Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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Stable Low pH Personal Care Compositions and Methods for the Same
BACKGROUND
[1] Personal care compositions, such as lotions, may often include one or
more conventional
and/or non-natural ingredients that provide skin conditioning, anti-foaming,
and skin protection.
Recent consumer perception regarding non-natural ingredients have pushed
compositions to more
natural formulations including naturally derived ingredients. As such, efforts
have been directed
to reducing or eliminating non-natural ingredients from personal care
compositions to provide
improved consumer perception. The removal or replacement of non-natural
ingredients, however,
has proven to be especially difficult for low pH formulations. For example,
the removal or
replacement of non-natural ingredients in low pH (e.g., pH of about 4 to about
5) formulations
often result in products that exhibit instability or phase separation during
aging studies.
[2] What is needed, then, are improved low pH personal care compositions
and methods for
preparing the same.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[3] This summary is intended merely to introduce a simplified summary of
some aspects of
one or more implementations of the present disclosure. Further areas of
applicability of the present
disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided
hereinafter. This summary
is not an extensive overview, nor is it intended to identify key or critical
elements of the present
teachings, nor to delineate the scope of the disclosure. Rather, its purpose
is merely to present one
or more concepts in simplified form as a prelude to the detailed description
below.
[4] The foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities embodied in the
present disclosure may be
achieved by providing a personal care composition including an emulsifying
system, one or more
emollients, and one or more humectants.
[5] In at least one implementation, the emulsifying system may include a
cationic surfactant.
The cationic surfactant may include an esterquat. The esterquat may include
one or more of
dibehenoylethyl dimonium chloride, dipalmitoylethyl dimonium chloride,
distearoylethyl
dimonium chloride, ditallowoyl pg-dimonium chloride, dipalmitoylethyl
hydroxyethylmonium
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methosulfate, distearoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, or combinations
thereof. The
cationic surfactant may be dipalmitoylethyl dimonium chloride.
[6] In at least one implementation, the emulsifying system may include one
or more nonionic
surfactants. The one or more nonionic surfactants may include cetearyl
alcohol, ceteareth-20, cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or combinations thereof. The cetearyl alcohol and
ceteareth-20 may be
present in an amount of about 3 weight % to about 5 weight %, based on a total
weight of the
personal care composition. The cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20 may also be
present in an amount
of about 4 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.
The cetearyl alcohol
and ceteareth-20 may further be present in an amount of greater than or equal
to about 5 weight
%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In at least one
implementation, the
cetyl alcohol is present in an amount of greater than or equal to about 3
weight %, optionally, about
3.5 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.
[7] In at least one implementation, the one or more emollients may include
isopropyl palmitate.
The isopropyl palmitate may be present in an amount of greater than or equal
to about 1.5 weight
%, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.
[8] In at least one implementation, the isopropyl palmitate may be present
in an amount of
greater than or equal to about 4 weight, based on a total weight of the
personal care composition,
the cetyl alcohol and the stearyl alcohol may be present in an amount of
greater than or equal to
about 6.5 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care composition,
and the nonionic
surfactants may include cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20 in an amount of
greater than or equal to
about 4 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.
[9] In at least one implementation, the one or more humectants may include
glycerin, caprylyl
glycol, or combinations thereof.
[10] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition is
substantially free of
silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum,
polyethylene glycol
(PEG), or any combination thereof.
[11] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition is
substantially free of
silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, or
any combination
thereof.
[12] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition further
includes one or more
acids. The one or more acids may include lactic acid.
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[13] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition may have an
acidic pH. For
example, the pH may be from about 4 to about 6, or the pH may be from about 4
to about 5.
[14] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition may have a
viscosity of
greater than or equal to 50,000 centipoise (cP) and less than or equal to
200,000 cP at 25 C.
[15] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition does not
exhibit phase
separation after exposure to accelerated aging conditions.
[16] The foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities embodied in the present
disclosure may be
achieved by providing a method for preparing any of the personal care
compositions disclosed
herein. The method may include contacting the emulsifying system, the one or
more emollients,
and the one or more humectants with one another.
[17] Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become
apparent from the
detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the
detailed description and
specific examples, while indicating some typical aspects of the disclosure,
are intended for
purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the
disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[18] The following description of various typical aspect(s) is merely
exemplary in nature and is
in no way intended to limit the disclosure, its application, or uses.
[19] As used throughout this disclosure, ranges are used as shorthand for
describing each and
every value that is within the range. It should be appreciated and understood
that the description
in a range format is merely for convenience and brevity, and should not be
construed as an
inflexible limitation on the scope of any embodiments or implementations
disclosed herein.
Accordingly, the disclosed range should be construed to have specifically
disclosed all the possible
subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. As such,
any value within the
range may be selected as the terminus of the range. For example, description
of a range such as
from 1 to 5 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such
as from 1.5 to 3,
from 1 to 4.5, from 2 to 5, from 3.1 to 5, etc., as well as individual numbers
within that range, for
example, 1,2, 3, 3.2,4, 5, etc. This applies regardless of the breadth of the
range.
[20] Unless otherwise specified, all percentages and amounts expressed herein
and elsewhere
in the specification should be understood to refer to percentages by weight.
The amounts given
are based on the active weight of the material.
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[21] Additionally, all numerical values are "about" or "approximately" the
indicated value, and
take into account experimental error and variations that would be expected by
a person having
ordinary skill in the art. It should be appreciated that all numerical values
and ranges disclosed
herein are approximate values and ranges, whether "about" is used in
conjunction therewith. It
should also be appreciated that the term "about," as used herein, in
conjunction with a numeral
refers to a value that may be 0.01% (inclusive), 0.1% (inclusive), 0.5%
(inclusive), 1%
(inclusive) of that numeral, 2% (inclusive) of that numeral, 3%
(inclusive) of that numeral,
5% (inclusive) of that numeral, 10% (inclusive) of that numeral, or 15%
(inclusive) of that
numeral. It should further be appreciated that when a numerical range is
disclosed herein, any
numerical value falling within the range is also specifically disclosed.
[22] As used herein, "free" or "substantially free" of a material may refer to
a composition,
component, or phase where the material is present in an amount of less than
10.0 weight %, less
than 5.0 weight %, less than 3.0 weight %, less than 1.0 weight %, less than
0.1 weight %, less
than 0.05 weight %, less than 0.01 weight %, less than 0.005 weight %, or less
than 0.0001 weight
% based on a total weight of the composition, component, or phase.
[23] All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their
entireties. In the
event of a conflict in a definition in the present disclosure and that of a
cited reference, the present
disclosure controls.
[24] The present inventors have surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that
stable, low pH
personal care compositions may be prepared by providing a primary emulsifier
or primary
emulsifiers (e.g., cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20) in an amount of about 3%
to about 5%, about
3.5% to about 4.5%, or about 4%, cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol in a total
amount of greater
than or equal to about 4% or greater than or equal to about 5%, and cetyl
alcohol in an amount of
about 3.5% or greater.
[25] The present inventors have also surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered
that stable
personal care compositions having a pH of from about 4 to about 5 may be
prepared when
isopropyl palmitate is present in an amount of about 1.5% or at least 1.5%.
[26] The present inventors have further surprisingly and unexpectedly
discovered that when
isopropyl palmitate is present in an amount of about 4% or greater in the
personal care
composition, then stable personal care compositions having a pH of from about
4 to about 5 may
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be prepared by providing a total of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol of about
6.5% or greater,
and/or an amount of cetearyl alcohol/ceteareth-20 in an amount of about 4% or
greater.
COMPOSITIONS
[27] Compositions disclosed herein may be or include stable, low pH personal
care
compositions including an emulsifying system including one or more surfactants
and/or one or
more emulsifiers, one or more emollients, one or more humectants, or any
combination thereof.
The compositions disclosed herein may be free or substantially free of
silicone, silicone
compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, polyethylene glycol
(PEG), or any
combination thereof. For example, the composition may include silicone or
silicon compounds
and be free or substantially free of PEG. In another example, the composition
may include PEG
and be free or substantially free of silicone, silicone compounds, propylene
glycol, mineral oil,
petrolatum, or any combination thereof. In another example, the compositions
disclosed herein
may be or include a skin moisturizing composition, such as a low pH skin
moisturizing
composition or a low pH lotion or cream, that is free or substantially free of
silicone, silicone
compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, polyethylene glycol
(PEG), or any
combination thereof.
[28] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may exhibit comparable,
enhanced, or
relatively greater stability as compared to conventional personal care
compositions including
silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum,
polyethylene glycol
(PEG), or any combination thereof. For example, the personal care compositions
disclosed herein
may exhibit no phase separation, relatively stable pH, and/or relatively
stable viscosity when
exposed to various aging conditions as compared to conventional personal care
compositions
including any one or more of silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol,
mineral oil,
petrolatum, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or any combination thereof. As used
herein, the term or
expression "relatively stable" may refer to a property or value that does not
change (e.g., increase
or decrease) from an original property or value by an amount greater than
0.5%, greater than 1%,
greater than 1.5%, greater than 2%, greater than 2.5%, greater than 3%,
greater than 3.5%, greater
than 4%, greater than 4.5%, greater than 5%, greater than 6%, greater than 7%,
greater than 8%,
greater than 9%, or greater than 10%. As further described herein, the
personal care composition
may include an emulsifying system, one or more emollients, one or more
humectants, or any
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combination thereof capable of or configured to provide comparable or enhanced
stability to the
personal care composition as compared to conventional personal care
compositions including any
one or more of silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil,
petrolatum,
polyethylene glycol (PEG), or any combination thereof.
[29] As used herein, the term or expression "personal care composition" may
refer to a
composition for topical application to skin of mammals, especially humans. The
personal care
composition may generally be a leave-on personal care composition or rinse off
personal care
composition, and may include any product applied to a human body. The personal
care
composition is preferably a leave-on personal care composition. The personal
care composition
may be in any suitable form. Illustrative forms of the personal care
composition may be or include,
but is not limited to, a liquid, a lotion, a cream, a foam, a scrub, a gel, a
soap bar, a toner, applied
with an implement or via a face mask, or the like. Illustrative personal care
compositions may be
or include, but are not limited to, leave-on skin lotions and creams,
emulsion, shampoos,
conditioners, shower gels, antiperspirants, deodorants, depilatories,
lipsticks, foundations,
mascara, sunless tanners, sunscreen lotions, or the like.
[30] The personal care composition may include a hydrophobic phase and a
hydrophilic phase
combined, mixed, contacted, or otherwise emulsified with one another. For
example, the personal
care composition may be a water-in-oil emulsion including a hydrophilic phase
dispersed or
suspended in a continuous hydrophobic phase. In another example, the personal
care composition
may be an oil-in-water emulsion including a hydrophobic phase dispersed or
suspended in a
continuous hydrophilic phase. In a preferred implementation, the personal care
composition is an
oil-in-water emulsion including a hydrophobic phase suspended in a continuous
hydrophilic phase.
[31] The personal care composition may have an acidic pH. For example, the
personal care
composition may have a pH of from about 3, about 3.5, about 4, or about 4.5 to
about 5, about 5.5,
about 6, or about 6.5. In another example, the personal care composition may
have a pH of less
than 7, less than 6.5, less than 6, less than 5.5, less than 5, or less than
4.5. In a preferred
implementation, the personal care composition may have a pH of from about 4.0
to about 5.0, or
about 4.2 to about 4.8, more preferably about 4.2 to about 4.6.
[32] As used herein, the term or expression "absorbability" may refer to the
speed or how quick
the personal care composition is absorbed into the skin. The personal care
composition may have
an absorbability score or value of greater than or equal to about 2.0, as
determined by an Small
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Sensory panel using a standardized methodology and a 0 to 5 point assessment
scale, where '0'
represented the lowest level (i.e., none or low) and '5' represented the
highest value. For example,
the personal care composition may have an absorbability score of greater than
or equal to about
2.0, greater than or equal to about 2.2, greater than or equal to about 2.4,
greater than or equal to
about 2.6, greater than or equal to about 2.8, greater than or equal to about
3.0, greater than or
equal to about 3.2, greater than or equal to about 3.4, greater than or equal
to about 3.6, greater
than or equal to about 3.8, greater than or equal to about 4.0, as determined
by the Small Sensory
panel. In a preferred implementation, the personal care composition has an
absorbability score of
greater than or equal to about 2.7.
[33] As used herein, the term or expression "whiteness" or "whiteness score"
may refer to the
amount of white perceived to be visible on skin during application or rubbing.
The personal care
composition may have a whiteness score or value of less than or equal to about
3.6, as determined
by an Small Sensory panel using a standardized methodology and a 0 to 5 point
assessment scale,
where '0' represented the lowest level (i.e., none or low) and '5' represented
the highest value.
For example, the personal care composition may have a whiteness score of less
than or equal to
about 3.6, less than or equal to about 3.4, less than or equal to about 3.2,
less than or equal to about
3.0, less than or equal to about 2.8, less than or equal to about 2.6, less
than or equal to about 2.4,
less than or equal to about 2.2, less than or equal to about 2.0, less than or
equal to about 1.8, less
than or equal to about 1.6, less than or equal to about 1.5, less than or
equal to about 1.4, less than
or equal to about 1.3, less than or equal to about 1.2, less than or equal to
about 1.1, less than or
equal to about 1, as determined by the Small Sensory panel. In a preferred
implementation, the
personal care composition has a whiteness score of less than or equal to about
2.7.
[34] As used herein, the term or expression "tackiness" or "tackiness score"
may refer to the
sticky feeling left after application of the personal care composition on
surfaces of the skin. The
personal care composition may have a tackiness score or value of less than or
equal to about 3.0,
as determined by an Small Sensory panel using a standardized methodology and a
0 to 5 point
assessment scale, where '0' represented the lowest level (i.e., none or low)
and '5' represented the
highest value. For example, the personal care composition may have a tackiness
score of less than
or equal to about 3.0, less than or equal to about 2.8, less than or equal to
about 2.6, less than or
equal to about 2.4, less than or equal to about 2.2, less than or equal to
about 2.0, less than or equal
to about 1.8, less than or equal to about 1.6, less than or equal to about
1.4, as determined by the
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Small Sensory panel. In a preferred implementation, the personal care
composition has a tackiness
score of less than or equal to about 2Ø
[35] As used herein, the term or expression "spreadability" or "spreadability
score" may refer
to how easily or the ease at which the personal care composition is
distributed on surfaces of the
skin. The personal care composition may have a spreadability score or value of
greater than or
equal to about 2.0, as determined by an Small Sensory panel using a
standardized methodology
and a 0 to 5 point assessment scale, where '0' represented the lowest level
(i.e., none or low) and
'5' represented the highest value. For example, the personal care composition
may have a
spreadability score of greater than or equal to about 2.0, greater than or
equal to about 2.2, greater
than or equal to about 2.4, greater than or equal to about 2.6, greater than
or equal to about 2.8,
greater than or equal to about 3.0, greater than or equal to about 3.2,
greater than or equal to about
3.4, greater than or equal to about 3.6, greater than or equal to about 3.8,
greater than or equal to
about 4.0, greater than or equal to about 4.1, greater than or equal to about
4.2, greater than or
equal to about 4.3, or greater than or equal to about 4.4, as determined by
the Small Sensory panel.
In a preferred implementation, the personal care composition has a
spreadability score of greater
than or equal to about 3Ø
[36] As used herein, the term or expression "greasiness" or "greasiness score"
may refer to the
amount of greasiness felt on surfaces of the skin during and/or after
application. The personal care
composition may have a greasiness score or value of less than or equal to
about 3.6, as determined
by an Small Sensory panel using a standardized methodology and a 0 to 5 point
assessment scale,
where '0' represented the lowest level (i.e., none or low) and '5' represented
the highest value.
For example, the personal care composition may have a greasiness score of less
than or equal to
about 3.6, less than or equal to about 3.4, less than or equal to about 3.2,
less than or equal to about
3.0, less than or equal to about 2.8, less than or equal to about 2.6, less
than or equal to about 2.4,
less than or equal to about 2.2, less than or equal to about 2.0, less than or
equal to about 1.8, less
than or equal to about 1.7, less than or equal to about 1.6, less than or
equal to about 1.5, or less
than or equal to about 1.4, as determined by the Small Sensory panel. In a
preferred
implementation, the personal care composition has a greasiness score of less
than or equal to about
2.5.
[37] The personal care composition may have a viscosity, as determined using a
viscometer at
a temperature of about 25 C, of greater than or equal to about 5,000
centipoise (cP), about 10,000
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cP, or about 20,000 cP and/or less than or equal to about 200,000 cP, as
measured with a T93
spindle at about 10 RPM for viscosities of up to about 100,000 cP, or as
measured with a T95
spindle at about 5 RPM for viscosities of from about 100,000 cP to about
200,000 cP. As used
herein, the term "viscosity" may refer to the internal resistance to flow
exhibited by a fluid or the
ratio of shearing stress to rate of shear, and may be measured in poise or
centipoises (cP). For
example, the personal care composition may have a viscosity of greater than or
equal to about
5,000 cP, greater than or equal to about 10,000 cP, greater than or equal to
about 20,000 cP, greater
than or equal to about 25,000 cP, greater than or equal to about 30,000 cP,
greater than or equal to
about 35,000 cP, greater than or equal to about 40,000 cP, greater than or
equal to about 45,000
cP, greater than or equal to about 60,000 cP, greater than or equal to about
70,000 cP, greater than
or equal to about 100,000 cP at about 25 C. In another example, the personal
care composition
may have a viscosity of less than or equal to about 200,000 cP, less than or
equal to about 150,000
cP, less than or equal to about 100,000 cP, less than or equal to about 95,000
cP, less than or equal
to about 90,000 cP, less than or equal to about 85,000 cP, less than or equal
to about 80,000 cP,
less than or equal to about 75,000 cP, less than or equal to about 70,000 cP,
less than or equal to
about 65,000 cP, less than or equal to about 60,000 cP, or less than or equal
to about 55,000 cP, at
about 25 C. In a preferred implementation, the personal care composition has a
viscosity of from
about 50,000 cP to about 150,000 cP, at about 25 C.
[38] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may not exhibit any phase
separation after
exposure to accelerated aging conditions. The personal care compositions
disclosed herein may
not exhibit any phase separation after exposing the personal care composition
to one or more
freeze-thaw treatments. For example, the personal care composition disclosed
herein may not
exhibit any phase separation after freeze-thawing treatment between -30 C and
room temperature
for at least or about 3 cycles/treatments. In another example, the personal
care composition
disclosed herein may not exhibit any phase separation after freeze-thawing
treatment between -
C and room temperature for at least or about 3 cycles/treatments.
[39] The personal care composition disclosed herein may not exhibit any phase
separation after
exposing the personal care composition to temperatures of about 30 C, about 40
C, or about 49 C,
for extended periods of time. For example, the personal care composition
disclosed herein may
not exhibit any phase separation after maintaining the personal care
composition at about 49 C for
at least 4 weeks or more. In another example, the personal care composition
disclosed herein may
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not exhibit any phase separation after maintaining the personal care
composition at about 30 C for
at least 4 weeks, at least 8 weeks, or at least 13 weeks, or more. In yet
another example, the
personal care composition disclosed herein may not exhibit any phase
separation after maintaining
the personal care composition at about 40 C for at least 4 weeks, at least 8
weeks, or at least 13
weeks, or more. It should be appreciated that phase separation in the personal
care composition is
determined visually.
[40] In an exemplary implementation, the personal care composition may be free
or
substantially free of any one or more of silicone, silicone compounds,
propylene glycol, mineral
oil, petrolatum, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or any combination thereof. For
example, the personal
care composition may include polyethylene glycol (PEG) and may be free or
substantially free of
silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, and petrolatum.
In another example,
the personal care composition may exclude all of the following: silicone,
silicone compounds,
propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, and polyethylene glycol (PEG). In
yet another example,
the personal care composition may only include one, two, three, four, or five
of the following and
exclude the remaining: silicone, silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral
oil, petrolatum,
and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Illustrative silicone or silicone compounds may
be or include, but
are not limited to, polysiloxane polymers, such as dimethicone, dimethiconol,
cyclopentasiloxane,
or any combination thereof.
[41] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition may include
one or more
humectants. Illustrative humectants may be or include, but are not limited to,
glycerin (e.g.,
vegetable refined glycerin, etc.), propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol,
ascorbic acid, ascorbyl
dipalmitate, acetamide MEA, caprylyl glycol, glucose glutamate, glucuronic
acid, TEA-lactate,
TEA-PCA, corn syrup, fructose, glucose, glycerin, glycol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol,
sodium lactate,
sodium PCA, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, inositol, lactic acid, lactose,
mannitol, PCA, PEG-
propylene glycol, polyamino sugar condensate, pyridoxine dilaurate, saccharide
hydrolysate,
hydroxystearyl methylglucamine, glucamine, maltitol, mannitol, methyl gluceth-
10, methyl
gluceth-20, riboflavin, PEG-4, PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-9, PEG-10, PEG-12, PEG-14,
PEG-16, PEG-
18, PEG-20, PEG-32, PEG-40, glutamic acid, glycereth-7, glycereth-12,
glycereth-26, saccharide
isomerate, sorbeth-20, sorbitol, sucrose, thioglycerin, tris-
(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane,
tromethamine, histidine, PEG-75, PEG-135, PEG-150, PEG-200, PEG-5
pentaerythritol ether,
polyglyceryl sorbitol, sorbitol, urea, xylitol, or the like, or combinations
thereof. In a preferred
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implementation, the humectants may be or include, but is not limited to,
glycerin, caprylyl glycol,
or combinations thereof.
[42] The one or more humectants may be present in an amount of from about 0.1
weight % to
about 10 weight % or from about 0.5 weight % to about 20 weight %, based on a
total weight of
the personal care composition. For example, any one or more of the humectants
may be present
in an amount of from about 0.1 weight %, about 0.2 weight %, about 0.3 weight
%, about 0.4
weight %, about 0.5 weight %, about 1 weight %, about 1.5 weight %, about 2
weight %, about
2.5 weight %, about 3 weight %, about 3.5 weight %, about 4 weight %, about
4.5 weight %, or
about 5 weight % to about 5.5 weight %, about 6 weight %, about 6.5 weight %,
about 7 weight
%, about 7.5 weight %, about 8 weight %, about 8.5 weight %, about 9 weight %,
about 9.5 weight
%, about 10 weight %, or about 20 weight %, based on a total weight of the
personal care
composition. In a preferred implementation, the humectant includes glycerin
and/or caprylyl
glycol in an amount of from about 1.5 to about 10 weight %, about 2 weight %
to about 8 weight
%, about 3 weight % to about 7 weight %, or about 5 weight %, based on a total
weight of the
personal care composition.
[43] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition may include
one or more
preservatives in an amount of greater than 0 weight % and less than or equal
to about 3 weight %,
less than or equal to about 2.5 weight %, less than or equal to about 2 weight
%, less than or equal
to about 1.5 weight %, less than or equal to about 1 weight %, less than or
equal to about 0.75
weight %, less than or equal to about 0.5 weight %, or less than or equal to
about 0.25 weight %,
based on a total weight of the personal care composition. Illustrative
preservatives may include,
but are not limited to, benzalkonium chloride; benzethonium chloride, 5-bromo-
5-nitro-1,3-
dioxane; 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol; alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide; N-
(hydroxymethyl)-N-(1,3-dihydroxy methyl-2,5-dioxo-4-imidaxolidinyl-N-(hydroxy
methyl)urea;
1-3-dimethyol-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin; formaldehyde; iodopropynl butyl
carbamate, butyl
paraben; ethyl paraben; methyl paraben; propyl paraben, mixture of methyl
isothiazolinone/methyl-chloroisothiazoline in a 1:3 wt. ratio; mixture of
polyvinylpyrro/butyl
paraben/methyl paraben/propylparaben; 2-phenoxyethanol; tris-hydroxyethyl-
hexahydrotriaz-ine;
methylisothiazolinone; 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-is othiazolin-3 -one ; 1,2-dibromo-
2,4-dicyanobutane;
1-(3-chloroalkyl)-3,5,7-triaza-azoniaadam-antane chloride; sodium benzoate;
organic acids,
sorbic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, or the like, or any combination
thereof.
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[44] In at least one implementation, the one or more preservatives include
sodium benzoate in
an amount of from greater than 0 weight % to less than or equal to 2 weight %,
greater than 0
weight % to less than or equal to 1 weight %, or about 0.5 weight %, based on
a total weight of
the personal care composition. In yet another implementation, the preservative
includes sodium
benzoate in an amount of from greater than 0 weight % to less than or equal to
2 weight %, greater
than 0 weight % to less than or equal to 1 weight %, or greater than 0 weight
% to less than or
equal to 0.8 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care
composition. For example, the
personal care composition may include sodium benzoate in an amount of about
0.3 weight %,
based on a total weight of the personal care composition. In at least one
implementation, the
personal care compositions and/or the preservative system thereof may be free
or substantially free
of phenoxyethanol.
[45] In at least one implementation, the personal care composition may include
one or more
acids, one or more bases, and/or one or more buffers configured to adjust or
control the pH of the
personal care composition. The one or more acids, one or more bases, and/or
one or more buffers
may, separately and independently, be present in an amount of from greater
than 0 weight % to
less than or equal to about 5 weight %, less than or equal to about 4 weight
%, less than or equal
to about 3 weight %, less than or equal to about 2 weight %, less than or
equal to about 1 weight
%, less than or equal to about 0.75 weight %, less than or equal to about 0.5
weight %, less than
or equal to about 0.4 weight %, or less than or equal to about 0.35 weight %,
based on a total
weight of the personal care composition or the hydrophilic phase thereof.
Illustrative bases may
include, but are not limited to, ammonia; mono-, di-, and tri-alkyl amines;
mono-, di-, and tri-
alkanolamines; alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides; sodium
hydroxide, potassium
hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, monoethanolamine, triethylamine,
isopropanolamine,
diethanolamine, triethanolamine, or the like, or combinations thereof.
Illustrative acids may
include, but are not limited to, mineral acids, such as hydrochloric acid,
nitric acid, phosphoic acid,
and sulfuric acid, organic acids, polycarboxylic acids, such as citric acid,
glycolic acid, and lactic
acid, or the like, or combinations thereof. In a preferred implementation, the
hydrophilic phase
includes at least one acid, such as lactic acid, and the lactic acid is
present in an amount of from
greater than 0 weight % to about 0.8 weight %, from about 0.4 weight % to
about 0.8 weight %,
or about 0.65 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care
composition.
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[46] The personal care composition may include an emulsifying system including
one or more
surfactants and/or one or more emulsifiers. The one or more surfactants and/or
the one or more
emulsifiers may be at least partially configured to provide enhanced or
relatively greater stability
to the personal care composition, as compared to conventional personal care
compositions. The
one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers may include, but are not limited
to, one or more anionic
surfactants, one or more cationic surfactants, one or more zwitterionic
surfactants, one or more
nonionic surfactants, or mixtures thereof. Examples of suitable surfactants
may be found in U.S.
Pat, No. 3,959,458 to Agricola et al., U.S. Pat. No. 3,937,807 to Haefele, and
U.S. Pat. No.
4,051,234 to Gieske et al., the disclosures of which are incorporated herein
by reference to the
extent consistent with the present disclosure.
[47] Illustrative anionic surfactants may include, but are not limited to,
stearic acid, water-
soluble salts of higher fatty acid monoglyceride monosulfates, such as a
sodium salt of a
monosulfated monoglyceride of hydrogenated coconut oil fatty acids, such as
sodium N-methyl
N-cocoyl polyviny, sodium cocomonoglyceride sulfate. Illustrative anionic
surfactants may also
include higher alkyl sulfates. As used herein, "higher alkyl" refers to C6-30
alkyls. For example,
the anionic surfactant may be or include sodium lauryl sulfate. The anionic
surfactants may also
include higher alkyl-ether sulfates. In another implementation, the anionic
surfactant may include
higher alkyl aryl sulfonates, such as sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sodium
lauryl benzene
sulfonate), and higher alkyl sulfoacetates, such as sodium lauryl sulfoacetate
(dodecyl sodium
sulfoacetate), higher fatty acid esters of 1,2 dihydroxy propane sulfonate,
sulfocolaurate (N-2-ethyl
laurate potassium sulfoacetamide) and sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
In an exemplary
implementation, the anionic surfactant may be or include a water soluble salt
of alkyl sulfates
having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical and water soluble salts
of sulfonated
monoglycerides of fatty acids having from 10 to 18 carbon atoms.
[48] Illustrative cationic surfactants may be or include, but are not limited
to, ammonium salts
such as distearyldimethylammonium chloride, halide salts of methylated
ammonium wherein at
least one and preferably two or three of the groups on the nitrogen are long
chain substantially
saturated material such as tallow fatty radicals, hydrogenated tallow fatty
radicals, methosulfate
anionic salts of the above, long chain amidoderivative such as mink oil
amidopropyldimethy1-2-
hydroxyethylammonium chloride (Quaternium 26), aromatics such as
isododecylbenzyl triethanol
ammonium chloride, N-alkylated amphoteric materials such as N-alkylated
betaines, alkylamines,
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alkylimidazolines, various ethoxylated amines, Quaternium -8, -14, -18, -24, -
26, -27, -33, -43, -
52, -53, -60, -62, -83, esterquats, or the like, or any combination thereof.
Illustrative esterquats
may be or include, but are not limited to, dibehenoylethyl dimonium chloride,
dipalmitoylethyl
dimonium chloride, distearoylethyl dimonium chloride, ditallowoyl pg-dimonium
chloride,
dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, distearoylethyl
hydroxyethylmonium
methosulfate, or the like, or combinations and mixtures thereof. In a
preferred implementation,
the personal care composition includes one or more cationic surfactants and
the cationic surfactants
include dipalmitoylethyl dimonium chloride.
[49] Illustrative nonionic surfactants may be or include, but are not limited
to, higher alcohols
or fatty alcohols, including straight chain alcohols or ethoxylates thereof,
sorbitan fatty acid esters
(e.g., sorbitan mono oleate, sorbitan mono isostearate, sorbitan mono laurate,
sorbitan mono
palmitate, sorbitan mono stearate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitan trioleate,
diglycerol sorbitan
penta-2-ethylhexylate, diglycerol sorbitan tetra-2-ethylhexylate, etc.);
glycerin polyglycerin
aliphatic acids (e.g., mono cottonseed oil fatty acid glycerin, glyceryl
monoerucate, glycerin
sesquioleate, glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl stearate, a, a'-glycerin oleate
pyroglutamate,
monostearate glycerin malic acid, etc.); propylene glycol fatty acid esters
(e.g., propylene glycol
monostearatem, etc.); hydrogenated castor oil derivatives; glycerin
alkylethers, or the like, or
combinations thereof. Illustrative nonionic surfactants may also be or
include, but are not limited
to, sorbitan esters and ethoxylated sorbitan esters (e.g., PEG-20 sorbitan
isostearate, sorbitan
monolaurate, polysorbate-20, polysorbate-40, polysorbate-60, polysorbate-80);
ethoxylates (e.g.,
Ceteth-20, PEG-30 castor oil, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60
hydrogenated castor oil,
Laureth-7, Isolaureth-6, Steareth-10, Steareth-20, Steareth-21, Steareth-100,
Ceteareth-12, Oleth-
5, Oleth-10, etc.); ethoxylated adducts (e.g., PEG-25 stearate, glyceryl
stearate, PEG-100 stearate,
etc.); polyoxyethylene (100) monostearate, a polyethylene glycol ester of
stearic acid, PEG esters
(e.g., PEG-8 oleate, PEG-8 laurate, PEG-8 dilaurate, PEG-12 dilaurate, PEG-80
diisostearate,
PEG-40 stearate, etc.); propoxylates (e.g., PPG-10 butanediol, PPG-50 oleyl
ether, PPG-2-
ceteareth-9, PPG-3-deceth-3, PPG-5-ceteth-20); ethoxylated modified
triglycerides (e.g., PEG-20
corn glycerides, PEG-12 palm kernel glycerides); alkylphenol aromatic
ethoxylates (e.g.,
dinonylphenol ethoxylate with 9 moles of EO octylphenol ethoxylate with 20
moles of EO,
octylphenol ethoxylate with 40 moles of E0); block copolymers that are
alkoxylated glycols
having ethoxylated and propoxylated segments (e.g., POLOXAMERTm 182 and 234,
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POLOXAMERTm 105 Benzoate, and MEROXAPOLTM 174); or the like, or combinations
thereof.
Illustrative ethoxylates may be or include, but are not limited to, Ceteth-20,
PEG-30 castor oil,
PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil, Laureth-7,
Isolaureth-6,
S teareth- 10, Steareth-20, Steareth-21, Steareth-100, Ceteareth-12, Oleth-5,
Oleth-10.
[50] Illustrative nonionic surfactants may also include, but are not
limited to, the reaction
products of aliphatic alcohols or alkylphenols having 6 to 20 carbon atoms in
a linear or branched
alkyl chain with ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide where the alkylene
oxide may be from
about 6 moles to about 60 moles per mole of alcohol. For example, the nonionic
surfactants may
include, but are not limited to, alkylamine oxides, mono- and
dialkylalkanolamides, fatty acid
esters of polyethylenenglycols, ethoxylated fatty acids amides, saturated
fatty acid alcohols reacted
with ethylene oxide, alkyl polyglycosides, and sorbitan ether esters, one or
more Ceteareth-n, such
as Ceteareth-2, Ceteareth-3, Ceteareth-4, Ceteareth-5, Ceteareth-6, Ceteareth-
7, Ceteareth-8,
Ceteareth-9, Ceteareth- 10, Ceteareth- 11, Ceteareth- 12, Ceteareth- 13,
Ceteareth- 14, Ceteareth- 15,
Ceteareth-16, Ceteareth-17, Ceteareth-18, Ceteareth-20, Ceteareth-22,
Ceteareth-23, Ceteareth-
24, Ceteareth-25, Ceteareth-27, Ceteareth-28, Ceteareth-29, Ceteareth-30,
Ceteareth-33,
Ceteareth-34, Ceteareth-40, Ceteareth-50, Ceteareth-55, Ceteareth-60,
Ceteareth-80, Ceteareth-
100, or the like, or combinations thereof, or one or more Ceteareth in
combination with a fatty acid
alcohol such as stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, arachidyl
alcohol, cetyl alcohol,
cetearyl alcohol (i.e., a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohols), or the like,
or any combination
thereof. It should be appreciated that Ceteareth-n is a name of an INCI family
and refers to
polyoxyethylene ethers of a mixture of high molecular mass saturated fatty
alcohols, where the 'n'
indicates the average number of ethylene oxide residues in the polyoxyethylene
chain. In an
exemplary implementation, the nonionic surfactants include cetearyl alcohol,
ceteareth-20, cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol, or combinations thereof. It should be appreciated
that Ceteareth-20 (CAS
Number 68439-49-6) is a polyethylene glycol ether of cetearyl alcohol.
[51] The nonionic surfactants may include one or more fatty alcohols or higher
alcohols.
Illustrative fatty alcohols or higher alcohols may be or include, but are not
limited to, straight chain
alcohols, such as a C12_22 fatty alcohol, or preferably a C16_18 fatty
alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl
alcohol, cetyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, cetyl-stearyl
alcohol 50/50, or the like, or
combinations thereof. Illustrative fatty alcohols may also include branch
chain alcohols, such as
monostearyl glycerin ether (batyl alcohol), 2-decyltetradecynol, lanolin
alcohol, cholesterol,
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phytosterol, hexyl dodecanol, isostearyl alcohol, octyl dodecanol), or the
like, or combinations
thereof. In a preferred implementation, the personal care composition or the
emulsifying system
thereof includes cetearyl alcohol, ceteareth-20, cetyl alcohol, stearyl
alcohol,.
[52] The amount of each of the one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers
present in the
personal care composition or the emulsifying system thereof may vary widely.
For example, each
of the one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers may, separately and
independently, be present in
an amount of from about greater than 0 weight % to less than or equal to about
20 weight %, based
on a total weight of the personal care composition or the emulsifying system
thereof. For example,
each of the one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers may, separately and
independently, be
present in an amount of from about greater than 0 weight %, 0.25 weight %,
about 0.5 weight %,
about 0.75 weight %, about 1 weight %, about 1.25 weight %, about 1.5 weight
%, about 1.75
weight %, about 2 weight %, about 2.25 weight %, about 2.5 weight %, or about
3 weight % to
about 3.5 weight %, about 4 weight %, about 4.5 weight %, about 5 weight %,
about 5.5 weight
%, about 6 weight %, or greater, based on a total weight of the personal care
composition or the
emulsifying system thereof. In another example, each of the one or more
surfactants and/or
emulsifiers may, separately and independently, be present in an amount of from
about greater than
0 weight %, about 1 weight %, about 2 weight %, about 3 weight %, about 4
weight %, about 5
weight %, about 6 weight %, or about 7 weight % to about 8 weight %, about 9
weight %, about
weight %, about 11 weight %, about 12 weight %, about 13 weight %, about 14
weight %,
about 15 weight %, or about 20 weight %, based on a total weight of the
personal care composition
or the emulsifying system thereof.
[53] In at least one implementation, a weight ratio of any one surfactant or
emulsifier to any
other surfactant or emulsifier in the emulsifying system may vary from about
0.1:1 to about 3:1.
For example, the weight ratio of any one surfactant/emulsifier to any other
surfactant/emulsifier
in the emulsifying system may be from about 0.1:1, about 0.2:2, about 0.3:1,
about 0.4:1, about
0.5:1, about 0.6:1, about 0.7:1, about 0.8:1, or about 0.9:1 to about 1:1,
about 1.1:1, about 1.2:1,
about 1.3:1, about 1.4:1, about 1.5:1, about 2:1, about 2.5:1, or about 3:1.
[54] In at least one implementation, a weight ratio of any one or more of the
emulsifiers to any
one or more of the stabilizers may be from about 1:1 to about 1.5:1. For
example, a weight ratio
of ceteareth-20 and cetearyl alcohol to cetyl and/or stearyl alcohol may be
from about 1:1 to about
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1.5:1. In another implementation, a weight ratio of any one or more of the
stabilizers to any one
or more of the emollients may be from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
[55] The personal care compositions disclosed herein may include one or more
emollients. The
one or more emollients may be configured to maintain a soft, smooth, and
pliable appearance to
the skin The one or more emollients may be or include, but are not limited to,
fatty esters, fatty
alcohols, or combinations thereof. Illustrative emollients may be or include,
but are not limited
to, diisopropyl adipate, oleyl alcohol, lanolin, isopropyl myristate,
isopropyl palmitate, coco-
caprylate, diethylhexyl carbonate, caprylic/capric triglycerides, cetyl
lactate, cetyl palmitate,
hydrogenated castor oil, glyceryl esters, hydroxycetyl isostearate, hydroxy
cetyl phosphate,
isopropyl isostearate, isostearyl isostearate, diisopropyl sebacate,
polyoxypropylene (5)
poloxyethylene (20) cetyl ether (PPG-5-Ceteth-20), 2-ethylhexyl isononoate, 2-
ethylhexyl
stearate, C12 to C16 fatty alcohol, C12 to C16 fatty alcohol lactate,
isopropyl lanolate, 2-ethyl-hexyl
salicylate, or the like, or combinations thereof. In some implementations, the
one or more
emollients may be a combination of fatty alcohols. In some implementations,
the one or more
emollients may be 1-hexadecanol, acetylated lanolin, behenocyl dimethicone,
C12-15 alkyl
benzoate, cetearyl octanoate, cocoglycerides, dicaprylate/dicaprate
dimethicone copolyol,
dimethiconol, dioctyl adipate, glyceryl stearate, isocetyl alcohol,
isohexadecane,
isopentylcyclohexanone, isopropyl palmitate, lauryllactate, mineral oil,
methoxy peg-22/dodecyl
glycol copolymer, myristyl lactate, ocryldodecyl neopentanoate, octyl cocoate,
octyl palmitate,
octyl stearate, octyldodecyl neopentanoate, polyglycery1-4 isosterate,
polyoxyl 40 stearate,
polyoxymethylene urea, potassium sorbate, propylene glycol, propylene glycol
isoceth-3 acetate,
propylene glycol myristyl ether acetate, or combinations thereof. Illustrative
emollients may also
include, but are not limited to, a high molecular weight saturated and
unsaturated fatty alcohol
such as, but not limited to, carbitol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl
alcohol, isocetyl alcohol,
stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, hydroxystearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol,
ricinoleyl alcohol,
behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, 2-octyldodecanyl alcohol, cetearyl alcohol,
lanolin alcohol, or the
like, or any combination thereof. As discussed above, in at least one
implementation, the personal
care composition may be free or substantially free of silicone and/or silicone
compounds. As such,
the personal care composition may be free or substantially free of behenocyl
dimethicone,
dicaprylate/dicaprate dimethicone copolyol, dimethiconol, or the like.
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[56] In a preferred implementation, the emollient may be selected from
isopropyl palmitate,
coco-caprylate, cocoglyceride, diethylhexyl carbonate, or a combination
thereof.
[57] In at least one implementation, the personal care compositions disclosed
herein may
include one or more emollients in an amount from greater than 0 weight % to
about 5 weight %,
based on a total weight of the personal care composition. For example, the one
or more emollients
may be present in an amount of from greater than 0 weight %, about 0.1 weight
%, about 0.3
weight %, about 0.5 weight %, about 1 weight %, or about 2 weight % to about
2.5 weight %,
about 3 weight %, about 3.5 weight %, about 4 weight %, or about 5 weight %,
based on a total
weight of the personal care composition.
[58] In at least one implementation, the emollient system may include one or
more stabilizers.
The one or more stabilizers may be or include, but are not limited to cetyl
alcohol, stearyl alcohol,
or combinations thereof. The one or more stabilizers may be present in an
amount of from greater
than 0 weight % to about 5 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal
care composition.
For example, the one or more stabilizers may be present in an amount of from
greater than 0 weight
%, about 0.1 weight %, about 0.3 weight %, about 0.5 weight %, about 1 weight
%, or about 2
weight % to about 2.5 weight %, about 3 weight %, about 3.5 weight %, about 4
weight %, or
about 5 weight %, based on a total weight of the personal care composition.
[59] In a preferred implementation, the personal care composition or the
emulsifying system
thereof may include a combination of dipalmitoylethyl dimonium chloride,
cetearyl
alcohol/ceteareth-20, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl palmiate, or
combinations thereof.
[60] In some implementation, the personal care composition may include one or
more skin care
agents. Any suitable skin care agents that do not adversely affect the
stability and/or efficacy of
the personal care composition may be utilized. The skin care agents may
generally include one or
more polymers (e.g., polyvinylpyrrolidone), starches (e.g., tapioca starches,
hydrophobically
modified corn starch, such as DRY-FLO TS CAS Nos. 68989-12-8, 68554-70-1,
9005-25-8,
etc.), protein derivatives (e.g., derivatized hydrolyzed wheat protein),
ethoxylated fatty ethers,
cellulosics (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose), or the like, or combinations
thereof. Illustrative skin care
agents may include, but are not limited to, esters comprising an aliphatic
alcohol having about 2
to about 18 carbon atoms condensed with an aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic
acid including about
8 to about 20 carbon atoms (e.g., isopropyl myristate, decyl oleate, cetearyl
isononanate, etc.). The
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esters may be straight chained or branched. In a preferred implementation, the
ester has a
molecular weight of less than about 500.
[61] Other skin care agents may include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl-
pyrrolidone,
polyquaternium-4, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-10, guar gum derivatives,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, a polyethylene glycol, a
methyl ether of a
polyethylene glycol, quaternium-79, wheat germamidopropyl hydroxypropyl
dimonium
hydrolyzed wheat protein, stearyl methicone, dimethicone copolyol, dimethicone
propyl PG
betaine, poly(sodium styrene sulfonate), sorbitan oleate, steareth-2, steareth-
21, isoceteth-20,
PEG-7 glyceryl cocoate, PEG-75 lanolin, glycereth-26, PPG-5-ceteth-20, a C12-
C20 alcohol, canola
oil, glyceryl laurate, triglyceryl monostearate, glyceryl monostearate,
vitamin E acetate, sunflower
seed amidopropylethyldimonium ethylsulfate, sodium PEG-7 olive oil
carboxylate, PPG-1
hydroxyethyl caprylamide, PPG-2 hydroxyethyl cocamide, mineral oil,
petrolatum, aloe
barbadensis, is o stearamidoprop ylmorpholine lactate,
strontium acetate,
palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, or the like, or combinations thereof. In
a preferred
implementation, the skin care agent is or includes a conditioner, such as a
cationic cellulose
polymer (e.g., polyquaternium-7). As indicated above, the personal care
composition may be free
or substantially free of any one or more of PEG, mineral oil, and petrolatum.
Accordingly, the
personal care composition or the other skin care agents thereof may not
include PEG, mineral oil,
and/or petrolatum.
[62] The personal care composition may include one or more additional optional
ingredients.
Illustrative optional ingredients may include, but are not limited to, one or
more dyes, fragrances,
preservatives, thickeners, viscosity modifiers, antioxidants, chelating agents
(e.g., EDTA,
phosphates, etc.), opacifiers, hydric solvents, hydrotropes, antimicrobials,
or the like, or any
combination thereof. In at least one implementation, the personal care
composition may be free
or substantially free of parabens.
[63] The personal care composition may include water. The water may be
deionized water,
demineralized water, and/or softened water. Water may make up the balance of
the personal care
composition. For example, the amount of water present in the personal care
composition may be
greater than 60 weight %, greater than 65 weight %, greater than 70 weight %,
greater than 75
weight %, greater than 80 weight %, greater than 85 weight %, greater than 90
weight %, greater
than 92 weight %, greater than 94 weight %, greater than 96 weight %, or more,
based on a total
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weight of the personal care composition. The amount of water in the personal
care composition
may include free water added and water introduced with other components or
materials of the
personal care composition. For example, the amount of the water in the
personal care composition
may include free water and water associated with one or more surfactants
and/or any other
components of the personal care composition.
METHODS
[64] The present disclosure may provide methods for preparing stable personal
care
compositions. Particularly, the present disclosure may provide methods for
preparing stable, low
pH personal care compositions that are free or substantially free of silicone,
silicone compounds,
propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or any
combination thereof.
The present disclosure may also provide methods for preventing the separation
of hydrophobic
and hydrophilic phases in personal care compositions that are free or
substantially free of silicone,
silicone compounds, propylene glycol, mineral oil, petrolatum, polyethylene
glycol (PEG), or any
combination thereof when exposed to various aging conditions. It should be
appreciated by one
having ordinary skill in the art that the aging conditions may be provided or
defined by the
International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for
Pharmaceuticals for
Human Use (ICH) Guidelines. The method may include mixing, combining,
stirring, emulsifying,
or otherwise contacting two or more of the components/ingredients disclosed
herein with one
another. The method may also include heating the components/ingredients
before, during, or after
mixing, combining, stirring, emulsifying, or otherwise contacting the
components with one
another. The method may include preparing a hydrophobic phase and a
hydrophilic phase, and
contacting the hydrophobic phase with the hydrophilic phase. For example, the
method may
include preparing the hydrophobic phase including one or more of the
components disclosed
herein, preparing the hydrophilic phase including one or more of the
components disclosed herein,
and mixing, combining, stirring, emulsifying, or otherwise contacting the
hydrophobic phase and
the hydrophilic phase with one another. The method may also include heating
the hydrophilic
phase and/or the hydrophobic phase while mixing, combining, stirring,
emulsifying, or otherwise
contacting the hydrophobic phase and the hydrophilic phase with one another.
The hydrophobic
phase and/or the hydrophilic phase may be heated at a temperature of from
about 60 C to about
90 C, about 65 C to about 85 C, about 70 C to about 80 C, or about 75 C to
about 80 C.
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[65] The method for preparing stable personal care compositions may also
include preparing an
emulsifying system including one or more surfactants and/or emulsifiers to
enhance the stability
of the personal care composition. The method of preparing the emulsifying
system may include
mixing, combining, stirring, or otherwise contacting the one or more
surfactants and/or emulsifiers
with one another. For example, the method of preparing the emulsifying system
may include
mixing, combining, stirring, or otherwise contacting dipalmitoylethyl dimonium
chloride, cetearyl
alcohol and ceteareth-20, stearyl alcohol, isopropyl palmitate, cetyl alcohol,
or any combination
thereof with one another.
[66] All ingredients for use in the compositions described herein should be
topically acceptable.
As used herein, "topically acceptable" may refer any ingredient that is
present in a composition as
described in an amount and form which does not render the composition unsafe
for use on surfaces
of skin.
EXAMPLES
[67] The examples and other implementations described herein are exemplary and
not intended
to be limiting in describing the full scope of compositions and methods of
this disclosure.
Equivalent changes, modifications and variations of specific implementations,
materials,
compositions and methods may be made within the scope of the present
disclosure, with
substantially similar results.
[68] Example 1
[69] Test personal care compositions (1)-(17) were prepared by combining the
ingredients/components according to Tables lA and 1B.
Particularly, the amount of
dipalmitoylethyl dimonium chloride, cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20, stearyl
alcohol, and cetyl
alcohol were combined according to Tables lA and 1B, and the remaining
components were
combined according to the ranges as provided in Table 1C. Generally, the
ingredients/components
of each of the test personal care compositions (1)-(17) were combined
according to the ranges
disclosed in Table 1D. As indicated in Tables lA and 1B, it should be
appreciated that the amount
of dipalitoylethyl dimonium chloride was generally present in an amount of
from about 0.3% to
about 0.5%, and that all remaining raw materials were generally held constant
with the exception
of water, which was adjusted to accommodate the variances in the amount of
cetearyl
alcohol/ceteareth-20, stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, isopropyl palmitate, or
combinations thereof.
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Table 1A
Personal Care Compositions (1)-(8)
Weight (%)
COMPONENT 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 8
Dipalmitoylethyl Dimonium Chloride 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.30 0.30
Cetearyl Alcohol / Ceteareth-20 2.00
4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Stearyl Alcohol 1.50
3.00 3.00 3.00 1.50 3.00 1.50 1.50
Cetyl Alcohol 3.50 1.50 3.50 1.50 3.50 1.50
1.50 3.50
Isopropyl PaImitate 4.00
4.00 1.50 1.50 4.00 4.00 4.00 1.50
Table 1B
Personal Care Compositions (9)-(17)
Weight (%)
COMPONENT 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Dipalmitoylethyl Dimonium
Chloride 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.50
Cetearyl Alcohol / Ceteareth-20 2.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 2.00 4.00 3.00
4.00
Stearyl Alcohol 3.00 3.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 3.00 1.50 2.25 3.00
Cetyl Alcohol 3.50 1.50 3.50 1.50 1.50 3.50 1.50 2.50 3.50
Isopropyl PaImitate 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.50 4.00 4.00 1.50 2.75 4.00
Table 1C
Remaining Components of Personal Care Compositions (1)-(17)
COMPONENT Range
Deionized Water 72-80
Caprylyl Glycol 0.1-3
Preservative 0.1-3
Acid 0.1-2
Glycerin 1-6
Amino Acids 0.1-4
Cocoglycerides 1-4
Coco-caprylate 1-4
Diethylhexyl Carbonate 0.1-3
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Table 1D
Amount of Components in Personal Care Compositions (1)-(17)
COMPONENT Range
Water QS
Humectants 1-6
Preservatives 0.5-1.5
Cationic Surfactants 0.1-2
Nonionic Surfactants 2-4
Fatty Alcohols 0.5-4
Emollient/ Skin conditioning agent 0.1-5
[70] Example 2
[71] The stability of each of the test personal care compositions (1)-(17)
prepared in Example
1 was evaluated. Particularly, the stability of each of the test personal care
compositions (1)-(17)
of Example 1 was evaluated by measuring or observing the pH and viscosity
under various
accelerated aging conditions.
[72] To evaluate the viscosity under the various accelerated aging conditions,
each of the test
personal care compositions (1)-(17) was placed in a respective glass jar and
exposed to an
environment maintained at the particular conditions (e.g., time and
temperature) indicated in Table
2. After the respective times of each of the studies elapsed, each of the
personal care compositions
was removed from the environment and allowed to cool in a monitored stability
chamber
maintained at about 25 C. After cooling to about 25 C, the viscosity and pH
were measured, and
the personal care compositions were observed/evaluated visually. Viscosity was
measured using
a Brookfield rheometer with spindle T-93 at 10 RPM for about 1 minute.
[73] The results of the pH and viscosity stability analysis of the test
personal care compositions
(1)-(17) are summarized in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. It should be
appreciated that the personal
care composition was considered relatively stable if no separation was
observed and the viscosity
and pH values were deemed relatively stable throughout the analysis, based on
the definition of
"relatively stable" disclosed herein.
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Table 2
pH of Control and Test Personal Care Compositions (C) and (1)-(17) A
3. - 0 C B -10 C 49 C 30 C 30 C 30 C 40 C 40 C 40 C
# Initial
F-T (x3) F-T (x3) 4 wks 4 wks 8 wks 13 wks 4 wks 8 wks 13 wks
1 4.3 4.32 4.32 Sep. 4.29 4.25 4.26 4.25 4.2 4.24
2 4.38 4.38 4.38 Sep. 4.36 4.33 4.33 4.24 4.27 4.28
3 4.23 4.27 4.26 4.17 4.24 4.2 4.2 4.15 4.17 4.18
4 4.3 Sep. 4.31 4.25 4.26 4.23 4.24 4.18 4.18 4.21
4.34 4.35 4.36 Sep. 4.34 4.29 4.3 4.24 4.24 4.28
6 4.35 Sep. 4.33 Sep. 4.34 4.29 4.29 4.23 4.4 4.24
7 4.32 Sep. Sep. Sep. 4.33 4.28 4.29 Sep. Sep. Sep.
8 4.34 Sep. 4.34 Sep. 4.3 4.27 4.27 4.21 4.22 4.22
9 4.38 4.39 4.42 Sep. 4.35 4.31 4.31 4.24 4.25 4.31
4.26 4.29 4.31 Sep. 4.27 4.24 4.24 4.18 4.19 4.18
11 4.37 4.39 4.38 4.28 4.37 4.33 4.33 4.27 4.28 4.28
12 4.21 4.24 4.24 Sep. 4.21 4.2 4.2 4.15 4.14 4.15
13 4.33 4.33 4.34 Sep. 4.31 4.27 4.27 4.22 4.22 4.24
14 4.38 Sep. 4.38
Sep. 4.35 4.32 4.29 4.25 4.24 4.3
4.3 4.29 4.31 Sep. 4.28 4.26 4.25 4.2 4.2 4.23
16 4.29 4.32 4.31 Sep. 4.27 4.24 4.26 4.2 4.19 4.22
17 4.31 4.34 4.33 4.33 4.29 4.27 4.28 4.22 4.2 4.23
A Sep. = Phase Separation;
B Aging Condition: -30 C Freeze-Thaw; 3 Cycles
C Aging Condition: -10 C Freeze-Thaw; 3 Cycles
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Table 3
Viscosity (cP) of Control and Test Personal Care Compositions (C) and (1)-(17)
A
# I 3. -
0 C B -10 C 49 C 30 C 30 C 30 C 40 C 40 C 40 C
nit ia l 13
F-T (x3) F-T (x3) 4 wks 4 wks 8 wks 13 wks 4 wks 8 wks
wks
1 22200 83600
95900 Sep. 20700 22500 48600 17700 19900 25400
2 49300 73800
82400 Sep. 37300 62200 94400 23100 29500 41800
3 25700 96300
89500 20000 30200 23600 50600 21600 24800 34800
4 34800 Sep.
77000 20800 27000 31900 45200 23600 26400 31800
65500 96200
95900 Sep. 57400 68500 105000 42300 45100 73200
6 43600 Sep.
77200 Sep. 35500 38800 56600 21800 23600 29200
7 16000 Sep. Sep.
Sep. 13100 13500 19000 Sep. Sep. Sep.
8 14200 Sep.
63800 Sep. 12800 15500 24200 10800 12900 18800
9 53600 85600
86700 Sep. 57400 63500 103000 41100 42500 75800
38300 69100 54000
Sep. 32400 39600 63200 28600 26700 42600
11 88600 77500
95900 47300 85900 69100 126000 62700 64900 98400
12 24700 73800 62800 Sep. 20900 17800 32000 16100 14600 17000
13 74800 60500
72700 Sep. 65700 67800 115000 44200 44400 64200
14 31100 Sep.
80100 Sep. 24700 38900 59200 15900 17000 22000
44600 61800 53700
Sep. 33400 37600 59000 30300 28300 41600
16 53700 80800
90900 Sep. 52100 64400 106000 32100 32500 47400
17 40800 96400
96300 34600 42000 50400 77000 35400 37800 56400
A Sep. = Phase Separation;
B Aging Condition: -30 C Freeze-Thaw; 3 Cycles
C Aging Condition: -10 C Freeze-Thaw; 3 Cycles
[74] As illustrated in Tables 2 and 3, personal care compositions (3), (11),
and (17) remained
stable by maintaining acceptable pH and viscosity values, and did not exhibit
any phase separation
throughout the various accelerated aging conditions. It was observed that the
physical properties
of the personal care compositions (3), (11), and (17) were also unchanged
throughout the various
accelerated aging conditions. Particularly, the color, odor, and appearance of
the personal care
compositions (3), (11), and (17) were unchanged throughout the various
accelerated aging
conditions.
[75] It should be appreciated that personal care compositions (3), (11),
and (17) all contained
cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20 at about 4% and cetyl alcohol at about 3.5%.
[76] As indicated above, personal care compositions (3) included stearyl
alcohol in an amount
of about 3%, which resulted in a combined total fatty alcohol content of cetyl
alcohol and stearyl
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alcohol to be about 6.5%. Personal care composition (3) also included
isopropyl palmitate in an
amount of about 1.5%.
[77] Personal care composition (11) included stearyl alcohol in an amount of
about 1.5%, cetyl
alcohol in an amount of about 3.5%, thereby providing a total of the fatty
alcohols of about 5%.
Personal care composition (11) also included isopropyl palmitate in an amount
of about 1.5%.
[78] Personal care composition (17) included stearyl alcohol in an amount of
about 3%, cetyl
alcohol in an amount of about 3.5%, thereby providing a total of the fatty
alcohols of about 6.5%.
Personal care composition (11) also included isopropyl palmitate in an amount
of about 1.5%.
[79] It was surprisingly found that personal care composition (17) was the
only stable personal
care composition including isopropyl palmitate in an amount of about 4%.
[80] It was surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that stable personal care
compositions
having a pH of from about 4 to about 5 may be prepared when the primary
emulsifier(s), namely,
cetearyl alcohol and ceteareth-20, are present in an amount of about 4%, the
combined amount of
cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol is present in an amount of greater than or
equal to about 5%, and
cetyl alcohol is present in an amount of 3.5% or greater. It was also
surprisingly and unexpectedly
discovered that stable personal care compositions having a pH of from about 4
to about 5 may be
prepared when the isopropyl palmitate is present in an amount of about or at
least 1.5%. It was
further surprisingly and unexpectedly discovered that if isopropyl palmitate
is present in an amount
of about 4%, then stable personal care compositions having a pH of from about
4 to about 5 may
be prepared by providing a total of cetyl alcohol and stearyl alcohol of about
6.5% or greater,
and/or an amount of cetearyl alcohol / ceteareth-20 in an amount of about 4%
or greater.
[81] Example 3
[82] The whiteness, absorbability, spreadability, tackiness, and greasiness
were also evaluate.
To evaluate whiteness, absorbability, tackiness, spreadability, and
greasiness, a Small Sensory
Panel of ten panelists for sensory properties was utilized. Each of the ten
panelists assessed each
of the test personal care compositions (3), (11), and (17) by using a
standardized methodology and
a 0 to 5 point assessment scale, where '0' represented the lowest level (i.e.,
none or low) and '5'
represented the highest value. A controlled amount of each of the test
personal care compositions
(3), (11), and (17) was applied for the analysis. The results analyzing the
sensory properties of
personal care compositions (3), (11), and (17) are summarized in Table 4.
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Table 4
Sensory Properties of Personal Care Compositions (3), (11), and (17)
Std Std Std Std Std
Composition W Ac Tc Sc Gc
Dev Dev Dev Dev Dev
(3)
2.00 1.41 3.70 1.16 2.00 1.15 4.20 0.79 2.00 1.05
(11) 2.00 1.49 3.90 0.74 2.50 1.27 4.10 0.57 2.00 1.25
(17) 1.70 0.95 3.90 0.88 1.70 0.67 4.00 0.94 2.00 1.15
C W = Whiteness; A = Absorbability; S = Spreadability; T = Tackiness; G =
Greasiness
[83] The present disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary
implementations.
Although a limited number of implementations have been shown and described, it
will be
appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these
implementations without
departing from the principles and spirit of the preceding detailed
description. It is intended that
the present disclosure be construed as including all such modifications and
alterations insofar as
they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
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