Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
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This invention relates to rotary machinery and,
in particular, to apparatus for use in a rotary machine having
an inner and outer casing which maintains the inner casing
centered in respect to the machine shaft as the casings grow
under differential thermal and/or pressure loading.
It has been found advantageous in rotary machines,
such as turbines and compressors experiencing high internal
pressures and temperatures, to provide the machine with both
an inner casing and an outer casing. In assembly, the sta-
tionary components of the machine are generally suspendedfrom the inner casing and the casing axially aligned with the
rotor structure supporting the movable machine components. A
heavier outer casing, in turn, is placed over the inner casing
so that an annular space is provided therebetween. Under op-
erating conditions, the space between the two casings ispressurized. In the case of a compressor, the space between
the casings is normally pressurized to the machine discharge
pressure by simply bleeding discharge fluids into this area.
The casings are arranged so that the inner casing is firmly
fitted within the outer casing.
When operating at high pressures and high transient
temperatures, the outer casing of the machine grows at a
different rate than the inner casing whereby the outer
casing normally tends to move away from the inner casing.
Because the rotor shaft generally extends axially through
the machine, the two casings cannot be mutually supported
about their commonly shared axis to maintain coaxial align-
ment during periods of growth. As can be seen, this uncon-
trolled growth of the two casings can lead to misalignment
of the machine components and ultimately to machine failure.
It is therefore an object of the present invention
to improve rotary machines utilizing an inner and outer casing
construction.
A further object of the present invention is to
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maintain the components of a rotary machine having both an
inner and outer casing in alignment as the casings grow under
high internal pressures and temperatures.
A still further object of the present invention is
to provide means for centering the inner casing of a rotary
machine in alignment with the machine shaft while simultaneously
allowing the outer casing to grow away from the inner casing.
These and other objects of the present invention are
attained in a rotary machine having an outer casing encompassing
an inner casing to provide an annular space therebetween
including an annular member interposed between the two casings
which acts as a beam mounted upon an elastic foundation, the
annular member being fitted within the outer casing by
preshrinking the member in compression so that it seats against
the inner wall of the outer member in a preloaded condition,
the member further having an annular reaction pad arranged to
act against the outer wall of the inner casing as the outer
casing grows away from the inner casing whereby the inner casing
is held in concentric alignment with the machine shaft during
periods of growth.
In accordance with one broad aspect, the invention
relates to a rotary machine having an inner casing coaxially
aligned within an outer casing to provide an annular space
therebetween, the space being pressurized under operating
conditions whereby the ad~acent walls of the two casings are
moved apart due to thermal growth and pressure expansion, the
improvement comprising a centering ring positioned within the
annular space for supporting the two casings in coaxial
alignment about a common axis as the casings move apart, the
ring including an annular axial extending resilient beam
coaxially aligned with the casings, two end members supporting
the beam in a deflacted condition therebetween whereby the end
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members are securely seated in holding contact against one of
the adjacent casing walls, the beam being arranged to react
uniformly when unloaded in a direction towards the other
adjacent casing wall, and an annular reaction pad centrally
located along the axial length of the beam on a side opposite
to that upon which the beam is seated upon the end members
and being arranged to move into holding contact against said
other adjacent wall casing to deliver a uniform holding force
thereupon to hold the two casings in a centered alignment as
they move away from each other during periods of thermal growth
and pressure expansion.
For a better understanding of the invention, as well
as other objects and further features thereof, reference is had
to the following detailed description of the invention to be read
in connection with the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view in partial section
showing the apparatus of the present invention; and
Fig. 2 is a sectional side elevation of the apparatus
shown in Fig. 1, further illustrating the construction of the
annular member interposed between the inner and outer casinqs
of the machine.
As illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, an annular member,
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generally referenced 11, is interposed between the inner
casing 12 and the outer casing 13 of a rotary machine which,
for explanatory purposes, will be referred to as a compressor
10. It should be understood, however, that the apparatus of
the present invention can be utilized in any type of rotary
device employing an inner casing mounted within an outer
casing. Conventionally, in the two casing arrangement, the
stationary machine components, such as diaphragms or the
like, are suspended from the inner casing and are arranged
to cooperate with the moving machine components which are
supported on the rotor shaft. For the sake of clarity, these
components are not shown on the present drawings. The ma-
chine shaft extends axially through the two casings and can
rotatably be supported in the end wall of the machine or on
pedestals located exterior to the machine. As can be seen,
because the rotor shaft extends axially through the machine,
the two superimposed casings cannot be centrally located
along their common axis to hold them in alignment during
periods of differential movement between the casings induced
by transient thermal growth and/or pressure expansion. As
will be explained below, the apparatus of the present inven-
tion has the ability to hold the inner casing in alignment
with the machine shaft while, at the same time, permitting
the outer casing to grow under high pressures and temperatures.
As seen in the drawings, the member 11 comprises
a deformable annular beam 17 which is supported at each end
upon annular mounting pads 19, 20. Centrally located upon
the beam is a rea~tion ring 21. In assembly, the beam is
mounted in axial alignment within the internal opening formed
within the outer casing upon the two mounting pads. One pad,
pad 20, is seated against a locating rib 26 carried by the
outer casing which serves to locate the annular member 11 in
assembly. The reaction ring 21 is arranged to extend in-
~ 0a~ 9wardly in a radial direction toward the outer surface of the
inner casing.
The annular member, because of its geometry, is
adapted to function as a beam mounted upon an elastic foun-
dation. In a normal or nondeformed condition, the annularmember assumes a geometry similar to that described by the
dotted line profile 25, seen in Fig. 2. The beam, when
compressed, sets up a hyperbolic wave reaction whereby it
attempts to return to a normal condition in a prescribed
manner. The outside diameter of the nondeformed member, as
defined by the outer periphery of the two mounting pads, is
greater than the internal opening provided in the outer
casing. In assembly, the annular member is compressed ra-
dially inward at pads 19 and 20 which causes pad 21 to ex-
pand outward radially some amount in opposition to thedirection of applied force thus producing a deformation in
the annular beam. The compressed annular member is then
inserted within the outer casing and positioned against the
locating rib. The force of compression is released, whereby
the member tends to return to its normal unloaded condition.
However, because the outer diameter of member 11 is greater
than the internal wall diameter of the outer casing, the mem-
ber is prevented from being unloaded. As a result, the sup-
port pads seat against the internal wall of the casing,
holding the beam in a flexed or preloaded condition. This
is best seen in Fig. 2. By design, the internal diameter
of the centrally located reaction ring 21, when supported
in the flexed or preloaded condition, is slightly greater
than the outside diameter of the inner casing. As a result,
the inner casing can be easily inserted therein and located
in assembly in reference to the machine shaft.
As noted above, when the rotary machine is placed
under high operating pressures and temperatures, the outer
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casing tends to grow away from the inner casing. As can be
seen, as the space between the two bodies increases, the
preloaded annular member, acting as a beam on an elastic
foundation, begins to unflex in a predictable manner which
brings the reaction ring into holding contact against the
outer casing. A substantially uniform holding force is
thus exerted about the inner casing which maintains the
casing in concentric alignment with the rotor shaft. Under
working stresses, as for example those governed by ASME
Regulations, the beam is not permitted to return to its
normal unstressed condition when maximum allowable stress
is reached. As a consequence, a centering holding force
is continually exerted by the member upon the inner casing
over the entire operating range of the machine.
While this invention has been described with reference
to the structure herein disclosed, it is not confined
to the details as set forth, and this application is intended
to cover any modifications or changes as may come within the
scope of the following claims.
