Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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TILLAGE GANG ADJUSTMENT
The present invention relates to cultivators and more specifically mechanisms
to adjust a
lateral position of ground engaging tools of the cultivator.
BACKGROUND
Cultivators are used in agriculture to till a field by mechanically agitating
the soil. This
can be clone for a number of reasons including to prepare a good seed bed for
crops to be
planted in the field. To create a good seed bed, the cultivator must create a
uniform
under surface floor. A good seed bed allows a planter, following the
cultivation of the
field, to properly seed the field.
With a cultivator that uses angled discs to agitate the soil. a cutting
profile the discs cut
into the soil is a parabolic shape which starts at its greatest width at the
surface of the soil
and tapers to no cut at the deepest point of the cutting profile. At the
surface, the width
of the cutting profile is typically less than the spacing of the discs,
leaving paths of soil
untouched by the discs of the cultivator as they pass through the soil in the
field.
However, by going faster, soil thrown from a disc as it cuts through the soil
can fracture
soil in these paths of unfilled soil; breaking up the soil in these paths
which can have the
effect of a completely tilled pass.
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As the cultivator is pulled through a field, the soil conditions in the field
can vary. For
example, the moisture content, compaction of the soil in the field, amount of
surface
residue, etc., can all change the soil conditions in different parts of the
field. This change
of the soil conditions can change the distance soil is thrown by the discs and
therefore the
effectiveness of the discs ability to knock down the paths of untouched soil
between the
cutting profiles of the discs. Additionally, over time and with repeated use
of the
cultivator, the discs can wear down causing the diameter of the discs to
decrease and
therefore the discs will have a smaller active cutting width. This smaller
active cutting
width will increase the path of the untilled soil between the discs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a first aspect, a cultivator is provided having a hitch assembly
connectable to a tow
vehicle to tow the cultivator in a travel direction, a tilling section having
a front end and a
back end, a tool frame provided in the tilling section, a mounting bar
provided below the
tool frame, a plurality of ground engaging tools connected to and extending
below the
mounting bar, a plurality of mounting brackets attaching the mounting bar to
the tool
frame, the mounting bracket allowing the mounting bar to be moved laterally
relative to
the tool frame, and at least one adjustment mounting bracket attaching the
mounting bar
to the tool frame and operative to adjust the mounting bar laterally relative
to the tool
frame.
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In a further aspect, the cultivator has an adjustment mounting bracket which
has a
connection arm connected to the mounting bar, a frame connector connected to
the tool
frame, an adjustment member, and an adjustment rod provided between the
adjustment
member and the connection arm to adjust the connection arm relative to the
frame
connector.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A preferred embodiment of the present invention is described below with
reference to the
accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a top view of a cultivator;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the cultivator shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cultivator shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the cultivator shown in FIG. I;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the cultivator shown in FIG. 1 in a transport
position;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a tool frame having a number of ground
engaging tools;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a ground engaging tool;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the ground engaging tool shown in FIG. 7;
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FIG. 9 is a side view of the ground engaging tool shown in FIG. 7 and mounted
on a
mounting bar;
FIG. 10 is a close up view of a mounting bracket;
FIG. 11 is a close up view of an adjustment mounting bracket;
FIG. 12 is a schematic rear view of ground engaging tools tilling a field;
FIG. 13 is a front schematic view of ground engaging tools tilling a field;
and
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of cutting profiles cut into soil into a field.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATED EMBODIMENTS
FIGS. 1-4 illustrate a cultivator 10 for cultivating or tilling a field,
typically used for
growing agricultural crops. The cultivator 10 is pulled behind a tow vehicle
(not shown),
while the cultivator 10 is in a field position (as shown in FIGS. 1-4). Ground
engaging
tools 150 extend down from the cultivator 10 to penetrate into the soil of the
field and till
the soil in the field by agitating the soil as the cultivator 10 is pulled
through the field by
the tow vehicle. The cultivator 10 can be transformed into a transport
position, as shown
.. in FIG. 5, so that it can be towed from field to field, such as along a
public roadway. The
cultivator 10 can comprise: a hitch assembly 20; a main frame 30; a tilling
section 50
having a rear frame 60, a first wing frame 70, and a second wing frame 80;
tilling section
actuators 51A, 51B; a first wing actuator 73; a second wing actuator 83; a
pair of main
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ground wheels 90A, 9011; a pair of wing ground wheels 120A, 120B; ground
engaging
tools 150; packing assemblies 197; and packer actuators 225.
The main frame 30 can have a front end 32 and a back end 34 with the hitch
assembly 20
connected to the front end 32 of the main frame 30 for attachment to the tow
vehicle (not
shown) to tow the cultivator 10 in the travel direction, T. The main frame 30
can be
pivotally attached to the tilling section 50, comprising the rear frame 60,
the first wing
frame 70, and the second wing frame 80, by the back end 34 of the main frame
30 being
pivotally connected to the rear frame 60 so that the rear frame 60 can pivot
upwards
around the back end 34 of the main frame 30.
The pair of main ground wheels 90A, 90B can be movably attached to the main
frame 30
so that the main ground wheels 90A, 90B can be moved vertically relative to
the main
frame 30 to raise and lower the main frame 30 relative to the main ground
wheels 90A,
9011 and thereby alter the height of the main frame 30 above the ground
surface.
A pair of tilling section actuators 51A, 51B, such as double acting hydraulic
cylinders,
can be provided extending between the main frame 30 and the rear frame 60.
Retracting
these tilling section actuators 51A, 51B will cause the rear frame 60 to pivot
upwards
relative to the main frame 30 and around the back end 34 of the main frame 30.
Extending these tilling section actuators 51A, 51B will pivot the rear frame
60
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downwards relative to the main frame 30 and around the back end 34 of the main
frame
30.
The rear frame 60, the first wing frame 70, and the second wing frame 80
together form
the tilling section 50 having a front end 52 and a back end 54.
A front end of the rear frame 60 can be pivotally connected to the back end 34
of the
main frame 30 so that the rear frame 60 can pivot relative to the back end 34
of the main
frame 30. A first side of the rear frame 60 can be pivotally connected to the
first wing
frame 70 and a second side of the rear frame 60 can be pivotally connected to
the second
wing frame 80.
The first wing frame 70 can be pivotally connected to a first side of the rear
frame 60 so
that the first wing frame 70 can pivot relative to the rear frame 60 around
the first side of
the rear frame 60. The first wing ground wheel 120A can be attached at a front
end of the
first wing frame 70 and be movably attached so that the first wing ground
wheel 120A
can be moved vertically, relative to the front end of the first wing frame 70
to raise and
lower the front end of the first wing frame 70 and adjust the height of the
front end of the
first wing frame 70 above the ground surface.
The second wing frame 80 can be pivotally connected to a second side of the
rear frame
60 so that the second wing frame 80 can pivot relative to the rear frame 60
around the
second side of the rear frame 60. The second wing ground wheel 120B can be
attached at
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a front end of the second wing frame 80 and movably attached to the front end
of the
second wing frame 80 so that the second wing ground wheel 120B can be moved
vertically, relative to the front end of the second wing frame 80, to raise
and lower the
front end of the second wing frame 80 and adjust the height of the front end
of the second
wing frame 80 above the ground surface.
The rear frame 60, the first wing frame 70 and the second wing frame 80 are
tool frames
for holding the ground engaging tools 1.50. The ground engaging tools 150
extend
downwards beneath the tilling section 50 for penetrating the ground surface
and agitating
with the soil as the ground engaging tools 150 are pulled through the soil.
The ground
engaging tools 150 can be positioned in a first row of ground engaging tools
150A and a
second row of ground engaging tools 150B in the tilling section 50. The first
row of
ground engaging tools 150A can be positioned in front of, and parallel to, the
second row
of ground engaging tools 150B.
Packer assemblies 197 can be attached to the back end 54 of the tilling
section 50 and
have a packer roller 199 to pack and flatten the soil after it has been tilled
up by the
ground engaging tools 150 in the tilling section 50 with one packer assembly
197
attached behind the rear frame 60, one packer assembly 197 attached behind the
first
wing frame 70 and one packer assembly 197 attached behind the second wing
frame 80.
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Each packer assembly 197 can be pivotally connected to the back end 54 of the
tilling
section 50. The packer actuators 225 allow the packer assemblies 197 to be
selectively
pivoted around the back end 54 of the tilling section 50.
The cultivator 10 can be transformed from the field position, as shown in
FIGS. 1-4, to
the transport position, shown in FIG. 5 for transport from field to field. The
tilling
section actuators 51A, 51B can be retracted to pivot the tilling section 50
upwards and
specifically the rear frame 60 around the back end 34 of the main frame 30.
This will lift
the rear frame 60 as well as the first wing frame 70 and the second wing frame
80 that are
attached to the sides of the rear frame 60, up off the ground surface. The
main ground
wheels 90A, 90B are attached to the main frame 30 so the main ground wheels
90A, 90B
will remain in place as the tilling section 50 is pivoted upwards around the
back end 34 of
the main frame 30. As the tilling section 50 is pivoted upwards to
perpendicular relative
to the main frame 30, the weight of the tilling section 50 will move forward
onto the main
ground wheels 90A, 90B attached to the main frame 30.
When the tilling section 50 is pivoted substantially perpendicular relative to
the main
frame 30, the first wing actuator 73 can be used to pivot the first wing frame
70 relative
to the rear frame 60, forwards towards the front end 32 of the main frame 30
and the
second wing actuator 83 can be used to pivot the second wing frame 80 relative
to the
rear frame 60, forwards towards the front end 32 of the main frame 30. The
first wing
frame 70 can be rested on, and connected to, a first wing brace 71 and the
second side
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wing frame 80 can be rested on, and connected to, a second wing brace 81 to
secure the
first and second wing frames 70, 80 in the transport position shown in FIG. 5.
FIG. 6 shows a tool frame 100 that supports the ground engaging tools 150. The
tool
frame 100 could be rear frame 60, first wing frame 70 or second wing frame 80.
The tool
frame 100 can support a first mounting bar 110 and a second mounting bar 120.
The first
mounting bar 110 can be provided in front of the second mounting bar 120 so
that when
ground engaging tools 150 are connected to the first mounting bar 110 and the
second
mounting bar 120, the ground engaging tools 150 connected to the first
mounting bar 110
form the first row of ground engaging tools 150A and the ground engaging tools
150
connected to the second mounting bar 120 form the second row of ground
engaging tools
150B.
FIG. 7 shows a ground engaging tool 150. The ground engaging tool 150 can have
a disc
152; a disc arm 160; and an attachment mechanism 170.
Although FIG. 7 shows the disc 152 as a smooth disc, the disc 152 could also
be a wavy
disc, etc. The disc 152 can be rotatably attached to the disc arm 160 at a
bottom end 162
of the disc arm 160 so that the disc 152 can rotate relative to the disc arm
160. A top end
164 of the disc arm 160 can be attached to the attachment mechanism 170.
The disc 152 can be angled by the disc arm 160 so that the disc 152 is angled
relative to a
travel direction of the ground engaging tool 150 and cuts a parabolic shaped
cutting
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profile in the soil as the ground engaging tool 150 is pulled through the soil
in a field.
The angling of the disc 152 causes the disc 152 to have a front cutting edge
153, a
forward face 154, and a trailing edge 155.
The attachment mechanism 170 provided at the top end 164 of the disc arm 160
attaches
the ground engaging tool 150 to one of the mounting bars 110, 120 shown in
FIG. 6. The
attachment mechanism 170 can have a bottom bracket 172 attached to the top end
164 of
the disc arm 160 and a cap bracket 176 that is connectable to the bottom
bracket 172.
Bolt holes in the bottom bracket can align with bolt holes in the cap bracket
176 so that
bolts 178 can be inserted through the aligned bolt holes to connect the cap
bracket 176 to
the bottom bracket 172. The bottom bracket 172 and cap bracket 176 can form a
diamond shape when the cap bracket 176 is connected to the bottom bracket 172.
Cylindrical torsion elements 180, shown in FIG. 9, can be provided in the
corners of the
diamond shape formed by the cap bracket 176 and the bottom bracket 172. When
the
attachment mechanism 170 is attached to a mounting bar 110 (or mounting bar
120), the
torsion elements 180 will be positioned in between the corners of the diamond
shaped
opening between the cap bracket 176 and the bottom bracket 172 and the outer
surfaces
of the square-shaped mounting bar 110 so that the torsion elements 180 isolate
the
attachment mechanism 170 from the mounting bar 110. This will allow the ground
engaging tool 150 to move a small amount relative to the mounting bar 110,
120, such as
when the disc 152 encounters a rock in its path or a denser patch of soil.
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Referring again to FIG. 6, the attachment mechanism 170 of each ground
engaging tool
150 can be bolted onto one of the mounting bars 110, 120 connected below the
tool frame
100. Each mounting bar 110, 120 can have a square cross-section that is
smaller than the
square-shaped opening formed between the cap bracket 176 and the bottom
bracket 172.
To mount a ground engaging tool 150 on the first mounting bar 110 or the
second
mounting bar 120, the cap bracket 176 of the ground engaging tool 150 can be
disconnected from the bottom bracket 172. The bottom bracket 172, with the
disc arm
160 extending from the bottom bracket 172, can be positioned below the
mounting bar
110, 120. The cylindrical torsion elements 180 can be provided in the corners
of the
diamond shape formed by the cap bracket 176 and the bottom bracket 172. The
cap
bracket 176 can then be connected to the bottom bracket 172, with the bolts
178, so that
the mounting bars 110, 120 passes through the opening formed by the cap
bracket 176
and the bottom bracket 172 and the cylindrical torsion elements 180 are
pressed against
the outer surfaces of the mounting bars 110, 120, as shown in FIG. 9.
Referring again to FIG. 6, the mounting bar 110 can be attached to the tool
frame 100 by
a plurality of mounting brackets 200 and at least one adjustment mounting
bracket 250.
FIG. 10 illustrates one of the mounting brackets 200 for attaching the
mounting bar 110.
The mounting bracket 200 can include a connection arm 210 and a frame
connector 220.
The connection arm 210 can be connected to the mounting bar 110 and have a
connection
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member 212 extending from the mounting bar 110 and a connection flange 214
extending, from a distal end of the connection member 210, perpendicular to
the
connection member 212. An aperture (not shown) can pass through the connection
flange 214.
The frame connector 220 can have connector members 222 connected to the frame
100
and a connector flange 224 extending between the connection members 222. An
elongate
slot 226 can be provided in the connector flange 224.
The connection flange 214 of the connection arm 210 can be positioned adjacent
to the
connector flange 224 of the frame connector 214 so that the aperture in the
connection
flange 214 of the connection arm 210 can be substantially aligned with the
elongate slot
226 in the connector flange 224 of the frame connector 220.
A connector 230, such as a bolt and a nut, can be provided passing through the
elongate
slot 226 in the connector flange 224 of the frame connector 220 and the
connection
flange 214 of the connection arm 210 to allow the connection arm 210 to move
laterally
relative to the frame connector 220 and therefore the mounting bar 110 to move
laterally
relative to the tool frame 100, when the connector 230 is loosened.
In a further aspect, an elongate slot can be provided in the connection flange
214 of the
connection arm 210, instead of the elongate slot 226 in the connector flange
224 and an
aperture can be provided in the connector flange 224, with the connector 230
passing
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through the aperture in the connector flange 224 and the elongate slot in the
connection
flange 214.
FIG. 11 illustrates the adjustment mounting bracket 250. The adjustment
mounting
bracket 250 can include a connection aim 260, a frame connector 270, an
adjustment
member 280 and an adjustment rod 290. The connection arm 260 can be connected
to
the mounting bar 210 and have a connection member 262 extending, at a first
end, from
the mounting bar 210, and a connection flange 264 extending, from a second
end, of the
connection member 262, perpendicular to the first end of the connection member
262.
An aperture (not shown) can be provided in the connection flange 264 and an
aperture
268, sized to accept the adjustment rod 290, can be provided in the connection
member
262.
The frame connector 270 can have connection members 272, connected to the tool
frame
100, and a connector flange 274 extending between the connection members 272.
An
elongate slot 276 can be provided in the connector flange 274.
The adjustment member 280 can extend downwards from the frame connector 270
and/or
the tool frame 100. An aperture 288 can be provided in the adjustment member
280,
sized to accept the adjustment rod 290.
The connection flange 264 of the connection arm 260 can be positioned adjacent
to the
connector flange 274 of the frame connector 270 so that that the aperture in
the
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connection flange 264 of the connection arm 260 can be substantially aligned
with the
elongate slot 276 in the connector flange 274 of the frame connector 270.
A connector 279, such as a bolt and a nut, can be provided passing through the
aperture
in the connection flange 264 of the connection arm 260 and the elongate slot
276 in the
connector flange 274 of the frame connector 270 to allow the connection arm
260 to
move laterally relative to the frame connector 270 and therefore the mounting
bar 110 to
move laterally relative to the tool frame 100, when the connector 279 is
loosened.
The adjustment rod 290 can be provided between the connection arm 260 and the
adjustment member 280 with the adjustment rod 290 passing through the aperture
268 in
the connection member 262 and the aperture 288 in the adjustment member 280.
The
adjustment rod 290 can be threaded so that nuts 291 can be used to on the
threaded
adjustment rod 290.
Optionally, markings 295 can be provided on the connector flange 274 of the
frame
connector 270 and an indicator marking 297 provided on the connection flange
264 of the
connection arm 260 so that a user can visually determine the lateral offset
distance of the
ground engaging tools 150 the ground engaging tools 150 on the first mounting
bar 110
have been moved.
In a further aspect, an elongate slot can be provided in the connection flange
264 of the
connection arm 264, instead of the elongate slot 276 in the connector flange
274, and an
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aperture can be provided in the connector flange 274 with the connector 279
passing
through the aperture in the connector flange 274 and the elongate slot in the
connection
flange 264.
Although the plurality of mounting brackets 200 and the at least one
adjustment
mounting bracket 250 are shown connecting the first mounting bar 110 to the
tool frame
100, mounting brackets 200 and at least one mounting bracket 250 can also be
used to
connect the second mounting bar 120 to the tool frame 100, in addition to or
instead of
being used for the first mounting bar 110. This would allow the second row of
ground
engaging tools 150B to be adjusted laterally relative to the first row of
ground engaging
tools 150A. Both the first row of ground engaging tools 150A and the second
row of
ground engaging tools 150B can be made laterally adjustable with the mounting
brackets
200 and the adjustable mounting bracket 250 or only one of the first row of
ground
engaging tools 150A and the second row of ground engaging tools 150B can be
made
laterally adjustable.
In operation, the mounting brackets 200 and the at least one adjustment
mounting bracket
250 can be used to adjust the lateral offset of the first row of ground
engaging tools 150A
connected to the first mounting bar 110 and therefore the discs 152 of the
ground
engaging tools 150 in the first row of ground engaging tool 150A relative to
the ground
engaging tools 150 in the second row of ground engaging tools 150B connected
to the
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second mounting bar 120 and shift the discs 152 in the first row of ground
engaging tools
150A laterally relative to the travel direction. T, of the cultivator 10.
Referring to FIGS. 12 and 13, angled discs 152 on the ground engaging tools
150 agitate
the soil as the tool frame 100 is pulled through a field. The first mounting
bar 110 will
support the first row of ground engaging tools 150A and the second mounting
bar 120
will support the second row of ground engaging tools 150B. As each disc 152 is
pulled
through the soil, it will form a cutting profile 210 in the soil as shown in
FIG. 14. The
front cutting edge 153 of the disc 152 will pass through the soil and then the
soil will be
pushed out along the forward face 154 of the disc 152 before it is thrown off
the trailing
edge 155 of the disc 152.
Each cutting profiles 210 will have an approximately parabolic shape which
starts at its
greatest width at the surface of the soil and tapers to no cut at the deepest
point of the
cutting profile 210. At the ground surface, the width of the cutting profile
is typically
less than the spacing of the discs 152, leaving soil paths 220 of untouched
soil between
the cutting profiles 210.
FIGS. 12 and 14 illustrate what these cutting profiles 210 and soil paths 220
would look
like if the discs 152 are pulled through the soil at a very slow speed. If the
discs 152 are
pulled through the soil faster, soil that passes along the forward face 154 of
the disc 152
will be flung off the trailing edge 155 of the disc 152. This thrown soil can
hit and
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fracture the soil in the soil paths 220, knocking down the soil paths 220,
breaking up the
untilled soil in these soil paths 220 which can have the effect of a
completely tilled pass.
As the soil conditions change, such as the moisture content, compaction of the
soil in the
field, amount of surface residue, etc., it can change the distance soil is
thrown off the
trailing edges 155 of the discs 152 as the ground engaging tools 150 are
pulled through
the soil and therefore the effectiveness of the discs 152 and their ability to
knock down
the soil paths 220 between the cutting profiles 210. Additionally, over time
and with
repeated use to till soil, the discs 152 can wear down causing the diameter of
the discs
152 to decrease and therefore the discs 152 will create narrower cutting
profiles 210.
These narrower cutting profiles 210 will increase the width of the soil paths
220 between
them.
To address this, the first row of soil engaging tools 150A can be laterally
shifted over (or
the second row of soil engaging tools 150A if the mounting brackets 200 and
adjustable
mounting bracket 250 are provided on the second mounting bar 220) to move the
discs
152 on the soil engaging tools 150 over and therefore move the cutting
profiles 210
created by the discs 152 over. The connectors 230 passing through the elongate
slots 226
on the mounting brackets 200 can be loosened to allow the connection arm 210
of the
mounting brackets 200 to move laterally relative to the frame connector 220 of
the
mounting brackets 200 and the connector 279 passing through the elongate slots
276 on
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the adjustment mounting bracket 250 can be loosened to allow the connection
arm 260 to
move laterally relative to the frame connector 270
The adjustment rod 290 can then be used to set the desired lateral offset. The
nuts 291
can be adjusted on the adjustment rod 290 to set the distance between the
adjustment
member 280 and the connection member 262. This will therefore set the lateral
offset of
the connection arm 260 and the frame connector 270 of the adjustment member
280
which in turn will set the offset of the tool frame 100 and the first mounting
bar 110. The
first row of ground engaging tools 150A that are connected to the first
mounting bar 110
will therefore be offset laterally from their previous position.
When the desired offset is achieved with the adjustment rod 290, the connector
279 on
the adjustment mounting bracket 250 and the connectors 230 on the mounting
brackets
200 can be tightened to secure the lateral offset of the first row of ground
engaging tools
150A and the tool frame 100.
By offsetting the first row of ground engaging tools 150A, the cutting
profiles 210 made
by the discs 152 on the first row of ground engaging tools 150A will be offset
laterally
from where they were previously. This will mean the front cutting edge 153 of
each disc
152 can cut further into the adjacent soil which would have formed part of an
adjacent
soil path 220. The speed of the cultivator 10 can also be increased, causing
the soil
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thrown off of the trailing edge 155 of the disc 152 to be thrown further to
facture the soil
path 220 adjacent to the trailing edge 155 of the disc 152.
The foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the
invention.
Further, since numerous changes and modifications will readily occur to those
skilled in
the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction
and operation
shown and described, and accordingly, all such suitable changes or
modifications in
structure or operation which may be resorted to are intended to fall within
the scope of
the claimed invention.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-06-23
