
aligned with the second plug-through openings 7 in the struts
4 of the second, rectangular formwork element 1.
All of the figures which relate to a rectangular formwork
element 1 illustrate that the struts 4 of these rectangular
formwork elements 1 are oriented along a short side of a
rectangular basic shape of the frame 3 of the respective
formwork element 1.
Figures 5 and 6 also serve to illustrate a formwork
construction kit which comprises at least two types of
different formwork elements 1 of the above-described type. As
figures 5 and 6 show, the formwork construction kit allows a
variable configuration of a formwork formed from the formwork
elements 1.
Figure 8 shows the connection of two formwork elements 1 by
means of a connection clamp 20. For this purpose, the frame
has connection openings 18, 19 punched therein in which
holding projections 22 and clamp arms 21 of the connection
clamp 20 engage. Here, the holding projections 22 are
- 25 dimensioned and arranged on the clamp arms 21 in such a way
that they engage - in a practically play-free manner at least
along the clamp arms 21 - in the connection openings 18, 19 in
order to orient the formwork elements 1 relative to one
another.
There are two types of connection openings 18, 19 formed here.
The connection openings 18 (cf. fig. 7) of the first type are
configured as oblong holes, with the result that play-free
fixing occurs only transversely to the formwork skins 2, that
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is to say in the transverse direction or narrow direction of
the oblong hole.
The connection openings 19 (cf. fig. 7) of the second type
are, by contrast, configured as round holes (with cutouts for
wings 24 of plug-through bolts 23, as will be explained more
precisely further below). The round holes have the effect that
the formwork elements 1 are also oriented along the frame 3
close to the connection openings 19, since the plug-through
bolts 23 or the holding projections 22 are completely fixed.
Overall, it can be seen that the frame 3, on its inner side
17, is formed without projections and from planar unprofiled
flat steel.
The punched connection openings 18, 19 here form undercuts on
which the connection clamp 20 can engage in order not to slide
off.
Figure 9 shows an alternative type of connection of two
formwork elements 1. Here, a plug-through bolt 23, the
diameter of which can be equal to the diameter of the holding
projections 22, is plugged through one of the two connection
openings 18, 19. Here, the wings 24 are dimensioned in such a
- 25 way that they fit both through the cutouts 25 of the round
hole and through the oblong hole. After being rotated through
90 , the plug-through bolts 23 are then fixed.
In order to ensure the freedom of play transversely to the
formwork skin 2, a clear width of the different connection
openings 18, 19 transversely to the formwork skin 2
corresponds.
By contrast, a space for placing the holding projections 22 in
the connection opening 18, 19 in the case of the oblong hole,
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that is to say the connection opening 18, along the formwork
skin 2 is larger than in the case of the round hole of the
connection opening 19.
It can also be seen from the figures that the struts 4 are
formed identically to one another within a formwork element 1.
A comparison of figures 1 to 6 reveals that, in the formwork
element 1 from fig. 2, there are formed two intersecting lines
of plug-through holes 5, 6, 7. Thus, the plug-through holes 7
form a vertical line and the plug-through holes 6 form two
horizontal lines (with further plug-through holes) which each
cross or intersect the vertical line.
The height of these lines above the edge by which the formwork
element 1 is placed on a base or set-up surface is here chosen
to be correspondingly equal and corresponds with a height of a
corresponding line on the formwork element 1 according to
figure 4. With two formwork elements placed next to one
another, there thus results, independently of their spatial
orientation, a horizontal line on which the anchor bars lie.
The invention is concerned with improvements in the technical
field of concrete formwork construction. What is proposed as
- 25 an improvement is, inter alia, the formwork element 1 whose
frame 3 is produced from flat steel, whereas the struts 4 of
the formwork element 1 consist of sectional steel.
/ List of reference signs
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-18
CA 03130641 2021-08-18
List of reference signs
1 Formwork element
2 Formwork skin
5 3 Frame
4 Strut
4a Outer strut
4b Outer strut
5 Plug-through opening
10 6 First plug-through opening
7 Second plug-through opening
8 Frame leg
9 Frame leg
10 Additional strut
15 11 Holding opening
12 Stiffening element
13 Head side
14 Longitudinal bead
15 Rivet
20 16 Support surface
17 Inner side
18 Connection opening (first type)
19 Connection opening (second type)
20 Connection clamp
- 25 21 Clamp arm
22 Holding projection
23 Plug-through bolt
24 Wing
/ Claims
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-08-18
