Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
CA 02487180 2004-11-24
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A SYSTEM OF MOUNTING FACADE PANELS
The invention relates to a system of mounting different coatings enabling
straightening,
prevention of crumbling and heat insulation of building walls, in which system
on the
mounting surface vertical rails and horizontal rails are fitted the and facade
boards into the
horizontal rails.
Previously known is, among other things, from US patent 5,379,561 a system,
where on he
wall plate rails are fixed hardly increasing the wall thickness, then
horizontal rails are fitted
onto them forming a grid. The plate rails have a profile fold both upwards and
downwards in
the rail front edge, whereby bricks, stones or other facing panels with
grooves on both flanks
can be shifted sideways between horizontal rails into place, with the profile
edges being in the
grooves of bricks or corresponding tiles.
The disadvantage of such a system is that the straightening of wall is
difficult, since the
vertical rails are not rigid in the necessary direction with respect to the
straightening.
Straightening must be carried out for instance adding filling under the
vertical rails. Fitting of
elements is also complicated threading and shifting sideways.
By means of the mounting system of facade panels according to the invention,
where wall
straightening, possibility of heat insulation and also prevention of crumbling
of former
coating remaining on the underside or dropping of crumbs are taken notice of,
the problems
presented in the following are solved and the system is characterized in that
the vertical rails
are arranged as straightening rails, whereby they are fitted on the mounting
surface by means
of adjustable brackets at a distance from each other, the fixing holes between
said rail and
adjustable brackets having an adjustable distance for each mounting face and
so forth and the
rails having fitting holes at chosen spacing for fitting the horizontal rail,
and that the
horizontal rails have fitting holes at chosen spacing for fitting into
vertical rails.
The greatest advantage of the invention is the straitening of walls, which can
be done in the
new way of mounting vertical rails. A wanted wall surface is easily achieved
adjusting the
horizontal rails, for instance by means of serrated oblong directly before
tightening. Brackets
to be fixed on the mounting the surface have ready-made oblong holes through
which they are
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fitted into place and fixed on the wall, and a screw fixing hole, by means of
which the
straitening rail is faced to the bracket. Additional insulation of different
thickness can be used,
a proper level of elevation is achieved increasing the height of brackets. By
means of a special
face panel fixed on vertical rails the dropping of bits from the facade
remaining on the
underside is prevented. The horizontal rail is separate or it can be joined to
the face panel, it
has horizontal serrated oblong holes enabling an always proper fixing spot.
Different kinds of
brackets can be fixed on the facade plate backside, on glass and other thin
panels, for instance
by gluing. In natural stones, panels of casting concrete and similar, wooden
panels and brick
panels mounting can be done pressing the bracket into an oblique groove on
panel backside.
By means of the invention the facade panels are easily fitted into proper
plane. On fitting no
measuring as to the bracket positions is needed, since when the lowest row of
adjustable
brackets is fitted directly in horizontal plane, other brackets can be screwed
into place without
measuring. Thanks to the invention the coating stays put on the wall without
mechanical
fastening directly on the wall. The different thermal motions of building
frame works with
respect to the face material require contraction joints. A face panel fitted
by fixing rails rests
by its weight on the fixing rail, for instance through the groove, and
receives thermal motions
without breaking the coating or the framework. By means of the invention it is
possible,
among other things, to prevent demolition of building facades with a coating
of concrete,
when the facades start to crumble. Especially in sky scrapers crumbling is
increasing and
dropping of loose blocks from them are prevented with a fixing panel.
Using this system the walls can be heat insulated without any leaks of thermal
heat worth
mentioning. The disadvantages of known techniques is that the supporting rails
are usually
made of a wood or metal as high as the wall and the space just at their sides
is without heat
insulation, which causes thermal leaks.
The fitting system as per the invention makes it possible that for instance a
face panel with
tiling is not directly in fitting contact with the wall frame work but is
hanging behind the tile
panels from a fixing tongue at each tile attached to the fixing rail. The
fitting system enables
building of a so called differentiated facade, which facade moves freely by
impacts of heat
changes on it. The fixing panel/horizontal panel takes care of facade airing
by means of their
openings.
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Further, the disadvantage of known techniques is that all coatings must be
fitted with separate
individual brackets, which makes the use of multifaceted coatings difficult on
same faces. In
addition, the borings of brackets in them are made in the coatings, which
weakens their
durability and ever greater material thickness is needed with respect to this
mounting system.
In the following the invention is disclosed with reference to the enclosed
drawing, where
Fig. 1 shows, partly cut, a wall covered with facade panels.
Fig. 2 shows an adjustable bracket.
Fig.3 shows a portion of the vertical rail.
Fig. 4 shows a portion of the horizontal rail.
Fig. 5 shows a bracket to be pressed into the groove
Fig. 6 shows a tongue as fastener that can be glued, screwed etc. pressed out
from a sheet.
In figure 1 a lower sheet 6 is at first fitted on the wall and onto it
accurately in horizontal
plane the lower adjustable bracket 11 fixed on the wall through holes 13. Also
the fixing
perforation 16 of horizontal rail 4, which comes as the lowest, determines
exactly the distance
of the adjustable brackets 11 when they are fitted. With the lower brackets 11
in place, the
vertical rail 2, for instance the one closest to the corner, is fitted upright
exactly horizontally
in the direction of the wall plane, for instance using a plumb-line. Under it
adjustable brackets
11 are fitted at fixed distances, since the vertical rail 2 has ready-made
oblong holes 9 among
which the wanted spacing is chosen.
When this rail 2 is upright on brackets 11, the brackets 11 can already be
screwed on the wall
permanently through holes 13. However, the screws through vertical rail 2
holes 9 to the
threaded holes 14 of the brackets are kept loose till the vertical rail in the
corner has been by
means of a plumb-line levelled in other direction, i.e. in the downright plane
with respect to
the to the wall plane. When the flank of holes 9 is serrated, creased or
pitted the vertical rail 2
stays put supported by the screw secured in threaded hole 14 in the oblong
hole 9 even if the
screw is loose on finding proper straightness for it. When the straightness is
found vertical rail
2 is secured by screws in threaded holes 14 in adjustable brackets 11. Then
furnishing the
whole wall with vertical rails 2 and horizontal rails 4 is easily done through
fixing holes 9
and 15 at fixed distances. Only each vertical rail 2 is to be adjusted only
with respect to
straightening, e.g. in a plane downright with respect to the wall plane.
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If no heat insulation 3 and no fixing panel 5 is mounted on the horizontal
rails a facing panel
12 is mounted, on the back of which there are brackets 7 as per figure. Then a
groove 21 is
made for the fold in panel 12. Also as fixing means a bracket 23, as per
figure, glued on the
back of the panel, can be used.
If the heat insulating panels 3 are mounted as in the brick panel portion in
the figure, they are
fitted between vertical rails 2 directly against the wall. If the wall has no
tendency to crumble,
no fixing panel 5 is needed, and then vertical rails 4 are mounted in the
vertical rails with
wanted spacing and the facial panels 25 are mounted on horizontal rails 4.
If the wall shows tendency to crumble, a corrugated fixing panel 5 is mounted
in vertical rails
possibly also using horizontal rails 4. The facing panel presses the wall via
heat insulating
panel 3 and blocks or crumbles that have got loose from the wall cannot drop
down. Facing
panel 5 can be mounted to press the wall directly.
Figure 4 horizontal rail 4 has serrated holes 9 through which horizontal rail
4 is fixed by
screw 18 in threaded hole 1 S of vertical rail 2. There is in the U-profile of
the horizontal rail
holes 17 so that screw 18 is tightened through the openings. The bottom of
horizontal rail 4
profile has also holes, possibly the area of holes is more than half of the
bottom part area so
that airing through these holes would be effective in a vertical air space.
Projecting parts possibly used as ornamentation on the wall can simply be
formed adding on
these parts on the horizontal rail 4 one or more additional horizontal rails
to raise the facade
panel outward in this part. The projected portions are relatively narrow, for
instance a sector
of 30 cm in the corner of the building from below up in both window jambs etc.
