Note : Les descriptions sont présentées dans la langue officielle dans laquelle elles ont été soumises.
~5;~3 : `
B~CKGROIn~D
~ his invention relates to a process for treating
aluminum batchwise or continuously to form an unsealed, porous
anodic oxide layer thereon with discrete metal i~lands electro~
lytically deposited in the pores of the oxide layer and extending
above the surface thereof in a bulbous, undercut configuration. ,-
This invention also relates to an article having an aluminum
substrate, an unsealed, porous anodic oxide layer and randomly `
distribllted discrete metal islands anchored in the pores of the
oxide layer.
The art of surface treating and finishing of
aluminum and its alloys is a complex and well developed art ;
as evidenced by the texts of S. Wernick entitled Surface
Treatment and Finishin~ o* Aluminium and Its Alloys, ~;
Robert Draper Ltd., Teddington, England (1956) and G~H. Kissin
Finishing of Aluminum, Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New
York. It is acknowledged that electroplating on aluminum
requires extraordinary treatmentsto gain the necessary
adhesion. The most familiar techniques for plating on aluminum
are the zincating and anodizing processes. In the latter
case which involves the plating over an anodic oxide layer
formed on an aluminum substrate, the art has directed its
efforts towards producing continuous electroplated coatings.
It has now been discovered that a discontinuous
electroplated metal surface can be applied to anodized aluminum
in an efficient and economical manner. This discontinuous
electroplated surface provides articles useful per se, for ;
example as composite catalyst bod~es, and because the discontinuous
electroplated surfaces tenaciously adheres and interlocks, with
the anodic oxide layer on the aluminum, it is now possible to
directly apply coatings and laminates to the aluminum article
thereby forming a tenacious, mechanically lnterlocked bond to the
; coating.
' .,
1{)S;~73
SUMMARY
Articles according to the present invention,
have an aluminum substrate, an unsealed porous anodic oxide ~ -
layer on the substrate and electrolytically deposited, ~-
randomly distribùted discrete metal islands having a root
portion anchored in one or more pores of the oxida layer,
said islands extending from the root po~tion abo~e the ;
surface of the oxide layer in a bulbous, undercut configuration.
~he process of the invention for treating aluminum,
batchwise or continuously, includes the steps of: electrolytically
anodizing aluminum surfaced articles on web to form an unsealed,
porous anodic oxide layer thereon and thereafter electrolytically .:
depositing randomly distributed discrete metal islands having ~
a root portion anchored in one or more pores of the oxide layer,
said islands extending from the root portion above the surface
of the oxide layer in a bulbous, undercut configuration.
In a preferred embodiment aluminum or aluminum
surfaced webs are continuously electrolytically anodized and
.~ plated by continuously passing the web through an anodizing .`
cell having therein a cathode connected to a source of direct
current, continuously passing the web from the anodizing cell :
into a cathodic contact cell having therein a platable metal :
anode connected to the source of direct current, introducing
anodizing direct current into the web in the contact cell,
the web having an anodized oxide coating formed thereon in ~ .:
the anodizing cell before enter1ng the contact cell, and
depositing the platable metal on or in the oxide coating in
the contact cell. Apparatus for carrying out this preferred
process includes anodizing cell means containing a cathode
connected to a source of direct current, cathodic contact
cell means containing an anode connected to the same source .
of direct current, and means for continuously passing an . . ~:;
10~ 3 ; - ~ ~
aluminum web, first throu~h the anodizing cell means and then
through the contact cell means, the anodizing direct current
entering the web in the contact cell means with an anodized
oxide coating formed thereon, the anode of the contact cell .
means being of a platable metal and the contact cell means
being adapted to deposit the platable metal on or in said
oxide coating.
In accordance with one aspect of the present
invention there is provided a process for continuously ; .
10 electrolytically anodiæing and plating aluminum, which . :~
comprises introducing anodizing direct current into said aluminum ; -
in a cathodic contact cell containing a platable metal, said
:~ aluminum having an anodized porous oxide coatiny formed thereon ::
before entering said cell, and depositing said platable metal in
the pores of said oxide coating in the contact cell.
' In a further aspect of the present invention there is
1 provided a process for continuously electrolytically anodizing
and pIating aluminum web which comprises continuously passing .
~! said web through an anodizing cell having therein a porous .
ao anodic oxide producing electrolyte and a cathode connected to .-
,
a source of direct current, continuously passing said web from
said anodizing cell into a cathodic contact cell having therein
a platable metal anode connected to said source of direct :~
current,introducing anodizing direct current into said web in ;~
- said contact cell, said web having an anodized porous oxide
coating formed thereon in said anodizing cell before entering
said contact cell, and depositing said platable metal in the
pores of the oxide coating in the contact cell.
In a still further aspect of the present invention :::
1 30 there is provided an apparatus for continuously electrolytically
anodizing and plating aluminum web which comprises anodizing cell
means containing a porous anodic oxide producing electrolyte and
~)S3~'~3
a cathode connected to a source of direct current, cathode contact
cell means containing an anode connected to said source of direct
current, and means for continuously passing said aluminum web -
first through said anodizing cell means and then through said
contact cell means, the anodizing direct current entering said ~.
web in said contact cell means with an anodized porous oxide
coating formed thereon, the anode of the contact cell means
being of a platable metal and said contact cell means being ~
adapted to deposit said platable metal in the pores o said :
oxide coating~
:. :
., .
`'~''` .
'" :''' ':
.~ :: . :
- 4a - ~ :
~.;,~ ,
,~, ,
.
la~3~73
The invention relates to a process for continuously
electrolytically anodizing and plating aluminum, which comprises
introducing anodizing direct current into said aluminum in a
cathodic contact cell containing a platable metal, said aluminum
having an anodized porous oxide coating formed thereon before :
entering said cell, and depositing said platable metal in the -
pores of said oxide coating in the contact cell.
More spec.ifically, the invention relates to such a
; process for continuously electrolytically anodizing and plating
aluminum web which comprises continuously passing ~aid web
through an anodizing cell having therein a porous anodic oxide
:: .
producing electrolyte and a cathode connected to a source of
; direct current, continuously passing said web from said anodiz~
ing cell into a cathodic contact cell having therein a platable
metal anode connected to said source of direct current, intro- `
ducing anodizing direct current into said web in said contact
cell, said web having an anodized porous oxide coating formed ;
thereon in said anodizing cell beore entering said contact `
cell, and depositing said platable metal in the pores of the ;~
oxide coating in the contact cell.
In accordance with the invention, an apparatus for
continuously electrolytically anodizing and plating aluminum web
compriseso anodizing cell means containing a porous anodic oxide
producing electrolyte and a cathode connected to a source oE
direct current, cathode contact cell means containing an anode
connected to said source of direct current, and means for con-
tinuously passing said aluminum web first through said anodizing
cell means and then through said contact cell means, the anodiz-
ing direct current entering said web in said contact cell means
with an anodized porous oxide coating formed thereon, the anode
of the contact cell means being of a platable metal and said con~
:
tact cell means boing adapted to deposit said platable metal in ~ ~
:; :
:
::
:1~3531'73 ;/
the pores o~ said oxide coatin~.
The invention also relates to a process for continu-
ously treating aluminum which comprises (a) continuousLy electro-
lytically anodizing aluminum web in an anodizing cell having
therein a porous anodic oxide producing electrolyte and a cathode
connected to a source of current and a contact roll connected
to the same source of current which precedes said anodizing cell
and contacts said web before it enters said anodi.zing cell; and
(b) thereafter electrolytically depositing a platable metal
into the pores of the anodized aluminum web from step (a) in
a plating cell having therein a platable metal anode connected to
a second source of current a contact roll connected to the same
second source of current and ~ollowing said plating cell so as
to contact the plated aluminum web after it leaves the plating
cell.
In accordance with the invention, an appara-tus for
; continuously treating aluminum comprises: (a) anodizing cell
means for continuously electrolytically anodizing aluminum web
having therein a porous anodic oxide forming electrolyte and a ;~
cathode connected to a source of current and a contact roll pre-
ceding said anodizing cell connected to the same source of
current' and (b) plating cell means for continuously electro-
lytically depositing a platable metal into the pores of the -
anodized aluminum web having therein a platable metal anode con-
nected to a second source of current and a contact roll follow-
ing said plating cell means and connected to the second source of
current.
In one further embodiment, the invention relates to a
process for continuously treating alumi.num which comprises ~a)
- 30 continuously electrolytically anodizing aluminum web in an
anodizing cell having therein a porous anodic oxide producing
electrolyte and electrodes connected to a source of alternating
- 6 ~
~ . . ,~ .
3 ~;
current~ and (b) thereafter electrolytically depositing a `~
platabl~ metal into the pores of the anodized aluminum web from
step (a) in a plating cell having therein a platable metal anode
connected to a second source of current, a contact roll connect-
: : ,
ed to the same second source of current and following said
plating cell so as to contact the plated alumin~ web after ;~
it leaves the plating cell.
; ~ ~GS
The present invention will be more fully understood
from the following description taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings wherein:
Figs. 1-6 are photomicrographs showing chromium electro-
lytically deposited in the pores of an unsealed anodized aluminum `
surface in the form of metal islands having a bulbous, undercut
configuration, `
Figs. 7-12 are photomicrographs showing copper electro- ;~
lytically deposited in the pores of an unsealed anodized aluminum
surface in the form of metal islands having a bulbous, undercut
configuration,
20~ ~ Fig. 13 is an enlarged cross-sectional view depicting
a metal island anchored in a pore of the anodic oxide layer and
extending above the surface thexeof in a~?bulbous, undercut con- ~ ;
figuration; and
Figs. 14a-e are diagrammatic representations showing
several ways in which aluminum web can be continuously anodized ;~
and plated according to the present invention.
DESCRIPTION
Referring now to the drawing and in particular to
Fig. 13, the aluminum article of the invention is shown to in-
clude an aluminum substrate 18 with an unsealed, porous anodicoxide layer 16 thereon. Electrolytically deposited metal islands
have a root portion 12 anchored in one or more pores 14 of the
oxide layer 16~ The islands extend
_ 7 _
from the root portion 12 a~ove the sur~ace of the oxide
layer 16 in a bulbous, undercut configuration 10. This
bulbous, undercut configuration is demonstrated by Figs. 1-12 .
which are photomlcrographs obtained using an electron
microscope at magnifications of 300, l,000 and 39000.
Chromium was electrolytically deposited in these examples
over a period of time of 30 seconds (Figs~ 1-3) and 150
seconds (Figs. 4-6). Copper was electrolytically deposited
; , .
over a period of time of 30 seconds (Figs. 7-9) and 60 seconds , .
(Figs. 10-15). In each instance the chromium and the copper
is deposited in a randomly distributed fashion in the
.. fo.rm of discrete metal islands each of which is anchored ~ .
in one or more pores of the anodic oxide layer and extends
above the surfac~ thereof in a bulbous, undercut configuration.
. A unique feature of the present invention is
the electrolytic deposition of metal islands which are discrete
one from the other and each of which has a bulbous, undercut
configuration. The present invention takes advantage of this
. .
. phenomenon by recognizing that the discrete metal islands ~ .:
are firmly anchored in the pores of the anodic oxide layer
and the portion extending above the surface thereof generally `.
has a diameter larger than the anchoring root portion in the :~
pores of the oxide layer.
Virtually any platable metal can be applied to
an anodized aluminum article to form a discontinuous electro~
plated surface according to the present invention~ Examples
of suitable metals include copper, tin, zinc, silver, nickel, `
' ~ `
8 ~
~' .
.
`
i3~3
gold, rhodium, chromium, alloys and mixtures of the foregoing
and the like. ~-
The aluminum article of the invention having an ~-
anodized surface and a discontinuous electroplated surface
can be made using conventional anodizing and plating
techniques but is preferably made using the continuous process
of the invention. A key factor in the plating operation is
the plating time which should be selected depending on the
use of the aluminum article (iOe., the desired density of
discrete metal articles). However, the plating time should
not be so long as to cause bridging or contact between
adjacent metal islands.
The aluminum article of the invention is pre-
ferably anodized and plated in a continuous fashion by
introducing anodizing direct current into the aluminum in
a cathodic contact cel~containing a platable metal, the
aluminum having an anodized oxide coating formed thereon ;
before entering the cell by the action of the direct
current introduced in the contact cell itselfO While
in the contact cell the platable metal is deposited in
tne pores of the preformed oxide coating in the form of
metal islands as described hereinO
' ";
~'
~ '
_ 9 _
~`'' ,`
~053~l73
Stated in differ~nt terms, alumimlm web is
continuously electrolytically anodized and plated by
continuously passing the web through an anodizing cell having
therein a cathode connected to a source of direct current 9
continuously passing the web from the anodizing cell into
a cathodic contact cell having therein a platable metal
anode connected to the sarne source of direct current.
Anodizing direct current is introduced into the web in the
~,
contact cell and the web has an anodiæed oxide coating formed ;
thereon in the anodizing cell before entering the contact cell.
While in the contact cell the platable metal is depcsited in
the pores of the oxide coating in the form of discrete metal
islands as described herein.
The aluminum web entering a cathodic
contact cell already has an anodized oxide coatlng formed
thereon before entering the cell. This makes it possible to
use a platable metal for the anode of the contact cell such
..
as a copper, nickel 9 zinc or the like anode. In this manner~ ;~
direct current introduced into the aluminum web in the
.~. .
~ 20 contact cell for forming an anodized oxide coating thereon
~; .
before the web enters the cell, can also be used to deposit
platable metals from the anode in the pores of the anodized
oxide coating formed on the aluminum web before it enters
the contact cell. In effect, direct current from one source
~ .
is utilized for carrying out two operations, namely forming ~;
.
an oxide coating on the aluminum web before it enters the
contact cell and depositing p~atable metals on the preformed
~ , "' ' ~ -;
~ ;
` ~ '` .'
~ lo F :`
:: ~o ;:
-~ oxide coating while the aluminum web passes through the ;
contact cell. Because the process in the contact c011
, deposits a discontinuous plated surface in the form of metal
islands as described herein, it becomes possible to use
conventional continuous electroplating techniques to enlarge ~
the size and/or density of the discrete metal articles ;
,, .
forming the discontinuous electroplated surface.
Fig~ 14 of the drawing shows several embodiments
~ of the process of the inve~tion for continuously anodiæing ~;~
`,` 10 and plating aluminum web. In FigD 14a~ an anodizing cell
-~ is followed by a contact cell and each is provided with
suitable rollers to guide an alumlnum web therethrough ~`
in the direction indicated by the arrows. ;~
~` Each cell includes a tank which contains an
-`~ electrolyte~ The anodizing cell has a cathode connected to a ~
' source of direct current as shownO The contact cell has an anode ~-
, , - , .
-: . ::
i which is connected to the same source of direct current. The -
.;:
aluminum web continually passes through the anodizing cell and ;l
then the contact cell as illustrated. Anodizing direct current `
is introduced into the web in the contact cell. The web thus
~'; has an anodized oxide coating formed thereon in the anodizing
cell before entering the contact cell through the action of
the direct current introduced into the web in the contàct
:.,:
` cell. ~his same current also causes platable metal from the
anode in the contact cell to be deposited in the pores of the -
preformed oxide coating in the form of discontinuous discrete
... . .
1 metal islands having a bulbpus undercut configuration as
;~; described herein
,:. . .: .~,
:.,. .; . .
.::
-- 11 -- . -
... . .
~.'', ' ~''
- ~ . .
)S~3
As is well known in the art, an alurninum web
can be cleaned, de-greased or otherwise pretreated (chemically
and/or mechanically) using conventional techniques before
- it is anodized and after being plated it can be sealed~
dyed or otherwise post-treated using conven-tional aluminum
surface finishing techniques. The web is generally passed
through a continuous treatiny operation according to the
invention utilizing conventional winding and feeding equipmentD
In Fig. 14b an aluminum web is anodized by
introducing anodizing direct current into -the aluminum in
the cathodic contact cell which causes the formation of an
anodized oxide coating on the web before it enters the
contact cell~ The anodized web then passes through the
plating bath and the plating current is introduced into the
web via a contact roll positioned to contact the web after
it leaves the plating cell~ In this particular embodiment
the process is preferably started up by first threading bare
aluminum web through the three treatment cells and is placed
in contact with the contact roll at the exit of the plating
:.
cell. The plating current is first switched on which results
:
in some plating on the bare aluminum web~ Once the anodiæing
operation is initiated, the web entering the plating bath is
anodized and is plated therein with a discontinuous surface
in the form of the discrete metal islands as described herein. ~ ~
This start up procedure is required when plating contact is -
made via a contact roll and plating is done in a separate ;~
~, ~
~: .
, ~ ~
- 12 _
... ... .
~o~i3~
,.
plating cell9 e.g. in th~ process of Figs. 14c and e (described
below). It is preferred for the process of Figs. 14~ and d.
In Fig. 14c, the aluminum web is anodized in an
anodizing cell and the web is in contact with an electrically
conductive roll prior to entering the anodizing cell. The
- anodized web then pass~s into a plating cell where the web ~
is in contact with an electrically conductive roll after~ ~ -
leaving the plating cell. The contact roll preceding the
anodizing cell introduces the anodizing current and the contact
roll following the plating cell introduces the plating current to
the web.
Fig. 14d is similar to Fig. 14b wherein the contact
cell and the plating cell are combined into the same cell.
In Fig. 14e the aluminum web is anodized by `
. ~ . . .
passing first through a contact cell and then through an ;-~
anodizing cell. The anodized web is then passed through
. .
a plating cell and plating current is introduced to the web
via an electrically conductive contact roll in contact with
the web after it leaves the platlng cell. The process
illustrated by Fig. 14e is initiated with bare aluminum in
the same manner as described for the embodiment shown in
Fig. 14b. ~`
The present invention makes it possible to prepare ~ ; ~
coated articles by applying a coating to the oxide layer ~ ~;
which adhere~ thereto and surrounds the undercut metal islands r~
,''~: . ' ,. . :.
extending above the surface of the oxide layer. In a
preferred embodiment lithographic printing plates are prepared ~; ,
. ;;.`
:';
1l~5;~73
by applying a phot~sentitive layer to the oxide layer which
surrounds the undercut metal islands.
Suitable photosensitive ox radiation sensitive
material that can be used in preparing lithographic printing
plates according to the invention include dichromated colloids,
photopolymers, such a~ diazo resins and the like. These and
other photochemical materials are described in detail in a
test o~fered by Kosar entitled Li~ht-sensitive SYstems,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1965).
Suitable coating material for forming a coated
article according to the invention include organic and
inorganic materials. Suitable organi~ materials include
polymers and rubbers such as polyethylene, polypropylene,
Teflon , Latex and the like. These materials can be applied
to the discontinuously electroplated surface using conventional ~ ;
film coating techniques such as extrusion coating, dispersion
and emulsion coating and the like. `
- Other coating materials can be spray coated onto ~;~
the discontinuously electroplated surface in particulate ~;
form and then fused in place at temperatures lower than the
softening or melting temperature of the electroplated
substrate itself. Materials that can be applied in this
fashion include nylon, Teflon and other sinterable organic `
materials and inorganic materials such as glasses, oxides ~'
and ceramic frits.
It is also possible to form a coated article by -~
electric plating a different metal onto the discontinuously ;
'.'~";:
* Trade Mark ~ ;
,
- 14 - ;
., ~ ... . . . .. .
i3~Lt73
:
electroplated surface (for example lead or tin can ~e
electroplated onto a discontinuously electroplated chrome
~urface according to the inve~tion) to fill the areas between
the discrete metal islands forming a continuous metal surfaceO
If desired, the electroplated metal applied to the discontinuously
electroplated surface of the invention can be fused or melted - ;
in place in a finishing operation.
The article of the invention can also serve as
a composite catalyst body by utilizing catalytically active
.
metals in the electro deposition step. Such catalytically
active metals include iron, cobalt, nickel, palladium,
platinum, ruthenium, rhodium~ manganese, chromium,~ copper,
molybdenum9 tungsten, the rare earth and noble metals and the -~
likeO The aluminum substrate can be preformed into rolled or
honeycomb configurations and the oxide layer and discontinuous `
electroplated layer can ba formed subsequentlyO Such catalyst
bodies can be used in a host of catalytic applications for
example, in automotive air pollution devices and the like.
It is particularly advantageous to prepare an aluminum ;~
substrate with gamma aluminum oxide as the anodic oxide layer.
.. . . .
This form of alumina is catalytically active by itself in
automotive an~i-pollution devices and contributes to the
catalytic action of a composite catalyst body incorporating ;~
metal islands of a catalytically active metal as described ;$~
~: . . .,: :,
aboveO
- :.
The present invention can also be ~sed to advantage ~-
in the field of electroless plating whereby metallic
finishes are applied to non-c~nducting substrates such as
- 15 - ~;
3~73
plastics. The improvement in electroless plating according
to the present invention involves laminating or otherwise
adhering a non-conductive layer such as a phenolic resin,
an epoxy resin, ABS, polyethylene7 polypropylene, nylon,
and the like to an aluminum article produced according to ;
the invention such that the non-conductive material surrounds
the undercut metal islands extending above the surface of
the oxide layer. The aluminum substrate and the anodic oxide
layer are then removed, for 0xample, by chemical etching,
lQ leaving kehind the discrete individual metal islands imbedded
in the surface portion of the non-conductive material~ These - ;;
imbedded islands can then serve as nucleating sites for
subsequent electroless depositions of metal coatings us ~g
conventional electroless plating techniques. Once an electro- -
less metal finish is applied it is possible to apply further
metal finishes using conventional electroplating techni~ues.
The foregoing would be in lieu of current
practices in electroless plating involving etching the plastic
surface to provide anchoring site for nucleating agents or
pressing a plastic surface against an unsealed anodized
aluminum surface followed by etching the aluminum away,
leaving a mirror image of the anodized surface in the surface
of the plastic, again providing a roughened surface for
anchoring nucleating agents. However~ the metal islands `
imbedded in the surface of the non-conductive material can
also be removed leaving undercut pores or openings in the non-
conductive layer which can then be used as sites for depositing
nucleati~g agents for depositing an electroless metal layerO ~ `
'"'' '
- 16 -
~5~73 ~
In this embodiment the undercut pore remaining after the
imbedded islands are removed provides an improved anchoring
site for nucleating agents and subsequent deposited electroless
metal coatings.
The following examples are intended to further
illustrate the present invention without limiting same in ,
any manner. '~ ;~
Chromium and copper was electroplated onto
an anodized aluminum sur~ace forming a discontinuous electro
10 plated surface thereon composed of discrete metal islands ~'
having a bulbous undercut con-figuration as illustrated in
Figs. 1-12. Cleaned aluminum plaques are anodized in an ~'
electrolyte containing 280 grams of sulfuric acid per liter
of water. Anodizing was carried out at a temperature of ,~
40C with a current density of 30 amps per square foot for
a period of approximately 54 seconds. ',
Following the,formation of the anodic oxide layer, ,', ,~
chromium plating was carried out in an electrolyte containing
250 grams of chromic acid per liter of water and 2.S grams '
20 of sulfuric acid per liter of water. Plating was carried out ; '
at a temperature of 40-45 C for plating times between 60 and '~
120 seconds at a current density of 125 amps per square foot.
Thè results are shown in FigsO 1 6 of the drawing. ; '~
Copper plating is carried out in a simllar fashion
and the result,s are shown in Figs. 7-12 of the drawing~
In a further embodiment the present invention ', '~
makes it possible to continuously anodize and plate aluminum , '~
, web with either a discontinuous plated metal surface as '~
''.','
- 17 -
....... . . . . . .. . . . .. . . .
described herein or, if desired~ with a continuous electro : .
plated coating~ The process for accomplishi~g this involves
continuously electrolytically anodizing aluminum web in an
anodizing cell having therein a cathode connected to a source
of direct current and a contact roll connected to the
same source of current which precedes the anodizin~ cell
and makes electrical contact with the aluminum web before
it enters the anodizing cell proper. Thereafter, the
anodized web is plated by electrolytically depositing a
platable metal in a plating cell having therein a platable
metal anode connected to a second source of direct current ~ :
and a contact roll connected to the same second source of :~
,2 current and following the plating cell so as to contact the
~3, plated aluminum web after it leaves the plating cell.
This embodiment is illustrated in Fig. 14c of the
drawing and as noted previously, it is necessary to start up;
the process by first threading bare aluminum web through the
anodizing and plating cells so as to cont ct the contact roll
:, ..
j preceding the anodizing cell and the contact roll following
.~! 20 the plating cell~ Plating current is switched on in the
plating cell which results in some plating on the bare aluminum .~ :
,.
: webn As anodizing in the anodizing cell proceeds, the web:
entering the plating bath is already anodized and is then;
; plated with a discontinuous or continuous plated metal .
surface.
- Apparatus for continuously treating aluminum web
via the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 14c includes an anodizing `:
. .
cell means for continuously electrolytically anodizing aluminum
'.'
`' :
- 18 -
i~S~3
web having therein a cathode connected to a source of current ~ :
and a contact roll preceding the anodizing cell connected to
the same source of current, and plating cell means for
continuously electrolytically depositing a platable metal : -:
onto the anodized aluminum web having therein a platable
metal anode connected to a second source of current and ~:
a contact roll following the plating cell means connected to :~
the second source of current
It is also possible to anodize continuously with
single or multi-phase alternating current and subseqnently
continuously plate with direct currentO When alternating
current is utilized for continuously anodizing, the web in ;-~
the anodizing cell is bi-polar and the electrodes in the - ,
cell are opposite in polarity with respect to each other and
the web. .:
This is a division of Canadian patent application
Serial No. 197,103, filed April 8, 1974.
: : :
.. , ~ '
':' ~',.'":'
'. ~' :':'~
~,','". '~ ,,, ' .
: ~ ,
.'::
.:'` .. `
- 19 ~
;
.,.... , ,. .. ... . -
