Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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This invention relates to deodorant compositions.
Deodorant compositions frequently contain astringent
- metal salts, particularly aluminiu~ zinc or zirconium salts
as antiperspirant agents which can inhibit the release of
body fluids from sweat glands, and thereby
limit the production of body odour derived from the
bacterial decomposition of these fluids.
One of the major disadvantages of using these - -
astringent metal salts when applied to the skin for this --
purpose is the staining and rotting that can occur on
clothing adjacent to the treated area. These salts can,
~or example, give rise to a white deposit on clothing which
is difficult to remove and which can eventually lead to the
disintegration of the clothing, particularly if made from
cotton fibres. It is also apparent that some users find '
that the contact oi astringent metal salts with the skin
can cause an unpleasant stinging sensation, and furthermore, --
that the chemical interference with the natural processes
of sweat production is undesirable.
Other deodorant compositions for application to the
skiD contain germicides, such as, for e~ample hexachlorophene,
chlorhexidine, tribromosalicylanilide and quaternary ammonium
compounds such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide which can ~ -
be present in addition to or in place of astringent metal
salts. These germicides act to inhibit the proliferation of
bacteria and other micro organisms which give rise to body
odour by decomposition of the skin debris and exudates h'
including sweat. It has also been observed that germicides
usually used in such compositions can stain clothing adjacent
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10378ti k~
to the treated skin area with the formation of brown
staining.
As we have stated, body odour is commonly produced
as a result of bacterial action on skin debris and exudates.
~owever, it will be appreciated that before the odorous
materials so created can be detected by the nose, it is
necessary for them to volatilise into the atmosphere where
they will exert a partial vapour pressure in competition
with that of other volatile materials.
We have now discovered that even when astringent
metal salt antiperspirant agents and germicides are
substantially absent from compositions for application to
the skin for the reasons set out hereinbefore, it i9 possible
to ~uppress objectionable body odours by application to the
skin of a special organic deodorant agent. It would appear
that presence of such an agent on the skin depresses to an
~nexpected extent the vapour pressure of compounds responsible
for body odour thus rendering them less volatile and
apparently odourless.
Accordingly, the invention provides a cosmetically
acceptable deodorant composition substantially iree from
astringent antiperspirant agents and germicides, the
Composition comprising from 0.1 to 20~ by weight of an
organic deodorant agent, a propellant and/or a thickener,
the organic deodorant agent being characterised by the
property, when equi~ibrated with one ninth its weight of
morpholine at 37C, of depressing the partial vapour
pressure of morpholine by more than 65% of that exerted
by morpholine alone.
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103786~
It should be explained that morpholine was selected
as a standard for assessing the vapour pressure depressing
- effect of a series of test materials as potential organic
deodorant agents, since it was shown to correlate well -
with the subjective assessment of the same test materials ~ -
in terms of body odour suppression as judged by a panel of
trained assessors. In fact, the ranking of the test
materials in order of increasing effectiveness in depressing
the partial vapour pressure of morpholine corresponded ~-
exactly with their ability to suppress body odour as
assessed subjectively.
For a substance to be an effective deodorant agent
- according to the invention, it should possess the property, ~
- when equilibrated with one ninth its weight of morpholine - - at 37C, of depressing the partial vapour pressure of
morpholine by more than 65% of that exhibited by morpholine
alone. Preferably, the substance is one which depresses -
the partial vapour pressure of morpholine in this way by
more than 80~o.
Depression of the partial vapour pressure of
morpholine can, for example, be determined by headspace
analysis using gas liquid chromotography. According to one
6uch method, a standard quantity of morpholine is placed
in a sealed container and equilibrated at 37C for 20 minutes.
A temperature of 37C is chosen, since this approximates to
normal skin temperature. Equal replicate volumes of the
.
atmosphere within the container are taken and subjected to
gas liquid chromotography and the quantity of morpholine
present is assessed in terms of the area under the morpholine
peak as can be recorded automatically. This quantity is
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1037~i8
directly proportional to the vapour pressure exerted
by morpholine within the sealed container.
This determination is then repeated using a mixture
of one part by weight of morpholine and nine parts by
S weight of the substance which is to be tested as a possible
organic deodorant agent. Again, the quantity of morpholine
present in the atmosphere within the container is measured
by gas liquid chromotography, thereby providing a measure
of its partial vapour pressure.
Test substances which depress the partial vapour
pressure of morpholine in this way by only up to 65~o of
its original value are considered to be unsuitable in that
their effectiveness as deodorant agents is likely to be
minimal. However, test substances which depress the
partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 65%
of its original value are prima facie suitable for use
as deodorant agents in compositions according to the
invention.
It will be appreciated that some organic substances
which satisfy the morpholine test may otherwise not be
suitable for application to the skin in deodorant
compositions. For example, they may be irritant or otherwise
unsafe for topical use or they may themselves possess an
objectionable odour. For this reason, compositions containing
organic deodorant agents according to the invention are
limited to those which are "cosmetically acceptable", in that
they are safe to use and not otherwise objectionable.
A preferred group of organic deodorant agents having
the necessary odour suppressing properties according to the
invention are aliphatic substances having a straight chain
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la~7s~
of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having at least 2 hydroxy
groups attached to that chain.
Examples of these aliphatic hydroxy compounds are:
Ethane diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol
and triethylene glycol; -
Propane diols such as 1,2-propane diol and 1,3-propane ~ -
diol;
Butane diols such as 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol and
2,3-butane diol; -
Pentane diols such as l,S-pentane diol and 2-methyl-2,4-
pentane diol (hexylene glycol);
Hexane diols such as 1,6-hexane diol, 2,5-hexane diol and
2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol;
Heptane diols such as 1,7-heptane diol; --
lS Decane diols such as l,10-decane diol.
Other substances having the appropriate odour
suppressing properties as indicated by their vapour pressure
lowering ef~ect using the morpholine test are as follows: :.
Urea - .
~O Propionamide .
Cyclohexanone .
: Di-octyl phthalate
n-dodecane
Glycerol tripalmitate
2-ethoxy ethyl acetate . - :
Di-butyl phthalate
Di-ethyl phthalate
Glycerol :
Polyvinyl alcohol
This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of
suitable organic deodorant agents, but merely represents a
selection of those which are preferred.
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10;~78~8
The amount of organic deodorant agent hich is
present in the composition is from 0.1 to 20,G by weight.
Pre:Lerably, the organic deodorant agent comprises from
0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
S Use of a composition containing, on the one hand,
less than 0.1% by weight of an organic deodorant agent
is likely to prove ineffective
in suppressing objectionable odours; compositions containing,
on the other hand, more than 200h by weight of such an
organic deodorant agent are likely to leave the treated skin
in an objectionably wet, sticky or oily condition.
It is also necessary to include in the deodorant
composition a propellant or a thickener, or both a propellant
and a thickener, depending on the intended use of the
composition.
For example, when the composition is to be dispen~ed
from a pressurised pack device such as an aerosol can, a
propellant is included in the composition.
The propellant can be either a liquefiable gas
or a permanent gas or a mixture oi liquefiable gas and
permanent gas.
Examples o~ suitable liquefiable gas propellants
are halocarbons such as propellant 12 or blends such as
11/12, 11/12/114, 11/12/22, 12/114, 12/22/114, hydrocarbon
propellants such as butane, isobutane, propane, pentane
or isopentane or certain mixtures thereof. -
Examples oi~ suitable permanent gases are carbon-
dioxide, nitrogen and nitrous oxide.
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1037868
The amount of propellant present in the composit]on
will depend on the nature of that composition and also on
the type of pressurised pack device which i9 used to contain
that composition. Generally, it can be stated that the
S propellant will form from 0.1 to 99. 9/0 by weight of the
composition.
When the composition is intended to be dispensed
as a viscous lotion, for example from a roll-ball applicator,
a thickener is employed to impart to the composition the - -
appropriate flow properties suited to this type of applicator. ~ -
Examples to thickeners are natural gums such as
tragacanth, gum acacia, locust bean gum, or synthetic gums
such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,
methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and Carbopol, a
carboxy vinyl polymer. Some inorganic substances, such as ~
pyrogenic silica, precipitated silicas or clays, such as ;; ;
Bentonite can be used to thicken the compositions. Also, - -~
alginates or polyvinyl pyrollidone can be used for this
purpose.
It is also possible to provide the compositions in
the form of a solid stick by incorporation of sodium stearate
.
; ~ or other soaps as thickeners well known in the art of
deodorant stick manufactllre, to impart to the composition
fiufficient solidity appropriate to this type of product.
The proportion by weight of thickener when
incorporated in co~positions according tD the invention is -
that which is appropriate to the product type as is well
known in the cosmetics art. In general, it may be stated v
that thickeners can be incorporated, when appropriate,
in an amount of from 0.01 to 30~ by weight, depending on
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~0378~8
the properties of the chosen thickener and the nature of
- the composition.
It is to be understood that the aforementioned
propellants and thickeners are not intended to represent
an exhaustive list, but merely to serve as examples of
some which are suitable for use in deodorant compositions
according to the invention.
It is also usual to include in the compositions a
liquid vehicle or diluent which may function as a solvent
or diluent for the organic deodorant agent. In the case
of a composition which is to be dispensed from a pressuriæea
pack container such as an aerosol can, thi6 liquid vehicle
or diluent can be lique~ied gas propellant or a mixture of
propellant and other solvent or diluent.
Examples of solvents or diluents commonly employed -
are water and ethanol. The quantity of solvent or diluent
employed will usually form the balance of the composition,
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- this being from 0.1 to 99.9% by weight.
It is also possible to include other ingredients
iD the deodorant compositions such as emulsifiers, perfume,
talc, silicas and colourants. According to a preferred
embodiment of the invention, the deodorant composition
additionally comprises a water-absorbent non-astringent
antiperspirant agent of the type disclosed in our British
patent specification No 1,485,373, published on ~eptember 8,
1977 and British paltent specification No 1,501,862,
published on February 22, 1978. `~
The invention is illustrated by the following
Examples.
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Example 1 ;'
i~ This Example illustrates a deodorant composition
for use in a pressurised pack device.
An aerosol product was prepared by mixing together
the following ingredients.
% by weight
Hexylene glycol 1.0 "
Pyrogenic silica (AEROSIL 200) 0.1
Propellant 11/12 (65:35)98.9
- 10 The solution so obtained was filled into
conventional aerosol cans and distributed to 99 panellists
who were asked to assess it as a deodorant.
Subsequently, the same panellists were asked to
; assess in a similar manner a commercially available ~ -
deodorant containing 3.5% by weight aluminium chlorhydrate
as an antibacterial agent, together with 2~ hexylene glycol.
Statistical analysis of the results showed that
there was no significant difference between the two products
with respect to their ability to control body odour. Hence,
it was apparent that it was unnecessary to employ aluminium
chlorhydrate in the formulation according to the invention.
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Example 2
This Example illustrates the preparation of an
, aerosol product.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
oh by weight
Ethanol 50
Dibutyl phthalate 3 ;~
I Perfume qv
Propellant 11/12 (65:35)to 100 '
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1037t~8
The dcodorant composition was then filled into
aerosol containers in the usual manner and the product so
obtained could be used as a deodorant having excellent
body odour suppressing properties.
Example 3
This Example illustrates the formulation of a
deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
~ by wei~ht
Calcium sodium alginate 25.0
~ydroxypropyl cellulose 0.6
Pyrogenic silica 3.0
2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol 5.0
Perfume qv
Industrial methylated spiritto 100
The thickened liquid product so produced could be
dispensed from a roll-ball applicator to give, when dry,
a smooth film to the skin which had good perspiration
absorbing properties and which functioned well as a body
odour suppressor.
Example 9
This Example illustrates the preparation of a
deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
~ by weight
Alcohol 1 70.0
Dipropylene glycol 20.0
Hydroxypropyl cellulose 0.7
Perfume qv
Colour qv
Water to 100
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1037~ti8
The thickened liquid product so produced provided
an excellent body odour suppressing product for use in a
roll-ball applicator.
- Example 5
This Example illustrates the preparation of an
aerosol product.
The following ingredients were mixed together: -~
% by weight --
Ethylene glycol 2.0 ~
PolyoxYethylene sorbitan mono-oleate ~ -
(Tween* 81) 0~5
Propellant 11/12 (65:35) to 100
- This aerosol product when filled into an aerosol ~
dispensing device in the usual manner provided a homogenous ~ -
13 - phase body odour suppressor when sprayed onto the skin.
, The Tween 81 functioned as an emulsifier to ensure that the -
'~ ethylene glycol is readily dispersed throughout the
propellant by shaking the aerosol container before actuation.
Example 6
Z0 This Example illustrates the preparation of a
deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
' The foliowing ingredients were mixed together:
/0 by wei~ht
Sodium alginate 5
Z5 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol 5
Water 9
The thicke~ed liquid product so produced provided
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an excellent body odour suppressing product for use in a
roll-ball applicator.
denotes trade mark
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