Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
TITLE: CRAB PROCESSING MACHINE AND METHOD, AND
CRAB EVISCERATING DISC THEREFOR
FIELD OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[ 0001] The present invention pertains to the field of crab processing
machines, and more particularly, it pertains to a crab processing machine
comprising an eviscerating disc mounted therein for milling a groove of
predetermined width and depth along the longitudinal underside of the crab
body.
BACKGROUND OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[ 0002] Crabs such as Snow CrabsTM and King CrabsTM constitute a
delicacy in the seafood market. This product is in high demand and
represents an important source of revenues for the fishing industry,
especially in the Atlantic seaboard.
[ 00031 A conventional process to prepare a cooked crab for commercial
market consists of removing the carapace, cutting the crab body in two
halves with the legs attached. Holding the body and legs by hand, exposing
the cut surface of the crab body to high pressure water sprays or to a
combination of rotating brushes and water sprays, to remove the organs of
the crab and to clean the visceral cavities exposed by the cut made.
[ 0004] In present times, the conventional method mentioned above has
not changed greatly, except for the fact that several steps of the process are
carried out mechanically. Various machines have been developed to cook,
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to remove the carapace, to eviscerate and clean crabs of inedible material.
Two types of machines found in the prior art are described in the following
documents, to better explain some of the technological advances known in
the industry.
[ 0005] A first type of machines use saws of various thickness to cut the
body of the crab in two halves, and take out as much inedible matter as
possible with the cut. Then, the body halves are washed with high water
pressure and brushes, or high water pressure alone, while the crab body
halves are held by the legs.
US Patent 3,495,293 issued to C.B. Tolley on Feb. 17, 1970;
US Patent 3,611,478 issued to W.L. Lockerby on Oct. 12, 1971;
US Patent 3,696,465 issued to M. Rossnan on Oct. 10, 1972;
US Patent 4,293,981 issued to C.M. Smith on Oct. 13, 1981;
US Patent 4,503,586 issued to W.L. Lockerby et al. on Mar. 12, 1985;
US Patent 4,535,507 issued to T.S. Reinke on Aug. 20, 1985;
US Patent 5,401,207 issued to T.S. Hickes et al. on Mar. 28, 1995;
US Patent 5,580,303 issued to C.C. Winslow et al. on Dec. 3, 1996;
US Patent 8,915,772 issued to P. Zhou on Dec. 23, 2014.
[ 0006] During the processing of crabs in these machines, crab bodies are
held by the legs of the crabs, wherein the legs are clamped between two
conveyor belts, for example. Because crab legs are not rigid, high pressure
washing of the visceral cavities of the crab bodies is less than very
effective, as the body halves dangle side to side and up and down under the
influence of the water sprays.
[ 0007] In some of the machines mentioned above the crab body halves
are retained in special fixtures. These fixtures prevent the crab body halves
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from dangling side to side from the legs and deflect water sprays away
from the cavities to be cleaned. The fixtures keep the body halves as
steady as possible such that the water impact on the internal cavities of the
crab body is as effective as possible.
[ 0008] In the second type of crab processing machines, the carapace is
removed, and the crab body is only partially cut. The cut is made by
spaced-apart saws for example. The cut is made to varying width and
depth. In one example, the cut is only sufficiently deep to cut the belly
shell of the animals. In other example, a V-shaped cut is made by a pair of
saws to remove the organs of the crab and to expose clean meat. The crab
body is then cleaned using high pressure water jets directed into the groove
made by the saws.
US Patent 3,596,310 issued to C.B. Tolley on Aug. 3, 1971;
US Patent 4,380,094 issued to C.B. Tolley et al. on Apr. 19, 1983;
US Patent 4,479,284 issued to C.B. Tolley et al. on Oct. 30, 1984;
US Patent 4,535,507 issued to T.S. Reinke on Aug. 20, 1985;
US Patent 4,633,547 issued to L.R. Caroon on Jan. 6, 1987;
US Patent 4,715,093 issued to G.C. Lapeyre et al. on Dec. 29, 1987;
CA Patent 2,995,327 issued to Y.H. Lim on Jan. 09, 2020;
KR Appl. 2015-0051461 publ. by J.J. Lee et al. on May 03, 2015;
KR Patent 10-19203375 issued to K.W. Bae on Nov. 20, 2018.
[ 0009] The method of cleaning crab bodies with high pressure water jets
while the crab body halves are still attached is a preferred method, as the
cavities to be cleaned are held fixed in a proper orientation relative to the
water sprays to allow for an effective cleaning. Predictable cleaning results
are possible with this method.
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[ 0010] Although predictable results are possible when cleaning crab
bodies that have a groove cut along their longitudinal axes, it is believed
that still better cleaning results can be obtained by milling a groove of an
ideal width and ideal depth.
[ 0011] Therefore, it is believed that there is a market need for a better
crab processing machine where crab bodies are properly grooved along
their underside to remove the head, mandibles, gills, internal organs,
intestines and other inedible material from the visceral cavities.
Furthermore, there is a need for milling a groove of consistent dimensions
along crab bodies to offer a channel of ideal width and depth to improve
the cleaning of all crab bodies without wasting valuable meat.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[ 0012] There is provided herein a crab processing machine wherein an
eviscerating disc is used to mill a groove along the longitudinal axis of the
crab body, along the underside of the crab body. Water sprays are directed
into that groove for efficiently cleaning the visceral cavities of the crab
bodies.
[ 0013] In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a crab
eviscerating disc for milling a groove along the underside of a crab body.
This disc has a circular shape and a plurality of teeth extending along a
circumference thereof Each of the teeth are formed by two radial cutting
edges extending radially relative to circular shape. The two radial cutting
edges being joined by a third cutting edge extending transversely between
the two radial cutting edges and defining a tip of the tooth. Each tooth has
a cut clearance angle of zero degree.
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[ 0014] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a
crab processing machine for eviscerating and cleaning crabs, comprising
in series; an infeed conveyor, a carapace removing and body grooving
station, a high pressure water cleaning station and a body separating station.
The carapace removing and body grooving station comprises an
eviscerating disc as described above.
[ 0015] In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is provided
a method for processing a crab to a market condition, comprising the steps:
milling a groove along a longitudinal axis of an underside of crab body,
wherein a depth of the groove is limited by a bony plate and a bony ridge
in the crab body.
1 00161 This brief summary has been provided so that the nature of the
invention may be understood quickly. A more complete understanding of
the invention can be obtained by reference to the following detailed
description of the preferred embodiment thereof in connection with the
attached drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[ 0017] A preferred embodiment of the crab processing machine, and
method and eviscerating disc therefor, according to the present invention
are described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which like
numerals denote like parts throughout the several views:
[ 0018] FIG. 1 illustrates a typical crab body half with legs attached,
showing a preferred way to present crab meat to customers;
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[ 0019] FIG. 2 illustrates a full crab in an upside-down position;
[ 0020] FIG. 3 is a side view of the preferred crab processing machine,
identifying the relevant sections of the machine;
[ 00211 FIG. 4 is a side view of the processing section in the preferred
machine as indicated by section 4 in FIG. 3, and identifying the
various stations of this section;
[ 00221 FIG. 5 is an end view of the infeed conveyor in the processing
section shown in FIG. 4, as indicated by station 5 in FIG. 4;
[ 0023] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the infeed conveyor of the
processing section, as indicated by section 6, in FIG. 3, illustrating
the proper placement of crabs on the infeed conveyor;
[ 00241 FIG. 7 illustrate a crab being processed at the carapace removal
and groove milling station 7 in FIG. 4;
[ 00251 FIG. 8
illustrates a crab leaving the carapace removal and
groove milling station 7, showing a typical channel formed along
the longitudinal axis of the crab body;
1 0026] FIG. 9 is a cross-section of the crab body shown in FIG. 8, as
viewed along line 9-9 in FIG. 8;
[ 0027] FIG. 10 illustrates the milling of a channel along a crab body,
being guided along a typical line of cut;
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[ 00281 FIG. 11 illustrates a crab being processed at the high pressure
washing station 11 in FIG. 4;
1 00291 FIG. 12 illustrates a crab leaving the separating station 12 in
FIG. 4;
1 0030] FIG. 13 illustrates a side view of the preferred eviscerating disc
mounted in station 7 of the crab processing section 4;
[ 00311 FIG. 14 illustrates various characteristics of the eviscerating disc
shown in FIG. 13;
[ 0032] FIG. 15 illustrates the operation of the eviscerating disc on a
crab body.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[ 0033] The preferred embodiment of the crab processing machine,
method and eviscerating disc therefor according to the present invention are
described herein below with reference to the attached drawings. The
drawings presented herein are presented in a schematic nature, and should
not be scaled.
[ 0034] Many components of the preferred machine were not illustrated
to facilitate the understanding of the basic concept of the design and
method. The components that were not illustrated are those for which the
nature, mountings and functions would be obvious to the person skilled in
the art of crab processing equipment.
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[ 00351 The crab
processing machine according to the preferred
embodiment is also described in term of its operation and the function of
its components. The
physical dimensions, material types, and
manufacturing tolerances are not provided because these details also do not
constitute the essence of the present invention and would be considered
obvious to the skilled artisan having acquired the knowledge that is actually
provided herein. The machine and method according to the preferred
embodiment will be explained herein below, in terms of process steps.
[ 0036] Referring to FIG. 1, a crab product 20 is illustrated. This crab
product 20 consists of a crab half with legs attached, ready for market. The
carapace has been removed and the visceral cavities has been cleaned out.
This crab half 20 comprises crab shoulders 22 and crab legs 24. The crab
shoulder portion 22 contains a bony plate 26, sometimes referred to as the
thorax plate between and slightly behind the shoulders of the pincer legs
of the crab. There is also a bony structure 28 found along the back of the
crab. This bony structure 28 is referred to as a bony ridge.
[ 00371 Referring now to
FIG. 3, the crab processing machine 40
according to the preferred embodiment has an infeed section, labelled as
section 6; a processing section labelled as section 4, and an outfeed section
labelled as section 18.
[ 00381 The crab processing section, section 4 as illustrated in FIG. 4,
comprises a crab leg nipping station 5, a carapace removing and
eviscerating station 7, a pressure washing station 11 and a crab body
separating station 12 and a crab halves release station 16.
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[ 0039] Referring now to FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and 6, the processing of crabs
starts by placing cooked crabs 30 on the lower conveyor belts 44,44' of the
infeed section 6. These crabs 30 are positioned on the lower conveyor
belts 44, 44', manually by fish-plant workers. These crabs 30 are
positioned on the lower conveyor belts 44, 44', carapace down, head
forward, with the legs bundled up and extending straight across the
conveyor belts 44, 44'. For convenience, a crab 30 with its carapace down
and legs 24 bundled up and extending laterally is illustrated in FIG. 2. The
proper placement of crabs 30 on the infeed belts 44, 44' is also illustrated
in FIG. 6.
[ 0040] When a
crab 30 reaches the leg nipping station 5 of the
processing machine 40, as better seen in FIG. 5, the legs 24 of the crab 30
are caught between the lower conveyor belt 44, 44', and a pair of upper
belts 46, 46', as can be seen in FIGS. 4 and 5. A pair of guide bars 48
associated with the structure of the upper belts 46, 46' facilitates the
engagement of the crab legs 24 between the nipping conveyor belts 44, 44'
and 46, 46'. The nipping conveyors belts 44, 44' and 46, 46 have a rough
surface 50 that are configured for retaining crab legs there-between with
assurance. Furthermore, the upper conveyor belts 46, 46' are pressure-
loaded toward the lower conveyor belts 44, 44' by spring-assisted idler
wheels 52 for example, as shown in FIG. 4.
[ 0041] The crab
30 that is caught between the lower and upper
conveyor belts, 44, 44' and 46, 46' is securely transported to the carapace
removing and eviscerating station 7.
[ 0042] Returning back to FIGS. 5 and 6, the crab processing section 4
has a through 54 between the lower conveyor belts 44, 44'. It will be
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appreciated that the length of this through 54 is interrupted under the
carapace removing and eviscerating station 7, to release the carapace in a
discard material bin (not shown), for example, under the crab processing
section 4.
[ 00431 Referring now to FIG. 7, this step of the process associated
station 7 will be explained.
[ 0044] Station 7 of the crab processing machine 30 comprises an
eviscerating disc 56 also referred to herein as a milling disc, and a flapper
wheel 58, ahead and below the eviscerating disc 56. The movement of a
crab body 32 along the conveyor belts can be understood in FIG. 7. The
milling disc 56 rotates so that its lower segment moves against the
movement of the conveyor belts, as can be appreciated by arrow 60 and 62,
respectively.
[ 00451 As the milling disc 56 engages with the head of the crab body 32,
the disc grinds a groove in the head and the forward end on the carapace
32' of the crab body 32. The initial engagement of the disc 56 with the
head of the crab body 32, causes the crab body 32 to tilt against the
movement of the conveyor belts, substantially as shown by initial position
64 to tilted position 66. Such tilting causes the carapace 32' of the crab
body 32 to engage and to interfere with the rotation of the flapper wheel 58.
The attachment of the carapace 32' to the crab body 32 has already been
weakened by the eviscerating disc 56. The flapper wheel 58 can therefore
easily knock the carapace 32'off the crab body 32, as illustrated in FIG. 7.
0046] The continuing movement of the crab body 32 against the
eviscerating disc 56 causes the disc to continue to cut a groove through the
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crab body 32.
[ 0047] The eviscerating disc 56 has teeth 70 with zero rake angle and zero
cut clearance. Because of these teeth 70, the groove 72 formed in the
crab body 32 as seen in FIGS. 8, and 9, is somewhat square and has a
limited depth. The teeth 70 are bottoming along the groove 72 over the
bony plate 26 and the bony ridge 28 mentioned in relation to FIG. 1, and
as can be appreciated in the illustration in FIG. 9. The depth of cut by the
disc 56 is substantially similar to line 74 in FIGS. 7 and 9.
[ 0048] Because the crab body 32 is held by the attached legs 24 between
the conveyor belts, the crab body 32 is free to twist and move away and
toward the disc 56, according to the pressure exerted by the milling disc 56
against the crab body 32. Crab legs have a certain degree of elasticity and
flexibility. The crab body 32 moves springily toward and away from the
disc 56 according to the resistance of the disc 56 to penetrate the crab body
32. The movement of the crab body 32 against the milling action of the disc
56 can be appreciated when looking at FIG. 10 showing the positions of a
crab body 32 from an initial contact position 80, to intermediate position
82 and to an exit position 84.
[ 0049] The width and depth of cut of the groove 72 is sufficient to
remove the head of the crab, its mandible, its gills, its internal organs, and
intestines without wasting considerable edible meat.
[ 0050] Most importantly, the milling disc 56 cleans the visceral cavities
of the crab body 32 without separating the crab body 32. The groove or
channel 72 made by the eviscerating disc 56 is sufficiently wide to allow
high pressure water sprays 90 to reach the entire surfaces of the groove,
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such as illustrated in FIG. 11, and to remove any remaining loose and
undesirable material from the groove 72. The high-pressure water
cleaning of the crab body and shoulders takes place from station 11 of the
crab processing machine 40.
[ 0051] The crab body 32 is then conveyed to station 12 of the crab
processing machine 40, where a circular saw 92 separates the crab 30 in
two halves 20, as illustrated in FIG. 12.
[ 0052] Although water spray nozzles are present at the carapace removal
and body grooving station 7, the final cleaning of the crab halves with legs
attached 20 by water sprays, is carried out from station 11, through the
cutting station 12 and through to station 16. Station 17 in FIG. 4
illustrates the high water pressure cleaning region of the crab processing
section 4. The last cleaning during and after the cutting station 12 is done
to remove any inedible material left under the bony plate 26. After this last
cleaning, the crab halves 20 are discharged at section 18 of the crab
processing machine 40, for a final inspection and delivery to a cold storage
facility.
[ 00531 Referring now to FIGS 13, 14 and 15, the features of the
eviscerating disc 56 will be described. The diameter of the eviscerating or
milling disc is 7.376 inches. The thickness of the disc 56 is about 0.5 inch.
[ 0054] The eviscerating disc 56 is characterised by the shape of its teeth
70. All the teeth 70 of the disc 56 are made the same. One tooth 70 is
illustrated in FIG. 14. The cut clearance angle "C" of that tooth is zero
degree. The length of the raker portion "A" of the tooth is 1/3 of the pitch
"B" between teeth. The height "H" of the cutting portion of the tooth is
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substantially the same as the length of the raker portion "A", and
substantially the same as the thickness of the disc 56. The hook angle "D"
of the face of the tooth in also zero degree. Each tooth 70 has three cutting
edges; these are two radial cutting edges 100, 102 along the height "H" of
the tooth, one on each side of the disc, and one axial cutting edge 103 along
the tip of the tooth extending along the thickness of the tooth.
[ 0055] Referring now to FIG. 15, the operation of the eviscerating disc
56 will be explained. Because of the long and high raker portion "A" on
every tooth 70, the cutting edge 103 along the tip of the tooth 70 can only
cut flesh extending above the circumference 92 of the disc 56. The
available material to be cut by a tooth is represented by the accumulation
of flesh at label 94 . The available material to be cut for the following
tooth 70' is represented by the accumulation of flesh at label 96. As can be
appreciated, the material to be cut is the compressible material that can
recover following the passage of a tooth. The material to be cut is the
material in which any given tooth 70 can sink into. The closer the tooth
70 gets from a solid surface such as a bone or dense cartilage, the disc can
no longer sink into the flesh and therefor the disc 56 can no longer
penetrate and cut the flesh. Although the operation of the cutting edge 103
along the tip of the tooth has been described, the operation of the radial
cutting edges 100, 102 is a same manner.
[ 0056] It will be appreciated that doing a clean cut in meat or similar
flesh material, requires that this flesh material be solidly held against the
cutting edge. In the present crab processing machine 40, the crab body 32
is held by the legs 24 of the crab 30. Therefore, this eviscerating disc 56
is limited in the penetration of the crab body 32 by the elasticity of the
work
piece.
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[ 0057] The cutting edges of each tooth 70 cannot cut all that comes
across their path. Some material is cut, and some material is pulled away
from the crab body 32. Consequently, the cleaning of the visceral cavities
of the crab body by the disc 56 reaches much larger that the groove 72
made by the disc 56. Any stringy material attached to the organs along the
path of the milling disc 56 is also taken out by the milling disc 56.
[ 0058] In the woodworking industry, a small or zero degree hook angle
"D" is known to produce a smooth and high quality cut, with no over-feed
and no kickback. On the other hand, a saw tooth with a zero degree cut
clearance "C" would be useless for sawing wood or similar dense material,
because a saw tooth with no cut clearance would not cut into material such
as wood. Analogically, every tooth 70 of the eviscerating disc 56 has its
own "raker" or "depth gauge" that is set at the same diameter than the
cutting edge 103 on the tip of the tooth.
[ 0059] Although
the milling disc 56 has little or no use in the
woodworking industry, the teeth of the disc 56 are ideal for eviscerating a
crab body 32. In a crab
processing application, the disc 56 has the
advantage of cutting through compressible flesh, but stop short of cutting
any solid object, such as a bones or dense cartilage. The shape the teeth 70
of the disc 56 makes it ideal for milling a groove along a crab body, to
remove organs and inedible material by cutting and pulling, and stop the
cut near the bone plate 26 and bony ridge 28 where there is no more
inedible material to remove. The line of cut 74 as explained before has a
first advantage of not cutting through the crab body, and also of preserving
valuable meat along the back of the crab body 32.
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[ 00601 While one embodiment of the present invention has been
illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described herein above, it
will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications,
alternate constructions and equivalents may be employed. Therefore, the
above description and illustrations should not be construed as limiting the
scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims.
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